| human infection with edwardsiella tarda. | | 1969 | 5764505 |
| septicemia caused by edwardsiella tarda. | | 1969 | 5787833 |
| edwardsiella tarda: etiologic agent in a post-traumatic subgaleal abscess. | | 1966 | 5910641 |
| [antibacterial activities of cefotiam against various pathogens isolated from clinical materials (author's transl)]. | bacteriological evaluation was made on cefotiam (ctm), a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic, and the following results wer obtained. 1) ctm has shown very potent antibacterial activities against staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, edwardsiella tarda, citrobacter intermedius, salmonella, klebsiella, proteus mirabilis, proteus rettgeri, proteus inconstans, yersinia enterocolitica, aeromonas hydrophila, plesiomonas shigelloides and pseudomonas putrefaciens. 2) streptococcus faecalis, ... | 1982 | 6285018 |
| the natural history of salmonellae in mammals of the tropical kimberley region, western australia. | screening for salmonellae was conducted on five occasions within a year on mammals from many different habitats in the mitchell plateau area of the tropical kimberley division of western australia. some data were obtained from reptiles. forty-two salmonella serotypes, two edwardsiella and one arizona strain were isolated. marsupials harbour significantly more (1.6 times) salmonella serotypes than eutherians. eleven salmonella serotypes and one arizona strain were isolated from reptiles. all salm ... | 1983 | 6332007 |
| [finding of the bacterial species edwardsiella tarda in the aquarium fish betta splendens]. | a case of the mass occurrence of a disease in the aquarium fish species betta splendens is described; morphologically the disease was characterized by the finding of large dermal changes located mainly in the dorsal part and by miliary granulomata in liver, spleen and kidneys. the granulomata consisted of epitheloid light cells with centrally located necrosis. gram-negative bacteria with morphological and biochemical characteristics corresponding to the bacterial species edwardsiella tarda were ... | 1983 | 6407179 |
| edwardsiella tarda bacteremia and septic arthritis in a patient with diabetes mellitus. | edwardsiella tarda is an uncommon pathogen in the family enterobacteriaceae which usually infects patients with underlying diseases. its habitats include fresh water, a variety of animals and human feces. we report a case of e. tarda bacteremia and septic arthritis with underlying diabetes mellitus, the first found in thailand. | 1997 | 9561628 |
| [a case of sepsis caused by edwardsiella tarda]. | | 1983 | 6413606 |
| isolation of edwardsiella tarda and plesiomonas shigelloides from mammals and birds in zaïre. | | 1984 | 6531491 |
| characterization of plasmids in bacterial fish pathogen. | plasmid profiles of representative fish pathogens, aeromonas salmonicida, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio anguillarum, pasteurella piscicida, yersinia ruckeri, edwardsiella tarda, and renibacterium salmoninarum, were determined by agarose gel electrophoresis with four different plasmid detection methods. a combination of two methods was required to detect the plasmids present in these strains and to calculate precisely the molecular weights of the plasmids. of 38 strains, 28 harbored one or more pl ... | 1983 | 6822413 |
| human edwardsiellosis traced to ornamental fish. | protracted diarrhea in a 2-month-old belgian infant was associated with edwardsiella tarda as the only potential pathogen. the same organism was isolated from a tropical aquarium fish in the home of the patient. the enteropathogenic role of e. tarda and the role of fish as a reservoir of infection are reviewed. additional observations, volunteer studies, and careful prospective surveys in tropical countries will be needed to produce firm evidence of the enteropathogenic potential of e. tarda. | 1983 | 6826702 |
| edwardsiella tarda isolated in israel between 1961 and 1980. | edwardsiella tarda was isolated from patients, water tortoises (clemmys caspica), and samples of water from lake kinnereth, the river jordan, well water, and sewage water. of the 53 isolates, 35 belonged to completely identified serotypes, among them 7 new ones. fourteen cultures had o antigens, and one had an h antigen, different from those previously described. three serotypes isolated from patients were also found in other sources: water tortoises, lake water, or both. | 1983 | 6853692 |
| gram-negative, aerobic, enteric pathogens among intestinal microflora of wild turkey vultures (cathartes aura) in west central texas. | the prevalence of gram-negative bacterial species in the intestines of 20 apparently healthy turkey vultures (cathartes aura) was determined. edwardsiella tarda, plesiomonas shigelloides, salmonella, and arizona hinshawii (salmonella arizonae) were each recovered from 15% of these birds. turkey vultures may be important reservoirs of these bacterial pathogens. | 1981 | 7032423 |
| multi-functional biopolymer prepared by covalent attachment of galactomannan to egg-white proteins through naturally occurring maillard reaction. | protein-polysaccharide conjugate was prepared as a functional biopolymer using protein and polysaccharide via a maillard-type reaction. ovalbumin and lysozyme were conjugated with galactomannan under controlled heating and humidity conditions. the antioxidant effect of ovalbumin and the antimicrobial activity of lysozyme were enhanced by the glycosylation. the emulsifying properties of the egg protein were also significantly improved by the modification. the increase in lipid affinity due to the ... | 2000 | 10907243 |
| an epizootic of edwardsiella tarda in largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides). | edwardsiella tarda, an opportunistic bacterial pathogen, was isolated from dying largemouth bass (micropterus salmoides) during an epizootic in a eutrophic lake system, lochloosa lake, florida, usa. approximately 1,500 adult fish died over a 6-wk period during the late summer and early fall of 1991. a mixed population of aerobic bacteria (e. tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, and pseudomonas sp.) was isolated from deep cutaneous ulcers and intestines of moribund bass. however, e. tarda in pure culture ... | 1993 | 8487385 |
| molecular cloning, characterization, and sequencing of the hemolysin gene from edwardsiella tarda. | hemolysis is a major symptom of diseased eels infected by edwardsiella tarda. the hemolysin gene of e. tarda strain et16 was cloned into plasmid psk and expressed in escherichia coli. the mol. mass of the functional beta-hemolysin was estimated to be approximately 34 kda by gel filtration and by sds-page followed by in situ hemolysin activity analysis. the cloned fragment containing the beta-hemolysin locus from e. tarda strain et16 expressed in e. coli was estimated to be 5.3 kb in length; the ... | 1996 | 8639026 |
| topically acquired bacterial zoonoses from fish: a review. | the main pathogens acquired topically from fish (through spine puncture or open wounds) are aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae, mycobacterium marinum, streptococcus iniae, vibrio vulnificus and vibrio damsela. s. iniae has recently emerged as a public health hazard associated with aquaculture, and m. marinum often infects home aquarium hobbyists. with the expansion of aquaculture and popularity of recreational fishing in australia, medical practitioners can ex ... | 2000 | 11130351 |
| edwardsiella tarda septicaemia in rainbow trout (oncorhynchus mykiss). | | 1996 | 8660188 |
| plesiomonas shigelloides and sucrose-positive edwardsiella tarda bacteremia in a man with obstructive jaundice. | | 1996 | 8714276 |
| protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates against edwardsiella tarda infection in carp, cyprinus carpio l. | the protective effect of lysozyme-galactomannan or lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugates orally administered to carp, cyprinus carpio l. was investigated using a virulent strain of gram-negative edwardsiella tarda isolated from an infected fish. lysozyme-galactomannan conjugate was prepared through controlled maillard reaction. lysozyme-palmitic acid conjugate was prepared through base-catalyzed ester exchange using n-hydroxysuccinimide ester of palmitic acid. the conjugates provided substantial pro ... | 1996 | 8925907 |
| [use of semi-solid diasalm medium for isolation of salmonella enteritidis]. | the diagnostic semi-solid salmonella agar (diasalm) was compared with two commercial semi-solid rappaport-vasiliadis media (msrv by oxoid and srva, basis by himedia) using 52 strains of salmonella and 10 strains of interfering gram-negative bacteria. the diagnostic potency for salmonellae was higher in diasalm than in msrv or srva. unlike the rappaport-vasiliadis media, diasalm contains a diagnostic system consisting of lactose, saccharose and bromocresol purple, allowing the differentiation of ... | 1996 | 8966968 |
| [piperacillin/tazobactam in the treatment of abdominal sepsis in patients with peritonitis]. | piperacillin/tazobactam (p/t) was used in the treatment of 40 patients at the age of 22 to 64 years with intraabdominal infection (peritonitis, abscesses). p/t was administered as 30-minute intravenous infusions 4 or 3 times a day for 3 to 13 days. the recovery and improvement were stated in 80 and 10 per cent of the cases respectively. in 10 per cent of the patients the treatment failed because of surgical complications or insufficient surgical intervention or because of some other systemic dis ... | 1997 | 9124988 |
| iron-regulated haemolysin gene from edwardsiella tarda. | we have cloned and sequenced the haemolysin gene locus from edwardsiella tarda (eth). this region encoded two open reading frames, designated etha and ethb. etha is the haemolysin gene consisting of 4782bp encoding a product of 165.3 kda and ethb is an activation/secretion protein gene of 1677bp that encodes a product of 61.9 kda. there were two putative ferric uptake regulator (fur) binding sites on the 5' upstream region of the ethb gene overlapping the promoter region and ribosome-binding sit ... | 1997 | 9194711 |
| edwardsiellosis in wild striped bass from the chesapeake bay. | the first epizootic of edwardsiellosis, caused by edwardsiella tarda, is described. the epizootic occurred in the chesapeake bay, maryland (usa) during the summer and autumn of 1994, and affected wild adult striped bass (morone saxatilis). clinical signs included numerous irregular coalescing hemorrhagic ulcers on the body and fins that were distinctly malodorous. internally, the body cavity was filled with abundant yellowish or sanguinous mucoid fluid, and the visceral organs had multiple tiny ... | 1997 | 9249698 |
| edwardsiella tarda septicemia with cellulitis in a patient with aids. | | 1997 | 9272398 |
| enhancement of the resistance of tilapia and grass carp to experimental aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda infections by several polysaccharides. | efficacies of eleven polysaccharides including bar (glycan extracted from barley), curdlan, dex (dextran sulfate), inulin, krestin, laminaran, levan, po (glycan extracted from pleurotus ostreatus), scleroglucan, yg (yeast glucan), and zymosan, in the protection of tilapia, tilapia aureus p., and grass carp, ctenopharyngodon idellus, against bacterial infections in vivo were examined. four glycans. namely, bar, krestin, scleroglucan, and zymosan were observed to significantly increase the surviva ... | 1997 | 9280393 |
| an edwardsiella tarda strain containing a mutation in a gene with homology to shlb and hpmb is defective for entry into epithelial cells in culture. | edwardsiella tarda is an enteric pathogen that causes diarrhea, wound infections, and death due to septicemia. this species is capable of invading human epithelial cell lines, and we have now been able to follow the entry and replication of e. tarda within tissue culture host cells. e. tarda escapes from the endocytic vacuole within minutes of entry and then replicates within the cytoplasm. unlike other well-studied bacteria that replicate and reside in the cytoplasm, we never observed this orga ... | 1997 | 9284172 |
| successful treatment of edwardsiella tarda prosthetic valve endocarditis in a patient with aids. | | 1997 | 9356809 |
| [edwardsiella tarda infection of the soft tissues]. | | 2001 | 11555920 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for detection of aeromonas hydrophila serogroup o:19. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay has been developed for the detection of aeromonas hydrophila serogroup o:19 isolated from epizootics in eels. the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay specificity was confirmed after testing a. hydrophila o:19 and non-o:19 strains from different origins, as well as other aeromonas species and other fish pathogens such as vibrio vulnificus biotype 2, v. furnisii, v. damsela, yersinia ruckerii and edwardsiella tarda. the detection limits for a. hydrophila o:19 cel ... | 1997 | 9418247 |
| characterization and expression of c-type lysozyme cdna from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | lysozyme is a widely distributed enzyme located in the serum, skin mucus, and other organs of fish, which is responsible for catalyzing the hydrolysis of the cell walls of most bacteria. a c-type of lysozyme cdna was cloned from a kidney cdna library of the japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). the cdnas consisted of 612 bp, which coded for 143 amino acid residues. the deduced amino acid sequence of japanese flounder c-type lysozyme possessed 72.9%, 57.4%, and 65.4% identities with rainbow ... | 1997 | 9418289 |
| food borne microbial pathogens of cultured aquatic species. | this article provides a broad overview of microbial pathogens associated with marine and fresh water aquatic animals, including vibrio species, escherichia coli, streptococcus iniae, salmonella species, and edwardsiella tarda. historically, cultured fish were not considered important vectors of human pathogens. this situation is changing, partly due to increasing animal densities as a consequence of a rapidly growing industry and partly due to increasing awareness by health care providers of pat ... | 1998 | 9532670 |
| edwardsiella tarda induces plasma membrane ruffles on infection of hep-2 cells. | interaction of two clinical edwardsiella tarda isolates with hep-2 cells was investigated. by electron microscopy we observed at 1 h post infection that e. tarda induced formation of extensive plasma membrane projections resembling membrane ruffles. the ruffles did not coincide with adhering bacteria. only few invading bacteria were seen. vacuolated nuclear membrane was occasionally observed. three hours post infection, e. tarda induced a contact-dependent cell lysis, revealing the host cell cyt ... | 1998 | 9570122 |
| septic arthritis of the knee caused by edwardsiella tarda after a catfish puncture wound. | anglers are wary of catfish as their sharp fin spines may cause injury and, in some species, envenomation. we describe another complication of catfish spine injury--septic arthritis caused by edwardsiella tarda. we believe this is the first report of this organism causing septic arthritis. | 1998 | 9612456 |
| molecular cloning of a novel interferon regulatory factor in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus. | a complementary dna library was constructed in lambda zap ii using messenger rna from the leukocytes of some heterocloned japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus, that had been artificially infected with hirame rhabdovirus (hrv). a cloned flounder interferon regulatory factor (designated firf) cdna was found to be 1746 bp in length, with an open reading frame of 297 amino acids. the overall amino acid sequence of firf had approximately 40% identity with the previously reported avian and mammal ... | 1998 | 9628009 |
| edwardsiella tarda bacteraemia--complicated by acute pancreatitis and pyomyoma. | edwardsiella tarda (e. tarda) has recently become recognized as a pathogen in humans. here we report a new case of e. tarda bacteraemia complicated by acute pancreatitis and pyomyoma. a 46-year-old female came to our emergency room complaining of sudden onset of left upper quadrant pain and vomiting for the previous few hours after drinking three bottles of wine. an abdominal computed tomography (ct) scan revealed multiple biliary stones, acute pancreatitis with extensive inflammatory change, an ... | 1999 | 10342654 |
| bacterial pathogens isolated from cultured bullfrogs (rana castesbeiana). | a commercial bullfrog (rana castesbeiana) operation in south georgia had multiple epizootics of systemic bacterial infections over a 3-year period, 1998-2000. a number of potential pathogens (aeromonas hydrophila, chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) meningosepticum, chryseobacterium (flavobacterium) indolgenes, edwardsiella tarda, citrobacterfreundii, pseudomonas spp., and (streptococcus iniae) were isolated from various tissues. clinically, frogs demonstrated acute onset of torticolis, stupor, an ... | 2002 | 12296400 |
| comparison of antimicrobial susceptibility, beta-lactamase production, plasmid analysis and serum bactericidal activity in edwardsiella tarda, e. ictaluri and e. hoshinae. | antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of clinical and environmental isolates of edwardsiella demonstrate that the three species are susceptible to beta-lactam antibiotics. all strains were susceptible to two quinolones tested and to gentamicin and doxycycline. e. tarda and e. hoshinae were resistant to clindamycin, whereas e. ictaluri was moderately susceptible. beta-lactamase was produced by all strains of e. tarda, but not by e. hoshinae or e. ictaluri. a 54-kb plasmid was detected in six of 1 ... | 1993 | 8411088 |
| use of green fluorescent protein (gfp) to study the invasion pathways of edwardsiella tarda in in vivo and in vitro fish models. | edwardsiella tarda is a fish pathogen that causes systemic infections in many food and ornamental fish. e. tarda ppd130/91 and ppd125/87 were selected as representatives of the virulent and avirulent groups, respectively, from eight fish isolates, and transformed with plasmids encoding either green fluorescent protein (pgfpuv) or blue fluorescent protein (pbfp2). two host models were used to study the invasion pathway of e. tarda in vitro and in vivo. epithelioma papillosum of carp (epc) was use ... | 2000 | 10658647 |
| activation of the pro-drug ethionamide is regulated in mycobacteria. | the anti-tuberculosis drug ethionamide (eth), which is a structural analog of isoniazid (inh), is known to strongly inhibit mycolic acid synthesis in mycobacterium tuberculosis. although several targets have been identified for inh, only speculative information is available concerning eth. mutations within the promoter and the coding region of enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (inha) were found to confer resistance to both drugs, thus leading to the impression that inh and eth may share a com ... | 2000 | 10869356 |
| sucrose-positive edwardsiella tarda mimicking a biogroup 1 strain isolated from a patient with cholelithiasis. | an unusual strain of edwardsiella tarda mimicking a biogroup 1 isolate was recovered in a mixed infection from a woman suffering from cholelithiasis. rare biochemical characteristics (e.g., h2s negativity) originally detected were related to an unusual biochemical property in this species, sucrose fermentation; other points of interest regarding this strain included the site of isolation (bile) and the failure of this isolate to produce many of the in vitro virulence markers associated with e. t ... | 1993 | 8417023 |
| infection with edwardsiella tarda causes hypertrophy of liver cells in the japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | to study the direct cause of liver enlargement in the japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus infected with edwardsiella tarda, the fish were challenged with e. tarda and reared without feeding. the liver of fish exposed to the bacteria was markedly enlarged compared to that of the controls while no severe histopathological change appeared in the organ during the experiments. no notable difference was observed in the crude fat, glycogen, and water content of the liver between challenged and con ... | 2000 | 11104075 |
| aerobic intestinal flora of wild-caught african dwarf crocodiles osteolaemus tetraspis. | intestinal contents were collected from wild-caught african dwarf crocodiles (osteolaemus tetraspis) in 1993 and 1995 which were slaughtered at urban markets in the congo republic. the samples were kept frozen and brought back to onderstepoort for aerobic culture. out of 29 specimens, 33 species of bacteria and 20 species of fungi were isolated. the bacteria included three isolates of salmonella and eight isolates of escherichia coli, most of the latter being rough strains. the flora of individu ... | 2000 | 11131121 |
| [detection of pathogenic edwarsiella tarda]. | 25 edwardsiella tarda(et) strains had been detected both on their viruslent factor excellular product (ecp), including the hemolysin and extracellular protease (ecpase), and on their pathogenicity to mice and xiphophorus helleri. ecp was detected by dot-elisa with rabbit antiserum against ecp of reference strain jel4. the results showed that the animal pathogenicity of et had good correlation with its hemolysin other than with ecpase. the agreement between dot-elisa of jel4 ecp and pathogenicity ... | 2001 | 12552832 |
| edwardsiella tarda mutants defective in siderophore production, motility, serum resistance and catalase activity. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterium that causes a systemic infection, edwardsiellosis, in fish. the virulence factors of this pathogen and its genetic determinants have not been systematically examined. in this study, tnphoa transposon mutagenesis was used to construct a library of 440 alkaline phosphatase (phoa(+)) fusion mutants from a total of 400000 transconjugants derived from ed. tarda ppd130/91. this library included genes for secreted and membrane-associated proteins normally ... | 2001 | 11158362 |
| high antigenic cross-reaction among the bacterial species responsible for diseases of cultured freshwater fishes and strategies to overcome it for specific serodiagnosis. | antigenic sharing among the most commonly bacterial pathogens such as aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda and pseudomonas fluorescens of indian major carps has been studied using immunological reactions such as cross-agglutination, disc diffusion and indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (elisa). the data were analysed using statistical analysis (sas), version 6.12. the results showed high antigenic similarities among the bacterial whole cells, whole cell lysates, somatic 'o' antigens, ... | 2003 | 12581749 |
| green fluorescent protein-tagged edwardsiella tarda reveals portal of entry in fish. | the application of green fluorescent protein (gfp) to identify the portal(s) of entry of bacterial pathogens in animal hosts was studied using the fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda and blue gourami, trichogaster trichopterus. an immersion challenge model was utilized to mimic natural infection conditions in fish. gastrointestinal tract, gills and the body surface of fish were found to be the sites of entry of virulent e. tarda (ppd130/91) by histological and infection kinetics studies. on the oth ... | 2001 | 11164315 |
| characterization of japanese eel immunoglobulin m and its level in serum. | japanese eel immunoglobulin m (igm) was purified from the sera of anguilla japonica immunized with edwardsiella tarda fpu 347 and characterized. analysis of the purified igm on sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gels (sds-page) under reducing and non-reducing conditions revealed that the eel igm was a tetrameric protein with a molecular weight of 790,000; it contained an equimolar heavy chain and light chain with molecular weights of 72,000 and 25,000, respectively. while the n-terminal seque ... | 2000 | 11281270 |
| myonecrosis caused by edwardsiella tarda: a case report and case series of extraintestinal e. tarda infections. | edwardsiella tarda is an unusual human pathogen. it is primarily associated with gastrointestinal disease, although recent reports of extraintestinal disease are broadening the current understanding of the clinical spectrum of e. tarda. a series of 11 cases of extraintestinal e. tarda infection is presented, including the first reported case of myonecrosis in an immunocompetent patient. wound infections were the most common manifestation, and 3 of 5 patients with infected wounds had been exposed ... | 2001 | 11317243 |
| expression of japanese flounder c-type lysozyme cdna in insect cells. | lysozyme is a widely distributed hydrolase which likely plays an important role in bio-defense systems. in the current study, we constructed a baculovirus expression system for the c-type lysozyme cdna of japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) and evaluated the activity of the recombinant protein. this activity was estimated, by turbidimetric assay, to be 7.7u/mg, a value five times higher than that of hen egg white (hew) c-type lysozyme examined under the same conditions. the optimum ph and ... | 2001 | 11356223 |
| mechanical carrier of bacterial enteric pathogens by chrysomya megacephala (diptera: calliphoridae) in chiang mai, thailand. | chrysomya megacephala was studied regarding its mechanically bacterial carrier in urban areas of chiang mai, northern thailand. fifty-six adult flies were randomly collected using sweep insect net during april-may, 1999 from 3 fresh food markets and examined for bacteriological isolation. among them, 49 flies (87.5%) were bacterial carriers. the total 22 bacterial species and 8 groups were isolated. three species previously reported as the bacterial enteric pathogens causing diarrheal disease we ... | 2000 | 11414447 |
| identification of a 19.3-kda protein in mrha-positive edwardsiella tarda: putative fimbrial major subunit. | the hemagglutinating properties of edwardsiella tarda isolated from fish were investigated. hemagglutination of e. tarda was not inhibited by d-mannose but was strongly inhibited by fetuin and n-acetylneuraminic acid. extraction of hemagglutinating activity from bacterial cells was achieved using n-octyl-beta-d-thioglucoside (notg), and the notg extracts were fractionated by sucrose density gradient ultracentrifugation. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis analysis of the fr ... | 2003 | 13129618 |
| immunosuppressive effects of aflatoxin b1 in indian major carp (labeo rohita). | aflatoxin b1 (afb1) is a potent immunomodulator in endotherms. the experiment was carried out to study the immunosuppressive nature of afb1 in one ectothermic species of indian major carp. graded levels (0, 1.25, 5.00 mg/kg of body weight) of purified afb1 were intraperitoneally (i.p.) injected into rohu (labeo rohita) fingerlings weighing 30-50 g, and the fish were observed for a period of 90 days. at the end of the trial, blood samples were collected from the control group as well as the afb1 ... | 2001 | 11440188 |
| natural antibiotic susceptibilities of edwardsiella tarda, e. ictaluri, and e. hoshinae. | the natural antibiotic susceptibilities to 71 antibiotics of 102 edwardsiella strains belonging to e. tarda (n = 42), e. ictaluri (n = 41), and e. hoshinae (n = 19) were investigated. mics were determined using a microdilution procedure according to nccls criteria and german standards. all edwardsiellae were naturally sensitive to tetracyclines, aminoglycosides, most beta-lactams, quinolones, antifolates, chloramphenicol, nitrofurantoin, and fosfomycin. edwardsiella species were naturally resist ... | 2001 | 11451681 |
| sensitive and rapid detection of edwardsiellosis in fish by a loop-mediated isothermal amplification method. | here we report a rapid and sensitive method (using loop-mediated isothermal amplification [lamp]) for the diagnosis of edwardsiellosis, a fish disease caused by edwardsiella tarda, in japanese flounder. a set of four primers was designed, and conditions for the detection were optimized for the detection of e. tarda in 45 min at 65 degrees c. no amplification of the target hemolysin gene was detected in other related bacteria. when the lamp primers were used, detection of edwardsiellosis in infec ... | 2004 | 14711699 |
| molecular cloning, expression and evolution of the japanese flounder goose-type lysozyme gene, and the lytic activity of its recombinant protein. | in this study, we cloned the goose-type (g-type) lysozyme gene from the japanese flounder genomic dna library, the first such data in fish and only the second after the chicken g-type lysozyme gene. the japanese flounder g-type lysozyme gene was 1252 bp in length from the transcription site to the polyadenylation site, coded for 758 bp of mrna and 195 deduced amino acids, which contain five exons and four introns. a phylogenetic analysis based on amino acid sequences showed that the flounder gen ... | 2001 | 11470157 |
| opsonized virulent edwardsiella tarda strains are able to adhere to and survive and replicate within fish phagocytes but fail to stimulate reactive oxygen intermediates. | edwardsiella tarda is responsible for hemorrhagic septicemia (edwardsiellosis) in fish and also causes diseases in higher vertebrates such as birds, reptiles, and mammals, including humans. interactions of e. tarda with blue gourami phagocytes were studied by light microscopy as well as by adherence, intracellular replication, and superoxide anion assays. both nonopsonized virulent (ppd130/91 and al9379) and avirulent (ppd125/87 and ppd76/87) bacteria could adhere to and survive and replicate wi ... | 2001 | 11500445 |
| effect of dietary beta-1,3 glucan on immune responses and disease resistance of healthy and aflatoxin b1-induced immunocompromised rohu (labeo rohita hamilton). | the immunostimulant beta-1,3 glucan was fed at 0.1% in feed for 7 days to healthy and aflatoxin b1 (afb1)-induced immunocompromised fish, labeo rohita (one of the major tropical carp species), in a 60 day trial. the effects of afb1, glucan and their interactions on non-specific and specific immunity levels and disease resistance of fish were studied. a single intraperitoneal injection of afb1 at 1.25 mg kg(-1) body weight) caused a significant (p < 0.05) reduction in non-specific immunity as mea ... | 2001 | 11759039 |
| [primary analysis and sequencing the hemolytic relative gene of edwardsiella tarda]. | hemolysin is an important pathogenic agent of edwardsiella tarda (et). a fragment containing hemolytic gene, of which sequence is 4,264 bp, was cloned from et-12 chromosome by shutgun method. it has no similarity to the hemolysin genes reported, of which 424 bp of open read frame (orf) 3 has 68% similarity to the hemolysin regulatory gene of s. typhi (slya). the subclone which has complete orf3 was hemolytic, and the other of which kanamycin gene was inserted in pvu i of orf3 was no hemolytic. i ... | 2001 | 11803926 |
| the effect of dietary immunomodulation upon edwardsiella tarda vaccination in healthy and immunocompromised indian major carp (labeo rohita). | in order to determine the impact on disease resistance of four dietary immunomodulators viz., beta-1,3 glucan, levamisole, vitamins c and e, in an important farmed indian major carp species, rohu (labeo rohita ham.), fish were fed diets containing various levels of these substances during a 60 day trial. aflatoxin b1 (afb,) at 125 mg kg(-1) body weight was injected intraperitoneally (i.p.) into fish to induce an immunosuppressive state on the first day of the experiment in some individuals. the ... | 2002 | 11866127 |
| edwardsiella tarda endotoxin as an immunopotentiator in singhi, heteropneustes fossilis fingerlings. | endotoxin of e. tarda grown in brain heart infusion broth at 30 degrees c for 18 hr was extracted by differential centrifugation. fingerlings of h. fossilis (weighing 1-2 g) were allowed for hyperosmotic infiltration in the endotoxin at the rate of 0,2,4,8,16 and 20 mg/l. mortality varied from 20-50% at 2 to 20 mg/ml. toxin treated fishes were challenged 21 days post treatment with the same e. tarda strain containing 2.1 x 10(9) cfu/ml. there was 80% mortality in the control group whereas only 2 ... | 2001 | 12018532 |
| influence of catfish skin mucus on trisodium phosphate inactivation of attached salmonella typhimurium, edwardsiella tarda, and listeria monocytogenes. | this study examined the antimicrobial effectiveness of trisodium phosphate (tsp) on edwardsiella tarda, listeria monocytogenes, and salmonella typhimurium attached to catfish skin with and without mucus. salmonella typhimurium and e. tarda attached more readily to catfish skin than did l monocytogenes. at high inoculum levels (10(7) cfu/ml), tsp treatments (at 2 to 6%) for 10 min reduced bacterial counts of e. tarda by >2.5 to >3.3 log10 cfu per skin sample for firmly attached cells and by 3.5 t ... | 2002 | 12117249 |
| first report of a parasitic copepod (pennella balaenopterae) infestation in a pinniped. | an infestation by the parasitic copepod pennella balaenopterae was found in a stranded, 8-mo-old, female northern elephant seal (mirounga angustirostris). diagnosis was based on the finding of the cephalothoraxes of 14 adult female copepods from three subcutaneous sites. bacteria cultured from lesion exudate included arcanobacterium phocae, escherichia coli, edwardsiella tarda, an enterococcus sp., and proteus mirabilis. the lesions were drained and irrigated with chlorhexidine, and the seal was ... | 2002 | 12216795 |
| microbiological comparative study of isolates of edwardsiella tarda isolated in different countries from fish and humans. | it is difficult to use tissue culture assays to investigate adherence and other properties of edwardsiella tarda because the organism is invasive and produces a potent hemolysin. we therefore relied on polymerase chain reaction (pcr) to determine the occurrence of genes for enterotoxins (lt-i, east-1), shiga toxin (stx-1, stx-2), cytotoxic necrotizing factors (cnf-1, cnf-2), aerobactin, invasion plasmid of enteroinvasive escherichia coli, epec adherence factor (eaf), intimin (eae), enterohemolys ... | 2002 | 12223160 |
| serratia type pore forming toxins. | the serratia marcescens hemolysin represents a new type of hemolysin and has been studied in great molecular detail with regard to structure, activation and secretion. it has nothing in common with the pore forming toxins of e. coli type (rtx toxins), the staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin or the thiol activated toxin of group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (streptolysin o). studies on erythrocytes, eukaryotic cells and artificial black lipid membranes, have shown that the mechanism of pore format ... | 2000 | 12369921 |
| comparative proteomic analysis of extracellular proteins of edwardsiella tarda. | a comparison of extracellular proteins of virulent and avirulent edwardsiella tarda strains revealed several major, virulent-strain-specific proteins. proteomic analysis identified two of the proteins in the virulent strain ppd130/91 as flagellin and sseb, which are virulence factors in bacterial pathogens. pcr amplification and dna sequencing confirmed the presence of the genes that encode these proteins. our results clearly demonstrated the potency of the proteomic approach in identifying viru ... | 2002 | 12379732 |
| rapid identification of enterobacteriaceae using a novel 23s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probe. | the aim of this study was to rapidly identify bacteria of the family of enterobacteriaceae using fluorescent in situ hybridization (fish). a comparative sequence analysis was carried out and a 23s rrna signature sequence for enterobacteriaceae was identified. a 23s rrna-targeted oligonucleotide probe (ebac1790) was constructed and subsequently tested against 40 reference strains. nearly all of the enterobacteriaceae used in this study yielded positive results with ebac1790, except for edwardsiel ... | 2000 | 10956593 |
| [analys of outer membrane protein and drug-resistant of edwardsiella tarda]. | the sds-page profiles of out membrane protein(omp) of 27 et strains showed diverse patterns and they could be divided into six types. between 21 pathogenic strains and 6 non-pathogenic strains there were obviously difference. the pathogenic strains isolated from china belong to e type and were simary to atcc 15947. the omp bands of pathogenic strains were more and denser than those of the non-pathogenic strains, and the strains from same souce had the identical patters. interestingly, the non-pa ... | 2001 | 12552814 |
| [studies on the lactate oxidase producing conditions by edwardsiella tarda]. | a bacterium producing lactate oxidase was re-screened from five strains based on previous researches. the lactate oxidase activity was the highest in strain l1 and this stain was chosen as the enzyme source. morphological and physiological studies revealed that the bacterial strain l1 belongs to the edwardsiella tarda biogroup i. this stain is different from the reported strains mycobacterium and pediococcus, which produce lactate oxidase. the enzyme producing conditions were studied in shaking ... | 1999 | 12555418 |
| functional genomics approach to the identification of virulence genes involved in edwardsiella tarda pathogenesis. | edwardsiella tarda is an important cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and also of gastro- and extraintestinal infections in humans. here, we report the identification of 14 virulence genes of pathogenic e. tarda that are essential for disseminated infection, via a genome-wide analysis. we screened 490 alkaline phosphatase fusion mutants from a library of 450,000 tnphoa transconjugants derived from strain ppd130/91, using fish as an infection model. compared to the wild type, 15 mutants show ... | 2003 | 12595451 |
| maternal colonization and neonatal sepsis caused by edwardsiella tarda. | a case of neonatal sepsis caused by edwardsiella tarda, a bacterium usually associated with freshwater ecosystems, is described. the infant's mother was immersed in lake water during the sixth month of pregnancy and had vaginal and gastrointestinal colonization with the same strain of e tarda as the infant at the time of delivery. this case suggests that maternal exposures to contaminated bodies of water during pregnancy may represent a risk to newborns. | 2003 | 12612287 |
| combination effects of cephalexin and gentamicin on edwardsiella tarda and streptococcus iniae. | the objective of this study was to determine the in vitro activity of cephalexin-gentamicin combination by a microbroth chequerboard technique against clinical isolates of edwardsiella tarda and streptococcus iniae. gentamicin was shown more susceptible than cephalexin against both bacteria. the effect of cephalexin-gentamicin combination against both bacteria represented additive interaction. the combination even showed synergic interaction (22%) against e. tarda, with a fic index of <0.5 as a ... | 2003 | 12842330 |
| a major catalase (katb) that is required for resistance to h2o2 and phagocyte-mediated killing in edwardsiella tarda. | edwardsiella tarda causes haemorrhagic septicaemia in fish and gastro- and extra-intestinal infections in animals including humans. resistance to phagocyte-mediated killing is one of the virulence factors of ed. tarda. the authors' previous studies using tnphoa transposon mutagenesis indicated that katb mutants derived from the strain ppd130/91 are at least 1.6 log higher in ld50 values than the wild-type strain. these findings suggest the involvement of catalase (katb) in ed. tarda pathogenesis ... | 2003 | 12949187 |
| comparative sensitivity of different serological tests for seromonitoring and surveillance of edwardsiella tarda infection of indian major carps. | different serological tests viz. indirect elisa, indirect blocking elisa, competitive elisa and serum agglutination tests were evaluated to detect antibodies against edwardsiella tarda in naturally infected fish sera for seromonitoring and epizootiological studies. approximately 66.6, 62.5, 57.6 and 16.6% of the field sera samples were found to be positive by indirect elisa, competitive elisa, indirect blocking elisa and serum agglutination test, respectively. the percentage of serum samples pos ... | 2003 | 12969654 |
| cpg motif in synthetic odn primes respiratory burst of olive flounder paralichthys olivaceus phagocytes and enhances protection against edwardsiella tarda. | effects of synthetic cytidine-phosphate-guanosine (cpg) oligodeoxynucleotide (odn) on respiratory burst activity of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) head-kidney phagocytes and on protection against lethal infection with edwardsiella tarda were investigated. phagocytes precultured with a cpg odn showed significantly higher chemiluminescence (cl) responses than phagocytes precultured with guanosine-phosphate-cytidine (gpc) odn or culture medium alone (control) at all concentrations. superna ... | 2003 | 14524500 |
| puerperal intrauterine infection caused by edwardsiella tarda. | edwardsiella tarda infection is uncommon and has been reported to be associated with pet reptiles and the ingestion of raw fish. the majority of the infections occur as gastrointestinal disorders in immunocompromised hosts. we report a case of puerperal intrauterine e. tarda infection in a patient with no history of predisposing illness or of the recent ingestion of raw fish; this is the first such report. the patient complained of high fever, lower abdominal pain, and increasing amounts of malo ... | 2003 | 14691656 |
| pharmacokinetics of sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim in a 5:1 ratio following intraperitoneal and oral administration, in the hybrid striped bass (morone chrysops x morone saxitalis). | selected pharmacokinetic parameters for sulfadimethoxine and ormetoprim, administered in a 5:1 ratio, via the oral and intraperitoneal (i.p.) routes were determined in the hybrid striped bass (morone chrysops x morone saxitalis). plasma concentrations of both drugs were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography. a first-order one-compartment model adequately described plasma drug disposition. the elimination half-lives for sulfadimethoxine following i.p. and oral administration were 2 ... | 2004 | 14995959 |
| sanitary and bacteriological aspects of sewage treatment. | a study into the removal of contamination load and indicator bacteria was carried out in 1992-1996 in the mechanical, biological and chemical waste-water treatment plant wtp in lezany, in the county of reszel, in the province of warmia and mazury in poland. the results of chemical analyses found a high efficiency of removal of carbon compounds, cod (90%) and bod (98%), in the process of purification of household sewage. in addition, a high effectiveness of total nitrogen, on average 71%, and uns ... | 2003 | 15058814 |
| use of proteomics to identify novel virulence determinants that are required for edwardsiella tarda pathogenesis. | edwardsiella tarda is an important cause of haemorrhagic septicaemia in fish and also of gastro- and extraintestinal infections in humans. using a combination of comparative proteomics and tnphoa mutagenesis, we have identified five proteins that may contribute to e. tarda ppd130/91 pathogenesis. lowered protein secretion, impaired autoaggregation and the absence of six proteins were observed only in three highly attenuated mutants when cultured in dulbecco's modified eagle medium (dmem). five o ... | 2004 | 15228535 |
| carriage by the housefly (musca domestica) of multiple-antibiotic-resistant bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans, in hospital and other urban environments in misurata, libya. | using standard microbiological procedures, bacteria that are potentially pathogenic to humans were isolated from 150 houseflies collected in the libyan city of misurata (50 flies each from the central hospital, streets and abattoir). salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica and edwardsiella tarda were isolated from flies collected on the streets and in the abattoir but not from those collected in the hospital. shigella sonnei was detected in just one fly, which was collected in the abattoir. of ... | 2005 | 16297293 |
| a conserved 37 kda outer membrane protein of edwardsiella tarda is an effective vaccine candidate. | an effective vaccine against edwardsiella tarda has not been reported, one of main reasons is the variation in its serotypes. this study aimed to develop an effective vaccine against different serotypes of e. tarda. a conserved 37 kda outer membrane protein (omp) of e. tarda was obtained by sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds)-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (page). it showed comprising several proteins by two-dimensional (2d) page analysis and showed a high similarity to glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate d ... | 2004 | 15308366 |
| bacterial enteritis and the development of the larval digestive tract in olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus (temminck & schlegel). | three bacterial isolates obtained from diseased olive flounder larvae, paralichthys olivaceus, were identified as vibrio ichthyoenteri based on the results of phenotypic characterization and 16s rrna gene sequencing studies. bacterial enteritis was reproduced in 16 and 22 days post-hatch (dph) larvae by administering brine shrimp nauplii, artemia salina, dosed with the environmental isolates and reference strains of v. ichthyoenteri. to investigate the effect of the disease on development of the ... | 2004 | 15357708 |
| determination of the bacterial pathogen edwardsiella tarda in fish species by capillary electrophoresis with blue light-emitting diode-induced fluorescence. | high-performance capillary electrophoresis (hpce) has been applied to the identification, separation, and quantitation of intact bacteria. we demonstrate that a pathogen (edwardsiella tarda) which causes systemic infection in commercially important fish species can be rapidly identified and determined (< 10 min) after direct injection into fish fluid by ce blue light-emitting diode (led)-induced fluorescence. syto 13 (488 nm/509 nm), a cell-permeable green nucleic acid stain, was used to stain t ... | 2004 | 15472969 |
| polymicrobial bacteremia caused by escherichia coli, edwardsiella tarda, and shewanella putrefaciens. | edwardsiella tarda, a member of enterobacteriaceae, is found in freshwater and marine environments and in animals living in these environments. this bacterium is primarily associated with gastrointestinal diseases, and has been isolated from stool specimens obtained from persons with or without clinical infectious diseases. shewanella putrefaciens, a saprophytic gram-negative rod, is rarely responsible for clinical syndromes in humans. debilitated status and exposure to aquatic environments are ... | 2004 | 15605912 |
| occurrence of foodborne pathogenic bacteria in retail prepackaged portions of marine fish in spain. | to survey the presence of indigenous and nonindigenous foodborne bacterial pathogens in displayed prepacked portions of fresh marine fish. | 2006 | 16478492 |
| structural characterization of the o-polysaccharide antigen of edwardsiella tarda mt 108. | edwardsiella tarda, a gram-negative bacterium, is an important cause of hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and also of gastro- and extraintestinal infections in humans. the lipopolysaccharide produced by the fish pathogenic strain e. tarda mt 108 was isolated and the structure of its antigenic o-polysaccharide component determined by the application of chemical analyses, high-resolution 1d and 2d nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. the polysaccharide was found to be a pol ... | 2005 | 15620670 |
| pathogenesis and inflammatory response to edwardsiella tarda infection in the zebrafish. | the zebrafish (danio rerio) is a widely used model for developmental biology, neurobiology, toxicology, and genetic disease. recently, the zebrafish has been recognized as a valuable model for infectious disease and immunity. in this study the pathogenesis and inflammatory cytokine response of zebrafish to experimental edwardsiella tarda infection was characterized. in challenge experiments, zebrafish embryos were susceptible to infection by immersion. adult fish were susceptible to challenge by ... | 2004 | 15752547 |
| bath immunisation of spawn, fry and fingerlings of indian major carps using a particulate bacterial antigen. | larval mortality in indian major carps is one of the major problems encountered in the pond culture system. the present investigation was carried out to investigate the proper age, duration of exposure, and optimum bacterin concentration for vaccinating rohu (labeo rohita) and catla (catla catla) at their early stages with a formalin killed edwardsiella tarda bacterin suspension. the development of immunological competence was recorded with spawn of rohu and catla of 3 weeks of age exposed to a ... | 2002 | 12400863 |
| chicken egg yolk antibodies as therapeutics in enteric infectious disease: a review. | passive immunization by oral administration of specific antibodies has been an attractive approach against gastrointestinal (gi) pathogens in both humans and animals. recently, laying chickens have attracted considerable attention as an alternative source of antibodies for the prevention and treatment of infectious gi diseases. after immunization, the specific antibodies (called igy) are transported to the egg yolk, from which the igy then can be separated without sacrificing chickens. a chicken ... | 2002 | 12495588 |
| [internalization and replication of edwardsiella tarda in hep-2 cells]. | it is demonstrated that edwardsiella tarda possesses the ability to invade cultured epithelial hep-2 cells by both lysis-counting assay and thin-section electron microscopy. among fifteen strains of e. tarda, 6 strains internalized into hep-2 cells and located mainly in vesicles. after internalization, the bacteria replicated in the host cells and then released into medium. pretreatment of the hep-2 cells with various concentration of cytochalasin d (0.1-5.0 micrograms/ml) or cytochalasin b (2.5 ... | 1998 | 12549396 |
| edwardsiella tarda as a cause of postdysenteric ulcerative colitis. | | 2006 | 15772809 |
| regulation of a type iii and a putative secretion system in edwardsiella tarda by esrc is under the control of a two-component system, esra-esrb. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative enteric pathogen that causes hemorrhagic septicemia in fish and gastro- and extraintestinal infections in humans. a type iii secretion system (ttss) and a putative secretion system (evp) have been found to play important roles in e. tarda pathogenesis. our previous studies suggested that the ttss and evp gene clusters were regulated by a two-component system of esra-esrb. in the present study, we characterized another regulator, esrc, which showed significan ... | 2005 | 15972502 |
| role of type iii secretion in edwardsiella tarda virulence. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative enteric bacterium affecting both animals and humans. recently, a type iii secretion system (ttss) was found in ed. tarda. such systems are generally used by bacterial pathogens to deliver virulence factors into host cells to subvert normal cell functions. genome-walking was performed from the eseb and esrb genes (homologues of salmonella sseb and ssrb, respectively) identified in previous studies, to determine the sequences of the ttss. thirty-five orfs were ... | 2005 | 16000720 |
| extraintestinal manifestations of edwardsiella tarda infection. | summary edwardsiella tarda, a member of the family enterobacteriaceae, is a rare human pathogen. gastroenteritis is the most frequently reported manifestation of e. tarda infection. in contrast, extraintestinal infection with e. tarda has rarely been reported. this study made a retrospective case and microbiological data review of patients with extraintestinal e. tarda infections to further understand this disease. this study retrospectively reviewed the charts of all isolates of e. tarda cultur ... | 2005 | 16033613 |
| vaccine efficacy of recombinant gapdh of edwardsiella tarda against edwardsiellosis. | thirty-seven kilodalton glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of edwardsiella tarda was suggested to be an effective vaccine candidate against e. tarda infection in previous research. for developing a vaccine, obtaining gapdh in large quantities is necessary. in this study, we determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the gene that encodes gapdh of e. tarda, and overexpressed the gapdh of e. tarda by using the escherichia coli expression system. we immunized japanese flounder wit ... | 2005 | 16034203 |
| effect of multiple injections of beta-glucan on non-specific immune response and disease resistance in labeo rohita fingerlings. | the purpose of this study was to determine if multiple injections of different dosages of beta-glucan derived from barley would enhance the immune response and disease resistance against infections due to opportunistic pathogens aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda in labeo rohita fingerlings. hence, four different dosages of beta-glucan suspension in phosphate-buffered saline at the rate of 0, 5, 10, 15 mg kg(-1) body weight of fish were injected intraperitoneally to the fingerlings of l ... | 2006 | 16039142 |
| enteric fever-like illness caused by infection with citrobacter amalonaticus. | 'enteric fever' is a potentially fatal, severe systemic disease, which is encountered worldwide. traditionally, enteric fever refers to a bacteremic illness caused by members of certain salmonella serotypes, notably: salmonella typhi, a gram-negative bacterium, and to a lesser extent, salmonella paratyphi a, b and c. in addition, other non-salmonella organisms may produce a syndrome clinically indistinguishable from "enteric fever". brucella sp., campylobacter sp., edwardsiella tarda, enterobact ... | 2005 | 16083226 |
| the family of serratia type pore forming toxins. | the serratia marcescens hemolysin represents the prototype of a growing family of pore forming toxins. the available bacterial genome sequences reveal serratia hemolysin homologues in additional species. however, only s. marcescens hemolysin has been studied in great molecular detail. this family of toxins has nothing in common with the pore forming toxins of e. coli type (rtx toxins), the staphylococcus aureus alpha-toxin or the thiol activated toxin of group a beta-hemolytic streptococci (stre ... | 2005 | 16101433 |
| analysis of 16s-23s intergenic spacer regions of the rrna operons in edwardsiella ictaluri and edwardsiella tarda isolates from fish. | to analyse interspecies and intraspecies differences based on the 16s-23s rrna intergenic spacer region (isr) sequences of the fish pathogens edwardsiella ictaluri and edwardsiella tarda. | 2005 | 16108808 |
| genetic loci of major antigenic protein genes of edwardsiella tarda. | seven antigenic proteins of edwardsiella tarda were identified by using a rabbit polyclonal antiserum. four of these proteins also reacted with a japanese flounder antiserum. the amino acid sequences had identity to lipoproteins, periplasmic proteins, and exported and secreted proteins with roles in transport of metabolites across the cell membrane, stress response, and motility. these genes and their products are useful for developing dna or recombinant subunit vaccines to control edwardsiellos ... | 2005 | 16151172 |