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design and recombinant expression of insulin-like peptide 5 precursors and the preparation of mature human insl5.insulin-like peptide 5 (insl5) is a recently identified insulin superfamily member. although it binds to and activates the g-protein coupled receptor, rxfp4, its precise biological function remains unknown. to help determine its function, significant quantities of insl5 are required. in the present work, three single-chain insl5 precursors were designed, two of which were successfully expressed in e. coli cells. the expressed precursors were solubilized from inclusion bodies, purified almost to ...201020383778
[cloning and molecular organization of the polyhydroxyalkanoic acid synthase gene (phac) of ralstonia eutropha strain b5786].class i polyhydroxyalkanoic acid (pha) synthase gene (phac) of ralstonia eutropha strain b5786 was cloned and characterized. r. eutropha b5786 features the ability to synthesize multicomponent phas with short- and medium-chain-length monomers from simple carbohydrate substrate. a correlation was made between the molecular structure of pha synthase and substrate specificity and the ability of strain-producers to accumulate phas of this or that structure. a strong similarity of pha synthase of r. ...201020391757
defensin of the zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha): molecular structure, in vitro expression, antimicrobial activity, and potential functions.a 409 bp full length defensin gene was cloned and sequenced based on an expressed sequence tag (est) obtained from a normalized zebra mussel (dreissena polymorpha) foot cdna library developed in our laboratory. the d. polymorpha defensin (dpd) gene encoded a peptide with 76 amino acid residues. the mature dpd contains 54 amino acids with a fully functional insect defensin a domain. homologue searching against genbank database suggested that this dpd was phylogenetically close to defensins from a ...201020537393
molecular cloning and characterization of alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha2-m) from the haemocytes of chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.alpha 2-macroglobulin (alpha2-m) is a large protein in blood and is able to inactivate a variety of proteinases in invertebrates and vertebrates. the alpha2-m gene was obtained from the chinese mitten crab, eriocheir sinensis, by the reverse transcript-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and the rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the alpha2-m cdna of e. sinensis contained 4851 bp with an open reading frame of 4371 bp, a 70 bp 5'-untranslated region, a 410 bp 3'-untranslated region, and thre ...201020394825
induction of beta-lactamase production in aeromonas hydrophila is responsive to beta-lactam-mediated changes in peptidoglycan composition.we have studied the mechanism by which beta-lactam challenge leads to beta-lactamase induction in aeromonas hydrophila through transposon-insertion mutagenesis. disruption of the dd-carboxypeptidases/endopeptidases, penicillin-binding protein 4 or blry leads to elevated monomer-disaccharide-pentapeptide levels in a. hydrophila peptidoglycan and concomitant overproduction of beta-lactamase through activation of the blrab two-component regulatory system. during beta-lactam challenge, monomer-disac ...201020430811
induced-fit mechanism for prolyl endopeptidase.prolyl peptidases cleave proteins at proline residues and are of importance for cancer, neurological function, and type ii diabetes. prolyl endopeptidase (pep) cleaves neuropeptides and is a drug target for neuropsychiatric diseases such as post-traumatic stress disorder, depression, and schizophrenia. previous structural analyses showing little differences between native and substrate-bound structures have suggested a lock-and-key catalytic mechanism. we now directly demonstrate from seven stru ...201020444688
derivation of rough attenuated variants from smooth virulent aeromonas hydrophila and their immunogenicity in fish.aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacteria associated with many disease conditions of aquatic animals. two rough attenuated variants were derived from two smooth virulent types of this bacterium by continuous passage separately in laboratory over a period of 8 years in brain-heart infusion agar. these variants were checked to be rough lipopolysaccharides (lps) types and attenuated since they neither produced any disease nor mortality in the injected fishes. the immunogenic potential of the ...201020457292
aeromonas hydrophila pepo outer membrane endopeptidase activates human big endothelin-3 in vitro and induces skin ulcer in goldfish (carassius auratus).in aeromonas hydrophila, the gram-negative bacterial fish pathogen, pepo constitutes the thermoregulated outer membrane m13 family zinc endopeptidase, which is expressed maximally at 16 degrees c and is down-regulated above 30 degrees c. cultivation of a. hydrophila at 16 degrees c enabled it to activate big endothelin (et), the vasoconstrictor and ulcerogenic peptide naturally secreted from human vascular endothelial cell (huvec) culture. furthermore, a. hydrophila pepo in vitro shows strong en ...201020456877
unraveling the mechanism of action of a new type iii secretion system effector aexu from aeromonas hydrophila.we recently characterized a t3ss effector, aexu, from a diarrheal isolate ssu of aeromonas hydrophila, which exhibited adp-ribosyltransferase (adprt) activity. here we provided evidence that aexu also possessed gtpase-activating protein (gap) activity, which was mainly responsible for host cell apoptosis and disruption of actin filaments. earlier, we showed that the deltaaexu null mutant was attenuated in a mouse model, and we now demonstrated that while the parental a. hydrophila strain could b ...201020553837
infection-induced changes in expression of antibacterial and cytokine genes in the gill epithelial cells of atlantic cod, gadus morhua during incubation with bacterial pathogens.the molecular processes of immune responses in mucosal tissues, such as the gills, during infection with bacterial pathogens are poorly understood. in the present study, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of selected antibacterial genes and cytokines in the gills of a cold-water fish, atlantic cod, gadus morhua following in vitro infection with bacterial pathogens, vibrio anguillarum and atypical aeromonas salmonicida using semi-quantitative rt-pcr. there was significant upregulation in th ...201020430108
effects of hot-water extract of toona sinensis on immune response and resistance to aeromonas hydrophila in oreochromis mossambicus.respiratory burst, lysozyme and phagocytic activities, and immunoglobulin levels in response to the pathogen aeromonas hydrophila were examined in tilapia (oreochromis mossanbicus, 10.65 +/- 2.5 g) injected individually with hot-water extract of toona sinensis at 4 or 8 microg g(-1). tilapia receiving the hot-water extract of t. sinensis at either dose had significantly increased respiratory burst, phagocytic activity and lysozyme activity towards a. hydrophila by 1 and 2 days post injection. no ...201020457260
the eye fly siphunculina funicola (diptera: chloropidae) as a carrier of pathogenic bacteria in thailand.the oriental eye fly siphunculina funicola (1.0-1.6 mm) is extremely annoying to humans and domestic animals, feeding on mucous membranes, secretions, wounds, eyes, and other moist surfaces of the host body. in many rural areas of thailand heavy populations of this fly prevail where they aggregate on a variety of hanging substrates, such as strings, nest trailings, electrical lines, decorations, ropes, cob webs, clothes hangers, automobile radio antennae and other items in open shade close to th ...201020578483
detection of type iii secretion system genes in aeromonas hydrophila and their relationship with virulence in nile tilapia.the goals of this study were to develop a pcr technique to detect ascv and aopb genes from the type iii secretion system (t3ss), to evaluate the frequency of these genes in aeromonas hydrophila strains isolated from diseased fish and from aquaculture environments, and to determine the relationship between the presence of these genes and virulence of a. hydrophila in nile tilapia. the pcr assay developed here successfully detected the target genes, showing three different profiles for the strains ...201020185253
comonomer compositional distribution, physical properties, and enzymatic degradability of bacterial poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate) copolyesters.poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxy-4-methylvalerate) (p(3hb-co-3h4mv)) was synthesized by using ralstonia eutropha strain phb(-)4 (pha-negative mutant) harboring with the n149s/d171g double mutation of pha synthase gene from aeromonas caviae (phac(ac) nsdg mutant) with 4-methylvaleric acid and fructose as the carbon sources. because the microbially synthesized p(3hb-co-3h4mv) samples were found to have broad comonomer compositional distribution, p(3hb-co-3h4mv) samples with 3h4mv content of 7, ...201020441146
validation of a partial rpob gene sequence as a tool for phylogenetic identification of aeromonads isolated from environmental sources.a collection of 50 aeromonads isolated from environmental sources were studied, together with all known aeromonas nomenspecies, by phenotypic, amplified 16s rdna restriction analysis (16s rdna rflp) and by partial sequence alignment of both 16s rdna and rpob genes. although most of the type strain showed a unique phenotypic pattern, a database constructed on type strain phenotype allowed the identification of only 24% of the isolates. analysis of 16s rdna rflp and the rpob sequence were almost c ...201020453908
echinacea purpurea and allium sativum as immunostimulants in fish culture using nile tilapia (oreochromis niloticus).the study was conducted to evaluate the efficiency of echinacea (e) and garlic (g) supplemented diets as immunostimulant for tilapia (oreochromis niloticus). seven treatments were designed including a control (c). fish were fed on 35% protein diet at a rate of 3% body weight per day. echinacea (1.0 ppt) and garlic (3%) were incorporated in the feed, which was administered for periods of 1, 2 and 3 months (summer season), followed by basal diet for 4 more months (winter season). neutrophil adhere ...201020455962
investigation of mineral water springs of miercurea ciuc (csíkszereda) region (romania) with cultivation-dependent microbiological methods.water samples of ten mineral water springs at miercurea ciuc (csíkszereda) region (romania) were examined during 2005-2006 using cultivation-dependent microbiological methods. the results of standard hygienic bacteriological tests showed that the hargita spring had perfect and five other springs had microbiologically acceptable water quality (zsögöd-, nagy-borvíz-, taploca-, szentegyháza- and lobogó springs). the water of borsáros spring was exceptionable (high germ count, presence of enterococc ...201020587384
bacterial pathogens associated with bloody diarrhea in uruguayan children.diarrheal disease continues to be a serious health problem, especially in developing countries. bloody diarrhea represents approximately 20-30% of all cases and has higher morbidity and mortality. treatment with antibiotics is beneficial in cases of shigella, campylobacter, yersinia and salmonella infection, principally in those children with a higher risk of invasive disease. the aims of this study were to detect the bacterial agents associated with bloody diarrhea in children and to determine ...201020589332
immunoproteomics of extracellular proteins of the aeromonas hydrophila china vaccine strain j-1 reveal a highly immunoreactive outer membrane protein.aeromonas hydrophila is a gram-negative bacterium that can infect a variety of aquatic and terrestrial animals. it is essential to develop a vaccine to reduce the economic losses caused by this bacterium in aquaculture worldwide. here, an immunoproteomic assay was used to identify the immunogenic extracellular proteins of the chinese vaccine strain j-1. ten unique immunogenic proteins were identified from the two-dimensional electrophoresis immunoblot profiles by matrix-assisted laser desorption ...201020459508
isolation of bdellovibrio as biological therapeutic agents used for the treatment of aeromonas hydrophila infection in fish.fourteen strains of bdellovibrio-like organisms were isolated from cultured fish ponds using aeromonas hydrophila j-1 as host, one of them formed large plaques after 48 h of incubation at 28 degrees c on a double layer plate, designated as bdellovibrio c-1. the bdellovibrio was confirmed by electron microscopy and pcr amplification of bdellovibrio-specific 16s rdna. the optimum temperature for the growth of bdc-1 was between 15-37 degrees c and with optimal activity at temperatures of 25-30 degr ...201019486499
burn wounds infected by contaminated water: case reports, review of the literature and recommendations for treatment.first-aid education for the management of burns advocates cool running water over burnt skin to limit soft tissue damage. however, the water used may itself constitute a risk. we report three cases of severe invasive and necrotizing infection in patients who used or immersed themselves in contaminated water in an attempt to extinguish the fire following acute major burns. wound cultures from all patients yielded aeromonas hydrophila and two yielded bacillus cereus. one patient had a complex poly ...201019501977
use of bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps) as an immunostimulant for the control of aeromonas hydrophila infections in rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).to determine the effect of lipopolysaccharide (lps) for the prevention of infection by aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss walbaum) fingerlings.201019674184
aeromonas and pseudomonas: antibiotic and heavy metal resistance species from iskenderun bay, turkey (northeast mediterranean sea).we studied the susceptibility patterns to 15 different antibiotics and six heavy metals in aeromonas spp. and pseudomonas spp. isolated from iskenderun bay, turkey (northeast mediterranean sea). a high percentage of aeromonas isolates showed resistance to cefazolin (66.6%) and trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole (66.6%). amongst the pseudomonas isolates, there was a high incidence of resistance to nitrofurantoin (86.2%), cefazolin (84.8%) and cefuroxime (71.7%). most isolates showed tolerance to diff ...201019551480
arsenic detoxification potential of aox genes in arsenite-oxidizing bacteria isolated from natural and constructed wetlands in the republic of korea.arsenic is subject to microbial interactions, which support a wide range of biogeochemical transformations of elements in natural environments such as wetlands. the arsenic detoxification potential of the bacterial strains was investigated with the arsenite oxidation gene, aox genotype, which were isolated from the natural and constructed wetlands. the isolates were able to grow in the presence of 10 mm of sodium arsenite (as(iii) as naaso(2)) and 1 mm of d: +glucose. phylogenetic analysis based ...201019548094
elimination of symbiotic aeromonas spp. from the intestinal tract of the medicinal leech, hirudo medicinalis, using ciprofloxacin feeding.the use of the medicinal leech (hirudo medicinalis) in promoting venous drainage in tissues whose vitality is threatened by venous congestion and obstruction, especially in plastic and reconstructive surgery, has been complicated by infections caused by aeromonas spp. these are leech endosymbionts for which patients undergoing hirudotherapy frequently receive systemic chemoprophylaxis. in order to evaluate the possibility of rendering leeches safe for use on patients, h. medicinalis were fed art ...201019523050
molecular cloning and expression analysis of the liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (leap-2) gene in grass carp.liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (leap-2) is a novel antimicrobial peptide (amp) recently found in vertebrates, and exhibits distinct amino acid sequence, secondary structure and expression pattern from other peptides. in this study, the leap-2 gene and its full-length cdna were cloned from grass carp. grass carp leap-2 gene consists of two introns and three exons. the translated product contains 92 amino acids, including a 26 amino acids signal peptide and a mature peptide of 41 amino ac ...201019716607
an experimental vaccine against aeromonas hydrophila can induce protection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).a candidate vaccine against aeromonas hydrophila in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, was developed using a bacterial lysate. to test the strength of protection, a. hydrophila challenge models were compared using injection into both the intraperitoneal (ip) cavity and the dorsal sinus (ds) with selected doses of live bacteria washed in saline or left untreated. unlike the ip route, injection into the ds with either saline washed or unwashed cells resulted in consistent cumulative mortality and ...201019732266
isolation of faecal coliform bacteria from the american alligator (alligator mississippiensis).to determine whether american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) are an unrecognized poikilothermic source of faecal coliform and/or potential pathogenic bacteria in south carolina's coastal waters.201019735329
[leech-borne infection on a tram flap: a case report].leeches are used worldwide to treat venous congestion of flaps. aeromonas hydrophila infections are recognized complications of leech use. we report a new case of delayed leech-borne infection in mammary reconstruction by a transverse rectus abdominis myocutaneous flap (tram), which caused the flap loss. the use of prophylactic antibiotics is a way to prevent a.hydrophila infection (third generation cephalosporin, ciprofloxacin). this antibioprophylaxy must be followed until wound closure of the ...201019674823
pcr-dgge-based methodologies to assess diversity and dynamics of aeromonas communities.aeromonas is ubiquitous in aquatic environments and may cause infectious diseases in fish and humans. however, reliable and specific methods to evaluate the diversity and dynamics of aeromonas populations are currently unavailable. this study aimed to develop pcr-dgge methodologies for culture-independent analysis of aeromonas populations in water systems.201019659697
aeromonas fluvialis sp. nov., isolated from a spanish river.a gram-stain-negative, facultatively anaerobic bacterial strain, designated 717(t), was isolated from a water sample collected from the muga river, girona, north-east spain. preliminary analysis of the 16s rrna gene sequence showed that this strain belonged to the genus aeromonas, the nearest species being aeromonas veronii (99.5 % similarity, with seven different nucleotides). a polyphasic study based on a multilocus phylogenetic analysis of five housekeeping genes (gyrb, rpod, reca, dnaj and g ...201019648345
characterization of a serine proteinase homologous (sph) in chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis.the serine protease homologous (sph) is an important cofactor of prophenoloxidase-activating enzyme (ppae). the gene of sph of chinese mitten crab eriocheir sinensis (essph) in hemocytes was cloned and characterized using reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). the sph cdna consisted of 1386 bp with an open reading frame (orf) encoded a protein of 378 amino acids, 154 bp 5'-untranslated region, and 95 bp 3'-untranslated region. sequence ...201019720078
phylogenetic identification of aeromonas simiae from a pig, first isolate since species description.the species aeromonas simiae was first described on the basis of two strains (cip 107798(t) and cip 107797) isolated from faeces of healthy monkeys (m. fascicularis) from mauritius, which were kept in quarantine in the centre for primatology, louis pasteur university, strasbourg, france. in the present study, during a survey to determine the prevalence of aeromonas at three different pig slaughterhouses at north of portugal, a single strain mdc2374 (out of 703 isolates) was identified as a. simi ...201019853388
identification and characterization of the first reptilian cd9, and its expression analysis in response to bacterial infection.in this study, a cd9 homologue in a reptile, chinese soft-shelled turtle, has been cloned and identified for the first time. the full-length cdna of turtle cd9 was 1146bp and contained a 672bp open reading frame (orf) coding for a protein of 224 amino acids. four transmembrane domains (tms) divided the turtle cd9 into several parts: short n-, c-termini, an intracellular loop and two (small and large) extracellular loops (sel and lel). a ccg motif, a potential n-linked glycosylation site and 10 c ...201019747940
gene cloning, expression, and characterization of recombinant aerolysin from aeromonas hydrophila.aerolysin is a significant virulent toxin protein secreted by aeromonas hydrophila; it produces deep wound infections and hemorrhagic septicemia. the complete aerolysin gene (1,482 bp) was amplified from a. hydrophila. furthermore, it was cloned and expressed into escherichia coli bl21(de3) codon plus rp cells using 0.5 mm iptg for induction. the protein size was 54 kda as estimated by sds-page, and it was purified by ni-nta affinity chromatography. anti-his antibodies were used to characterize ...201019763901
simultaneous differential detection of human pathogenic and nonpathogenic vibrio species using a multiplex pcr based on gyrb and pnta genes.to develop a multiplex pcr targeting the gyrb and pnta genes for vibrio species differentiation.201019891709
aeromonas taiwanensis sp. nov. and aeromonas sanarellii sp. nov., clinical species from taiwan.two clinical aeromonas strains (a2-50(t) and a2-67(t)) recovered from the wounds of two patients in taiwan could not be assigned to any known species of this genus based on their 16s rrna gene sequences, which showed similarities of 99.6-99.8 % to those of the type strains of aeromonas caviae, a. trota and a. aquariorum. the rpod phylogenetic tree allocated these strains to two novel and independent phylogenetic lines, the neighbouring species being a. caviae, the type strain of which showed 93. ...201019819994
cellular components of probiotics control yersinia ruckeri infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).subcellular components of the probiotics aeromonas sobria gc2 and bacillus subtilis jb-1, when administered to rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss, conferred protection against a new biogroup of yersinia ruckeri. thus, intraperitoneal or intramuscular injection of rainbow trout with cell wall proteins (cwps), outer membrane proteins (omps), lipopolysaccharides (lps), whole cell proteins (wcps) and live cells followed by challenge on day 8 with y. ruckeri led to 80-100% survival compared with 10% ...201019912460
salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium can detect acyl homoserine lactone production by yersinia enterocolitica in mice.luxr-type transcription factors detect acyl homoserine lactones (ahls) and are typically used by bacteria to determine the population density of their own species. escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium cannot synthesize ahls but can detect the ahls produced by other bacterial species using the luxr homolog, sdia. previously we determined that s. typhimurium did not detect ahls during transit through the gastrointestinal tract of a guinea pig, a rabbit, a cow, 5 mice, 6 pig ...201019820103
[necrotizing fasciitis caused by aeromonas hydrophila in an immunocompetent patient]. 201019822313
multiplex pcr method for detection of three aeromonas enterotoxin genes.a novel multiplex pcr method using three sets of specific primers was developed for the detection of the cytotoxic (act), heat-labile (alt), and heat-stable (ast) enterotoxin genes in aeromonas spp. this assay was used to characterize 35 reference strains as well as 537 food-borne isolates. a total of seven gene pattern combinations were encountered, including act, alt, act/alt, act/alt/ast, act/alt/148-bp amplicon, alt/ast, and alt/148-bp amplicon. the alt gene was detected with 34 reference st ...201019933350
beta2-microglobulin is involved in the immune response of large yellow croaker to aeromonas hydrophila: a proteomic based study.outbreaks of infectious diseases in cultured large yellow croaker have resulted in great economic losses. however, information regarding its immune defense is limited. in the present study, an approach by the combination of differential proteomics with est resource was applied for investigation of a profile of serum immune response by large yellow croaker to aeromonas hydrophila challenge after immunization and for characterizing of one of the targeted immune molecules. of the twelve altered pro ...201019837169
design and performance of a turbot (scophthalmus maximus) oligo-microarray based on ests from immune tissues.an expressed sequence tag database from immune tissues was used to design the first high-density turbot (scophthalmus maximus) oligo-microarray with the aim of identifying candidate genes for tolerance to pathogens. specific oligonucleotides (60 mers) were successfully designed for 2,716 out of 3,482 unique sequences of the database. an agilent custom oligo-microarray 8 x 15 k (five replicates/gene; eight microarrays/slide) was constructed. the performance of the microarray and the sources of va ...201019844759
aeromonas septicemia after medicinal leech use following replantation of severed digits.medicinal leeches are used to control venous congestion. aeromonas in the leech gut are essential for digestion of blood. this case report describes a patient who had aeromonas bacteremia develop after leeching. he had an injury to his hand that required replantation of his thumb. following the surgery, leech therapy was started with ampicillin-sulbactam prophylaxis. sepsis developed. blood cultures were positive for aeromonas that were resistant to ampicillin-sulbactam. the antibiotic was chang ...201019940254
in vitro effects on bacterial growth of phenoloxidase reaction products.an active phenoloxidase preparation from the freshwater crayfish pacifastacus leniusculus exhibited a strong antibacterial effect in vitro on the bacteria aeromonas hydrophila, escherichia coli, streptococcus pneumoniae whereas a weaker but still significant effect against bacillus cereus, pseudomonas aeruginosa and staphylococcus aureus. in most cases reduction of bacterial growth was stronger when dopamine was used as substrate as compared to l-dopa. the effect on bacteria was abolished if no ...201019808037
comparative study on characteristics of azo dye decolorization by indigenous decolorizers.this study provides a first attempt to explore indigenous strains with excellent decolorization capability from the most biodiverse region in taiwan for dye-bearing wastewater treatment. bacterial isolates were obtained via serial selections under selection pressure of the fungicide nystatin and model textile dye(s). according to profiles of protein expression and pcr-augmented 16s rrna gene analyses for strain identification, >99% of nucleotide sequences in isolated strains were identical to ty ...201019944603
transgenic zebrafish eggs containing bactericidal peptide is a novel food supplement enhancing resistance to pathogenic infection of fish.zebrafish (danio rerio) was used as a bioreactor to produce bovine lactoferricin (lfb), which has wide-ranging antimicrobial activity. we constructed an expression plasmid in which lfb was fused with green fluorescent protein (gfp) and driven by zebrafish beta-actin promoter. after microinjection, six transgenic founders were screened on the basis of gfp appearance. among them, a stable zbl-5 line was selected by the ubiquitous and strong expression of gfp. using pcr and western blot analysis, w ...201019944764
herbal supplementation diets on hematology and innate immunity in goldfish against aeromonas hydrophila.goldfish, carassius auratus (47 + or - 3 g, n = 300) were inoculated intramuscularly (50 microl) with aeromonas hydrophila (1.8 x 10(6) cells ml(-1)). on the 6th day of post-infection the fishes were divided into i) control, without infection fed with normal diet (c), ii) infected fish, fed with normal diet (iu), and infected fishes treated with different doses of iii) 100 mg kg(-1), iv) 200 mg kg(-1), iv) 400 mg kg(-1) and vi) 800 mg kg(-1) mixed herbal extracts supplementation diets. hematolog ...201019941960
responses of atlantic cod gadus morhua head kidney leukocytes to phytase produced by gastrointestinal-derived bacteria.this study identified phytase-producing bacteria that were previously isolated from the gastrointestinal tract of atlantic cod, gadus morhua and determined its effect on head kidney leukocytes. out of the 216 bacterial strains tested, the two phytase producers were identified as pseudomonas sp. and psychrobacter sp. based on their 16s rdna sequence. crude phytase from these two bacterial strains was produced employing the shake flask method. even though the total protein of the crude phytase was ...201019844802
antilisterial activity of a broad-spectrum bacteriocin, enterocin lr/6 from enterococcus faecium lr/6.enterocin lr/6, a purified bacteriocin, exhibited broad inhibitory spectrum both against related as well as some food-borne pathogens such as listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, aeromonas sp., shigella sp., and bacillus licheniformis. in this investigation, we have focused on l. monocytogenes as the target organism, as it is not only an important pathogen but can also survive over a wide range of environmental conditions such as refrigeration temperature, low ph, and high-salt conce ...201019957209
plasmid-mediated qnrs2 determinant in an aeromonas caviae isolate recovered from a patient with diarrhoea.a qnrs2 gene was identified in an aeromonas caviae isolate (mics of ciprofloxacin, norfloxacin and ofloxacin >32 mg/l) from a stool sample collected from a patient with gastroenteritis. the analysis of the gyra and parc genes revealed amino acid substitutions ser83-ile and ser80-thr, respectively. in addition, five out of 41 nalidixic acid-resistant aeromonas isolates studied (26 identified as aeromonas veronii bv sobria and 15 identified as a. caviae) showed ciprofloxacin resistance. the identi ...201019863591
glycan flexibility: insights into nanosecond dynamics from a microsecond molecular dynamics simulation explaining an unusual nuclear overhauser effect.an atomistic all-atom molecular dynamics simulation of the trisaccharide beta-d-manpnac-(1-->4)[alpha-d-glcp-(1-->3)]-alpha-l-rhap-ome with explicit solvent molecules has been carried out. the trisaccharide represents a model for the branching region of the o-chain polysaccharide of a strain from aeromonas salmonicida. the extensive md simulations having a 1-micros duration revealed a conformational dynamics process on the nanosecond time scale, that is, a 'time window' not extensively investiga ...201019962132
growth condition and bacterial community for maximum hydrolysis of suspended organic materials in anaerobic digestion of food waste-recycling wastewater.this paper reports the effects of changing ph (5-7) and temperature (t, 40-60 degrees c) on the efficiencies of bacterial hydrolysis of suspended organic matter (som) in wastewater from food waste recycling (fwr) and the changes in the bacterial community responsible for this hydrolysis. maximum hydrolysis efficiency (i.e., 50.5% reduction of volatile suspended solids) was predicted to occur at ph 5.7 and t = 44.5 degrees c. changes in short-chain volatile organic acid profiles and in acidogenic ...201019894044
effect of oral immunization with aeromonas hydrophila ghosts on protection against experimental fish infection.to investigate whether oral immunization with aeromonas hydrophila ghosts (ahg) vaccine can elicit mucosal and systemic immune responses of carp (carassius auratus gibelio) compared to conventional formalin-killed bacteria (fkc).201019843213
identification of a novel allele of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (pparg) and its association with resistance to aeromonas salmonicida in atlantic salmon (salmo salar).bacterial and viral diseases are major problems in atlantic salmon aquaculture, but may be challenged through selection of brood stock with enhanced survival to diseases. today's selection strategy is based on controlled challenge tests using siblings of the breeding candidates, and is thus indirect. direct trait records on breeding candidates can potentially be provided through identification of genetic variation linked to the susceptibility to the disease. peroxisome proliferator-activated rec ...201020004720
genetic insertions and diversification of the polb-type dna polymerase (gp43) of t4-related phages.in escherichia coli phage t4 and many of its phylogenetic relatives, gene 43 consists of a single cistron that encodes a polb family (polb-type) dna polymerase. we describe the divergence of this phage gene and its protein product (gp43) (gene product 43) among 26 phylogenetic relatives of t4 and discuss our observations in the context of diversity among the widely distributed polb enzymes in nature. in two t4 relatives that grow in aeromonas salmonicida phages 44rr and 25, gene 43 is fragmented ...201019896487
a type vi secretion system effector protein, vgrg1, from aeromonas hydrophila that induces host cell toxicity by adp ribosylation of actin.we recently delineated the importance of a type vi secretion system (t6ss) gene cluster in the virulence of diarrheal isolate ssu of aeromonas hydrophila and showed that vash, a sigma(54) activator and t6ss component, was involved in the production of its associated effectors, e.g., hemolysin-coregulated protein. to identify additional t6ss effectors and/or secreted proteins, we subjected culture supernatants from deletion mutants of a. hydrophila, namely, a delta act mutant (a t2ss-associated c ...201019880608
characterization of polysaccharides using mass spectrometry for bacterial serotyping.mass spectrometry provides a rapid and reliable method for characterization of bacterial polysaccharides. application of the in-source fragmentation technique to promote the formation of structurally relevant repeating units of heterogeneous capsular polysaccharides and o-chain polysaccharides has proven to be particularly useful for detection of non-carbohydrate functionalities and subtle differences arising across bacterial serotypes. here we discuss application of these methods to the direct ...201019882133
analysis of the vaccine potential of a laboratory escherichia coli strain in a japanese flounder model.escherichia coli dh5alpha is a genetically tailored laboratory strain that is commonly used for general cloning. in this study, the vaccine potential of dh5alpha was investigated. it was found that when used as a live vaccine, dh5alpha could afford effective protection upon japanese flounder against aeromonas hydrophila infection. vaccination with purified outer membrane proteins and lipopolysaccharides of dh5alpha failed to induce protective immunity against a. hydrophila. specific antibody pro ...201019900558
antimicrobial resistance and its genetic determinants in aeromonads isolated in ornamental (koi) carp (cyprinus carpio koi) and common carp (cyprinus carpio).the aim of this study was to evaluate antimicrobial susceptibility of aeromonas spp. isolates from common carp and koi carp coming from randomly chosen farms. the isolates were tested for susceptibility to 8 antimicrobial agents using the standard agar dilution susceptibility test. in all isolates, pcr was used to detect the presence of tet(a-e) genes, integrase genes, and gene cassettes. from the total 72 isolates of motile aeromonads sampled from koi carp, 36 isolates (50%) were resistant to o ...201019900770
homology modelling of a sensor histidine kinase from aeromonas hydrophila.aeromonas hydrophila has been implicated in extra-intestinal infection and diarrhoea in humans. targetting unique effectors of bacterial pathogens is considered a powerful strategy for drug design against bacterial variations to drug resistance. the two-component bacterial system involving sensor histidine kinase (shk) and its response regulators is considered a lucrative target for drug design. this is the first report describing a three-dimensional (3d) structure for shk of a. hydrophila. the ...201019882182
concurrent injection of a rhabdovirus-specific dna vaccine with a polyvalent, oil-adjuvanted vaccine delays the specific anti-viral immune response in atlantic salmon, salmo salar l.vaccines are commonly used in salmonid aquaculture as a method of disease prevention. although there is a substantial amount of published research regarding the immunological and physiological effects following the injection of different polyvalent vaccines and dna vaccines, there are no published reports examining the physiological and immunological effects of concurrent vaccine injection, which is the situation encountered in aquaculture. using key immunological parameters such as lysozyme act ...201020045062
parenteral immunization of fish, labeo rohita with poly d, l-lactide-co-glycolic acid (plga) encapsulated antigen microparticles promotes innate and adaptive immune responses.immunogenicity of different antigen preparations of outer membrane proteins (omp) of aeromonas hydrophila such as poly d, l-lactide-co-glycolic acid (plga) microparticles, oil emulsion, neat omp and bacterial whole cells were compared through intra-peritoneal injection in fish, labeo rohita. among these preparations, plga encapsulated antigen stimulated both innate and adaptive immune parameters and the immunogenicity exhibited by plga microparticles was significantly higher (p < 0.05) at both 2 ...201019922799
characterization and expression analyses of anti-apoptotic bcl-2-like genes nr-13, mcl-1, bcl-x1, and bcl-x2 in atlantic cod (gadus morhua).nr-13, mcl-1, and bcl-x(l), are conserved anti-apoptotic proteins that belong to the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 sub-family, which inhibits cell death by preventing mitochondrial membrane permeabilization (mmp). given the anti-apoptotic functions of these proteins in vertebrates (e.g. human, mouse, and zebrafish) and the involvement of apoptotic regulation in immune responses, we studied the sequences of these genes and their transcript expression in atlantic cod (gadus morhua) during innate immune res ...201019923001
gene cloning, characterization, and heterologous expression of levansucrase from bacillus amyloliquefaciens.although levan produced by bacillus amyloliquefaciens is known to have efficient immunostimulant property which gives 100% survival of common carp when infected with aeromonas hydrophila, no detailed reports are available describing kinetic studies of d: -glucose production and levan formation. in this study, we cloned and characterized the enzymatic kinetics using levansucrase expressed in escherichia coli. optimum ph for d: -glucose production and levan formation was 6.0 and 8.0, respectively, ...201019916084
molecular cloning and expression of two hsp70 genes in the wuchang bream (megalobrama amblycephala yih).two complementary deoxyribonucleic acid (cdna) clones encoding heat shock cognate 70 (hsc70) and inducible heat shock protein 70 (hsp70) were isolated from the liver of wuchang bream (megalobrama amblycephala y.) using rt-pcr and rapid amplification of cdna ends (race). they were named ma-hsc70 and ma-hsp70, respectively. the cdnas were 2336 and 2224 bp in length [not including poly (a)] and contained 1950 and 1932 bp open reading frames (orfs), respectively. the orfs encoded proteins of 649 and ...201019944170
aeromonas caviae cb101 contains four chitinases encoded by a single gene chi1.aeromonas caviae cb101 secretes four chitinases (around 92, 82, 70, and 55 kda) into the culture supernatant. a chitinase gene chi1 (92 kda) was previously studied. to identify the genes encoding the remaining three chitinases, a cosmid library of cb101 was constructed to screen for putative chitinase genes. nine cosmid clones were shown to contain a chitinase gene on chitin plates. surprisingly, all the positive clones contained chi1. in parallel, we purified the 55-kda chitinase (chi55) from t ...201019960373
use of lupin, lupinus perennis, mango, mangifera indica, and stinging nettle, urtica dioica, as feed additives to prevent aeromonas hydrophila infection in rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum).feeding rainbow trout, oncorhynchus mykiss (walbaum), with 1% lupin, lupinus perennis, mango, mangifera indica, or stinging nettle, urtica dioica, for 14 days led to reductions in mortality after challenge with aeromonas hydrophila. in addition, there was significant enhancement in serum bactericidal activity, respiratory burst and lysozyme activity in the treatment groups compared to the controls. use of lupin and mango led to the highest number of red blood and white blood cells in recipient f ...201020102439
the 2dx robot: a membrane protein 2d crystallization swiss army knife.among the state-of-the-art techniques that provide experimental information at atomic scale for membrane proteins, electron crystallography, atomic force microscopy and solid state nmr make use of two-dimensional crystals. we present a cyclodextrin-driven method for detergent removal implemented in a fully automated robot. the kinetics of the reconstitution processes is precisely controlled, because the detergent complexation by cyclodextrin is of stoichiometric nature. the method requires small ...201019963066
the reference strain aeromonas hydrophicla cip 57.50 should be reclassified as aeromonas salmonicida cip 57.50.the use of reference strains is a critical element for the quality control of different assays, from the development of molecular methods to the evaluation of antimicrobial activities. most of the strains used in these assays are not type strains and some of them are cited erroneously because of subsequent reclassifications and descriptions of novel species. in this study, we propose that the reference strain aeromonas hydrophila cip 57.50 be reclassified as aeromonas salmonicida cip 57.50 based ...201019965992
proposal to assign aeromonas diversa sp. nov. as a novel species designation for aeromonas group 501.the aeromonas group 501, also named aeromonas sp. hg13, is taxonomically close to a. schubertii. results obtained in previous studies, including dna-dna hybridization and dna fingerprinting, suggest that aeromonas group 501 could constitute a different aeromonas species. in this work we have performed a polyphasic study with the two strains comprising the aeromonas sp. hg13 in order to propose a formal species name. they could be differentiated from a. schubertii by the indole and lysine decarbo ...201020005654
genetic and biochemical characterization of tru-1, the endogenous class c beta-lactamase from aeromonas enteropelogenes.aeromonas enteropelogenes (formerly a. tructi) was described to be an ampicillin-susceptible and cephalothin-resistant aeromonas species, which suggests the production of a cephalosporinase. strain atcc 49803 was susceptible to amoxicillin, cefotaxime, and imipenem but resistant to cefazolin (mics of 2, 0.032, 0.125, and >256 microg/ml, respectively) and produced an inducible beta-lactamase. cefotaxime-resistant mutants (mic, 32 microg/ml) that showed constitutive beta-lactamase production could ...201020124004
aeromonas caviae strain induces th1 cytokine response in mouse intestinal tract.aeromonas caviae has been associated with human gastrointestinal disease. strains of this species typically lack virulence factors (vfs) such as enterotoxins and hemolysins that are produced by other human pathogens of the aeromonas genus. microarray profiling of murine small intestinal extracts, 24 h after oral infection with an a. caviae strain, provides evidence of a th1 type immune response. a large number of gamma-interferon (gamma-ifn) induced genes are up-regulated as well as several tumo ...201020130691
immune response and expression analysis of cathepsin k in goldfish during aeromonas hydrophila infection.the innate immunity and expression profiles of cathepsins d were determined in the goldfish (carassius auratus) tissues after challenge with a fish pathogen aeromonas hydrophila. the innate immunity of reactive oxygen species (ros) and reactive nitrogen species (rns) were determined by peripheral blood leucocytes. blood and tissue samples of the muscle, gills, liver, kidney, heart, spleen, and intestine were sampled at 1, 3, 6 and 12 h post-infection for cathepsin d expression by semi-quantitati ...201020025977
prevalence of listeria, aeromonas, and vibrio species in fish used for human consumption in turkey.a total of 78 raw retail fish samples from 30 freshwater and 48 marine fish were examined for the presence of listeria, aeromonas, and vibrio species. the overall incidence of listeria spp. was 30% in freshwater samples and 10.4% in marine fish samples. listeria monocytogenes (44.5%) was the most commonly isolated species in freshwater fish, and listeria murrayi (83.5%) was the most commonly isolated species in marine fish samples. motile aeromonads were more common in marine fish samples (93.7% ...201020132688
a novel multivalent vaccine based on secretary antigen-delivery induces protective immunity against vibrio anguillarum and aeromonas hydrophila.in our previous work, four secretory antigen-delivery systems based on different signal peptides (sps) (sp(hlya), sp(rtxa), sp(vah3) and sp(empa)) have been successfully established in attenuated vibrio anguillarum. to investigate the potential application of the antigen-delivery systems in v. anguillarum multivalent vector vaccine, the glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) from pathogenic aeromonas hydrophila, as a putative protective antigen, was fused to the four delivery systems, ...201020026209
biochemical characterization of three putative atpases from a new type iv secretion system of aeromonas veronii plasmid pac3249a.type four secretion systems (tfss) are bacterial macromolecular transport systems responsible for transfer of various substrates such as proteins, dna or protein-dna complexes. tfsss encode two or three atpases generating energy for the secretion process. these enzymes exhibit highest sequence conservation among type four secretion components.201020144229
per-6, an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase from aeromonas allosaccharophila.an aeromonas allosaccharophila environmental isolate recovered from the seine river (paris, france) produced a novel extended-spectrum beta-lactamase, per-6, that shared 92% amino acid identity with the closest ss-lactamase, per-2. the kinetic properties of per-6 showed a slightly increased affinity for carbapenems. the bla(per-6) gene was chromosomally located and bracketed by non-transposon-related structures.201020145085
production of monoclonal antibodies specific to major outer membrane protein of edwardsiella tarda.edwardsiella tarda is an important cause for hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and gastro and extra-intestinal infections in humans. monoclonal antibodies (mabs) were produced against outer membrane proteins (omps) of e. tarda et-7, isolated from diseased snakehead (ophiocephalus punctatus). two stable hybridoma clones, designated as 3f10 and 2c3 mabs were found to be potentially specific for e. tarda by indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). these mabs recognized major immunogenic omp ...201018804863
measurement of k(on) without a rapid-mixing device.we have recently designed a biochemistry laboratory experiment for the purpose of providing students an advanced experience with enzyme kinetics and the kinetics of binding. bestatin, a well-known and commercially available general protease inhibitor, is a slow-binding inhibitor of aminopeptidase isolated from aeromonas proteolytica. the binding is on a timescale slow enough for measurement without the use of a rapid-mixing device. aminopeptidase inhibition is detected via a standard colorimetri ...201021567834
application of sensory and microbial analysis to assess quality of fish in siliguri city of west bengal, india.sensory and certain microbial analyses were applied to assess the quality of raw fish sold at a market in siliguri cityof west bengal, india. in regular surveys undertaken during june to august 2008, a particular fish species was randomly selected, its source was noted and a sensory analysis, the quality index method (qim) was applied to assess its quality raw fish samples were also collected and a small quantity (about 1 g) of scales oran upper layer of the skin surface (forscale-less fish samp ...201021387907
[development of rapid detection of infectious hypodermal and hematopoietic necrosis virus by loop-mediated isothermal amplification].loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay is a novel method of gene amplification with high specificity, sensitivity and rapidity, which can be applied for disease diagnosis in shrimp aquaculture. the method is performed under isothermal conditions with a set of four specially designed primers that recognize six distinct sequences of the target. in the present study, according to the conservative regions of non-structural protein gene ns1, a set of four specific primers were designed, ...201021344755
differentiation of farmed and wild turbot (psetta maxima): proximate chemical composition, fatty acid profile, trace minerals and antimicrobial resistance of contaminant bacteria.the proximate, cholesterol, fatty acid and trace mineral compositions in the flesh of farmed and wild turbot (psetta maxima) were evaluated. additionally, the potential influence of the use of antimicrobial agents in the bacteria carried by farmed turbot was investigated. for this purpose, a total of 144 pseudomonas spp. and 127 aeromonas spp. were isolated and tested for their susceptibility to 12 antimicrobials by a disk diffusion method. farmed turbot contained higher fat, cholesterol and cal ...201021339162
isolation and distribution of bacterial flora in farmed rainbow trout from mexico.trout farming is a growing aquaculture industry in mexico, with stock mainly supplied by the importation of eyed eggs. the aim of the present study was to determine the frequency of bacterial isolations in farmed rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss from mexico. sixty-five farms distributed among seven states of mexico were included in the study. individual samples from gills, liver, spleen, intestine, and kidney were obtained from 563 apparently healthy fish. in total, 371 bacterial isolates were ...201021413508
genome sequence of the emerging pathogen aeromonas caviae.aeromonas caviae is a gram-negative, motile and rod-shaped facultative anaerobe that is increasingly being recognized as a cause of diarrhea in children. here we present the first genome sequence of an a. caviae strain that was isolated as the sole pathogen from a child with profuse diarrhea.201021183677
[comparasion of two methods for recovery of aeromonas spp. in feces from agar cin (cefsulodin-irgasan-novobiocin)]. 201021191564
influence of alginic acid and fucoidan on the immune responses of head kidney leukocytes in cod.the present study investigated the immunomodulatory activities of alginic acid and fucoidan, both derived from brown seaweeds, on selected cellular immune responses and antibacterial activity of head kidney (hk) leukocytes of cod, gadus morhua. primary cultures of hk leukocytes were incubated with either 10 or 100 μg ml(-1) of the substances and the effects on respiratory burst, cellular proliferation, acid and alkaline phosphatase activity and cellular myeloperoxidase were measured at 3- and 24 ...201021191809
mortality of centrarchid fishes in the potomac drainage: survey results and overview of potential contributing factors.skin lesions and spring mortality events of smallmouth bass micropterus dolomieu and selected other species were first noted in the south branch of the potomac river in 2002. since that year morbidity and mortality have also been observed in the shenandoah and monocacy rivers. despite much research, no single pathogen, parasite, or chemical cause for the lesions and mortality has been identified. numerous parasites, most commonly trematode metacercariae and myxozoans; the bacterial pathogens aer ...201021192549
effect of neem extract against the bacteria isolated from marine fish.marine ornamental fishes are exceedingly valuable due to their high demand in domestic and international markets. there is a growing global interest to rear the fishes in captivity. but problem due to bacteria and fungi are the major hitch in captive condition. since, the use of antibiotics is banned, an attempt was made to ascertain in vitro assay of the neem leaves extract against the bacterial pathogens isolated from infected fishes. bacterial strains isolated from infected regions of the clo ...201021186711
quinolone-resistant aeromonas hydrophila peritonitis in a capd patient.peritonitis is a major cause of morbidity in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). aeromonas hydrophila is a rare cause of peritonitis in patients on capd. we herewith report a 44-year-old female patient on capd with aeromonas hydrophila peritonitis. peritoneal fluid grew aeromonas hydrophila. the patient reported that she had accidentally dropped her peritoneal dialysis catheter into the toilet. susceptibility testing revealed that it is susceptible to ceftazidime, but resistant to ...201020178725
clinical characteristics and therapeutic outcome of gram-negative bacterial spinal epidural abscess in adults.gram-negative (g(-)) bacterial spinal epidural abscess (sea) in adults is uncommon. of the 42 adult patients with bacterial sea admitted to the chang gung memorial hospital - kaohsiung, between 2003 and 2007, 12 with g(-) sea were included in this study. of these 12 patients, seven were men and five were women; their ages ranged between 17 years and 81 years (median=72.5 years, mean=62.5 years). the patients were admitted at different stages of symptom onset (four were in the acute stage and fou ...201021185728
enhancement of protective immunity in european eel (anguilla anguilla) against aeromonas hydrophila and aeromonas sobria by a recombinant aeromonas outer membrane protein.to develop a vaccine, which can simultaneously prevent the diseases caused by various pathogenic bacteria in fish, we try to find a conserved outer membrane protein (omp) antigen from different bacterial pathogens. in this study, an omp fragment of 747 bp (named as omp-g), which was highly conserved in seven aeromonas omp sequences from the ncbi database, was amplified by pcr from one aeromonas sobria strain (b10) and two aeromonas hydrophila strains (b27 and b33) with the designed specific prim ...201021148192
diversity of clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum β-lactamases in aeromonas spp. from the seine river, paris, france.environmental aeromonas sp. isolates resistant to ceftazidime were recovered during an environmental survey performed with water samples from the seine river, in paris, france, in november 2009. selected isolates were identified by sequencing of the 16s rrna and rpob genes. pcr and cloning experiments were used to identify broad-spectrum-β-lactamase-encoding genes and their genetic context. clavulanic acid-inhibited extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl) genes were identified in 71% of the aeromon ...201021149627
biomarker responses and disease susceptibility in juvenile rainbow trout oncorhynchus mykiss fed a high molecular weight pah mixture.juvenile rainbow trout were fed a diet containing an environmentally relevant mixture of 10 high molecular weight polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (pahs) at a dose of 0.66 or 7.82 µg pah · g fish(-1) · d(-1). at 3, 7, 14, and 28 d, biomarkers of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation (ahr), hepatic microsomal ethoxyresorufin-o-deethylase (erod) activity, and cytochrome p4501a (cyp1a)-associated staining increased 14- to 26-fold and 6- to 14-fold, respectively, in fish fed 7.82 µg pah · g fish (-1) ...201021154843
molecular basis of bacterial defense against host lysozymes: x-ray structures of periplasmic lysozyme inhibitors plii and plic.lysozymes play a key role in the innate immune system of vertebrates and invertebrates by hydrolyzing peptidoglycan, a vital component of the bacterial cell wall. gram-negative bacteria produce various types of lysozyme inhibitors that allow them to survive the bactericidal action of lysozyme when their outer membrane is permeabilized. so far, three lysozyme inhibitor families have been described: the ivy (inhibitor of vertebrate lysozyme) family, the mlic/plic (membrane-associated/periplasmic l ...201021146533
the rarely reported tet(31) tetracycline resistance determinant is common in gallibacterium anatis.the present investigation was undertaken to identify and characterize the tetracycline resistance determinant in 22 gallibacterium anatis strains for which no determinant was identified using primers specific for tet(a, b, c, d, e, g, h, k, l, m, o). a recent study found tet(b) to be the most prevalent tetracycline resistance determinant in a larger collection of g. anatis field strains from mexico and denmark. however, in 41% of the tetracycline resistant strains no determinant could be assigne ...201021145184
potential use of probiotic- and triherbal extract-enriched diets to control aeromonas hydrophila infection in carp.this study reports the effect of probiotic- and triherbal extract-enriched diet on cyprinus carpio (52 +/- 2 g, n = 250) inoculated intramuscularly (50 microl) with aeromonas hydrophila (1.8 x 106 cfu ml(-1)). on day 6 post-infection, the fish were divided into 4 groups and fed with the basal diet (iu) or with diets supplemented with triherbal extract (h), sporolac (s) or lactobacillus (l). a fifth group of non-infected fish fed with the basal diet was used as a control. haematology and immunolo ...201021166313
putative virulence properties of aeromonas strains isolated from food, environmental and clinical sources in italy: a comparative study.the distribution of virulence properties in 142 strains of aeromonas isolated from diarrhoeic patients, food and surface water in italy and identified by biochemical and molecular methods was investigated. the virulence properties studied were the presence of genes for the aerolysin (aera), heat-stable cytotonic enterotoxin (ast), heat-labile cytotonic enterotoxin (alt), cytotoxic enterotoxin (act); and cytotoxicity for vero cells and adhesion on hep-2 cells. a. hydrophila and a. caviae were the ...201021138783
haemato-immunological and stress responses of labeo rohita (hamilton) fingerlings: effect of rearing temperature and dietary gelatinized carbohydrate.a feeding trial of 70-days was carried out to study the haemato-immunological and stress responses of labeo rohita fingerlings reared at two water temperatures [ambient (amb) - 27 °c and 32 °c] fed with graded levels of gelatinized corn carbohydrate (gc). two hundred and sixteen fingerlings were randomly distributed into six treatment groups in triplicate. three semi-purified diets were prepared containing 30% crude protein with graded levels of gc 40%, 50% and 58%. the six treatment groups were ...201021114548
resistance of genetically different common carp, cyprinus carpio l., families against experimental bacterial challenge with aeromonas hydrophila.the objective of this study was to determine the differences in disease resistance against artificial infection with aeromonas hydrophila between genetically different common carp families. four strains differing in their origin and breeding history were selected from the live gene bank of common carp maintained at the research institute for fisheries, aquaculture and irrigation (haki, szarvas, hungary) to establish families with wide genetic background: szarvas 15 (15), an inbred mirror line; t ...201021118271
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