Publications

in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of ljc 10,627.	the in vitro activity of ljc 10,627, a new carbapenem, was compared with those of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and gentamicin. ljc 10,627 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter agglomerans, enterobacter cloacae, hafnia alvei, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, morganella morganii, proteus rettgeri, serratia marcescens, pseudomonas cepacia, salmonellae, shigellae, aeromonas, and yersiniae ...	1992	1510436
rapid identification of motile aeromonas.	the clinical relevance and taxonomy of motile aeromonas species are areas of current controversy. strains of motile aeromonas isolates (n = 60) from various sources were identified to species level using the following tests (all incubated at 30 degrees and 37 degrees c): esculin hydrolysis; formation of gas from glucose; production of acetoin; production of acid from mannitol and arabinose; decarboxylation of lysine and ornithine, dihydrolation of arginine; and pyrazinamide hydrolysis in a semis ...	1992	1424504
survival of bacterial enteric pathogens in traditional fermented foods.	the survival of strains of bacterial enteric pathogens was investigated in two traditional fermented foods (mahewu and sour porridge) and in unfermented porridge. the foods were inoculated with cell suspensions of salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, aeromonas species and pathogenic escherichia coli which had a final concentration of 10(6)-10(7) cfu/ml of food. none of the strains of aeromonas and campylobacter were detected in mahewu and sour porridge 20 min after inoculation. the salmonellas w ...	1992	1512176
the activity of ceftiofur sodium for aeromonas spp. isolated from ornamental fish.	our objective was to determine the activity of ceftiofur sodium against aeromonas hydrophila and a. sobria isolated from a variety of domestic and imported tropical fish. twelve antimicrobial drugs were tested for effectiveness against these aeromonads using the kirby-bauer disk diffusion technique and minimum inhibitory concentration determinations. ceftiofur sodium was highly effective in vitro against aeromonads isolated from ornamental fish. of the 42 isolates of aeromonas spp. tested, none ...	1992	1512880
[sensitivity of vibrio and aeromonas to antibiotics].	the antibiotic sensitivity of 696 cultures belonging to the family vibrionaceae (v. cholerae o1, v. cholerae non-o1, v. albensis, v. parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus and aeromonas spp.) was studied and general regularities of the antibiotic sensitivity were shown: a high sensitivity to broad-spectrum antibiotics (tetracycline and chloramphenicol) and a low sensitivity to ++beta lactams (carbenicillin and ampicillin). the comparative examinations revealed similarity in the antibioticograms of v ...	1992	1514858
effect of aeromonas hydrophila enterotoxins on function of mouse phagocytes.	two enterotoxins produced by aeromonas hydrophila isolate ssu have been characterized in this laboratory. one is a cholera toxin cross-reactive cytolytic enterotoxin (ctc toxin) and the other is a non-cholera toxin cross-reactive cytotonic enterotoxin (non-ctc toxin). the two enterotoxins are capable of causing fluid accumulation in animal models; however, only the ctc toxin is lethal to mice and expresses hemolytic as well as cytotoxic activities. in this study, we have investigated the effects ...	1992	1425069
purification and characterisation of an extracellular metalloprotease, serine protease and haemolysin of aeromonas hydrophila strain b32: all are lethal for fish.	three different lethal (for rainbow trout, salmo gairdneri) extracellular toxins were purified by hplc from the culture supernatants of aeromonas hydrophila strain b32 which had been isolated from rainbow trout. a metalloprotease, mw 38 kda, was stable at 56 degrees c for 10 min, had no cytotoxic activity and and ld50 of 150 ng/g fish. in narrow range isoelectric-focusing (ief) the enzyme had 11 isomers with (pls) between 4.12 and 4.8. a serine protease (22 kda) was stable at 56 degrees c for 10 ...	1992	1435227
dietary vitamin b6 and vitamin c. influence on immune response and disease resistance in atlantic salmon (salmo salar).		1992	1444053
variation in growth kinetics and phenotype of aeromonas spp. from clinical, meat processing and fleshfood sources.	sixty-four strains of motile aeromonads (a. hydrophila, a. sobria and a. caviae), isolated from clinical meat processing and ready-to-eat fleshfood sources, and the a. hydrophila type strain were tested with respect to their growth kinetics at 4 degrees c and 37 degrees c, and the reported indicators of pathogenicity: autoagglutination and haemolysis (tested using a camp reaction). between the species, a. caviae grew the fastest at 37 degrees c and had the highest percentage of strains not able ...	1992	1445756
incidence and coincidence of listeria spp., motile aeromonads and yersinia enterocolitica on ready-to-eat fleshfoods.	a survey for the presence of listeria spp., yersinia enterocolitica and motile aeromonads in 203 samples of ready-to-eat fleshfoods purchased from retail outlets was conducted. overall, 39.4%, 3.4% and 23.2% of samples were positive for the presence of listeria spp., y. enterocolitica and motile aeromonads respectively. two factors have been identified as contributing to contamination of fleshfoods by these cold-tolerant bacteria. these are (i) the method of sale; delicatessen-bought foods were ...	1992	1445763
aeromonas sobria spontaneous bacterial peritonitis.		1992	1449170
cloning and expression in escherichia coli of the gene encoding an extracellular deoxyribonuclease (dnase) from aeromonas hydrophila.	the gene encoding an extracellular dnase from aeromonas hydrophila chc-1 has been cloned and sequenced. following expression of the dns in escherichia coli, it was revealed that some of the cloned enzyme was present in the cell-free extracellular supernatant fluid, and there was no cell lysis and concurrent release of cytoplasmic or periplasmic proteins. therefore, results suggest that e. coli cells were capable of secreting the dnase extracellularly, albeit very inefficiently. the dns is transc ...	1992	1452026
aeromonas spp as a potential cause of diarrhoea in children.	to determine the prevalence of aeromonas spp in the faeces of children and the association with symptoms of gastroenteritis.	1992	1452789
electrophoretic mobility and immunoblot analysis of the outer membrane proteins of aeromonas hydrophila, a. sobria and a. caviae.	the outer membrane profiles of three species of the genus aeromonas were examined by means of sds-page and immunoblotting to identify species-specific polypeptides and antigens which could presumably be applied to differentiate aeromonas spp. at the species or subspecies level. profiles on an 11% discontinuous sds-page showed common band sharing at the 52 kd position. species-specific bands for the three strains could also be detected. immunoblots using heterologous lps-adsorbed polyclonal antis ...	1992	1453982
crocodile attacks in the northern territory of australia.	to examine crocodile attacks in the northern territory with particular reference to risk factors, range of injuries, microorganisms isolated from wounds, and surgical management; and to make recommendations for optimal treatment.	1992	1453999
molecular cloning, characterization and nucleotide sequence of the gene for secreted alpha-amylase from xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.	alpha-amylase (1,4-alpha-d-glucan glucanohydrolase, ec 3.2.1.1) of apparent molecular mass 45 kda was secreted by xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris grown in medium containing starch or maltose. we isolated its structural gene from a recombinant lambda library and located it on a 2.7 kb dna fragment. nucleotide sequencing of the fragment revealed a potential orf encoding a protein of 475 amino acid residues, including a potential signal sequence of 35 amino acids. the signal processing site w ...	1992	1527504
identification of a cyprinid fish, the tench tinca tinca l., as a carrier of the bacterium aeromonas salmonicida, causative agent of furunculosis in salmonids.	a typical, pigment-producing strain of aeromonas salmonicida (a. sal.), the causative agent of furunculosis in salmonid fish species, was isolated from a cyprinid species, the tench tinca tinca l. with papilloma-like skin alterations. histopathology of the papilloma-like skin alterations in tench revealed "round holes", distinctly lined by thick layers of epithelial cells, but no bacteria. the organism was isolated from skin, gills and fins, but not internal organs. the isolate proved highly vir ...	1992	1462724
destruction of bacteria on fresh meat by hot water.	strains of different bacterial genera; escherichia coli (7), salmonella serotypes (7), enteropathogenic e. coli o 157 (2), aeromonas hydrophila (4), yersinia enterocolytica (1), pseudomonas fragi (5), and listeria monocytogenes (5), inoculated onto the surface tissues of pieces of fresh beef were found to be susceptible to the lethal action of hot water. on average, more than 3 log10 (99.9%) of these organisms were destroyed when water at 80 degrees c was applied for 10 or 20 s. therefore, a hot ...	1992	1468533
the cloning and nucleotide sequence of the serine protease gene (aspa) of aeromonas salmonicida ssp. salmonicida.	the gene for aeromonas salmonicida serine protease has been cloned into phagemid ptz18r in two restriction fragments, 2.0-kb psti and 2.3-kb kpni, of genomic dna. the nucleotide sequences of the two fragments have been determined, in both directions, after subcloning, by double-stranded sequencing of nested deletions. an open reading frame of 1863 bp translated into a sequence of 621 amino acids, a 24-amino acid signal peptide and a 597-amino acid mature enzyme of molecular mass 64,173 da. the c ...	1992	1468618
detection of bacterial and mycoplasma contamination in cell cultures by polymerase chain reaction.	a fast and simple method to detect bacterial and especially mycoplasma contamination in tissue culture by means of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification is described. in a first step the universal primer pairs p1/p2 (190-bp fragment) and p3/p4 (120-bp fragment) directed to different conserved parts of the prokaryotic 16s rrna gene are used. a positive signal after amplification on cell culture dna with these primers provides an indication of bacterial infection. using the internal primer ...	1992	1468621
detection of aeromonas salmonicida from fish by using polymerase chain reaction amplification of the virulence surface array protein gene.	a dna-based assay was developed to detect aeromonas salmonicida from infected fish by analyzing tissues, feces, and the tank water in which the infected fish were held. this analysis was done both by direct detection from samples and after a bacterial outgrowth step. polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification of a 421-bp sequence from the 3' region of the surface array protein gene (vapa) of a. salmonicida provided a specific and sensitive method for the detection and identification of this i ...	1992	1476426
phenotypic methods for speciating clinical aeromonas isolates.	to establish the suitability of currently available phenotypic methods for speciation of clinical aeromonas isolates in diagnostic microbiology laboratories.	1992	1479034
diagnostic exercise: high mortality in red-eared slider turtles (pseudemys scripta elegans).		1992	1479815
behaviour of aeromonas species in cary-blair transport medium at various temperatures.		1992	1563392
aeromonas hydrophila conjunctivitis in a pet parrot (amazona versicolor).	a bilateral conjunctivitis in a pet parrot (amazona versicolor) is reported. aeromonas hydrophila was isolated in pure culture from both eyes and considered of diagnostic significance. biochemical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of the strain were studied, as were the factors that could have contributed to the clinical conjunctivitis and the role of a. hydrophila as an opportunistic pathogen.	1992	1485867
[the suicide phenomenon and fermentative metabolic activity in strains of the aeromonas group isolated from feces].	we study the "suicide" phenomena as well as metabolic pathways of mixed acids (methyl red test, mr) and butylene glycol (voges-proskauer, vp), in 107 strains belonging to mesophilic aeromonas group, isolated from stools. the strains have been identified as a. hydrophila, 28 cases (26.1%), a. sobria 26 cases (24.3%) and a. caviae 53 cases (49.6%). all a. caviae strains behave homogeneously as f+, rm+ and vp-, independently of temperature (30 or 37 degrees c). a. hydrophila strains only showed the ...	1992	1489794
aeromonas hydrophila fulminant pneumonia in a fit young man.	a previously healthy 24 year old athletic man became ill suddenly with pneumonia the day after swimming in the sea. despite intensive support measures in the intensive care unit he died three hours after admission and 21 hours after his first symptom. necropsy showed bilateral haemorrhagic necrotising pneumonia. aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from a blood culture taken at admission and from the lungs at necropsy. the infection may have come from contaminated sea water.	1992	1496512
formation of brown bodies in the coelomic cavity of the earthworm eisenia fetida andrei and attendant changes in shape and adhesive capacity of constitutive cells.	the formation of brown bodies in the coelomic cavity may result from an aggregation of coelomocytes around offending foreign cells such as bacteria, gregarines, incompatible graft fragments, and altered self structures such as setae or necrotic muscle cells. the initial nodule rapidly increases in volume by aggregation of new coelomocytes and various waste particles. when a brown body has reached a diameter of 1-2 mm, its external cells flatten and lose their adhesiveness toward free coelomocyte ...	1992	1499843
use of polymerase chain reaction for detection of toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 strains from the latin american cholera epidemic.	in january 1991, an outbreak of cholera started in peru and spread throughout most of latin america within 8 months. as of march 1992, over 450,000 cases and approximately 4,000 deaths have been reported to the pan american health organization. the causative organism is toxigenic vibrio cholerae o1 of the el tor biotype and is distinct from the u.s. gulf coast strains. a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) that amplifies a 564-bp fragment of the cholera toxin a subunit gene (ctxa) was used to identi ...	1992	1500520
in vitro activity of ro 23-9424, a dual-action antibacterial agent, against bacterial isolates from cancer patients compared with those of other agents.	the in vitro activity of ro 23-9424 against bacterial isolates from patients with cancer was compared with those of fleroxacin, ciprofloxacin, cefoperazone, and ceftazidime. ro 23-9424 inhibited the majority of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae and all aeromonas isolates at a concentration of less than or equal to 1.0 micrograms/ml. it was also active against acinetobacter spp. and haemophilus influenzae, including beta-lactamase-producing strains. the mic for 90% of isolates (mic90) ...	1992	1503453
automated lanes detection and comparison of bacterial electrophoretic protein fingerprints using fast fourier transformation.	a method of computer-automated analysis of bacterial fingerprints produced by electrophoresis of proteins in a one-dimensional slab gel system is described. proteins were visualized by silver staining. western blotting, or autoradiography. gels were recorded with a ccd camera, and after initial manual removal of the unwanted image margins, track margins were identified and extracted and a normalized trace was produced automatically using fourier routines to smooth plots required for this process ...	1992	1511600
identification of aeromonas strains to the genospecies level in the clinical laboratory.	one hundred thirty-three strains of aeromonas (human, n = 102; animal, n = 16; environmental, n = 15) previously identified to the dna group level by molecular methods were biochemically analyzed for 58 properties. on the basis of the use of between 9 and 16 selected tests, 132 of the 133 strains (99%) could be assigned to their correct hybridization group using this biochemical scheme. the results suggest a feasible approach for identifying aeromonads to genospecies level under appropriate cond ...	1992	1583128
characterization of aeromonas caviae antigens which cross-react with shigella boydii 5.	live and boiled cells of 16 strains of aeromonas caviae, isolated from patients with diarrhea, agglutinated with shigella boydii 5 antiserum in a slide test. further studies with seven selected strains showed agglutination with boiled cells in a tube test. lipopolysaccharide antigen extracted from one of these strains cross-reacted with s. boydii 5 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot studies. either all or the majority of the seven strains possessed properties deemed to be diarrh ...	1992	1583145
emerging food-borne pathogens and their significance in chilled foods.		1992	1517168
effect of culture age, pre-incubation at low temperature and ph on the thermal resistance of aeromonas hydrophila.	the thermal resistance of aeromonas hydrophila strain nctc 8049 was determined within the range 48 degrees-65 degrees c with a thermoresistometer tr-sc and mcilvaine buffer. the effects of culture age, pre-incubation at 7 degrees c and the ph of the heating menstruum were evaluated. the pattern of thermal death was dependent on culture age. cells heated in the late logarithmic growth phase (15 h at 30 degrees c) were twice as resistant as those in the early stage (5 h at 30 degrees c), and the m ...	1992	1517173
molecular studies on the aerolysin gene of aeromonas species and discovery of a species-specific probe for aeromonas trota species nova.	a large group of aeromonads and other enteric microorganisms were assayed for the presence of the aerolysin gene with use of dna-dna hybridization. two dna fragments corresponding to the regulatory region (aerc) and the structural gene (aera) were used as probes for the detection of the aerolysin gene in these strains. sequences corresponding to the aerolysin structural gene were widespread among aeromonas isolates. in contrast, the aerc probe was much more selective, and sequences corresponding ...	1992	1600007
numerical classification and identification of aeromonas genospecies.	a total of 176 aeromonas strains representing all currently characterized genospecies were tested for 329 biochemical characters. overall similarities of all strains were determined by numerical taxonomic techniques, the upgma algorithm and the ssm and the sj coefficients as measures of similarity. sixteen clusters (two or more strains) and seven unclustered strains were recovered at the 93.5% similarity level (ssm). genospecies 1, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9, 12 and 13 were largely represented by single phen ...	1992	1517176
epidemiology of aeromonas infections in california.	in may 1988, california became the first state to make aeromonas infection a reportable condition, thereby permitting the first population-based study of the epidemiology of infection caused by aeromonas organisms. case investigations were carried out on 219 of the 280 patients whose infections were reported during the first year of notification. the overall incidence rate for aeromonas isolation was 10.6 cases per 1 million population. the gastrointestinal tract was the most commonly reported s ...	1992	1520792
[usefulness of studies of susceptibility of ampicillin, carbenicillin, cefalotin and colistin as a presumptive identification system for the aeromonas sp. group].	we have studied the restricted antibiotic susceptibility tests for 180 strains belonging to mesophilic aeromonas sp. isolated from stools samples. strains has been identified as follows: a. caviae (64.6%), a. hydrophila (17.7%) and a. sobria (17.7%). antibiotics tested were ampicillin (10 micrograms), carbenicillin (100 micrograms), cephalotin (30 micrograms) and colistin (10 micrograms), by means of agar diffusion tests (disk-plate). we identified four different patterns of antibiotic susceptib ...	1992	1606227
aeromonas hydrophila infections following use of medicinal leeches in replantation and flap surgery.	aeromonas hydrophila infections are a recognized complication of postoperative leech application, and can occur with measurable frequency in populations of patients treated with leeches. we review 11 previously reported leech-related aeromonas infections and analyze seven unreported cases. these infections range from minor wound complications to extensive tissue loss and sepsis. often, these infections followed leech application to tissue with questionable arterial perfusion. onset of clinical i ...	1992	1524373
summary of bacterial isolates from farm-reared channel catfish (1979-1988).		1992	1616987
toxicity of aeromonas salmonicida cells to atlantic salmon salmo salar peritoneal macrophages.	several strains of aeromonas salmonicida were toxic to cultured peritoneal macrophages of atlantic salmon, salmo salar, in minimum doses of 5 x 10(6) cfu, whereas other strains were not. there was no correlation between cytotoxicity and in vivo virulence of the bacteria, the presence or absence of the two major surface components of a. salmonicida (namely, the a-layer and the o-polysaccharide chain of the lps) nor, finally, with the ability of the strains to produce the following enzymes in vitr ...	1992	1618355
postprandial aeromonas hydrophila cultures and antibiotic levels of enteric aspirates from medicinal leeches applied to patients receiving antibiotics.	increasing use of medicinal leeches has been accompanied by increasing numbers of reports of aeromonas hydrophila infections after leech application on or near damaged tissue. we examined the enteric contents of postprandial leeches after their application to patients receiving antibiotics. we found measurable levels of antibiotic in the leech enteric contents, and in leeches applied to patients receiving an antibiotic effective against aeromonas hydrophila, there was a significant decrease in p ...	1992	1524374
the use of medicinal leeches in the salvage of flaps with venous congestion.	the use of medicinal leeches (hirudo medicinalis) for the salvage of tissues with venous congestion has been intermittent over the last two centuries. during the last decade, interest in leech therapy has undergone a resurgence. hirudo's tricuspid bite injects a highly potent anticoagulant. the site usually bleeds for 1 to 2 hours and under special circumstances may bleed for up to 24 hours. this collective series presents four patients in whom immediate postoperative venous congestion threatene ...	1992	1524375
comparative in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a novel cephalosporin with a catechol moiety.	the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin, was compared with that of other beta-lactams and aminoglycosides in 1230 clinical isolates from 1028 consecutive patients. using an agar dilution method, the drugs were tested against 625 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, 68 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 36 xanthomonas maltophilia, 20 aeromonas hydrophila, 54 acinetobacter, 373 staphylococci, and 54 strains of enterococci. more than 98% of enterobacteriaceae were susceptible to ro 09-1 ...	1992	1525790
[late onset serum iga and igm deficiency revealed by acute diarrhea caused by aeromonas sobria infection].		1992	1526403
occurrence of a capsule in aeromonas salmonicida.	aeromonas salmonicida grown in a medium with excess glucose as carbon source produces both capsular and exocellular polysaccharides. the capsular polysaccharide is composed of glucose, mannose, rhamnose, n-acetylmannosamine and mannuronic acid in the molar ratios of approximately 5:3:0.75:2:1. the extracellular polysaccharide is similarly constituted, but in the molar ratios of approximately 4.75:10.5:1.5:2:1. the capsular and exocellular polysaccharides did not cross-react with monoclonal antib ...	1992	1526444
siderophore production and dna hybridization groups of aeromonas spp.	a correlation between the genospecies (dna-dna hybridization group) and the type of siderophore produced by 118 isolates of the genus aeromonas was established. organisms in hybridization groups 1 through 5 (including 5a, 5b, and 5ab) and group 12 predominantly produced the siderophore amonabactin, while an enterobactinlike siderophore was prevalent in groups 8/10 and 9. the siderophore produced by strains in group 6 may be an as-yet-unidentified nonphenolate, nonhydroxamate compound, and group ...	1992	1532398
amoxycillin in the control of furunculosis in atlantic salmon parr.	the efficacy of amoxycillin in the control of laboratory induced aeromonas salmonicida infection in atlantic salmon parr was investigated. when given in the diet at a dose rate of 80 mg per kg bodyweight it was effective against both a moderate and severe challenge (with mortality rates in untreated groups of 75 per cent and 45 per cent). at 40 mg per kg it was effective against the moderate challenge only. the plasma levels in these regimens were 1.25 micrograms per ml and 0.3 to 0.6 micrograms ...	1992	1546434
rapid purification of the aeromonas proteolytica aminopeptidase: crystallization and preliminary x-ray data.	the heat-stable aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolytica has been purified using two new procedures, with the aim of preparing large single crystals for x-ray analysis. in a first procedure, we tried to avoid any drastic conditions capable of inducing microheterogeneities in the protein sample. the enzyme was purified through two chromatographic steps based on hydrophobic interactions and ion exchange. in a second procedure a heat treatment of the protein to a temperature of 70 degrees c over ...	1992	1550363
antibiotic susceptibilities of the vibrionaceae to meropenem and other antimicrobial agents.	the in vitro activity of meropenem was compared with imipenem and other selected antimicrobial agents against 115 isolates from the family vibrionaceae. no resistance was observed with meropenem or imipenem against these isolates. however, meropenem was generally four- to 16-fold more active than imipenem against the aeromonads and vibrio cholerae. meropenem showed excellent in vitro activity against the vibrionaceae and may be useful for eradicating infections produced by these organisms.	1992	1643823
myonecrosis due to aeromonas hydrophila following insertion of an intravenous cannula: case report and review.		1992	1554856
isolation of salmonellas by immunomagnetic separation.	magnetisable particles, coated with anti-salmonella serum, were used to isolate salmonella livingstone from pure cultures, mixed cultures and food samples. beads (10(7] were generally incubated with 10(4) salm. livingstone cells/ml for 60 min at room temperature. the incubation and washing medium (0.01 mol/l phosphate-buffered saline; pbs) contained 0.1% bovine serum albumin (bsa) and 0.1% tween 20, respectively. this method gave a recovery for salm. livingstone of 51.0 +/- 7.8%. however, other ...	1992	1556036
bacterioplankton community structure and dynamics after large-scale release of nonindigenous bacteria as revealed by low-molecular-weight-rna analysis.	a set of freshwater mesocosms (1.7 m3 each) was inoculated with large amounts of escherichia coli, pseudomonas putida, and their culture medium to substantially disturb the natural microbial community. to monitor microbial community dynamics, low-molecular-weight rna (5s rrna and trna) obtained directly from bacterioplankton was analyzed by using high-resolution electrophoresis. the introduced bacteria showed no significant effect on the community structure of the natural bacterial assemblage an ...	1992	1280060
immunostimulants added to injected aeromonas salmonicida bacterin enhance the defense mechanisms and protection in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss).	immunostimulants were given to rainbow trout for assaying effects on modulating non-specific defense mechanisms, specific immune response, and protection levels against pathogen challenge with aeromonas salmonicida. three drugs, levamisole (an approved veterinary drug in the usa), a quaternary ammonium compound (qac), and a short-chain polypeptide (isk) were found to affect the non-specific defense mechanism activities, which were measured by changes in circulatory neutrophil and phagocytic acti ...	1992	1280879
[the typing of environmental strains of aeromonas spp].		1992	1284582
rrna gene restriction patterns as taxonomic tools for the genus aeromonas.	in the genus aeromonas there are at least 13 dna hybridization groups, which are difficult to differentiate biochemically. we investigated the usefulness of rrna gene restriction patterns for characterization and identification of the various groups. genomic dna was digested with restriction endonuclease smai, transferred to a nylon membrane, and hybridized with biotinylated plasmid pkk3535 containing the rrnb operon of escherichia coli. the smai bands at 0.8 to 4 kb but not those at positions c ...	1992	1380286
[the danger of infection in inhalation rooms].	there are alarming reports about high counts of legionella and pseudomonas in the aerosol of inhalation-rooms. we therefore investigated 14 institutions (6 kurhauses, 5 hospitals and 3 sanatoria for children) in schleswig-holstein, each of them at least five-fold. for that purpose the inhalant (seawater as a rule) was investigated for the total bacterial number and the number of legionella. cfu/m3 air were determined at the aerosol outlet and a qualitative search for legionella was done in the p ...	1992	1290566
immunochemical analysis and possible biological role of an aeromonas hydrophila surface array protein in septicaemia.	the biochemical, immunological, and biological properties of an s layer purified from an aeromonas hydrophila strain (ah-342) involved in a case of bacteraemia were investigated. the s layer selectively removed from the cell surface was composed of a single acidic (pi 4.56) protein subunit (surface array protein, sap) with a molecular mass of approximately 52 kda. amino acid analysis of this 52 kda protein indicated a molecule composed of 498 amino acids with 46% hydrophobic residues. no cystein ...	1992	1382113
[leg cellulitis caused by aeromonas hydrophila. medical treatment].	a case of cellulitis of the leg caused by aeromonas hydrophila in a cirrhotic patient is reported. the starting point of the infection could not be determined with certainty, but a direct local inoculation during foot-baths was suspected. because of clinical signs suggestive of erysipelas, the disease was initially treated without success with penicillin g, which raises questions concerning the choice of the initial antibiotic therapy for cellulitis of the leg in immunocompromised patients, pend ...	1992	1296475
novel structural patterns in divalent cation-depleted surface layers of aeromonas salmonicida.	the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida possesses a regular surface layer (or a-layer) which is an important virulence determinant. the a-protein, a single bilobed protein organized in a p4 lattice of m4c4 arrangement with two morphological domains, comprises this layer. the role of divalent cations in the a-layer structure was studied to better understand a-protein subunit interactions affecting structural flexibility and function. divalent cation bridges were found to be involved in the integr ...	1992	1296752
production of chitinase by enterotoxigenic aeromonas species isolated from clinical and environmental sources.	thirty-six isolates of aeromonas, 13 from children and 23 from the environment were tested for production of chitinase in culture supernatants. thirty-four isolates of the three species (91% clinical and 96% environmental) produced constitutive chitinase. the environmental isolates elaborated significantly more (p < 0.005) of the enzyme than those from the children. four of the environmental isolates also produced inducible chitinase. all isolates of aeromonas were enterotoxic, however, the isol ...	1992	1296938
biochemical characteristics and enterotoxicity of aeromonas species isolated from man and environment.	a total of 147 isolates of aeromonas spp., of which 54 were isolated from children and adults with diarrhoea, 44 from variety of water sources and 49 from environmental sources, were tested for enterotoxin production and its correlation with biochemical characters. lysine was decarboxylated by 38% of a. hydrophila, 35% of a. sobria and 20% of a. caviae. majority strains were unable to utilise citrate as the sole source of carbon except one of a. hydrophila, 8 of a. sobria and 6 of a. caviae. bet ...	1992	1296942
[aeromonas hydrophila infection in a case of open fracture].		1992	1386446
hemolytic properties of some aeromonas strains.	considering the possible correlation between hemolytic and enterotoxigenic properties of aeromonas strains mentioned in the literature, in the present work we studied the practical value of the hemolysis tests in the diagnosis of aeromonas strains by using comparatively the hemolysis tube tests (with goat and sheep erythrocytes suspensions) as well as the technique on blood agar in aerobic conditions. there were studied comparatively 230 aeromonas strains (different species: a. hydrophila, a. so ...	1992	1297462
nucleotide sequences and characterization of haemolysin genes from aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria.	extracellular haemolysin is thought to be one of the important virulence factors in aeromonas infection. two extracellular haemolysin genes (ahh3 and ahh4) from aeromonas hydrophila strain 28sa, one (ahh5) from a. hydrophila strain ah-1 and one (asa1) from aeromonas sobria strain 33 were cloned into cosmid and plasmid vector dna in escherichia coli. the nucleotide sequences of the open reading frames of ahh3 and ahh4 are both 1476 basepairs (bp), whereas ahh5 and asa1 are 1455 and 1467 bp in len ...	1992	1302284
characterization of lactoferrin binding by aeromonas hydrophila.	various lactoferrin preparations (iron-saturated and iron-depleted human milk lactoferrins and bovine milk and colostrum lactoferrins) were bound by aeromonas hydrophila. binding was (i) reversible (65% of bound lactoferrin was displaced by unlabeled lactoferrin), (ii) specific (lactoferrin but not other iron-containing glycoproteins such as ferritin, transferrin, hemoglobin, and myoglobin inhibited binding), and (iii) significantly reduced by pepsin and neuraminidase treatment of the bacteria. ...	1992	1311545
[appendicitis: microbial interactions and new pathogens].	the authors present an exhaustive review on microbial agents of appendicitis by means of literature and personal research data. thus, a detailed analysis is made on common autochthonous agents and their pathogenetic interactions and on less common exogenous bacterial, viral, mycotic, protozoan and helminthic agents with emphasis to the role of yersinia enterocolitica. in fact this bacterium seems responsible for 3% to 8% of cases in accordance with literature and personal research data (more det ...	1992	1323137
inhibition of lipopolysaccharide synthesis in agrobacterium tumefaciens and aeromonas salmonicida.	lipopolysaccharide (lps) synthesis was inhibited, new lipid a metabolites accumulated, and growth ceased, when the plant pathogen agrobacterium tumefaciens and the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida were treated with an antibacterial agent which specifically inhibits ctp:cmp-3-deoxy-manno-octulosonate cytidylyltransferase (cmp-kdo synthase). the new lipid a metabolites were purified by chromatography on deae-cellulose and chemically analysed. metabolites isolated from both bacterial species con ...	1992	1324975
roles of structural domains in the morphology and surface anchoring of the tetragonal paracrystalline array of aeromonas hydrophila. biochemical characterization of the major structural domain.	the tetragonally arranged s-layer of aeromonas hydrophila contains two morphological domains. the mature s-layer protein of a. hydrophila has a subunit molecular weight of 52,000, and has been reported to contain two structural domains. here a mutant has been isolated which produces an s-layer of subunit molecular weight 38,650 as determined by sedimentation analysis. this truncated s-protein was exported via the periplasm to the cell surface, but could not self-assemble into a tetragonal array ...	1992	1333533
molecular and genetic characterization of cytochrome oxidase-negative aeromonas salmonicida isolated from coho salmon (oncorhynchus kisutch).	cytochrome oxidase variants of the bacterial fish pathogen, aeromonas salmonicida, were characterized for genetic and molecular homology with cytochrome oxidase-positive isolates that typically induce furunculosis in salmonids. protein and lipopolysaccharide moieties of the cytochrome oxidase-negative variants were similar to their typical counterparts, based on sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. pathogenicity of aberrant isolates to brook trout (salvelinus fontinalis) wa ...	1992	1335520
incidence of toxigenic vibrios in foods available in taiwan.	a total of 1088 vibrios and related species were isolated from seafood and aquacultured foods available in taiwan. they were identified as vibrio alginolyticus, v. cholerae, v. fluvialis i, v. fluvialis ii, v. parahaemolyticus, v. mimicus, aeromonas caviae, a. hydrophila, a. sobria and other species. incidence of these vibrio and aeromonas species in these foods was high. vibrio parahaemolyticus was frequently found in seawater and in foods of freshwater origin. the vibrio isolates were examined ...	1992	1399913
specific detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by using polymerase chain reaction.	development of a routine detection assay for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in clinical specimens was undertaken by using the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). an oligonucleotide primer pair from a conserved 5' region of the flaa gene of c. coli vc167 was used to amplify a 450-bp region by pcr. the primer pair specifically detected 4 strains of c. coli and 47 strains of c. jejuni; but it did not detect strains of campylobacter fetus, campylobacter lari, campylobacter upsaliensis, cam ...	1992	1400961
glucose repression of pigment production in atypical isolates of aeromonas salmonicida responsible for goldfish ulcer disease.	the effect of glucose and other carbohydrates on the pigmentation of three atypical isolates of aeromonas salmonicida indicated that the addition of d-glucose at a concentration of 0.1% (w/v) or more, inhibited pigment production and caused a reduction in the size of colonies. the addition of camp reversed the inhibitory effects of d-glucose on pigment production.	1992	1336808
studies on the infundibular cysts of the uterine tube in camel (camelus dromedarius).	two hundred eighteen genital tracts of slaughtered female camels were collected and examined. infundibular cysts were observed in 35 tracts (16%); these were either unilateral (22 cases) or bilateral (13 cases) all containing fluids of different consistencies. the morphological and histological structures of the cysts were recorded. the bacteriological investigation and physicochemical analysis of cyst contents were carried out. aeromonas hydrophila was isolated from 68.5% of cases. rectal palpa ...	1992	1339989
non-culturable aeromonas salmonicida in lake water.	the survival of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was investigated in lake water. during a 21-day study a. salmonicida became non-culturable in sterile lake water held at 10 degrees c. the incubation of replicate samples between 5 degrees c and 25 degrees c produced similar results. the recovery of colony-forming units of a. salmonicida from different lake water systems indicated that they survived longer in water that was naturally enriched (eutrophic) or enriched with tryptone soya brot ...	1992	1342635
characterization of aeromonas sobria tap13 pili: a possible new colonization factor.	pili of aeromonas sobria tap13 were purified and characterized. the molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be about 23 kda by sds-page. the tap13 pili were immunologically different from a. sobria ae1 pili and a. hydrophila ae6 w pili as previously reported, nevertheless all three had indistinguishable morphology and shared a high degree of homology in their n-terminal amino acid sequences. strain tap13 and its purified pili did not agglutinate human, rabbit or sheep erythrocytes. however, ...	1992	1357078
cloning and characterization of fxp, the flexible pilin gene of aeromonas hydrophila.	the flexible pilus of aeromonas hydrophila is a morphologically and biochemically unique organelle which binds eukaryotic cell surfaces and whose expression is induced by specific physiochemical conditions. fxp, the structural gene coding for the flexible pilus subunit, was localized on a 7.6kb plasmid of a. hydrophila strain ah26. a putative shine-dalgarno sequence and -10 and -35 regions were identified, a signal peptide sequence delineated, and the coding sequence compared with other bacteria ...	1992	1360140
characterization of a vibrio cholerae virulence factor homologous to the family of tonb-dependent proteins.	irga is an iron-regulated virulence factor for infection in an animal model with classical vibrio cholerae strain 0395. we detected gene sequences hybridizing to irga at high stringency in clinical isolates in addition to 0395, including another classical strain of v. cholerae, three v. cholerae strains of the el tor biotype, three non-o1 isolates of v. cholerae, and individual isolates of vibrio parahaemolyticus, vibrio fluvialis, and vibrio alginolyticus. no hybridization to irga was seen with ...	1992	1406279
purification and characterization of aeromonas sobria ae24 pili: a possible new colonization factor.	pili of aeromonas sobria ae24 were purified and characterized. the molecular mass of the pilin was estimated to be about 19 kda by sds-page. the ae24 pili were electrophoretically distinguishable from previously reported aeromonas hydrophila ae6 w pili and a. sobria ae1 pili, although all three had indistinguishable morphology and shared a high degree of homology in the n-terminal amino acid sequences. strain ae24 and its purified pili adhered to rabbit intestine and agglutinated human and rabbi ...	1992	1363704
comparison of two assays for the detection of haemolysins of aeromonas species.	the haemolysins produced by aeromonas species were detected and compared by two assay methods--a modified blood agar plate assay and the rabbit erythrocyte haemolysin method. both assays showed a high level of agreement (86%). the titres of the rabbit erythrocyte haemolysin assay correlated with the haemolytic zone diameter of the ox blood agar assay. in addition the agar haemolysin assay had simple media requirements, was easy to perform and results were well defined.	1992	1411668
susceptibility of recent clinical isolates to temafloxacin (a-63004) and other antimicrobial agents.	in vitro susceptibility of 1008 strains of recent clinical isolates was determined against the new aryl fluoroquinolone temafloxacin (t-167, a-63004) ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin, ampicillin, piperacillin, cephalothin, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, gentamicin, amikacin, oxacillin and vancomycin. the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of temafloxacin in micrograms/ml required for > or = 90% isolates were 0.13-0.5 for enterobacter, 0.03-0.25 for escherichia coli, 0.12-0.5 for klebsiella, 0.5-1.0 for ...	1992	1338041
incidence of aeromonas isolated from diarrhoeal children and study of some virulence factors in the isolates.	stool samples from 305 children with diarrhoea and equal number of age and sex matched non-diarrhoeal control children, less than 5 years of age, were examined during the period from sept 1988 to april 1989. aeromonas spp. were isolated from 37 (12.1%) diarrhoeal and 05 (1.6%) control cases. out of 37 diarrhoeal isolates 13 (35.1%) were a. hydrophila, 19 (51.1%) a. sobria and 05 (13.5%) a. caviae. all the isolated strains were tested for haem agglutination property and haemolysin production. sev ...	1992	1303082
antimicrobial resistance of 100 serial gram-negative isolates in two intensive care units.	to determine antimicrobial resistance pattern among gram-negative bacteria isolated from suspected sources of infections in patients hospitalized in two intensive care units (icus) at siriraj hospital from september 1991 to december 1991, minimal inhibitory concentrations of one-hundred consecutive gram-negative isolates for various antimicrobials were performed using the microbroth dilution method. of all gram-negative bacterial isolates, 25 per cent were pseudomonas aeruginosa, 22 per cent aci ...	1992	1308536
enterotoxicity of clinical and environmental isolates of aeromonas spp.	of 147 isolates of three species of aeromonas, 54 were from clinical and 93 from environmental sources. when tested for enterotoxin production, most of the isolates (56%) caused accumulation of fluid in rabbit ileal loops (rils). although large proportions of clinical and environmental isolates of a. caviae (55% and 65%, respectively) elicited such a response in rils, isolates of a. hydrophila and a. sobria produced significantly more fluid (p less than 0.05). furthermore, the environmental stra ...	1992	1560448
catfish-related injury and infection: report of two cases and review of the literature.	two cases of serious infection following catfish spine-related injuries are presented, and the literature on this topic is reviewed. the organisms usually involved in such infections are vibrio species, aeromonas hydrophila, enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas species, and components of the flora of the human skin. irrigation, exploration, and culture of these wounds as well as immunization of the patient against tetanus are recommended. patients with hepatic disease or chronic illness and immunocom ...	1992	1562661
structural and pathogenic properties of aeromonas schubertii.	we investigated the phenotypic, structural, and pathogenic properties of 11 aeromonas schubertii strains recovered from extraintestinal sites. most a. schubertii strains were autoagglutination positive, possessed a high surface charge but low hydrophobicity, and fell into one or two biogroups on the basis of carbon substrate utilization patterns. fatty acid methyl ester analysis of a. schubertii revealed this species to contain a relatively high percentage of branched fatty acids (i-13:0, i-15:0 ...	1992	1563798
enterotoxic effects of aeromonas sobria haemolysin in a rat jejunal perfusion system identified by specific neutralization with a monoclonal antibody.	investigations into the pathogenesis of aeromonas diarrhoea have demonstrated that several different cell-free products of motile aeromonads show enterotoxic activity in suckling mouse, rat, and rabbit assay systems. the relative contributions made by separate cytotoxic and cytotonic activities in the mixture produced by in vitro culture remains unresolved. using a modified rat jejunal perfusion assay, we have studied the effects of a. sobria culture filtrates containing defined levels of haemol ...	1992	1564437
isolation of the leucine aminopeptidase gene from aeromonas proteolytica. evidence for an enzyme precursor.	the leucine aminopeptidase of aeromonas proteolytica (ec 3.4.11.10) is a monomeric metalloenzyme having the capacity to bind two zn2+ atoms in the active site. structural information of this relatively small aminopeptidase that could illuminate the catalytic mechanism of the metal ions is lacking; hence, we have obtained sequences from the purified enzyme, cloned the corresponding gene, and expressed the recombinant protein in escherichia coli. the deduced primary amino acid sequence of this sec ...	1992	1569090
haemolytic-uraemic syndrome associated with aeromonas hydrophila enterocolitis.		1992	1571224
dna probe for aeromonas salmonicida.	a dna fragment that is specific to aeromonas salmonicida has been isolated from a genomic dna library by differential hybridization. the specificity of this fragment as a dna probe for a. salmonicida was shown by hybridization against reference strains and clinical isolates of a. salmonicida, related aeromonads, and species from several other bacterial genera. the sensitivity of detection by a polymerase chain reaction test, based on this fragment, was approximately two a. salmonicida cells.	1992	1575477
virulence traits of aeromonas strains in relation to species and source of isolation.	the virulence traits of 39 well-defined clinical (29 strains) and environmental (10 strains) isolates of aeromonas (16 a. hydrophila, 12 a. sobria and 11 a. caviae) were examined by a variety of assays to delineate differences, if any, in the enteropathogenic potential in relation to species and the source of isolation. the distribution of enterotoxin (ent), cytotoxin (cyt) and haemolysin (hae) producing strains of aeromonas did not correlate to species and source of isolation. the extracellular ...	1992	1576411
elastolytic activity among aeromonas spp. using a modified bilayer plate assay.	a total of 166 isolates of aeromonas, representing diverse geographical regions and originating from various sources, were evaluated for the ability to produce elastase by using a bilayer elastin agar medium (beam) plate assay. the degree of elastase activity of individual strains was roughly assessed by measuring the clear area beneath or peripheral to the colony and recorded as 1+, 2+, or 3+. of the 166 aeromonads tested, 53 (32%) were found to produce elastase, of which 26 (49%) were 3+, 21 ( ...	1992	1582164
susceptibility to antimicrobial agents and plasmid carrying in aeromonas hydrophila isolated from two estuarine systems.	susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents and the presence of plasmids was investigated in eleven strains of aeromonas hydrophila isolated from samples of sea water and these strains isolated from aulacomya ater. transference of resistance to escherichia coli was attempted by conjugation and transformation experiments. the strains showed multiple resistance toward beta-lactam antibiotics and susceptibility to other antimicrobial agents. five strains harboured plasmids with molecular weights ...	1992	1593967
stereochemical and positional specificity of the lipase/acyltransferase produced by aeromonas hydrophila.	aeromonas species secrete a glycerophospholipid-cholesterol acyltransferase (gcat) which shares many properties with mammalian plasma lecithin-cholesterol acetyltransferase (lcat). we have studied the stereochemical and positional specificity of gcat against a variety of lipid substrates using nmr spectroscopy as well as other assay methods. the results show that both the primary and secondary acyl ester bonds of l-phosphatidylcholine can be hydrolyzed but only the sn-2 fatty acid can be transfe ...	1992	1599923
case report with review of aeromonas infection.	a 31-year-old woman with a. sobria infection and septicemia was reported. the patient was a known case of anll,m4 with incomplete remission following successive courses of chemotherapy. there were abscesses in the subcutaneous tissue of right knee and the liver at necropsy. leukemic cell infiltration in various organs as well as the aforementioned organs were observed. reported cases of aeromonas infection with or without diarrhea were also reviewed. according to our knowledge the present case i ...	1992	1602265
a comparison of total and specific immunoglobulin levels in healthy atlantic salmon (salmo salar l.) and in salmon naturally infected with aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes.	healthy atlantic salmon and salmon with a history of chronic natural aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes infection were compared with respect to total serum protein and the concentration and specificity of serum immunoglobulin. the immunoglobulin level was measured using competitive elisa and the specific antibody activity against aeromonas salmonicida subsp. achromogenes was measured using double sandwich elisa. significant elevation of serum protein and immunoglobulin concentration was o ...	1992	1604799
[the occurrence of aeromonads in a drinking water supply system].	this study concerns with the occurrence of aeromonads, coliforms and colony counts in a drinking water supply. aeromonas contents were detected in the range of 15.0 to greater than 2,400/100 ml in the raw water samples of the man made lake. after the drinking water treatment process including fast sand filtration and chlorination aeromonads indicated in comparison to total coliforms and colony counts early and significant an after-growth of maximal 240 aeromonads/100 ml in the peripheric drinkin ...	1992	1609555
seasonal variation in etiology of travelers' diarrhea. finnish-moroccan study group.	the etiology of travelers' diarrhea was studied in 579 adult finnish tourists participating in two packaged tours to morocco in the winter (n = 233) and fall (n = 346) of 1989. a research team accompanied the travelers, and a laboratory for enteric pathogens was established in agadir. at least one pathogen was found in 62% of the 60 diarrhea cases in winter and in 58% of the 111 diarrhea cases in fall. multiple pathogens were found less often in winter (8%) than in fall (21%, p less than .05). c ...	1992	1730905
typing of aeromonas strains from patients with diarrhoea and from drinking water.	aeromonas strains (187) from human diarrhoeal stools and from drinking water (263) in the netherlands were typed by three different methods. biotyping alone was found to be of little value for epidemiological studies because 84% of all strains belonged to only 10 biotypes. common biotypes could be further differentiated by serotyping. gas-liquid chromatography of cell wall fatty acid methyl esters (fame) was useful for species identification as well as for typing: 86% of all strains could be ide ...	1992	1618720