| melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 in zebrafish provoking higher interferon-promoter activity through signalling enhancing of its shorter splicing variant. | melanoma differentiation-associated gene 5 (mda5) is one of the three members in the retinoic acid-inducible gene i-like receptor (rlr) family, which are cytoplasmic pathogen recognition receptors recognizing intracellular viruses. in the present study, mda5 and its spliced shorter forms, named as mda5a and mda5b, were identified in zebrafish. mda5a and mda5b can be up-regulated in cell lines following the infection of a negative ssrna virus, the spring viraemia of carp virus (svcv), and an intr ... | 0 | 24116956 |
| dna vaccines: roles against diseases. | vaccination is the most successful application of immunological principles to human health. vaccine efficacy needs to be reviewed from time to time and its safety is an overriding consideration. dna vaccines offer simple yet effective means of inducing broad-based immunity. these vaccines work by allowing the expression of the microbial antigen inside host cells that take up the plasmid. these vaccines function by generating the desired antigen inside the cells, with the advantage that this may ... | 2013 | 24432284 |
| aerobic bacterial microbiota isolated from the cloaca of the european pond turtle (emys orbicularis) in poland. | we conducted a comparative analysis of the aerobic cloacal bacteria of european pond turtles (emys orbicularis) living in their natural environment and juvenile turtles reared under controlled conditions in a breeding center. we included 130 turtles in the study. the aerobic bacteria isolated from the cloaca of the juvenile turtles were less diverse and more prevalent than the bacteria isolated from free-living adults. we isolated 17 bacterial species from juvenile captive turtles, among which t ... | 2015 | 25380369 |
| construction and evaluation of an edwardsiella tarda dna vaccine encoding outer membrane protein c. | outer membrane protein c is a porin that resides in the outer membrane, and it has been identified as an antigenic protein in many bacteria, such as escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda. in the present work, we aimed at evaluating the immune protective potential of e. tarda ompc as a dna vaccine. for this purpose, a recombinant dna plasmid encoding ompc (pcg-ompc) gene was constructed and its vaccine potential was analyzed in a flounder (paralichthys ol ... | 2017 | 28137507 |
| polysaccharides from marine macroalga, padina gymnospora improve the nonspecific and specific immune responses of cyprinus carpio and protect it from different pathogens. | immunostimulation by plant-derived compounds presents a fascinating alternative to vaccines and antibiotics in aquaculture. fish farmers are longing for immunostimulants that activate both specific and nonspecific immune responses of fish and protect fishes from all possible infections. in this study, we observed that polysaccharide fraction from marine macroalga, padina gymnospora stimulated the immune response of common carp cyprinus carpio (filed for patent, indian patent no. 201641027311 dat ... | 2016 | 27633680 |
| analysis of the antibacterial effect of an edwardsiella tarda luxs inhibitor. | luxs/ai-2 quorum sensing is involved in the virulence of many bacterial pathogens, including the fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda. in a previous study, we identified a small peptide, 5906, which inhibits e. tarda luxs activity by binding specifically to luxs in a manner that probably prevents the formation of functional luxs homodimer. in the present study, using japanese flounder as the experimental animal, we analyzed the antibacterial effect of 5906 produced by dh5α/p5906 (an escherichia coli ... | 2016 | 26848432 |
| ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression analysis of igz in rohu, labeo rohita in response to various stimuli. | this study reports presence of igz transcripts, its ontogeny, tissue distribution and expression following various stimulations/infections in rohu. the derived rohu igz sequence clustered together with igz of ctenopharyngodon idella and cyprinus carpio in phylogenetic analysis. igz expression was detected at early developmental stages with higher expression at 1 day post-fertilization, and higher in anterior kidney and lower in skin tissues of juveniles. an inductive expression of igz was observ ... | 2015 | 26055084 |
| a quorum sensing-based in vivo expression system and its application in multivalent bacterial vaccine. | delivery of antigens by live bacterial carriers can elicit effective humoral and cellular responses and may be an attractive strategy for live bacterial vaccine production through introduction of a vector that expresses an exogenous protective antigen. to overcome the instability and metabolic burden associated with plasmid introduction, alternative strategies, such as the use of in vivo-inducible promoters, have been proposed. however, screening an ideal in vivo-activated promoter with high eff ... | 2015 | 25888727 |
| emerging causes of superficial and invasive infections following marine injuries and exposures. | soft tissue bacterial infections following aquatic animal bites, stings, and minor injuries occur commonly and usually on the extremities in fishermen and beachgoers worldwide after freshwater and saltwater exposures. louisiana has more tidal, saltwater, and brackish water shorelines (more than 7,000 miles) than any other state, including alaska and hawaii. as a result, louisiana residents are often exposed to marine pathogens when fishing or working offshore or when enjoying louisiana's miles o ... | 2017 | 25075726 |
| bacterial infections from aquatic species: potential for and prevention of contact zoonoses. | as aquaculture production and the consumption of aquaculture products increase, the possibility of contracting zoonotic infections from either handling or ingesting these products also increases. the principal pathogens acquired topically from fish or shellfish through spine/pincer puncture or open wounds are aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, mycobacterium marinum, streptococcus iniae, vibrio vulnificus and v. damsela. these pathogens, which are all indigenous to the aquatic environment, ... | 2013 | 24547653 |
| bacteriophage remediation of bacterial pathogens in aquaculture: a review of the technology. | bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative to antibiotic usage and several studies on their application in aquaculture have been reported. this review highlights progress to date on phage therapies for the following fish and shellfish diseases and associated pathogens: hemorrhagic septicemia (aeromonas hydrophila) in loaches, furunculosis (aeromonas salmonicida) in trout and salmon, edwardsiellosis (edwardsiella tarda) in eel, columnaris disease (flavobacterium columnare) in catfish, ra ... | 2017 | 26713223 |
| effects of potential probiotic bacillus amyloliquefaciens [corrected] fptb16 on systemic and cutaneous mucosal immune responses and disease resistance of catla (catla catla). | effects of dietary administration of bacillus amyloliquefaciens fptb16 on systemic and mucosal immunity and disease resistance of catla (catla catla) against edwardsiella tarda infection were evaluated in the present study. the laboratory maintained b. amyloliquefaciens was used to study antagonistic activity against fish pathogenic bacteria by agar well diffusion assay. healthy catla were challenged by this bacterium for determination of its safety. for preparation of probiotic supplemented die ... | 2013 | 24012512 |
| antimicrobial agents produced by marine aspergillus terreus var. africanus against some virulent fish pathogens. | screening of fungal isolates collected from different locations of alexandria coast, egypt, was carried out to obtain new biologically active metabolites against some virulent fish pathogens (edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibrio ordalli and vibrio angularuim). among 26 fungal isolates, aspergillus terreus var. africanus was identified as the most potent isolate. production of the bioactive material was optimized using response surface methodology including fermentation media, incubat ... | 2012 | 23997326 |
| presenting a foreign antigen on live attenuated edwardsiella tarda using twin-arginine translocation signal peptide as a multivalent vaccine. | the twin-arginine translocation (tat) system is a major pathway for transmembrane translocation of fully folded proteins. in this study, a multivalent vaccine to present foreign antigens on live attenuated vaccine edwardsiella tarda wed using screened tat signal peptide was constructed. because the tat system increases the yields of folded antigens in periplasmic space or extracellular milieu, it is expected to contribute to the production of conformational epitope-derived specific antibodies. e ... | 2013 | 23994481 |
| immune effects of a bivalent expressed outer membrane protein to american eels (anguilla rostrota). | the specific and non-specific immune parameters and protection of american eels (anguilla rostrata) were evaluated after immunized eels with a bivalent expressed out membrane protein (omp) of porin ⅱ of aeromonas hydrophila and omps2 of edwardsiella tarda. one hundred eighty eels were distributed into 3 equal groups and intraperitoneal (i.p) injection with phosphate-buffered saline (pbs group), formalin-killed-whole-cell (fkc) of a. hydrophila and e. tarda (fkc group) or the bivalent omp (omp gr ... | 2013 | 23643876 |
| attempt to develop live attenuated bacterial vaccines by selecting resistance to gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, or ciprofloxacin. | in an attempt to develop attenuated bacteria as potential live vaccines, four chemicals (gossypol, proflavine hemisulfate, novobiocin, and ciprofloxacin) were used to modify the following four genera of bacteria through chemical-resistance strategy: (1) aeromonas hydrophila (9 isolates); (2) edwardsiella tarda (9 isolates); (3) streptococcus iniae (9 isolates); and (4) s. agalactiae (11 isolates). all bacteria used in this study were able to develop high resistance to gossypol. however, only som ... | 2013 | 23499519 |
| asd-based balanced-lethal system in attenuated edwardsiella tarda to express a heterologous antigen for a multivalent bacterial vaccine. | edwardsiella tarda is an enteric gram-negative invasive intracellular pathogen, which causes enteric septicemia in fish. it could be potentially used to develop a recombinant attenuated e. tarda vaccine for the aquaculture industry. because live vaccine strains can potentially be released into the environment upon vaccination, medical and environmental safety issues must be considered. deletion of the asdb gene in e. tarda resulted in a diaminopimelic acid (dap)-dependent mutant. the wild type a ... | 2013 | 23454428 |
| immune response of turbot (scophthalmus maximus l.) to a broad spectrum vaccine candidate, recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase of edwardsiella tarda. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogen which causes systemic infection in turbot. the increasing frequency of edwardsiellosis in turbot farming has stressed the need to understand the immune responses of fish, for the further development of prevention and control strategies. as a broad spectrum protective antigen, a recombinant glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (gapdh) of e. tarda eib202 has been proven to present remarkable protection against e. tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, vibri ... | 2012 | 23084627 |
| identification of bacillus strains for biological control of catfish pathogens. | bacillus strains isolated from soil or channel catfish intestine were screened for their antagonism against edwardsiella ictaluri and aeromonas hydrophila, the causative agents of enteric septicemia of catfish (esc) and motile aeromonad septicaemia (mas), respectively. twenty one strains were selected and their antagonistic activity against other aquatic pathogens was also tested. each of the top 21 strains expressed antagonistic activity against multiple aquatic bacterial pathogens including ed ... | 2012 | 23029244 |
| expression profiles of nods in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus) after infection with edwardsiella tarda, aeromonas hydrophila, streptococcus iniae and channel catfish hemorrhage reovirus. | nlrs are a large family of intracellular pathogen recognition receptors (prrs) that recognize pathogen associated molecular patterns (pamps). in the previous study, the identification of nlrs subfamily a (nods) and gene expression was carried out in channel catfish (ictalurus punctatus). however, the gene expression profiles of channel catfish nods (nod1, nod2, nlrc3, nlrc5 and nlrx1) after infection with various bacteria and virus are still unclear. in this study, expression of five nods genes ... | 2012 | 22796486 |
| expression pattern, promoter activity and bactericidal property of β-defensin from the mandarin fish siniperca chuatsi. | β-defensin (bd) are cysteine-rich, cationic antimicrobial peptides which play an important role in innate immune system against invading microbes. in the present study, the cdna cloning, expression analysis, transcriptional regulation and antimicrobial activity of β-defensin (scbd) from mandarin fish (siniperca chuatsi) were characterized. the cdna sequence of scbd is 596 bp which encodes a protein of 63 amino acids (aa). the scbd gene comprises three exons and two introns. the signal peptide is ... | 2012 | 22705342 |
| development of a multiplex polymerase chain reaction to detect five common gram-negative bacteria of aquatic animals. | a multiplex polymerase chain reaction (m-pcr) technique was developed as a rapid and accurate diagnostic tool for identifying five major gram-negative bacilli -vibrio vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, aeromonas hydrophila, chryseobacterium meningosepticum and edwardsiella tarda- that cause major diseases in cultured aquatic animals in taiwan. the expected amplicons for v. vulnificus, v. parahaemolyticus, a. hydrophila, c. meningosepticum and e. tarda were 410, 368, 685, 180 and 230bp, respectivel ... | 2012 | 22571515 |
| recombinant aeromonas hydrophila outer membrane protein 48 (omp48) induces a protective immune response against aeromonas hydrophila and edwardsiella tarda. | the gene coding for an outer membrane protein omp48 of aeromonas hydrophila isolated from an infected fish was cloned and sequenced. analysis of nucleotide sequence showed the omp48 gene to be an adhesin encoding a protein of 426 amino acids with high identity to the omp48 gene of aeromonas veronii, another fish pathogen. the gene belonged to the maltoporin group of porins and had high similarity to lamb porins of a. hydrophila, aeromonas salmonicida and vibrio parahaemolyticus. the expressed pu ... | 2012 | 22564558 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-1 (nod1) receptor in the indian major carp, rohu (labeo rohita), and analysis of its inductive expression and down-stream signalling molecules following ligands exposure and gram-negative bacterial infections. | nucleotide binding and oligomerization domain-1 (nod1) is a cytoplasmic pattern recognition receptor (prr), and is a member of the nod-like receptor (nlr) family. it senses a wide range of bacteria and viruses or their products, and plays a key role in inducing innate immunity. in this report, nod1 gene was cloned and characterized in rohu (labeo rohita), a fish species of highest commercial importance in the indian subcontinent. the full-length rohu nod1 (rnod1) cdna comprised of 3168 bp with a ... | 2012 | 22530240 |
| potential application of extracts from indian almond (terminalia catappa linn.) leaves in siamese fighting fish (betta splendens regan) culture. | indian almond (terminalia catappa linn.) leaves with green and red coloration were tested for bactericidal activity with pathogenic bacteria and their acute toxicity to siamese fighting fish (betta splendens regan). powder of indian almond leaves was extracted with water at the ratio of 1:10 (w/v) and then freeze-dried to a dry powder. bactericidal efficacy was tested against 28 isolates of pathogenic bacteria (aeromonas hydrophila, edwardsiella tarda, enterobacter spp., plesiomonas shigelloides ... | 2012 | 23885412 |
| comparison of the effects of dietary single and multi-probiotics on growth, non-specific immune responses and disease resistance in starry flounder, platichthys stellatus. | an 8-week feeding trial was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary probiotics on growth performance and non-specific immune responses in starry flounder, platichthys stellatus. fish averaging 46.5 ± 0.65 g (mean ± sd) were fed one of the six experimental diets; one control (cont), and five other diets were prepared by supplementing single-probiotics 1 (bacillus subtilis; sp1, 2 × 10(9) cfu kg(-1) diet), single-probiotics 2 (bacillus licheniformis; sp2, 2 × 10(9) cfu kg(-1) diet), multi-pro ... | 2016 | 27818339 |
| dietary bacillus subtilis fptb13 and chitin, single or combined, modulate systemic and cutaneous mucosal immunity and resistance of catla, catla catla (hamilton) against edwardsiellosis. | effects of dietary administration of bacillus subtilis fptb13 and chitin, single or combined, on the systemic immunity, mucosal immunity and resistance of catla (catla catla) against edwardsiella tarda infection were investigated. the probiotic attributes of b. subtilis was tested by conducting antagonism study, safety in catla, in vitro immunomodulation and dietary immunomodulation. results of these studies indicated the probiotic potential of the strain. from the preliminary dietary immunomodu ... | 2015 | 26616655 |
| effects of dietary supplementation of citrus by-products fermented with a probiotic microbe on growth performance, innate immunity and disease resistance against edwardsiella tarda in juvenile olive flounder, paralichthys olivaceus (temminck & schlegel). | two consecutive studies were conducted to evaluate the dietary supplementation of citrus by-products (cb) fermented with probiotic bacteria on growth performance, feed utilization, innate immune responses and disease resistance of juvenile olive flounder. in experiment i, five diets were formulated to contain 0% (control) or 3% four different cb fermented with bacillus subtilis (bs), enterococcus faecium (ef), lactobacillus rhamnosus (lr) and l. plantarum (lp) (designated as con, cbf-bs, cbf-ef, ... | 2013 | 23311661 |
| in vitro quenching of fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda ahl production using marine bacterium tenacibaculum sp. strain 20j cell extracts. | quorum quenching (qq) has become an interesting alternative for solving the problem of bacterial antibiotic resistance, especially in the aquaculture industry, since many species of fish-pathogenic bacteria control their virulence factors through quorum sensing (qs) systems mediated by n-acylhomoserine lactones (ahls). in a screening for bacterial strains with qq activity in different marine environments, tenacibaculum sp. strain 20j was identified and selected for its high degradation activity ... | 2014 | 24695235 |
| the in vivo extracellular life of facultative intracellular bacterial parasites: role in pathogenesis. | classically labeled facultative intracellular pathogens are characterized by the ability to have an intracellular phase in the host, which is required for pathogenicity, while capable of extracellular growth in vitro. the ability of these bacteria to replicate in cell-free conditions is usually assessed by culture in artificial bacteriological media. however, the extracellular growth ability of these pathogens may also be expressed by a phase of extracellular infection in the natural setting of ... | 2013 | 22795971 |
| in situ total aortic arch replacement for infected distal aortic arch aneurysms with penetrating atherosclerotic ulcer. | we present a series of patients who underwent in situ total aortic arch replacement for infected distal aortic arch aneurysms. | 2014 | 24607377 |
| essential oils to control ichthyophthiriasis in pacu, piaractus mesopotamicus (holmberg): special emphasis on treatment with melaleuca alternifolia. | in vitro effect of the melaleuca alternifolia, lavandula angustifolia and mentha piperita essential oils (eos) against ichthyophthirius multifiliis and in vivo effect of m. alternifolia for treating ichthyophthiriasis in one of the most important south american fish, piaractus mesopotamicus (holmberg), were evaluated. the in vitro test consisted of three eos, each at concentrations of 57 μl l(-1) , 114 μl l (-1) , 227 μl l(-1) and 455 μl l (-1) , which were assessed once an hour for 4 h in micro ... | 2016 | 26776242 |
| structures of a unique o-polysaccharide of edwardsiella tarda pcm 1153 containing an amide of galacturonic acid with 2-aminopropane-1,3-diol and an abequose-containing o-polysaccharide shared by e. tarda pcm 1145, pcm 1151 and pcm 1158. | lipopolysaccharides of four strains of edwardsiella tarda were degraded by mild acid hydrolysis, and the released o-polysaccharides were isolated by gpc and studied by sugar and methylation analyses along with (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy, including 2d (1)h, (1)h cosy, tocsy, roesy, (1)h, (13)c hmbc, hsqc and hsqc-tocsy experiments. the o-polysaccharide from e. tarda pcm 1153 was found to contain d-gala, d-glcnac, d-gal and 2-amino-1,3-propanediol (gron). in the tetrasaccharide repeating unit ... | 2012 | 22578768 |
| design and evaluation of an edwardsiella tarda dna vaccine co-encoding antigenic and adjuvant peptide. | edwardsiella tarda is associated with edwardsiellosis in cultured fish, resulting in heavy losses in aquaculture. so far, different types of vaccine have been attempted against e. tarda. in this study, an optimized eukaryotic expression plasmid was developed and an optimized dna vaccine co-encoding antigenic and adjuvant peptide using a bicistronic expression system was designed. as a result, a modified plasmid harbored cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter attached with r region of long terminal repea ... | 2016 | 27765700 |
| immunization of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) with an auxotrophic edwardsiella tarda mutant harboring the vhsv dna vaccine. | the aims of the present study were to find more powerful promoter for dna vaccines in olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) and to evaluate the availability of the auxotrophic edwardsiella tarda mutant (δalr δasd e. tarda) as a delivery vehicle for dna vaccine against vhsv in olive flounder. the marine medaka (oryzias dancena) β-actin promoter was clearly stronger than cytomegalovirus (cmv) promoter when the vectors were transfected to epithelioma papulosum cyprini (epc) cells or injected into ... | 2012 | 22750026 |
| complete genome sequence of the edwardsiella ictaluri-specific bacteriophage pei21, isolated from river water in japan. | we present the complete genome sequence for a novel edwardsiella ictaluri-specific bacteriophage, pei21, isolated from river water in japan. an initial comparative genome analysis revealed that the phage was closely related to the previously reported edwardsiella tarda phage msw-3 isolated from a red sea bream farm in japan. | 2014 | 24699953 |
| phenotypic traits, virulence-associated gene profile and genetic relatedness of edwardsiella tarda isolates from japanese eel anguilla japonica in korea. | edwardsiella tarda is the predominant bacterium in farm-cultured eel in korea. here, we evaluated the heterogeneity of 37 e. tarda isolates derived from japanese eel with various origins (olive flounder, common carp and ornamental fish) between 2003 and 2010. regardless of origins, the biochemical characteristics of e. tarda isolates were homogenous except hydrogen sulfide production, citrate utilization and mannitol fermentation. based on the phylogenetic analysis of 16s rrna, e. tarda isolates ... | 2014 | 24117973 |
| expression and functional characterization of vitronectin gene from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | vitronectin (vtn) is a multifunctional protein that plays significant roles in cell adhesion, migration, spreading and survival, and in the regulation of membrane attack complex formation and the terminal pathway of complement activation in innate immune response. however, the expression and immune significance of vtn in fish remains largely unknown. in order to understand the involvement of vtn in fish innate immune response, here we cloned and characterized a full-length vtn ortholog cdna, ter ... | 2017 | 28377270 |
| two distinct cxc chemokine receptors (cxcr3 and cxcr4) from the big-belly seahorse hippocampus abdominalis: molecular perspectives and immune defensive role upon pathogenic stress. | cxc chemokine receptor 3 (cxcr3) and 4 (cxcr4) are members of the seven transmembrane g protein coupled receptor family, involved in pivotal physiological functions. in this study, seahorse cxcr3 and cxcr4 (designated as hacxcr3 and hacxcr4) cdna sequences were identified from the transcriptome library and subsequently molecularly characterized. hacxcr3 and hacxcr4 encoded 363 and 373 amino acid long polypeptides, respectively. the hacxcr3 and hacxcr4 deduced proteins have typical structural fea ... | 2017 | 28341456 |
| identification and validation of srnas in edwardsiella tarda s08. | bacterial small non-coding rnas (srnas) are known as novel regulators involved in virulence, stress responsibility, and so on. recently, a lot of new researches have highlighted the critical roles of srnas in fine-tune gene regulation in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. edwardsiella tarda (e. tarda) is a gram-negative, intracellular pathogen that causes edwardsiellosis in fish. thus far, no srna has been reported in e. tarda. the present study represents the first attempt to identify srnas in e. ... | 2017 | 28267754 |
| comparative study of the vaccine potential of six outer membrane proteins of edwardsiella tarda and the immune responses of flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) after vaccination. | to obtain effective vaccine candidates for edwardsiella tarda, six outer membrane proteins (omps) of e. tarda were selected and recombinantly expressed. western blotting analysis showed that flounder anti-e. tarda serum could recognize rompv, rompk, rompx and rompi, but not romph and rompr. immunization of flounder with different romps resulted in high levels of protection following the e. tarda challenge with relative percent survivals (rps) of 92.1% (rompi), 84.2% (rompx), 68.4% (rompk), 60.5% ... | 2017 | 28242001 |
| characterization of cd3(+) t lymphocytes of japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) and its response after immunization with formalin-inactivated edwardsiella tarda. | the cd3 complex is an important cell surface marker of t lymphocytes and essential for t lymphocytes activation in higher vertebrates. in the present work, the cd3ε of japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) was recombinantly expressed in e. coli bl21 (de3) and used as an immunogen to produce mouse anti-rcd3ε polyclonal antibodies, which could specifically recognize a 20 kda protein in the membrane proteins of peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl) of japanese flounder by co-immunoprecipitation a ... | 2017 | 28232197 |
| development and application of monoclonal antibodies against igm of black rockfish sebastes schlegeli. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) against black rockfish sebastes schlegeli serum immunoglobulin m (igm) were developed, which showed a specific reaction with the heavy chain of s. schlegeli igm in western blotting and with surface igm positive (sigm(+) ) lymphocytes in indirect immunofluorescence. mab 2a6 was employed to investigate the antibody and sigm(+) lymphocyte responses of s. schlegeli injected with inactivated edwardsiella tarda, by elisa and flow cytometry. compared with controls, the leve ... | 2017 | 28224631 |
| outer membrane proteins form specific patterns in antibiotic-resistant edwardsiella tarda. | outer membrane proteins of gram-negative bacteria play key roles in antibiotic resistance. however, it is unknown whether outer membrane proteins that respond to antibiotics behave in a specific manner. the present study specifically investigated the differentially expressed outer membrane proteins of an antibiotic-resistant bacterium, edwardsiella tarda, a gram-negative pathogen that can lead to unnecessary mass medication of antimicrobials and consequently resistance development in aquaculture ... | 2017 | 28210241 |
| short-term starvation and realimentation helps stave off edwardsiella tarda infection in red sea bream (pagrus major). | dietary regime modifications have been an integral part of health and healing practices throughout the animal kingdom. thus, to assess the effects of periodic starvation and refeeding schedule on the physiological and immunological perturbations in edwardsiella tarda infected red sea bream, we conducted a 20day experiment using 4 treatment groups, namely, pre-fed placebo (pfp); pre-starved placebo (psp); pre-fed infected (pfi); and pre-starved infected (psi), wherein a 5h e. tarda infection was ... | 2017 | 28163184 |
| studies on expression pattern of toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5) in edwardsiella tarda infected pangasianodon hypophthalmus. | tlr5 is one of the important prr (pathogen recognition receptors) and plays a fundamental role in pathogen recognition and activation of innate immune responses. it recognizes bacterial flagellin and stimulates the production of proinflammatory cytokines, through signalling via the adaptor protein myd88. in this study, we characterized partial tlr5 (soluble form) gene from pangasianodon hypophthalmus and analysed its expression profile upon challenge by edwardsiella tarda. bioinformatic analysis ... | 2017 | 28159691 |
| retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i)-like receptors (rlrs) in fish: current knowledge and future perspectives. | retinoic acid-inducible gene i (rig-i) -like receptors (rlrs) are found conservatively present in teleost fish. all three members, rig-i, mda5 and lgp2, together with the downstream molecules such as mita, traf3 and tbk1, have been identified in a range of fish species. however, it is unexpected that rig-i has not been reported in fish of acanthopterygii, and it would be important to clarify the presence and role of the rig-i gene in a broad range of taxa in teleostei. rlrs in fish can be induce ... | 2017 | 28109007 |
| proteomic characterization of the interactions between fish serum proteins and waterborne bacteria reveals the suppression of anti-oxidative defense as a serum-mediated antimicrobial mechanism. | fish blood is one of the crucial tissues of innate immune system, but the full repertoire of fish serum components involved in antibacterial defense is not fully identified. in this study, we demonstrated that turbot serum, but not the heat-inactivated control, significantly reduced the number of edwardsiella tarda (e. tarda). by conjugating serum proteins with fluorescent dyes, we showed that e. tarda were coated with multiple fish proteins. in order to identify these proteins, we used e. tarda ... | 2017 | 28089893 |
| the bacterial t6ss effector evpp prevents nlrp3 inflammasome activation by inhibiting the ca(2+)-dependent mapk-jnk pathway. | inflammasome activation is an important innate immune defense mechanism against bacterial infection, and in return, bacteria express virulence determinants that counteract inflammasome activation. many such effectors are secreted into host cells via specialized bacterial secretion systems. here, the intracellular pathogenic bacterium edwardsiella tarda was demonstrated to activate nlrc4 and nlrp3 inflammasomes via a type iii secretion system (t3ss), and to inhibit nlrp3 inflammasome via a type v ... | 2017 | 28081443 |
| prosthetic hip infection with edwardsiella tarda in sickle cell beta thalassemia disease: a case report. | periprosthetic infection following total hip arthroplasty is a devastating complication that has been reported to occur in up to 1.6% of all primary total hip arthroplasties. we report a previously unrecognized gram-negative bacillus as the infecting agent in a patient with bilateral total hip arthroplasties for stage iv osteonecrosis. a 22-year-old male with combined sickle cell disease and beta thalassemia with a prior history of unknown hip surgeries and treatment for distal tibial osteomyeli ... | 2017 | 28018092 |
| transgenic overexpression of baff regulates the expression of immune-related genes in zebrafish, danio rerio. | the b-cell activating factor (baff) is a member of tumour necrosis factor (tnf) superfamily that specifically regulates b lymphocyte proliferation and survival. excess baff leads to overproduction of antibodies for secretion, anti-dsdna antibodies and a lupus-like syndrome in mice. to investigate whether transgenic overexpression of the zebrafish baff leads to immunoglobulin changes and/or early maturing of the immune system, a tol2-gfp-2a-baff/his recombinant plasmid was constructed by insertin ... | 2016 | 27994173 |
| the influence of concentration of inactivated edwardsiella tarda bacterin and immersion time on antigen uptake and expression of immune-related genes in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | our previous work has demonstrated that the immune response of japanese flounder was associated with the concentration of formalin-inactivated edwardsiella tarda and immersion time. in order to further investigate the influence of immersion vaccine dose and bath time on the antigen uptake, formalin-killed edwardsiella tarda bacterin was prepared and adjusted to four concentrations (10(9), 10(8), 10(7), 10(6) cfu ml(-1)) for 30, 60 and 90 min immersion in japanese flounder model, respectively. ab ... | 2017 | 27993703 |
| naringenin suppresses edwardsiella tarda infection in gaks cells by nana sialidase inhibition. | edwardsiella tarda (e. tarda) is a gram-negative bacterium, which causes edwardsiellosis in aquaculture. previous studies indicate that e. tarda nana sialidase plays crucial roles in infection through the desialylation of glycoproteins in fish cells. on the other hand, 2-deoxy-2,3-dehydro-n-acetylneuraminic acid, classic sialidase inhibitor, negatively regulates e. tarda infection of goldfish scale gaks cells. here, to development the suppression model of e. tarda infection for aquaculture appli ... | 2017 | 27988309 |
| glucose enhances tilapia against edwardsiella tarda infection through metabolome reprogramming. | we have recently reported that the survival of tilapia, oreochromis niloticus, during edwardsiella tarda infection is tightly associated with their metabolome, where the survived o. niloticus has distinct metabolomic profile to dying o. niloticus. glucose is the key metabolite to distinguish the survival- and dying-metabolome. more importantly, exogenous administration of glucose to the fish greatly enhances their survival for the infection, indicating the functional roles of glucose in metabolo ... | 2017 | 27965164 |
| identification and functional analysis of dual-specificity map kinase phosphatase 6 gene (dusp6) in response to immune challenges in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | dual-specificity phosphatase 6 (dusp6) is a member of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) phosphatases that play crucial roles in regulating mapk signaling and immune response. the immunological relevance of dusp6 in fish, however, remains largely uncharacterized. in the present study, a full-length japanese flounder dusp6 cdna ortholog, termed podusp6, was identified and characterized from paralichthys olivaceus. the deduced podusp6 protein is comprised of 383 amino acids with a conserved n ... | 2017 | 27940366 |
| flagellin enhances the immunoprotection of formalin-inactivated edwardsiella tarda vaccine in turbot. | edwardsiella tarda is an important fish pathogen that causes extensive losses in farmed fish around the world. various types of vaccines have been developed against e. tarda infection, such as inactivated vaccine, live attenuated vaccine and subunit vaccine. however, inactivated vaccine exhibits poor immune protection against edwardsiellosis in some reports. in this study, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of formalin-killed cells (fkc) against e. tarda with flagellin, flgd, as an adjuv ... | 2017 | 27908640 |
| feeding of nano scale oats β-glucan enhances the host resistance against edwardsiella tarda and protective immune modulation in zebrafish larvae. | in this study, we prepared and characterized the oats origin of nano scale β-glucan (nbg) and investigated the immunomodulatory properties in zebrafish larvae. newly prepared nbg (average particle size of 465 nm) was fully soluble in water. zebrafish larvae survival rate was increased against pathogenic bacteria edwardsiella tarda, when nbg was added to the water (500 μg/ml) compared to nbg non-exposed controls. moreover, quantitative real time pcr (qrt-pcr) results showed up-regulation of immun ... | 2017 | 27864158 |
| in vitro model to estimate edwardsiella tarda-macrophage interactions using raw264.7 cells. | edwardsiella tarda has been recognized as an important facultative intracellular pathogen of fish with capability of survival and replication within macrophages. e. tarda-macrophage interactions play a very important role in the defense mechanism of fish against infection. the mechanisms that e. tarda use to infect and persist inside macrophages are not well characterized. to gain insight concerning this process, raw264.7 cells was used to investigate the interactions between e. tarda and macrop ... | 2017 | 27838567 |
| edwardsiella tarda ompa encapsulated in chitosan nanoparticles shows superior protection over inactivated whole cell vaccine in orally vaccinated fringed-lipped peninsula carp (labeo fimbriatus). | the use of oral vaccination in finfish has lagged behind injectable vaccines for a long time as oral vaccines fall short of injection vaccines in conferring protective immunity. biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles (nps) have shown potential to serve as antigen delivery systems for oral vaccines. in this study the recombinant outer membrane protein a (rompa) of edwardsiella tarda was encapsulated in chitosan nps (np-rompa) and used for oral vaccination of labeo fimbriatus. the rompa purity was ... | 2016 | 27827990 |
| temperature-dependent regulation of gene expression in japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus kidney after edwardsiella tarda formalin-killed cells. | temperature affects the activities of the immune system and the susceptibility of fish to pathogens. to investigate the modulation of temperature on immune related gene expression in formalin-killed cells (fkc) of edwardsiella tarda-injected japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus, fish reared at 15 or 22 °c were injected with fkc of e. tarda. the up-regulation of immune related genes was detected in fkc-injected fish at both temperatures by qpcr. the mrna expression of ifnγ was highly up-regul ... | 2016 | 27815208 |
| the protection effect of leap-2 on the mudskipper (boleophthalmus pectinirostris) against edwardsiella tarda infection is associated with its immunomodulatory activity on monocytes/macrophages. | liver-expressed antimicrobial peptide 2 (leap-2) is a cationic peptide that plays an important role in the host's innate immune system. however, the mechanism by which leap-2 modulates/regulates the host defense against pathogens remains largely unknown. in this study, we identified a cdna sequence encoding leap-2 homolog (bpleap-2) in the mudskipper, boleophthalmus pectinirostris. sequence analysis revealed that bpleap-2 belonged to the fish leap-2a cluster and that it was closely related to ay ... | 2016 | 27765699 |
| eha, a regulator of edwardsiella tarda, required for resistance to oxidative stress in macrophages. | edwardsiella tarda is distributed widely in a variety of hosts. eha has recently been found to be its virulence regulator. in order to explore the mechanism of its regulation, we investigated the survival rates of wild type strain et13, and its eha mutant and complemented strains in raw264.7 macrophages under light microscopic observation as well as by counting bacterial cfus on the plates. all of the different strains could live within the macrophages; however, the intracellular numbers of the ... | 2016 | 27511959 |
| quantitative proteomic analysis of edwardsiella tarda in response to oxytetracycline stress in biofilm. | edwardsiella tarda is a virulent fish pathogen that causes extensive economic losses in the aquaculture industry worldwide. the antibiotic resistance status of e. tarda is high, especially in the biofilm status; however, the mechanisms underlying its resistance remain largely unknown. in this study, isobaric tag for relative and absolute quantitation (itraq)-based quantitative proteomics methods were used to compare the differential expression of e. tarda in response to oxytetracycline (oxy) str ... | 2017 | 27638425 |
| molecular and functional characterization of caspase-8 from the big-belly seahorse (hippocampus abdominalis). | apoptosis is a physiological process that can also participate in host immune defense mechanisms, including tumor growth suppression along with homeostasis and maturation of immune cells. caspases are known to be involved in cellular apoptotic signaling; among them, caspase-8 plays an important role in the initiation phase of the apoptotic death cascade. in the current study, we molecularly characterized a caspase-8 homolog (designated as hacasp-8) from hippocampus abdominalis. the hacasp-8 gene ... | 2016 | 27732898 |
| dna shuffling approach for recombinant polyvalent ompas against v. alginolyticus and e. tarda infections. | molecular breeding via dna shuffling directs the evolution of vaccines with desired traits. in the present study, polyvalent ompa vaccines were generated by dna shuffling of five ompa genes from four species of bacteria vibrio parahaemolyticus, v. alginolyticus, edwardsiella tarda and escherichia coli. first, a new hybrid ompa was constructed using va0764 primers and used for construction of a prokaryotic expressing library pompas-fv containing 84 ompas, which were validated by pcr and sds/page. ... | 2016 | 27697557 |
| identification and expression analysis of suppressors of cytokine signaling (socs) of japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | suppressor of cytokine signaling (socs) family members are key regulators of the immune system, particularly cytokine action, and have now been discovered in a number of fish species. here we identified eight socs proteins (cish, socs1a, socs1b, socs3a, socs3b, socs5, socs6 and socs9) in the japanese flounder and analyzed their mrna expressions after injection of poly (i:c) and formalin-killed cells (fkc) of edwardsiella tarda. the expressions of all eight socs genes were detected in all the tis ... | 2016 | 27640157 |
| immunological characterization and expression of lily-type lectin in response to environmental stress in turbot (scophthalmus maximus). | lectins are a superfamily of carbohydrate-binding proteins that are widely distributed throughout living organisms. in earlier work, we identified lily-type lectin (smltl) in the skin mucus of turbot scophthalmus maximus, and we characterized the protein in the present study. results from qrt-pcr indicated that smltl was expressed highly in skin, intestine and gill tissue. changes in smltl expression occurred in these tissues in response to environmental stressors including ciliate infection, hi ... | 2016 | 27542614 |
| dna vaccine encoding molecular chaperone groel of edwardsiella tarda confers protective efficacy against edwardsiellosis. | in the present study, molecular chaperone groel of edwardsiella tarda was found both react with flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) anti-recombinant groel (rgroel) and anti-e. tarda antibodies, and it was both detected in the outer membrane and the secretome. to evaluate the vaccine potential of groel, pci-neo-gfp-groel (pcg-groel) was prepared and used to vaccinate healthy flounder, and immune protective effects were investigated. the results showed that pcg-groel produced an rps of 60% following ... | 2016 | 27701022 |
| selecting stable reference genes for real-time quantitative pcr analysis in edwardsiella tarda. | edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative pathogenic bacterium in aquaculture which can cause hemorrhagic septicemia in fish. many secreted proteins have been identified as virulent factors of e. tarda. while the virulent phenotype is based on the expression regulation of the virulent genes. it is important to understand the expression profile of the virulent genes. quantitative rt-pcr is one of the preferred methods for determining different gene expressions. it is important to select the most stab ... | 2016 | 27666991 |
| immunoglobulin tau heavy chain (igt) in flounder, paralichthys olivaceus: molecular cloning, characterization, and expression analyses. | immunoglobulin tau (igt) is a new teleost immunoglobulin isotype, and its potential function in adaptive immunity is not very clear. in the present study, the membrane-bound and secreted igt (migt and sigt) heavy chain genes were cloned for the first time and characterized in flounder (paralichthys olivaceus), and found the nucleic acid sequence were exactly same in the cτ1-cτ4 constant domains of migt and sigt, but different in variable regions and the c-terminus. the amino acid sequence of mig ... | 2016 | 27649168 |
| characterization and functional analysis of a novel c1q-domain-containing protein in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | the complement system is important in the innate immune response. c1q-domain-containing proteins have multiple functions and occur extensively in invertebrates and vertebrates. in this study, poc1ql3 encoding a c1q-domain-containing protein in the japanese flounder was identified. the 266-amino-acid polypeptide encoded, poc1ql3, shares high sequence and structural similarity with orthologues in other fish and mammals. poc1ql3 is abundantly expressed in the brain, but less in the blood, gills, an ... | 2017 | 27601208 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of nod-like receptor 5 in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) after injection with two different formalin-killed pathogenic bacteria and poly (i:c). | nod-like receptors (nlrs) are members of pattern recognition receptors (prrs) recognized intracellular pathogens. here, we identified a type of nlr with a card domain (nlrc5) in japanese flounder, paralichthys olivaceus (jfnlrc5). the coding sequence jfnlrc5 is 5529 bp long and encodes a protein of 1842 deduced amino acid residues. jfnlrc5 transcripts were highly detected in gills, intestine and spleen of healthy fish. in japanese flounder stimulated with poly (i:c), jfnlrc5 was significantly up ... | 2017 | 27592048 |
| molecular characterization reveals involvement of four caspases in the antibacterial immunity of tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). | caspases are a family of proteases involved in many important biological processes including apoptosis and inflammation. in this study, we analyzed in a comparative manner the expression patterns and immune effects of four different types of caspases, i.e. caspase-1 (cscas1), caspase-2 (cscas2), caspase-3 (cscas3), and caspase-9 (cscas9), from the teleost fish tongue sole (cynoglossus semilaevis). cscas1, cscas2, cscas3, and cscas9 share 35.4%-58.5%, 61.2%-75.3%, 52.3%-65.6%, and 63.0%-76.2% ove ... | 2016 | 27566101 |
| characterization of a 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin from big-belly seahorse (hippocampus abdominalis); insights into host antioxidant defense, molecular profiling and its expressional response to septic conditions. | 1-cysteine peroxiredoxin (prx6) is an antioxidant enzyme that protects cells by detoxifying multiple peroxide species. this study aimed to describe molecular features, functional assessments and potential immune responses of prx6 identified from the big-belly seahorse, hippocampus abdominalis (haprx6). the complete orf (666 bp) of haprx6 encodes a polypeptide (24 kda) of 222 amino acids, and harbors a prominent peroxiredoxin super-family domain, a peroxidatic catalytic center, and a peroxidatic ... | 2016 | 27542613 |
| on the synonymy of edwardsiellatarda ewing and mcwhorter 1965 (approved lists 1980) and edwardsiellaanguillimortifera (hoshina 1962) sakazaki and tamura 1975 (approved lists 1980), an old problem in need of a solution. | edwardsiella tarda ewing and mcwhorter 1965 (approved lists 1980) and edwardsiella anguillimortifera (hoshina 1962) sakazaki and tamura 1975 (approved lists 1980) are known to be synonyms that share the same nomenclatural type. edwardsiella tarda ewing and mcwhorter 1965 (approved lists 1980) is the nomenclatural type of the genus edwardsiella ewing and mcwhorter 1965 (approved lists 1980). the question of the priority of the epithet anguillimortifera hoshina 1962 over the epithet tarda ewing an ... | 2016 | 27539016 |
| comparative analysis of sigma factors rpos, flia, and rpon in edwardsiella tarda. | sigma factors are important regulators that bacteria employ to cope with environmental changes. studies on the functions of sigma factors have uncovered their roles in many important cellular activities, such as growth, stress tolerance, motility, biofilm formation, and virulence. however, comparative analyses of sigma factors that examine their common and unique features or elucidate their cross-regulatory relationships have rarely been conducted for edwardsiella tarda. here, we characterized a ... | 2016 | 27529795 |
| edwardsiella tarda bacteremia with metastatic gastric cancer. | edwardsiella tarda (e. tarda) is a rare human pathogen; however, the overall mortality of bacteremia is reported to be up to 50%. here, we describe a case of cholangitis with e. tarda bacteremia who had a pancreatoduodenectomy for a locally advanced gastric cancer. he was successfully treated using a cefmetazole, a second generation cephalosporin for 14 days. to the best of our knowledge, this is the first case report about e. tarda bacteremia after biliary reconstruction. | 2016 | 27516970 |
| identification of the interactome between fish plasma proteins and edwardsiella tarda reveals tissue-specific strategies against bacterial infection. | elucidating the complex pathogen-host interaction is essential for a comprehensive understanding of how these remarkable agents invade their hosts and how the hosts defend against these invaders. during the infection, pathogens interact intensively with host to enable their survival, which can be revealed through their interactome. edwardsiella tarda is a gram-negative bacterial pathogen causing huge economic loss in aquaculture and a spectrum of intestinal and extraintestinal diseases in humans ... | 2016 | 27458055 |
| edwardsiella tarda outer membrane protein c: an immunogenic protein induces highly protective effects in flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) against edwardsiellosis. | outer membrane protein c of edwardsiella tarda is a major cell surface antigen and it was identified to be an immunogenic protein by western blot using flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) anti-recombinant ompc (rompc), and anti-e. tarda antibodies. rompc tested the immune protective effect against e. tarda challenge in a flounder model and produced a relative percentage of survival rate of 85%. the immune response of flounder induced by rompc was investigated, and the results showed that: (1) the ... | 2016 | 27420049 |
| three-dimensional visualization of green fluorescence protein-labelled edwardsiella tarda in whole medaka larvae. | the invasive fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda is common in aquatic environments and causes the environmentally and economically destructive emphysematous putrefactive disease called edwardsiellosis. in order to understand the organism's infection pathway, medaka larvae (oryzias latipes) were immersion-infected with e. tarda labelled with green fluorescence protein (gfp) and then visualized in three dimensions under confocal laser microscopy and light-sheet fluorescence microscopy. confocal micro ... | 2017 | 27416977 |
| tolc plays a crucial role in immune protection conferred by edwardsiella tarda whole-cell vaccines. | although vaccines developed from live organisms have better efficacy than those developed from dead organisms, the mechanisms underlying this differential efficacy remain unexplored. in this study, we combined sub-immunoproteomics with immune challenge to investigate the action of the outer membrane proteome in the immune protection conferred by four edwardsiella tarda whole-cell vaccines prepared via different treatments and to identify protective immunogens that play a key role in this immune ... | 2016 | 27406266 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oil of eucalyptus globulus against fish pathogenic bacteria. | the antibacterial activities of the essential oil of eucalyptus globulus (eoeg) was determined against 7 fish pathogenic bacteria (edwardsiella tarda, streptococcus iniae, s. parauberis, lactococcus garviae, vibrio harveyi, v. ichthyoenteri and photobacterium damselae) obtained from farmed olive flounder. the inhibitory activity was evaluated by three methods: disc diffusion method, minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) and minimum bactericidal concentration (mbc). according to the disc diffusi ... | 2016 | 27382376 |
| molecular cloning and expression analysis of a new lily-type lectin in the rock bream, oplegnathus fasciatus. | a new lily-type lectin rbltl was identified from rock bream (oplegnathus fasciatus) and its expression analysed. in this study, a new lily-type lectin gene (rbltl) was cloned from rock bream using expressed sequence tag (est) analysis. the full-length rbltl cdna was encoding a 117-amino acid protein. the deduced amino acid sequence of rbltl contained all of the conserved features crucial for its fundamental structure, including b-lectin domain and three d-mannose binding sites. rbltl mrna was pr ... | 2016 | 27345170 |
| distinct immune tones are established by lactococcus lactis bfe920 and lactobacillus plantarum fgl0001 in the gut of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | the immune tone is defined as an immunological state during which the readiness for immune response is potentiated. the establishment of immune tone in the gut of olive flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) was investigated by feeding lactococcus lactis bfe920 (ll) or lactobacillus plantarum fgl0001 (lp). ll-fed flounder showed significantly increased levels of regulatory genes (foxp3, il-10, and tgf-β1), cd18, and cd83 in the gut. in contrast, lp feeding drastically increased proinflammatory genes ... | 2016 | 27320869 |
| expression and role of gap junction protein connexin43 in immune challenge-induced extracellular atp release in japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). | connexin43 (cx43) is the best characterized gap junction protein that allows the direct exchange of signaling molecules during cell-to-cell communications. the immunological functions and atp permeable properties of cx43 have been insensitively examined in mammals. the similar biological significance of cx43 in lower vertebrates, however, is not yet understood. in the present study we identified and characterized a cx43 ortholog (termed pocx43) from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) and ... | 2016 | 27291350 |
| computer-aided vaccine designing approach against fish pathogens edwardsiella tarda and flavobacterium columnare using bioinformatics softwares. | edwardsiella tarda and flavobacterium columnare are two important intracellular pathogenic bacteria that cause the infectious diseases edwardsiellosis and columnaris in wild and cultured fish. prediction of major histocompatibility complex (mhc) binding is an important issue in t-cell epitope prediction. in a healthy immune system, the t-cells must recognize epitopes and induce the immune response. in this study, t-cell epitopes were predicted by using in silico immunoinformatics approach with t ... | 2016 | 27284239 |
| edwardsiella tarda esae (orf19 protein) is required for the secretion of type iii substrates, and pathogenesis in fish. | type iii secretion system (t3ss) is a large macromolecular assembly found on the surface of many pathogenic gram-negative bacteria. edwardsiella tarda is an important gram-negative pathogen that employs t3ss to deliver effectors into host cells to facilitate its survival and replication. eseb, esec, and esed, when secreted, form a translocon complex esebcd on host membranes through which effectors are translocated. the orf19 gene (esae) of e. tarda is located upstream of esak, and downstream of ... | 2016 | 27283851 |
| esee of edwardsiella tarda augments secretion of translocon protein esec and expression of the escc-esee operon. | edwardsiella tarda is an important gram-negative pathogen that employs a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to deliver effectors into host cells to facilitate bacterial survival and replication. these effectors are translocated into host cells through a translocon complex composed of three secreted proteins, namely, eseb, esec, and esed. the secretion of eseb and esed requires a chaperone protein called escc, whereas the secretion of esec requires the chaperone esca. in this study, we identified a ... | 2016 | 27271743 |
| antigen uptake and expression of antigen presentation-related immune genes in flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) after vaccination with an inactivated edwardsiella tarda immersion vaccine, following hyperosmotic treatment. | antigen uptake is a critical process for activation of the immune system, and therefore the ability to enhance antigen uptake is a primary consideration in the development of an immersion vaccination of fish. in the present work, flounders (paralichthys olivaceus) were immersed in three hyperosmotic solutions with 40, 50 and 60‰ salinities, then transferred into seawater of normal salinity (i.e. 30‰) containing formalin-inactivated edwardsiella tarda for 30 min. the antigen uptake in vaccinated ... | 2016 | 27263114 |
| the serine protease autotransporter tsh contributes to the virulence of edwardsiella tarda. | the temperature-sensitive hemagglutinin (tsh), identified as serine protease autotransporters of the enterobacteriaceae (spates) proteins, is an important virulence factor for avian-pathogenic escherichia coli (apec) and uropathogenic e. coli. however, little is known about the role of tsh as a virulence factor in edwardsiella tarda, a severe fish pathogen. in this study, we characterized the tsh of e. tarda (named tshet) and examined its function and vaccine potential. tshet is composed of 1224 ... | 2016 | 27259829 |
| lactoferrin decreases the intestinal inflammation triggered by a soybean meal-based diet in zebrafish. | intestinal inflammation is a harmful condition in fish that can be triggered by the ingestion of soybean meal. due to the positive costs-benefits ratio of including soybean meal in farmed fish diets, identifying additives with intestinal anti-inflammatory effects could contribute to solving the issues caused by this plant protein. this study evaluated the effect of incorporating lactoferrin (lf) into a soybean meal-based diet on intestinal inflammation in zebrafish. larvae were fed with diets co ... | 2016 | 27247950 |
| nod2 in zebrafish functions in antibacterial and also antiviral responses via nf-κb, and also mda5, rig-i and mavs. | nod2/ripk2 signalling plays essential role in the modulation of innate and adaptive immunity in mammals. in this study, nod2 was functionally characterized in zebrafish (danio rerio), and its interaction with a receptor-interaction protein, ripk2, and rlrs such as mda5 and rig-i, as well as the adaptor, mavs was revealed in fish innate immunity. the expression of nod2 and ripk2 in zf4 cells has been constitutive and can be induced by the infection of edwardsiella tarda and svcv. the nod2 can sen ... | 2016 | 27235368 |
| intracellular translocation and localization of edwardsiella tarda type iii secretion system effector eseg in host cells. | edwardsiella tarda, an important fish pathogenic bacterium, could utilize type iii secretion system (t3ss) to transfer multiple effector proteins into host cells during infection. eseg was identified to be an e. tarda t3ss effector, which could be injected by t3ss into non-phagocytic cells. since e. tarda is a facultative intracellular pathogen that resides and replicates in macrophage, it is interesting to expand our knowledge about eseg translocation and localization within phagocytic cells. h ... | 2016 | 27208750 |
| a prebiotic role of ecklonia cava improves the mortality of edwardsiella tarda-infected zebrafish models via regulating the growth of lactic acid bacteria and pathogen bacteria. | in this study, the beneficial prebiotic roles of ecklonia cava (e. cava, ec) were evaluated on the growth of lactic acid bacteria (lab) and pathogen bacteria and the mortality of pathogen-bacteria infected zebrafish model. the result showed that the original e. cava (ec) led to the highest growth effects on three labs (lactobacillus brevis, l. brevis; lactobacillus pentosus, l. pentosus; lactobacillus plantarum; l. plantarum) and it was dose-dependent manners. also, ec, its celluclast enzymatic ... | 2016 | 27192145 |
| expression, secretion and bactericidal activity of type vi secretion system in vibrio anguillarum. | the type vi secretion system (t6ss) was recently shown to modulate quorum sensing and the stress response in vibrio anguillarum serotype o1 strain nb10. it is not known whether there is a functionally active t6ss in other serotypes of v. anguillarum. here, homologues to t6ss cluster vtsefgh and hemolysin-coregulated protein (hcp)-encoding genes were found to be prevalent and conserved in clinical isolates of v. anguillarum from fish, including four o1 and five non-o1 serotype strains. unexpected ... | 2016 | 27172981 |
| orf13 in the type iii secretion system gene cluster of edwardsiella tarda binds to the mammalian factor cugbp2. | the type iii secretion system (ttss) is essential for the intracellular replication of edwardsiella tarda in phagocytes of fish and mammals, and a hypothetical gene (orf13) located in the ttss gene cluster is required for intracellular replication and virulence of e. tarda. here, we show that under ttss-inducing conditions, the protein orf13 was secreted into culture supernatant. then, using a yeast 2-hybrid screen, we show that the mammalian factor cugbp2, which regulates apoptosis in breast ca ... | 2016 | 27137075 |
| immunomodulation of lactobacillus pentosus pl11 against edwardsiella tarda infection in the head kidney cells of the japanese eel (anguilla japonica). | wild and farm-raised fish can be simultaneously exposed to different types of pathogens in their habitats. hence, it is important to study their effects, whether isolated or in combination. therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of lactobacillus pentosus pl11 on the transcription of specific cytokine genes related to immune response, using japanese eel macrophages as an in vitro model. head kidney leukocytes were isolated from japanese eels and cell viability was determined ... | 2016 | 27108377 |
| cloning and characterization of apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card domain (asc) gene from japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. | apoptosis-associated speck-like protein containing a card domain (asc) is a critical adaptor molecule in multiple inflammasome protein complexes that mediate inflammation and host defense. however, few studies have been performed in lower vertebrates such as in teleost. here we identified and characterized a novel asc gene (namely poasc) from japanese flounder paralichthys olivaceus. the complete cdna sequence of poasc contains a 22 bp 5'-untranslated sequence, a 612 bp open reading frame, and a ... | 2016 | 27103005 |
| identification and characterization of atp-gated p2x2 receptor gene dominantly expressed in the japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus) head kidney macrophages. | p2x2 receptor (p2x2r) belongs to the family of purinergic receptors that have been shown to play important roles in regulating host innate immune response. although the immunologic significance of p2x2r has been studied in mammals, the presence and immune relevance of p2x2r in fish remains unclear. in this study we extended our previous observations by identifying and characterizing a p2x2r ortholog (termed pop2x2r) from japanese flounder (paralichthys olivaceus). quantitative real-time pcr anal ... | 2016 | 27103003 |
| the global regulatory effect of edwardsiella tarda fur on iron acquisition, stress resistance, and host infection: a proteomics-based interpretation. | ferric uptake regulator (fur) is an important transcriptional regulator of gram-negative bacteria. edwardsiella tarda is a severe fish bacterial pathogen with a broad host range that includes humans. in this study, we examined the regulatory function of fur in e. tarda via a proteomic approach. compared to the wild type tx01, the fur mutant tx01δfur exhibited (i) retarded growth, (ii) enhanced siderophore production, (iii) increased acid tolerance, which is in contrast to observations in other b ... | 2016 | 27102497 |