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hyperproduction, purification, and mechanism of action of the cytotoxic enterotoxin produced by aeromonas hydrophila.a gene encoding the cytotoxic enterotoxin (act) from aeromonas hydrophila was hyperexpressed with the pet, ptrx, and pgex vector systems. maximum toxin yield was obtained with the ptrx vector. approximately 40 to 60% of act was in a soluble form with the ptrx and pet vector systems. the toxin protein was purified to homogeneity by a combination of ammonium sulfate precipitation and fast protein liquid chromatography-based column chromatographies, including hydrophobic, anion-exchange, sizing, an ...19979317040
enterotoxicity, haemolytic activity and antibiotic susceptibility of aeromonas eucrenophila strains isolated from water and infected fish.strains of a. eucrenophila isolated from fresh water (2 strains) and infected fish (4 strains) were tested for haemolytic activity and enterotoxicity and any correlation between them. also, the resistance patterns of a. eucrenophila were tested especially in relation to ampicillin. none of the a. eucrenophila strains caused fluid accumulation in the initial tests, however, they did so only after one to four sequential passages through the gut of a susceptible host. all the strains of a. eucrenop ...19979315221
[toxigenic vibrio cholerae: identification of the ctxb gene].a specific probe was designed to identify part of the genetic sequence of the ctxb gene which encodes for the b subunit of the cholera toxin by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) which amplifies a 318 bp segment of the ctxb gene. marked with p32, we used this probe for colony hybridization which is a technique for identifying the production capacity of subunit b of strains of vibrio cholerae o1 from different outbreaks in south america (perú 1992 and ecuador 1993-1995) and from, collection strains. ...19979312275
cleavage of influenza a virus h1 hemagglutinin by swine respiratory bacterial proteases.cleavage of influenza a virus hemagglutinin (ha) is required for expression of fusion activity and virus entry into cells. extracellular proteases are responsible for the proteolytic cleavage activation of avirulent avian and mammalian influenza viruses and contribute to pathogenicity and tissue tropism. the relative contributions of host and microbial proteases to cleavage activation in natural infection remain to be established. we examined 23 respiratory bacterial pathogens and 150 aerobic ba ...19979311838
microbiological evaluation of bottled uncarbonated mineral water in taiwan.the microbiological quality of 136 samples of bottled uncarbonated mineral water, including 88 domestic and 48 imported samples, was investigated. the numbers of samples with heterotrophic plate count (hpc) over the maximum level legally permitted in taiwan (200 colony forming units ml-1) were 45 (51.1%) and 29 (60.4%) for domestic and imported samples, respectively. coliforms and faecal streptococci were not detectable in the samples tested. two of the domestic samples were contaminated with ae ...19979310848
crystal structure at 1.2 a resolution and active site mapping of escherichia coli peptidyl-trna hydrolase.peptidyl-trna hydrolase activity from escherichia coli ensures the recycling of peptidyl-trnas produced through abortion of translation. this activity, which is essential for cell viability, is carried out by a monomeric protein of 193 residues. the structure of crystalline peptidyl-trna hydrolase could be solved at 1.2 a resolution. it indicates a single alpha/beta globular domain built around a twisted mixed beta-sheet, similar to the central core of an aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolyti ...19979303320
bacteriocin-like substance of aeromonas hydrophila. 19979302421
distribution and expression of beta-lactamase genes among aeromonas spp.clinical and environmental isolates of aeromonas spp. (20 aeromonas caviae, 33 aeromonas veronii and 21 aeromonas hydrophila) were examined for their ability to yield mutants derepressed for beta-lactamase production and for the distribution of the three chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase genes, amps and ceps from a. veronii bv. sobria and cpha from a. hydrophila. of these isolates, 100% and 96% of the isolates from a. hydrophila and a. caviae, respectively, yielded beta-lactamase derepressed ...19979301981
zn(ii) dependence of the aeromonas hydrophila ae036 metallo-beta-lactamase activity and stability.two zn2+ binding sites were found in the aeromonas hydrophila ae036 metallo-beta-lactamase. the affinity of the first binding site for zn2+ ions is so high that the dissociation constant could not be determined, but it is significantly lower than 20 nm. the mono-zn2+ form of the enzyme exhibits a maximum activity against its carbapenem substrates. the presence of a zn2+ ion in the second lower affinity binding site results in a loss of enzymatic activity with a ki value of 46 microm at ph 6.5. t ...19979298974
risk assessment of opportunistic bacterial pathogens in drinking water.this study was undertaken to examine quantitatively the risks to human health posed by heterotrophic plate count (hpc) bacteria found naturally in ambient and potable waters. there is no clear-cut evidence that the hpc bacteria as a whole pose a public health risk. only certain members are opportunistic pathogens. using the four-tiered approach for risk assessment from the national academy of sciences, hazard identification, dose-response modeling, and exposure through ingestion of drinking wate ...19979297985
the synthesis, secretion and role in virulence of the paracrystalline surface protein layers of aeromonas salmonicida and a. hydrophila.the s-layers of the aeromonas spp. studied to date are composed of identical protein subunits which are translocated across the cytoplasmic membrane, periplasm and outer membrane to the cell surface, where they are assembled and tethered to the cell via an interaction with the o-polysaccharide side chains of the lipopolysaccharide. aeromonas s-layers have the ability to bind a number of host factors such as fibronectin, laminin and vitronectin as well as providing resistance to serum killing and ...19979297815
[bactericidal activity determination of biseptine, combination of chlorhexidine, benzalkonium chloride and benzylic alcohol, on 124 hospital bacterial strains].biseptine is an antiseptic composed of chlorhexidine digluconate (chx), benzalkonium chloride (bc) and benzylic alcohol. minimal bactericidal concentrations (mbcs) of biseptine were determined on 124 clinical strains: 76 enterobacteriaceae, 16 other gram negative bacilli, (pseudomonas spp, aeromonas spp, haemophilus spp) and 32 gram positive bacteria (staphylococcus spp, streptococcus spp, listeria spp, bacillus cereus), using microdilution method, in comparison with hibitane champ. modal mbc of ...19979296082
identification and molecular characterization of two tandemly located flagellin genes from aeromonas salmonicida a449.two tandemly located flagellin genes, flaa and flab, with 79% nucleotide sequence identity were identified in aeromonas salmonicida a449. the fla genes are conserved in typical and atypical strains of a. salmonicida, and they display significant divergence at the nucleotide level from the fla genes of the motile species aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas veronii biotype sobria. flaa and flab encode unprocessed flagellins with predicted mrs of 32,351 and 32,056, respectively. when cloned under th ...19979286979
quorum sensing in aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas salmonicida: identification of the luxri homologs ahyri and asari and their cognate n-acylhomoserine lactone signal molecules.spent culture supernatants from both aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas salmonicida activate a range of biosensors responsive to n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). the genes for a quorum sensing signal generator and a response regulator were cloned from each aeromonas species and termed ahyri and asari, respectively. protein sequence homology analysis places the gene products within the growing family of luxri homologs. ahyr and asar are transcribed divergently from ahyi and asai, respectively, a ...19979286976
enhancement of the resistance of tilapia and grass carp to experimental aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda infections by several polysaccharides.efficacies of eleven polysaccharides including bar (glycan extracted from barley), curdlan, dex (dextran sulfate), inulin, krestin, laminaran, levan, po (glycan extracted from pleurotus ostreatus), scleroglucan, yg (yeast glucan), and zymosan, in the protection of tilapia, tilapia aureus p., and grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idellus, against bacterial infections in vivo were examined. four glycans. namely, bar, krestin, scleroglucan, and zymosan were observed to significantly increase the surviva ...19979280393
safe poultry meat production in the next century.the revolutionary industrialisation of the poultry industry in the last 30 years has made the food poultry meat available for large groups of consumers. due to its nutritional, sensory and economical characteristics, poultry meat is by far the most popular animal food product world-wide. epidemiological reports, however, incriminate poultry meat as a source for outbreaks of human food poisoning. the organisms involved are salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and, to a lesser extent, listeria mono ...19979276991
functions of s-layers.although s-layers are being increasingly identified on bacteria and archaea, it is enigmatic that in most cases s-layer function continues to elude us. in a few instances, s-layers have been shown to be virulence factors on pathogens (e.g. campylobacter fetus ssp. fetus and aeromonas salmonicida), protective against bdellovibrio, a depository for surface-exposed enzymes (e.g. bacillus stearothermophilus), shape-determining agents (e.g. thermoproteus tenax) and nucleation factors for fine-grain m ...19979276929
vaccination strategies in seawater cage culture of salmonids.successful vaccination depends both on the development of protective vaccines and their correct use. in addition to deciding which diseases to vaccinate against, the choice of the method, timing, and use of revaccination must be considered. in seawater culture of salmonids, vibriosis and furunculosis are the most important diseases against which to vaccinate in many parts of the world, while cold-water vibriosis is of great significance in atlantic salmon in some areas with low water temperature ...19979270869
vaccination strategies in freshwater salmonid aquaculture.the focus of this chapter is antibacterial vaccines. the main salmonid species in freshwater aquaculture is the rainbow trout. other salmonid species are produced on a limited scale. the most important bacterial fish diseases in european freshwater aquaculture are the rainbow trout fry syndrome-rtfs-(flavobacterium psychrophilum) and enteric redmouth disease-erm-(yersinia ruckeri) which are widespread and cause serious epizootics, while furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida) is endemic, only givin ...19979270868
vaccinated fish welfare: protection versus side-effects.active immunisation of fish involves a number of potentially harmful procedures like handling, anaesthesia or injection of more or less toxic substances. adjuvanted vaccines may cause inflammation, granuloma and pigmentation at the site of injection. intraperitoneal administration of oil-adjuvanted vaccines to atlantic salmon pre-smolts has occasionally resulted in impaired growth and reduced carcass quality. the consequences of such vaccination for fish welfare may therefore be questioned. with ...19979270866
strengths and weaknesses of different challenge methods.the development of effective fish vaccines is greatly dependent on reproducible standardised challenge methods. different test protocols involving bath exposure, intra-peritoneal and intra-muscular injection and co-habitation are all well described in the literature. ideally, to represent the many facets of infectious diseases in fish, a test challenge method should closely mimic natural exposure to the pathogen and ensure that immune mechanisms located in the body surfaces play their role. bath ...19979270858
adjuvants and immunostimulants for enhancing vaccine potency in fish.adjuvants combined with immunogens are effective enhancers of the immune response in fish. as in other animals, substances such as freund's complete and incomplete adjuvants, light oils and bacterial lipopolysaccharides have been shown to induce elevated antibody production when added to bacterins and administered to fish. light oil adjuvants are now used successfully with injectable bacterins of aeromonas salmonicida, and in multivalent fish vaccines where a. salmonicida is combined with yersin ...19979270854
immunization with bacterial antigens: infections with motile aeromonads.motile aeromonads are a heterogeneous group of organisms which are involved in a number of disease syndromes of warm water fish. they are commonly associated with bacterial haemorrhagic septicaemia, infectious dropsy, red mouth disease, ulcerative conditions etc. a variety of factors has been considered to be associated with virulence including haemolysins, proteases, surface array protein, acetylcholinesterase etc. we have studied the immune response of indian major carps to antigens of motile ...19979270842
immunization with bacterial antigens: furunculosis.although the nature of the antigens and the immune responses they elicit to achieve immunity to furunculosis are still not well defined, the currently available vaccines comprising a. salmonicida bacterins emulsified in oil adjuvants and delivered by intraperitoneal injection provide remarkably high levels of long-lasting protection. despite some concern over side-effects, these vaccines have been adopted by most atlantic salmon farmers over the last four years, transforming a situation where fu ...19979270839
aeromonas hydrophila necrotizing fasciitis and gas gangrene in a diabetic patient on haemodialysis. 19979269663
purification and properties of an aminopeptidase from a protamine-degrading marine bacterium.a protamine-degrading marine bacterium was isolated from marine soil and identified as aeromonas salmonicida subsp. based on its taxonomical characteristics. an alanine-specific aminopeptidase, called aminopeptidase k, from an extract of the strain was purified and characterized. the aminopeptidase k was purified about 80-fold by fractionation with ammonium sulfate and column chromatography on qa-52 cellulose, phenyl superose and superose 12. the purified enzyme is composed of 6 subunits of 86 k ...19979255972
bacterial diarrhea in laos, a region where cholera was endemic.there were cholera outbreaks in lao pdr since 1993. two provinces were epidemic areas of cholera in 1993. however the area of cholera occurrence increased to 7 provinces through 1994. then a bacterial survey had done for the purpose of public health improvement. epec was markedly isolated from the hospital in vientiane. in apparent infection of salmonella and non-01 vibrio cholerae with soldiers stationed in the island in mekong river belong to vientiane were pointed out. the outbreak of diarrhe ...19969253874
mode of primary binding to target membranes and pore formation induced by vibrio cholerae cytolysin (hemolysin).vibrio cholerae cytolysin (vcc) is produced by many non-choleratoxigenic strains of v. cholerae, and possibly represents a relevant pathogenicity determinant of these bacteria. the protein is secreted as a pro-toxin that is proteolytically cleaved to yield the active toxin with a molecular mass of approximately 63 kda. we here describe a simple procedure for preparative isolation of mature vcc from bacterial culture supernatants, and present information on its mode of binding and pore formation ...19979249028
spectroscopically distinct cobalt(ii) sites in heterodimetallic forms of the aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolytica: characterization of substrate binding.the co(ii)zn(ii)- and zn(ii)co(ii)-substituted derivatives of the aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolytica (aap) were probed by epr spectroscopy. epr spectra of the high-spin s = 3/2 co(ii) ions in [cozn(aap)] and [znco(aap)] indicated that each metal binding site provides a spectroscopically distinct signature. for [cozn(aap)], subtraction of epr spectra recorded at ph 7.5 and 10 revealed that two species were present and that the relative contributions to each of the experimental spectra wer ...19979245416
cloning and analysis of the poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate) biosynthesis genes of aeromonas caviae.a 5.0-kbp ecorv-ecori restriction fragment was cloned and analyzed from genomic dna of aeromonas caviae, a bacterium producing a copolyester of (r)-3-hydroxybutyrate (3hb) and (r)-3-hydroxyhexanoate (3hhx) [p(3hb-co-3hhx)] from alkanoic acids or oils. the nucleotide sequence of this region showed a 1,782-bp poly (3-hydroxyalkanoate) (pha) synthase gene (phac(ac) [i.e., the phac gene from a. caviae]) together with four open reading frames (orf1, -3, -4, and -5) and one putative promoter region. t ...19979244271
pyomyositis of the anterior tibial compartment.five oncology patients developed bacterial pyomyositis involving the anterior tibial compartment and resulting in compartment syndrome with ischemia and abnormalities of neuromuscular function. all patients were neutropenic and thrombocytopenic, and four were receiving or had recently received cancer chemotherapy. three infections were due to gram-negative bacilli and two to staphylococcus aureus. appropriate antimicrobial therapy and surgical drainage in four patients resulted in the resolution ...19979243048
evaluation of the synergistic haemolysis (camp-like) test in the identification of motile, mesophilic aeromonas species.usefulness of the synergistic haemolysis (camp-like) test in the identification of aeromonas hydrophila, aeromonas sobria, and aeromonas caviae was evaluated, using beta-toxin producing staphylococcus aureus atcc 25923 and alpha-toxin producing clostridium perfringens atcc 13124 as sphingomyelinase producing indicator strains. the tests were done on columbia blood agar base supplemented with 5% sheep blood (cba; difco laboratories, detroit, mi, usa). when cultured aerobically, 77% of a. hydrophi ...19979241799
rapid purification, partial characterization, and antimicrobial spectrum of the bacteriocin, pediocin acm, from pediococcus acidilactici m.the bacteriocin from pediococcus acidilactici m, designated as pediocin acm, was rapidly purified to homogeneity by the ph mediated cell adsorption-desorption method and semi-preparative reversed-phase hplc. the purification yield was 40.4% and the specific activity was increased by 2450-fold. it gave a single band and a single peak on sds-page and hplc analysis, respectively. when subjected to electrospray lc-ms analysis, the protein was found to be highly pure and the molecular weight was dete ...19979237116
continuous spectrophotometric assay of peptide deformylase.a continuous assay for peptide deformylase has been developed using a formylated dipeptide, formyl-met-leu-p-nitroanilide, as substrate. removal of the formyl group by a peptide deformylase renders the dipeptide product, which contains a free nh2 terminus, a substrate for an aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolytica. sequential hydrolysis of the dipeptide by the aminopeptidase releases a p-nitroaniline, which is monitored spectrophotometrically at 405 nm. this assay was applied to determine the ...19979234895
structurally defined epitopes of haemophilus ducreyi lipooligosaccharides recognized by monoclonal antibodies.by use of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting techniques, the migration patterns and binding epitopes of lipooligosaccharides (los) from 10 haemophilus ducreyi strains were investigated with two monoclonal antibodies (mabs), mahd6 and mahd7, raised against los from h. ducreyi itm 2665. closely related los, with defined structures, from haemophilus influenzae, bordetella pertussis, aeromonas spp., and synthetic glycoproteins were also included in the analyses. the mabs bound to c ...19979234768
molecular and phenotypic features of aeromonads isolated from snails (helix aspersa) affected with a new summer disease.forty-four aeromonads were isolated during the summer of 1994 from snails (helix aspersa) affected or not by a newly described disease. snta 1 rrna gene restriction patterns (ribotyping) and nine selected conventional phenotypic tests were performed to retrospectively determine relationships among these isolates regarding the disease. results from ribotyping were found highly discriminant in strain differentiation and suggest the possible existence of a group of aeromonas associated with the dis ...19979230675
computer aided assignment of motile aeromonas strains to genospecies level by standard biochemical tests.a procedure is given for differentiation of motile aeromonas spp. based on nine to 12 biochemical properties it allows an assignment of isolated aeromonas strains first to phenotypes and, in the second step, to hybridization groups (hgs) 1-13 as well as to the genotypically defined species aer. allosaccharophila and aer. encheleia. the computer aided classification is carried out according to the principles of numerical taxonomy. using this differentiation scheme 23 aeromonas strains, which were ...19979230673
secreted enzymes of aeromonas.a hallmark characteristic of species of aeromonas is their ability to secrete a wide variety of enzymes associated with pathogenicity and environmental adaptability. among the most intensively studied are beta-lactamases, lipases, hemolytic enterotoxins, proteases, chitinases, nucleases and amylases. multiple copies of genes encoding each type of enzyme provide additional biological diversity. except for the chitinases, these multiple copies show little evolutionary relatedness at the dna level ...19979228763
purification and characterization of l-allo-threonine aldolase from aeromonas jandaei dk-39.l-allo-threonine aldolase (l-allo-threonine acetaldehyde-lyase), which exhibited specificity for l-allo-threonine but not for l-threonine, was purified from a cell-free extract of aeromonas jandaei dk-39. the purified enzyme catalyzed the aldol cleavage reaction of l-allo-threonine (k(m) = 1.45 mm, vmax = 45.2 mumol min-1 mg-1). the activity of the enzyme was inhibited by carbonyl reagents, which suggests that pyridoxal-5'-phosphate participates in the enzymatic reaction. the enzyme does not act ...19979228760
the role of flagella and motility in the adherence and invasion to fish cell lines by aeromonas hydrophila serogroup o:34 strains.we compared the ability of aeromonas hydrophila wild-type strains of serogroup o:34, non-motile tn5 aflagellar mutants and the same mutants harboring a recombinant cosmid dna from a library of a. hydrophila ah-3 (o:34, wild-type) that allows these mutants to make flagella and to be motile, to adhere and invade two fish cell lines. we found that motility is essential in these strains for adhesion, and also that possession of flagella is essential for the ability to invade the fish cell lines. we ...19979228756
molecular and phenotypic methods for the characterization of atypical aeromonas salmonicida.atypical aeromonas salmonicida form a taxonomically diverse group among the psychrophilic a. salmonicida. characteristics of 53 atypical a. salmonicida strains originating from finland, denmark, norway and sweden were studied using 60 phenotypic tests. ribopattern analysis and plasmid profiles were used as genetic methods. the production of brown pigment on the furunculosis agar containing l-tyrosine divided the atypical oxidase-positive strains into two groups: pigment-producing (n = 35) and ac ...19979228690
[bacteremia for aeromonas sobria in a patient with cholecystitis]. 19979221025
sequence and expression of an eisenia-fetida-derived cdna clone that encodes the 40-kda fetidin antibacterial protein.fetidins are 40-kda and 45-kda hemolytic and antibacterial glycoproteins present in the coelomic fluid of the earthworm eisenia fetida andrei. by screening a cdna library with a polyclonal antifetidin serum, we have cloned a cdna that encoded the 40-kda fetidin. the clone contains an insert of 1.44 kb encoding a protein of 34 kda, which corresponds to the size of deglycosylated fetidins. the recombinant protein inhibits bacillus megaterium growth. restriction fragment polymorphisms were observed ...19979219536
metabolism of proteins and glycoproteins in tumour bearing mice treated with aeromonas l-asparaginase.l-asparaginase, isolated in our laboratory, from aeromonas had been found to be antileukaemic. in the present study, changes in the levels of proteins and glycoproteins in leukaemic mice and under treatment with aeromonas l-asparaginase have been compared. levels of protein bound hexose, fucose and sialic acid which were increased during leukaemia attained normal levels when treated with l-asparaginase. the increased blood urea level declined significantly during enzyme therapy. effects of l-asp ...19969219441
a monoclonal antibody reacts with maltose-binding protein of escherichia coli and related enteric bacteria.maltose-binding protein (mbp) encoded by male is essential for the energy-dependent translocation of maltose through the cytoplasmic membrane of bacteria. its property of specific binding to maltose has been used in constructing fusion proteins for easy affinity purification. a monoclonal antibody named mab sc1d7 was produced against escherichia coli mbp. this mab also bound to mbp-containing recombinant proteins in both western blotting and immunoprecipitation analysis. as a result, this mab ca ...19979212834
pathogenic analysis of aeromonas hydrophila septicemia.aeromonas hydrophila has emerged as a potential pathogen in the immunocompromised host. various aeromonal infections, including septicemia, have also been reported in apparently healthy individuals. for years, researchers have disagreed over the epidemiologic roles of aeromonads in gastroenteritis. isolation rates of aeromonads by stool culture among patients with gastroenteritis are not consistently high. carriers of this bacterium also exist. the septicemic course is, however, often fulminant ...19979210970
[purification and characterization of s-layer protein from aeromonas hydrophila].the regular surface protein array (s-layer) present on aeromonas hydrophila j-1 was composed of a single species of protein of apparent molecular weight 51500. this protein was extracted from whole cells by treatment with 0.2 mol/l glycine hydrocholoide (ph4.0). the protein was purified by sephadex g-200 gel filtration chromatography and an ion exchange chromatography on deae-cellulose. amino acid composition analysis showed that the protein contained 36.8% hydrophobic amino acids. but the prote ...19969206273
antidiarrhoeal activities of ocimum gratissimum (lamiaceae).the antidiarrhoeal activities of leaf extracts of ocimum gratissimum were investigated by disc diffusion and tube dilution methods. the extracts were active against aeromonas sobria, escherichia coli, plesiomonas shigelloides, salmonella typhi, and shigella dysenteriae. the leaf extracts were most active against s. dysenteriae and least active against s. typhi. the sensitivity of the organisms measured in terms of zone of inhibition ranged from 8.00 to 19.50 mm. the minimum inhibitory concentrat ...19969203793
production of haemolysin and enterotoxin by aeromonas jandaei and aeromonas trota strains after animal passage.five aeromonas jandaei and 12 aeromonas trota isolates were tested for the production of haemolysin and enterotoxin, and the correlation between these two properties. the majority (10 isolates) of the strains produced beta-haemolysis. the titres of haemolytic activity for both species were 8-64 hu/ml. in the initial ileal loop test, only two (a. trota) of the 17 isolates produced enterotoxin. one each of these 2 a. trota strains was beta-haemolytic and non-haemolytic. the remaining isolates of a ...19969203791
antibiotic resistance and plasmid profile of aeromonas hydrophila isolates from cultured fish, telapia (telapia mossambica).strains of aeromonas hydrophila isolates from skin lesions of the common freshwater fish, telapia mossambica, were screened for the presence of plasmid dna by agarose gel electrophoresis and tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobial agents. of the 21 fish isolates examined, all were resistant to ampicillin and sensitive to gentamycin. most isolates were resistant to streptomycin (57%), tetracycline (48%) and erythromycin (43%). while seven of 21 isolates harboured plasmids, with sizes rangin ...19979203404
changes in selected aspects of immune function in the leopard frog, rana pipiens, associated with exposure to cold.the effect of exposure to low temperatures (5 degrees c) on lymphocyte proliferation, leukocyte populations, and serum complement levels was examined in the northern leopard frog, rana pipiens. proliferation of t lymphocytes in response to phytohemagglutinin stimulation was significantly decreased in frogs kept for 2, 3, and 5 months at 5 degrees c compared to that of animals kept at 22 degrees c. a significant increase in the average percentage of neutrophils and a decrease in the mean percenta ...19979203367
identification of aeromonas clinical isolates by restriction fragment length polymorphism of pcr-amplified 16s rrna genes.identification of aeromonas species, emergent pathogens for humans, has long been controversial due to their phenotypic and genomic heterogeneities. computer analysis of the published 16s rrna gene sequences revealed that restriction fragment length polymorphism of the pcr-amplified 16s rrna gene is a good and rapid way of assessing the identities of all known species of aeromonas. the method was evaluated with the reference strains of all species (or dna homology groups) and 76 clinical isolate ...19979196171
purification and characterization of lipase from aeromonas sobria lp004.lipase from aeromonas sobria lp004, isolated from raw milk, was purified and characterized. the lipase was purified 10.29 fold to a homogeneous state by ultrafiltration and column chromatography on phenyl sepharose. the molecular weight of the lipase determined by sds-page was 97 kda. purified a. sobria lp004 lipase exhibited the maximum activity at ph 6.0 and 45 degrees c and was stable under alkaline conditions (ph 6.5-10.0) and at temperatures lower than 40 degrees c. this lipase could be cla ...19979195755
adherence and invasion of aeromonas caviae to monolayer cells. adherence and invasion of aeromonas caviae. 19979192016
enteropathogens associated with diarrhea among military personnel during operation bright star 96, in alexandria, egypt.this study investigated the microbial causes of diarrheal disease among u.s. troops deployed near alexandria, egypt, during october 1995. bacterial causes associated with 19 cases of diarrhea included: enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), 42% (21% heat-stable, 11% heat-labile, and 11% heat-stable/ heat-labile producers); enteropathogenic e. coli (5.3%); and enteroadherent e. coli (42%). four cases of diarrhea were associated with enteroaggregative e. coli based on probe analysis for enteroag ...19979183160
enzyme kinetics and biochemical analysis of imis, the metallo-beta-lactamase from aeromonas sobria 163a.the metallo-beta-lactamase from aeromonas sobria 163a, imis, was isolated in a two stage purification procedure using protein affinity columns. enzyme kinetics show that imis hydrolyses the carbapenems but displays poor activity against other beta-lactams. imis possesses the narrowest spectrum of activity of the group 3 enzymes that have been analysed. sequencing of the 40 n-terminal amino acids show this region to be identical to that of the cpha metallo-beta-lactamase from aeromonas hydrophila ...19969182099
pril-ampicillin-dextrin-ethanol agar for the isolation and quantification of aeromonas spp. from polluted environmental waters.several selective media were evaluated for their suitability for the isolation and quantification of mesophilic aeromonas species from naturally polluted samples. satisfactory recoveries were obtained with most of them but only when densities of background microflora were low. when analysed samples were from highly polluted waters, results were inconsistent because they did not give quantitative recovery of mesophilic aeromonads or they did not permit ready differentiation of aeromonas species f ...19979172397
identification of a second endogenous porphyromonas gingivalis insertion element.in this study a second endogenous porphyromonas gingivalis insertion element (is element) that is capable of transposition within p. gingivalis was identified. nucleotide sequence analysis of the tn4351 insertion site in a p. gingivalis tn4351-generated transconjugant showed that a complete copy of the previously unidentified is element, designated pgis2, had inserted into is4351r in tn4351. pgis2 is 1,207 bp in length with 19-bp imperfect terminal inverted repeats, and insertion resulted in a d ...19979171437
l-allo-threonine aldolase from aeromonas jandaei dk-39: gene cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and identification of the pyridoxal 5'-phosphate-binding lysine residue by site-directed mutagenesis.we have isolated the gene encoding l-allo-threonine aldolase (l-allo-ta) from aeromonas jandaei dk-39, a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme that stereospecifically catalyzes the interconversion of l-allo-threonine and glycine. the gene contains an open reading frame consisting of 1,014 nucleotides corresponding to 338 amino acid residues. the protein molecular weight was estimated to be 36,294, which is in good agreement with the subunit molecular weight of the enzyme determined by po ...19979171400
cloning and characterization of two immunophilin-like genes, ilpa and fkpa, on a single 3.9-kilobase fragment of aeromonas hydrophila genomic dna.antiserum to aeromonas hydrophila a6 cell envelopes was shown in a previous study (c. y. f. wong, g. mayrhofer, m. w. heuzenroeder, h. m. atkinson, d. m. quinn, and r. l. p. flower, fems immunol. med. microbiol. 15:233-241, 1996) to protect mice against lethal infection by this organism. in this study, colony blot analysis of an a. hydrophila genomic library using antiserum to a. hydrophila a6 cell envelopes revealed a cosmid clone expressing a 30-kda protein which has not been described previou ...19979171380
complement resistance of capsulated strains of aeromonas salmonicida.the complement resistance of aeromonas salmonicida strains grown under conditions promoting capsule formation was investigated using well characterized strains and their isogenic mutants. complement resistance was previously studied using the same strains growing under non-capsulating conditions. the serum resistant strains were found to activate complement, but rapidly degrade c3b preventing productive formation of the lytic complex c5b-9. isogenic lipopolysaccharide rough mutants grown under n ...19979160301
a transferable multiple drug resistance plasmid from vibrio cholerae o1.ten multiple antimicrobial-resistant isolates of vibrio cholerae o1 isolated from patients in uganda were characterized, and the transferability of resistance to bacteria of diverse origins was investigated. the isolates were toxigenic and belonged to biotype e1 tor, serotype ogawa, and ribotype 8, and possessed a 130-mda plasmid of incompatibility group 6-c. this plasmid, designated prvc1, was shown to confer resistance to trimethoprim (mediated by a dhfri gene), sulfonamides (a suii gene), tet ...19959158776
diffusion of carbapenems through the outer membrane of enterobacteriaceae and correlation of their activities with their periplasmic concentrations.scarce information is available on the real mechanism by which carbapenemes penetrate in enterobacteriaceae, although a considerable amount of evidence suggests that in many species of this family the lack of certain outer membrane proteins is associated with the acquisition of resistance to these antibiotics. the existance of specific pathways for the carbapenems has never been demonstrated, although at times it has been postulated in both wild and mutant strains, on the basis of evident discor ...19969158772
overproduction and purification of the aeromonas hydrophila cpha metallo-beta-lactamase expressed in escherichia coli.the aeromonas hydrophila cpha metallo-beta-lactamase was overexpressed in a soluble secreted form in escherichia coli using a t7 rna polymerase-based expression system, and a simple protocol based on a single cation-exchange chromatographic step was developed, which is suitable for rapid purification of the overexpressed enzyme from e. coli lysates. a yield of up to 30 micrograms of purified enzyme per milliliter of culture was obtained. the purified enzyme preparation showed properties identica ...19969158768
the aeromonas metallo-beta-lactamases: genetics, enzymology, and contribution to drug resistance.aeromonads are environmental microorganisms that can be responsible for both human and animal infections. individual aeromonas strains can produce up to three different, inducible, chromosomally encoded beta-lactamases, including a group 1 molecular class c cephalosporinase, a group 2d molecular class d penicillinase, and a group 3 molecular class b metallo-beta-lactamase, which contribute to beta-lactam resistance in members of this genus. among these enzymes, the metallo-beta-lactamases are cl ...19969158767
the effect of temperature and water quality on antibody response to aeromonas salmonicida in sunshine bass (morone chrysops x morone saxatilis).the kinetics of the antibody response to aeromonas salmonicida were determined in sunshine bass (hybrid striped bass: female morone chrysops x male morone saxatilis) acclimated to 10, 18, 24, 29 degrees c, and to 0.15 mg 1(-1) un-ionized ammonia and 200 mg 1(-1) nitrate levels. temperature and water quality factors affected the immune response of sunshine bass. temperatures of 10 degrees c and 18 degrees c decreased the magnitude and delayed the time of the antibody response to a. salmonicida. t ...19969157680
[studies on enrichment broth for verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157].growth of verotoxin-producing escherichia coli (vtec) o157 in conventionally recommended pre-enrichment broth media at different temperatures was evaluated. in addition, sensitivity of vtec o157 isolates to several antibacterial drugs, which were added to the selective enrichment broth, was tested. all five isolates of vtec o157 tested grew well in trypticase soy broth (tsb) at 36 degrees c and 42 degrees c, while the growth of one isolate was markedly suppressed in tsb supplemented with cefixim ...19979155207
[recent knowledge on fish pathogenic bacteria aeromonas salmonicida, listonella anguillara and cytophaga columnaris, and their virulence factors]. 19979155200
infections after shark attacks in australia. 19979154554
evaluation of caribbean strains of macrocyclops and mesocyclops (cyclopoida:cyclopidae) as biological control tools for the dengue vector aedes aegypti.fifteen caribbean strains of copepods were assessed for their predation ability against mosquito larvae. macrocyclops albidus from nariva. mesocyclops aspericornis from oropouche, and mesocyclops longisetus from e1 socorro, trinidad, were most effective against aedes aegypti but not against culex quinquefasciatus. mesocyclops longisetus and me. aspericornis prevented any mosquito survival over 25 wk of observation despite weekly challenges with ae. aegypti. the copepods were tolerant to dosages ...19979152870
the gly1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae encodes a low-specific l-threonine aldolase that catalyzes cleavage of l-allo-threonine and l-threonine to glycine--expression of the gene in escherichia coli and purification and characterization of the enzyme.the gly1 gene of saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for the biosynthesis of glycine for cell growth [mcneil, j. b., mcintosh, e. v., taylor, b. v., zhang, f-r., tang, s. & bognar, a. l. (1994) j. biol. chem. 269, 9155-9165], but its gene product has not been identified. we have found that the gly1 protein is similar in primary structure to l-allo-threonine aldolase of aeromonas jandiae dk-39, which stereospecifically catalyzes the interconversion of l-allo-threonine and glycine. the gly1 gene ...19979151955
the disulfide bond in the aeromonas hydrophila lipase/acyltransferase stabilizes the structure but is not required for secretion or activity.vibrio and aeromonas spp. secrete an unusual 35-kda lipase that shares several properties with mammalian lecithin-cholesterol acyltransferase. the aeromonas hydrophila lipase contains two cysteine residues that form an intramolecular disulfide bridge. here we show that changing either of the cysteines to serine does not reduce enzymatic activity, indicating that the disulfide bond is not required for correct folding. however, when either of the cysteines is replaced, the enzyme is more readily d ...19979150203
the species composition of oligotrophic bacterial communities of lake balaton--a numerical analysis.from among the 565 aerobic and facultatively anaerobic, oligotrophic bacterial isolated obtained from the open water region of the balatonfüred-bay, 58 representative strains were selected for detailed taxonomic-physiological studies and numerical analyses as well as simultaneous comparisons with authentic bacterial strains isolated earlier by langó (1987) from different water habitat of the lake balaton. on the basis of 186 ceded differential diagnostic characteristics involved in these analyse ...19969147724
[conjunctivitis caused by aeromonas hydrophila]. 19979147511
aeromonas bacteremia in patients with hematologic diseases.over a 23-year period, 17 patients with hematologic diseases developed aeromonas bacteremia while in our hematology ward. male predominance (14 patients, 82%) was seen, with a predilection for the elderly. hematologic malignancies, especially acute leukemia, accounted for 15 (88%) of all patients. cancer chemotherapy and neutropenia (15 patients each) were the most common preceding host conditions. aeromonas bacteremia generally occurred in the second half of the year (july-december), with no ex ...19979144007
enteropathogenicity of aeromonas jandaei and a. trota.an experimental study of five isolates of aeromonas jandaei and 12 of a. trota was carried out to examine if they produced an enterotoxic substance, and if so, to characterise that factor and to see if it caused any mucosal damage. only two of the a. trota strains caused fluid accumulation in the initial rabbit ileal loop (ril) tests. the remaining strains did so only after one to five sequential passages through rils and once they caused a secretory response they showed a gradual enhancement of ...19979143882
plasmids and aeromonas virulence.most putative virulence determinants of aeromonas species are chromosomally encoded. however, several recent reports have indicated that some may be carried on or regulated by plasmids. therefore, we examined the plasmid carriage rate of a total of 140 clinical and environmental aeromonas isolates. plasmid carriage was compared with the ability of an isolate to produce toxins and adhere to hep-2 cells. overall, plasmid incidence in aeromonas species was low (23/140, 16%) and independent of the s ...19979143879
in vivo production of a-protein, lipopolysaccharide, iron-regulated outer membrane proteins and 70-kda serine protease by aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida.using specific immunostaining of western blots, the in vivo expression of several putative virulence factors of aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida was demonstrated in infected muscle tissue of atlantic salmon and rainbow trout. three virulent isolates of a. salmonicida were used. one isolate was chosen because in vitro it was apparently a non-producer of the 70-kda serine protease. infected furuncle tissue was centrifuged and samples of the pellet and supernatant probed for evidence that t ...19979141656
[aeromonas hydrophila bone infection]. 19979137396
rapid and sensitive method for the detection of aeromonas caviae and aeromonas trota by polymerase chain reaction.a 16s rdna-based polymerase chain reaction (pcr) method was developed for the detection of aeromonas caviae and aeromonas trota. these two species were identified from other aeromonas spp. and closely related species by primers set (aer1 and aer2). the amplified product was 316 bp. the identity of the amplified product was confirmed by dna-dna hybridization. two sets of primers (aer8 and aer9) were used for specific identification of aer. caviae. amplifying the 260 bp fragment of 16s rrna gene r ...19979134769
application of a colorimetric dna-dna hybridization method for identification of aeromonas genomic species, isolated from diarrheal stools.the colorimetric dna-dna hybridization method for the identification of 18 strains of aeromonas spp. isolated from human stools was used. bacterial isolates were also examined by phenotypic characteristics. on the basis of biochemical tests 13 strains were included in phenogroup a. caviae and 5 strains in a. sobria. identification to the species level was obtained by colorimetric hybridization method. dna-dna similarity values showed that isolates of a. caviae group belong to hybridization group ...19969131804
[piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of abdominal sepsis in patients with peritonitis].piperacillin/tazobactam (p/t) was used in the treatment of 40 patients at the age of 22 to 64 years with intraabdominal infection (peritonitis, abscesses). p/t was administered as 30-minute intravenous infusions 4 or 3 times a day for 3 to 13 days. the recovery and improvement were stated in 80 and 10 per cent of the cases respectively. in 10 per cent of the patients the treatment failed because of surgical complications or insufficient surgical intervention or because of some other systemic dis ...19979124988
effects of modified atmosphere and vacuum packaging on the growth of spoilage and inoculated pathogenic bacteria on fresh poultry.fresh chicken breast meats inoculated with yersinia enterocolitica and aeromonas hydrophila were packaged in glass jars either containing different compositions of modified atmospheres (ma) (100% co2; 80% co2/20% n2), or in vacuo or containing air, and were stored at 3 +/- 1 degrees c and 8 +/- 1 degrees c. the changes in gas composition as well as y. enterocolitica, a. hydrophila, total aerobic bacterial, total psychotropic, lactobacilli and enterobacteriaceae counts were determined after 0, 1, ...19969123970
influence of osmolarity on lipopolysaccharides and virulence of aeromonas hydrophila serotype o:34 strains grown at 37 degrees c.growth of aeromonas hydrophila serotype o:34 strains at 37 degrees c at low and high osmolarity resulted in changes in the lipopolysaccharide (lps) and virulence of the strains tested. we previously described the effect of growth temperature on lps and virulence of these strains (s. merino et al., infect. immun. 60:4343-4349, 1992). the effect of osmolarity can be observed when the cells grow at 37 degrees c but not when they grow at 20 degrees c. purified lps from cells cultivated at 37 degrees ...19979119458
the glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored surface glycoprotein thy-1 is a receptor for the channel-forming toxin aerolysin.aerolysin is a channel-forming protein secreted by virulent aeromonas spp. some eucaryotic cells, including t-lymphocytes, are sensitive to very low concentrations of the toxin (<10(-9) m). here we show that aerolysin binds selectively and with high affinity to the glycosylphosphatidylinositol (gpi)-anchored surface protein thy-1, which is found on t-lymphocyte populations as well as in brain. less than 1 ng of purified thy-1 could be detected by probing western blots with the toxin. mutant t-ce ...19979115289
fatal myofascial necrosis due to imipenem-resistant aeromonas hydrophila.we report the case of a fatal myofascial necrosis caused by an imipenem-resistant aeromonas hydrophila in a patient with a history of aplastic anemia. he presented with fever and left thigh tenderness. the ct scan was consistent with cellulitis and, after cultures were obtained, empirical treatment with imipenem and amikacin was started. two days later, necrotic bullae appeared on his thigh, and cultures showed aeromonas hydrophila which was imipenem-resistant. although surgical debridement was ...19979112306
studies on the energetics of proaerolysin secretion across the outer membrane of aeromonas species. evidence for a requirement for both the protonmotive force and atp.aeromonas spp. secrete the channel-forming protein proaerolysin across their inner and outer membranes in separate steps using the general secretion pathway. here we show that treating a. hydrophila or a. salmonicida with the protonophore carbonyl cyanide m-chorophenyl hydrazone blocks the second step in transport, secretion across the outer membrane from the periplasm, under conditions where the atp levels in the cell are no different than the levels in control, secreting cells. a threshold for ...19979111006
pathophysiologic plasma levels of leukotriene c4 in relation to the hemodynamic dysfunction and mediator release of graded bacteremia.this study was undertaken to identify those events of bacteremic shock that pathophysiologic levels of leukotriene c4 (ltc4) alone were sufficient to cause. sixteen adult swine were studied for 4 h in three groups: anes (n = 6) received anesthesia only; septic (n = 6) received aeromonas hydrophila, 10(9)/ml, intravenously, increased incrementally from .2 to 4.0 ml/kg/h; ltc4 (n = 4) received ltc4 infused intravenously, at rates that approximated ltc4 levels of septic animals. measurements includ ...19979110414
mechanistic studies on the aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolytica: a two-metal ion mechanism for peptide hydrolysis.the aminopeptidase from aeromonas proteolytica (aap) is uncompetitively inhibited by fluoride ion at ph 8.0 with an inhibition constant (ki) of 30 mm. thus, fluoride inactivates aap only after substrate binding, and only a single fluoride ion binds to aap. on the other hand, chloride ion does not inhibit aap up to concentrations of 2 m at ph 8.0. the ph dependence of fluoride inhibition of aap was measured over the ph range 6.0-9.5. between ph values of 6.0 and 9.0, fluoride ion acts as a pure u ...19979100023
transcription analysis of the staphylococcus aureus gene encoding penicillin-binding protein 4.the high level of cross-linking found in staphylococcus aureus peptidoglycan is dependent on the low-molecular-weight penicillin-binding protein pbp4. recently, the pbp4 gene, pbpd, was cloned and shown to be adjacent to and divergently transcribed relative to the putative abc-type transporter gene, abca. disruption of abca (in strain kb400) was previously shown to result in heightened resistance to several antibiotics known to interact with pbp4, suggesting that the regulation of pbpd is affect ...19979098064
[severe acute gastroenteritis due to aeromonas in a patient colectomized for crohn's disease].we report a case of severe acute diarrhoea produced by aeromonas sobria, a specimen with controversial human pathogenicity. a 26-year-old man with crohn's disease previously colectomized was admitted with a cholera-like clinical presentation and renal failure. aeromonas sp. can be isolated in both children and adults and in healthy people, a. hydrophila being most often detected. severe infections due to other aeromonas sp., usually a. sobria and a. caviae, have been rarely described. most patie ...19979090982
sensitivity of aeromonas hydrophila carbapenemase to delta3-cephems: comparative study with other metallo-beta-lactamases.ceftriaxone and ceftriaxone s-oxide behaved as inactivators against the metallo-beta-lactamase of aeromonas hydrophila ae036 and as substrates for the zinc beta-lactamase produced by bacillus cereus (569/h/9) and stenotrophomonas maltophilia ula 511. moreover, ro 09-1428, a catechol-cephalosporin, was not recognized by the a. hydrophila enzyme. panipenem, cephalosporin c, cephalosporin c-gamma-lactone, and loracarbef were substrates for the three studied beta-lactamases.19979087509
molecular analysis and expression of the extracellular lipase of aeromonas hydrophila mcc-2.the structural gene encoding the extracellular lipase of aeromonas hydrophila mcc-2 was cloned and found to be expressed in escherichia coli using its own promoter. when the cloned gene (lip) was expressed in e. coli minicells, an 80 kda protein was identified. subcellular fractionation of e. coli carrying the lip gene indicated that the lip protein was mainly associated with the membrane fraction. nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the gene is 2253 bp long, coding for a 79-9 kda protein ...19979084164
crystal structure of carboxypeptidase g2, a bacterial enzyme with applications in cancer therapy.carboxypeptidase g enzymes hydrolyze the c-terminal glutamate moiety from folic acid and its analogues, such as methotrexate. the enzyme studied here, carboxypeptidase g2 (cpg2), is a dimeric zinc-dependent exopeptidase produced by pseudomonas sp. strain rs-16. cpg2 has applications in cancer therapy: following its administration as an immunoconjugate, in which cpg2 is linked to an antibody to a tumour-specific antigen, it can enzymatically convert subsequently administered inactive prodrugs to ...19979083113
hydroxylamine oxidation in heterotrophic nitrate-reducing soil bacteria and purification of a hydroxylamine-cytochrome c oxidoreductase from a pseudomonas species.hydroxylamine oxidation was measured in four recently isolated heterotrophic nitrate-reducing bacteria belonging to the genera pseudomonas, moraxella, arthrobacter and aeromonas. a hydroxylamine-cytochrome c oxidoreductase activity was detected in periplasmic fractions of the pseudomonas and aeromonas spp. and in total soluble fractions of the arthrobacter sp. a monomeric 19-kda non-haem iron hydroxylamine-cytochrome c oxidoreductase was purified from the pseudomonas species and shown to be simi ...19969082922
[isolation and characteristics of plasmids from aeromonas].fourteen out of fifty-two examined strains of aeromonas contain plasmids. one of them determines the resistance to tetracycline, streptomycin, and chloramphenicol. the pas30 plasmid, 53 t. n. p. in size, is capable of conjugative transfer to bacteria of different genera, which permits us to consider it a broad host range plasmid. using 12 restriction endonucleases, the physical map of the plasmid was plotted, on which the genes responsible for transporting functions and streptomycin resistance w ...19979082183
production of amylase by the intestinal microflora in cultured freshwater fish.the amylase-producing ability of the intestinal microflora in cultured specimens of ayu, carp, channel catfish, japanese eel and tilapia was determined. mean viable counts of aerobes and anaerobes ranged from 1.1 x 10(6) to 3.7 x 10(8) cfu g-1 and from 1.3 x 10(3) to 1.6 x 10(8) cfu g-1, respectively. aeromonas spp. and bacteroidaceae were predominant in four to five fish species. of 206 strains examined, 65 (31.6%) produced > or = 0.01 u amylase ml-1. the percentage of producers differed among ...19979081303
the aerobic growth of aeromonas hydrophila and listeria monocytogenes in broths and on pork.flasks of tryptic soy broth (tsb), unacidified (ph 7.2) or acidified with hcl or lactic acid to ph 6.3 or 5.5, and samples of sterile pork fat or muscle tissue, were inoculated with logarithmic phase cultures of a strain of aeromonas hydrophila or a strain of listeria monocytogenes. the broth cultures were incubated at temperatures between 0 and 25 degrees c, and growth rates were determined from optical density increases. the tissue samples were incubated at temperatures between -2.4 and 25.2 d ...19979081227
haemolytic activity of aeromonas species isolated in libya.twenty seven aeromonas strains (5a. hydrophila, 8a. sobria and 14a. caviae) isolated from children with diarrhoea and 34 aeromonas strains (9a. hydrophila, 7a. sobria an 18a. caviae) isolated from children without diarrhoea were tested from haemolysin production. the results obtained showed that haemolysin production using human, horse or sheep erythrocytes was significantly associated with a.hydrophila and a sobria but not with a.caviae, regardless of whether these strains were isolated from ch ...19959074783
behaviour of aeromonas spp. after animal passage. 19969070410
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