Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted descending) Filter |
|---|
| groel dependency affects codon usage--support for a critical role of misfolding in gene evolution. | it has recently been suggested that the use of optimal codons limits mistranslation-induced protein misfolding, yet evidence for this remains largely circumstantial. in contrast, molecular chaperones have long been recognized to play crucial roles in misfolding prevention and remedy. we propose that putative error limitation in cis can be elucidated by examining the interaction between codon usage and chaperoning processes. using escherichia coli as a model system, we find that codon optimality ... | 2010 | 20087338 |
| chaperonin activity modulates codon adaptation. | 2010 | 20087337 | |
| selective deletion of cd8(+) cells upregulated by caspases-1 via il-18 in mice immunized with major outer membrane protein of shigella dysenteriae 1 following infection. | introduction: mucosal lymphoid changes were observed in cryopreserved rectal tissues obtained from balb/c mice infected with shigella dysenteriae 1, immunized with 57-kda major antigenic outer membrane protein, and infection after immunization. discussion: our data suggested that caspase-3 is downregulated in cd4(+) cells of immunized balb/c mice following infection with substantial increased expression of interleukin (il)-2 and interferon (ifn)-gamma, while caspase-1 is upregulated in cd8(+) ce ... | 2010 | 20084439 |
| diarrhea associated hemolytic uremic syndrome: a 3-year picu experience from nepal. | 2009 | 20072865 | |
| antibodies against recombinant shiga toxin subunit b neutralize shiga toxin toxicity in hela cells. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 and escherichia coli o157:h7 produce shiga toxin 1 (stx) and shiga toxin1 (stx1), respectively and these two toxins are almost identical. e. coli o157:h7 is the major cause of diarrhea-associated hemolytic uremic syndrome. stx and stx1 are ab5 type of toxin with a molecular weight of 70 kda, comprising an enzymaticaly-active a subunit (32 kda) and five receptor-binding b subunits (7.7 kda). in this study dna fragment (289 bp, gene bank accn no. ef685161) coding for b ... | 2010 | 20044923 |
| the isolation of bacillus dysenteriae from stools. | 1910 | 19971981 | |
| modification of bacillus dysenteriae after cultivation in agglutinating serum. | 1906 | 19971738 | |
| a motile culture of bacillus dysenteriae. | 1904 | 19971613 | |
| inactivated and subunit vaccines to prevent shigellosis. | shigellosis remains a formidable disease globally, with children of the developing world bearing the greatest number of infections. the need for an affordable, safe and efficacious vaccine has persisted for decades. vaccines to prevent shigellosis can be divided into living and nonliving approaches. several nonliving shigella vaccines are currently at different stages of development and show substantial promise. outlined here is an overview of multiple nonliving vaccine technologies, highlightin ... | 2009 | 19943764 |
| characterization of wrss2 and wrss3, new second-generation virg(icsa)-based shigella sonnei vaccine candidates with the potential for reduced reactogenicity. | live, attenuated shigella vaccine candidates, such as shigella sonnei strain wrss1, shigella flexneri 2a strain sc602, and shigella dysenteriae 1 strain wrsd1, are attenuated principally by the loss of the virg(icsa) protein. these candidates have proven to be safe and immunogenic in volunteer trials and in one study, efficacious against shigellosis. one drawback of these candidate vaccines has been the reactogenic symptoms of fever and diarrhea experienced by the volunteers, that increased in a ... | 2010 | 19932216 |
| adaptive immune responses during shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection: an in vitro stimulation with 57 kda major antigenic omp in the presence of anti-cd3 antibody. | an effort was made to understand the role of the 57 kda major antigenic fraction of shigella outer membrane protein (omp) in the presence of t-cell antigen receptor in activation of adaptive immune responses of the cell mediated immune (cmi) restored patients. the expression of hla-dr/cd4 out of cd3(+) t-cells was significantly dominant over the hla-dr/cd8 and comparable to unstimulated cells of infected or healthy controls. cd4(+) t-cell activation together with hla-dr is associated with the ex ... | 2010 | 19915959 |
| caspase-8-mediated cleavage of bid and protein phosphatase 2a-mediated activation of bax are necessary for verotoxin-1-induced apoptosis in burkitt's lymphoma cells. | verotoxin (vt-1) is a cytotoxin, produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 or by shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli, which binds specifically to globotriaosylceramide (gb3). this glycosphingolipid is a b cell differentiation antigen (gb3/cd77) strongly expressed on burkitt's lymphoma cells. we have previously shown that, in these cells, vt-1 induces apoptosis via a caspase- and mitochondria-dependent pathway. in this report, we provide new insights into this signal transduction pathway. first, ... | 2010 | 19895884 |
| preparation and properties of shiga toxin and toxoid. | 1. shigella dysenteriae (shiga) can, under the proper cultural conditions, produce a soluble toxin which is independent of the specific somatic polysaccharide antigen. a method is described for the rapid production of this toxin by an avirulent r variant of this organism. 2. the amount of bacterial protoplasm synthesized, and the yield of toxin produced, are very much increased when the culture is grown under conditions which favor aerobic metabolism and which do not permit accumulation of organ ... | 1946 | 19871559 |
| the multiplication of bacteriophage in vivo and its protective effect against an experimental infection with shigella dysenteriae. | 1. anti-shiga bacteriophage injected into the general circulation can multiply in the brain of mice infected intracerebrally with shigella dysenteriae. 2. under proper conditions, the injection of active bacteriophage into the general circulation can protect mice against an otherwise fatal intracerebral infection with shigella dysenteriae. 3. the protection so induced appears to depend upon the early establishment of a high bacteriophage level in the infected animal. | 1943 | 19871319 |
| separation of the toxins of bacillus dysenteriae shiga. | by the suppression, through anaerobiosis, of the exotoxin-producing activity of bacillus dysenteriae shiga a pure endotoxin is produced directly from the culture. the duality of the poison of shiga bacillus is further substantiated by studies on the diffusion of exotoxin, or neurotoxin, and endotoxin, or enterotoxin, by means of collodion sacs, implanted intraabdominally in rabbits or placed in vitro. | 1923 | 19868758 |
| studies on the phenomenon of d'herelle with bacillus dysenteriae. | it has been shown that a lytic fluid for dysentery bacilli can be obtained from the peritoneum of the guinea pig by intraperitoneal inoculation of live dysentery bacilli, and that the lytic action of such a fluid is not strictly specific, but that it exerts a group action on the dysentery-colon-typhoid group of bacilli. a lytic fluid with similar effects was obtained from a child dying of flexner dysentery infection, and an anti-colon bacillus lytic fluid from a child who died of intussusception ... | 1921 | 19868572 |
| divisions of the so called flexner group of dysentery bacilli. | from these data it is seen that ill defined divisions of the so called flexner group exist. the divisions do not appear to be sufficiently distinct to warrant the use of separate names. to avoid confusion all mannitol-fermenting dysentery bacilli should be called bacillus dysenteriae flexner and the subdivision noted. there are two methods for this division, one by the fermentation of carbohydrates, the other by agglutination with monovalent rabbit sera. these do not coincide and one or the othe ... | 1920 | 19868467 |
| toxins and antitoxins of bacillus dysenteriae shiga. | with the methods which have been described we have separated an exotoxin and an endotoxin from cultures of the shiga dysenteric bacillus. the study of the nature and effect of the poison of this microorganism is thus simplified. the two toxins are physically and biologically distinct. the exotoxin is relatively heat-labile, arises in the early period of growth, and yields an antiexotoxic immune serum. the endotoxin, on the other hand, is heat-stable, is formed in the later period of growth, and ... | 1920 | 19868386 |
| the survival of leptospira (spirochaeta) icterohaemorrhagiae in nature; observations concerning microchemical reactions and intermediary hosts. | 1. leptospira icterohaemorrhagiae is unable to grow in the urine, either with or without the addition of suitable culture ingredients, the acidity of the urine being detrimental to the growth. it survives less than 24 hours, unless the urine is neutralized or slightly alkalized, when the period of survival is somewhat longer. if suitable nutrient ingredients are added to the neutralized or slightly alkalized urine, the organism is able to grow for about 10 days, after which multiplication ceases ... | 1918 | 19868229 |
| the resistance of spirochetes to the action of hexamethylenetetramine derivatives and mercurial and arsenic compounds. | the majority of the 76 new compounds possessed spirocheticidal powers ranging between 1: 1,000 (30) to 1:2,500 (14), while only 2 attained the power of 1:5,000, 1 of 1: 25,000, and 2 of 1: 50,000. on the other hand, 8 killed the spirochetes in a dilution of 1: 750, 10 in 1:500, 7 in 1:250. 1 in 1: 100, and 1 in 1:50. it may be mentioned that the 2 (m1, m4) of 1:50,000 and 1 (m7) of 1:25,000 belong to the mercury compounds, and that mercuric chloride kills the organisms in a dilution of 1: 100,00 ... | 1917 | 19868094 |
| the relation of types of diarrhoea in children to strains of bacillus dysenteriae. | 1906 | 19867045 | |
| the etiology of acute dysentery in the united states. | 1. the several standard cultures used in this study are indistinguishable -a conclusion previously reached and stated by flexner. 2. the acute dysentery of the united states is due to a bacillus indistinguishable from that obtained from the epidemics of dysentery in several other parts of the world. 3. the sporadic and the institutional outbreaks of acute dysentery are caused by the same microorganism, and this organism is identical with that causing epidemic acute dysentery. 4. the cause of acu ... | 1902 | 19866970 |
| the shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 proteome, profiled in the host intestinal environment, reveals major metabolic modifications and increased expression of invasive proteins. | shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) causes the most severe form of epidemic bacillary dysentery. we present the first comprehensive proteome analysis of this pathogen, profiling proteins from bacteria cultured in vitro and bacterial isolates from the large bowel of infected gnotobiotic piglets (in vivo). overall, 1061 distinct gene products were identified. differential display analysis revealed that sd1 cells switched to an anaerobic energy metabolism in vivo. high in vivo abundances of amino ... | 2009 | 19813213 |
| bcl-2 regulates the onset of shiga toxin 1-induced apoptosis in thp-1 cells. | shiga toxins (stxs), which are proteins expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 and some serotypes of escherichia coli, are potent protein synthesis inhibitors. stx-producing organisms cause bloody diarrhea with the potential to progress to acute renal failure and central nervous system complications. studies using animal models of these diseases have shown that stxs are major virulence factors, and purified toxins have been shown to be capable of killing many types of ... | 2009 | 19752028 |
| structure of the heme/hemoglobin outer membrane receptor shua from shigella dysenteriae: heme binding by an induced fit mechanism. | shigella dysentriae and other gram-negative human pathogens are able to use iron from heme bound to hemoglobin for growing. we solved at 2.6 a resolution the 3d structure of the tonb-dependent heme/hemoglobin outer membrane receptor shua from s. dysenteriae. shua binds to hemoglobin and transports heme across the outer membrane. the structure consists of a c-terminal domain that folds into a 22-stranded transmembrane beta-barrel, which is filled by the n-terminal plug domain. one distal histidin ... | 2010 | 19731368 |
| study on induction of apoptosis on hela and vero cells by recombinant shiga toxin and its subunits. | verotoxin (vt) or shiga toxin (stx) produced by enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) and shigella dysenteriae is ab5 holotoxin with potent protein synthesis inhibitor. vt can induce both apoptosis and necrosis depending on the cell type, it has been shown that vt-induced apoptosis and cytotoxicity are distinct processes, and the a subunit can be necessary for apoptosis. in other words, the precise role of each subunit in apoptosis signaling has yet to be established. in this study, inductio ... | 2009 | 19669659 |
| an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae in sweden, may-june 2009, with sugar snaps as the suspected source. | we report an outbreak of shigella dysenteriae type 2 infections during may-june 2009 in sweden, involving 47 suspected cases of whom 35 were laboratory-confirmed. the epidemiological investigation based on interviews with the patients pointed at sugar snaps from kenya as the source. shigella was not detected in samples of sugar snaps. however, escherichia coli was confirmed in three of four samples indicating contamination by faecal material. during april to may 2009 outbreaks with shigella conn ... | 2009 | 19607782 |
| an unusual channel of infection with the bacillus shigae. | 1905 | 19601185 | |
| porin of shigella dysenteriae directly promotes toll-like receptor 2-mediated cd4+ t cell survival and effector function. | porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 up-regulated toll-like receptor (tlr)2 on cd3-stimulated cd4(+) t cells but could not induce the expression of other tlrs. tlr2 in association with myeloid differentiating factor 88 (myd88) triggered the downstream signal transduction pathway leading to activation of mitogen-activated protein kinase (mapk) and nuclear factor kappab (nf-kappab), and degradation of ikappab, the nf-kappab inhibitor. tlr2 co-stimulation by porin resulted in t cell expansion by in ... | 2009 | 19576636 |
| comparison of two label-free global quantitation methods, apex and 2d gel electrophoresis, applied to the shigella dysenteriae proteome. | the in vitro stationary phase proteome of the human pathogen shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 (sd1) was quantitatively analyzed in coomassie blue g250 (cbb)-stained 2d gels. more than four hundred and fifty proteins, of which 271 were associated with distinct gel spots, were identified. in parallel, we employed 2d-lc-ms/ms followed by the label-free computationally modified spectral counting method apex for absolute protein expression measurements. of the 4502 genome-predicted sd1 proteins, 1148 ... | 2009 | 19563668 |
| lactobacilli inhibit shigella dysenteriae 1 induced pro-inflammatory response and cytotoxicity in host cells via impediment of shigella-host interactions. | shigella dysenteriae type 1 dysentery is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in children from less developed and developing countries. the present study explores the hypothesis that lactobacilli protect the host cell during s. dysenteriae type 1 infection and its mechanism of action. | 2010 | 19535308 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of shigella spp. with reference to its virulence genes and antibiogram analysis from river narmada. | water samples of the river narmada from origin to end were analyzed for the presence of shigellae. analysis of 40 water samples by biotyping, serotyping, and molecular typing were done. out of all 40 isolates, 23 were identified as shigella flexneri, 10 as shigella sonnei, and seven as shigella dysenteriae. serotyping was found to be a better identification method than biotyping since biotyping was not found to be very sharp. in the present investigation, amplified ribosomal dna restriction anal ... | 2010 | 19501495 |
| antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract and compounds from morus mesozygia stem bark. | this study was aimed at investigating the antimicrobial activity of the methanolic extract (mmb) and compounds isolated from the stem bark of morus mesozygia, namely 3beta-acetoxyurs-12-en-11-one (1), moracin q (2), moracin t (3), artocarpesin (4), cycloartocarpesin (5), moracin r (6), moracin u (8), moracin c (9), and moracin m (10). | 2009 | 19450674 |
| [complete structure of the o-polysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae type 10]. | the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide from shigella dysenteriae type 10, which has been reported previously in bioorg. khim. (1977, vol. 3, pp. 1219-1225), was refined: [formula: see text]. | 2009 | 19377533 |
| synthesis, characterization, and immunogenicity in mice of shigella sonnei o-specific oligosaccharide-core-protein conjugates. | shigellosis, an enteric disease, is on the world health organization's priority prevention list. in one study, the shigella sonnei o-specific polysaccharide (o-sp)-protein conjugate showed 72% protection against disease in israeli army recruits exposed to high rates (8-14%) of infection. the protection was related to vaccine-induced igg anti-o-sp levels. synthetic oligosaccharides of shigella dysenteriae type 1, bound by their reducing ends to a carrier protein ("sun"-type configuration), induce ... | 2009 | 19346477 |
| expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray diffraction analysis of the tonb-dependent haem outer membrane transporter shua from shigella dysenteriae. | as part of efforts towards understanding the crystallization of membrane proteins and membrane transport across the outer membrane of gram-negative bacteria, the tonb-dependent haem outer membrane transporter shua of shigella dysenteriae bound to heavy atoms was crystallized in several crystallization conditions using detergents. the insertion of a his(6) tag into an extracellular loop of shua, instead of downstream of the escherichia coli peptide signal, allowed efficient targeting to the outer ... | 2009 | 19342792 |
| structure and heme binding properties of escherichia coli o157:h7 chux. | for many pathogenic microorganisms, iron acquisition from host heme sources stimulates growth, multiplication, ultimately enabling successful survival and colonization. in gram-negative escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella dysenteriae and yersinia enterocolitica the genes encoded within the heme utilization operon enable the effective uptake and utilization of heme as an iron source. while the complement of proteins responsible for heme internalization has been determined in these organisms, the f ... | 2009 | 19319934 |
| the expression of lipopolysaccharide by strains of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri and shigella boydii and their cross-reacting strains of escherichia coli. | strains of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri and shigella boydii express lipopolysaccharides, that enable the serotyping of strains based on their antigenic structures. certain strains of s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri and s. boydii are known to share epitopes with strains of escherichia coli; however, the lipopolysaccharide profiles of the cross-reacting organisms have not been compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page) lipopolysaccharides profiling. in ... | 2009 | 19222579 |
| a look back at an ongoing problem: shigella dysenteriae type 1 epidemics in refugee settings in central africa (1993-1995). | shigella dysenteriae type 1 (sd1) is a cause of major dysentery outbreaks, particularly among children and displaced populations in tropical countries. although outbreaks continue, the characteristics of such outbreaks have rarely been documented. here, we describe the sd1 outbreaks occurring between 1993 and 1995 in 11 refugee settlements in rwanda, tanzania and democratic republic of the congo (drc). we also explored the links between the different types of the camps and the magnitude of the o ... | 2009 | 19214226 |
| rapid dna amplification using a battery-powered thin-film resistive thermocycler. | a prototype handheld, compact, rapid thermocycler was developed for multiplex analysis of nucleic acids in an inexpensive, portable configuration. instead of the commonly used peltier heating/cooling element, electric thin-film resistive heater and a miniature fan enable rapid heating and cooling of glass capillaries leading to a simple, low-cost thin-film resistive thermocycler (tfrt). computer-based pulse width modulation control yields heating rates of 6-7 k/s and cooling rates of 5 k/s. the ... | 2009 | 19159110 |
| safety and immunogenicity of sc599, an oral live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 vaccine in healthy volunteers: results of a phase 2, randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled trial. | sc599 vaccine is a live shigella dysenteriae 1 strain attenuated by deletion of invasion [icsa], iron chelation [ent, fep] and shiga toxin a subunit [stxa] genes. in a preliminary phase 1 single dose prospective study, we showed that sc599 vaccine was well tolerated, and the maximum tolerable dose was greater than 10(8) cfu [sadorge c, ndiaye a, beveridge n, frazer s, giemza r, jolly n, et al. phase 1 clinical trial of live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 deltaicsa deltaent deltafep delta ... | 2009 | 19135496 |
| frequency of isolation of various subtypes and antimicrobial resistance of shigella from urban slums of karachi, pakistan. | shigellosis remains a major public health problem in developing countries. antimicrobial resistance has complicated the empirical treatment. knowledge of serotypes is crucial in vaccine development, as cross-protection between various serotypes is limited. therefore we conducted a prospective study to determine the frequency of isolation of shigella serotypes and antimicrobial resistance. | 2009 | 19135399 |
| [structures of o-polysaccharides from two shigella dysenteriae type 8 strains]. | the structure of the o-polysaccharide (o-antigen) from shigella dysenteriae type 8 bacteria (strain 599) was corrected using modern nmr techniques (structure 1). the revisions concerned the position of the glc residue (in the main, but not the side, chain), the site of its substitution, and the configuration of the o-glycoside linkage of the glcnac residue. the s. dysenteriae type 8 bacterium (strain g1221), the second investigated representative, was found to produce another structural variant ... | 2008 | 19088755 |
| molecular detection of all 34 distinct o-antigen forms of shigella. | shigella is the cause of shigellosis or bacillary dysentery, the occurrence of which is estimated to be 165 million cases per year worldwide, resulting in 1.1 million deaths. rapid and reliable assays for detecting and identifying shigella in food, environmental and clinical samples are therefore necessary. shigella species are traditionally identified by their o antigens. this study developed a dna microarray targeting o-serotype-specific genes to detect all 34 distinct o-antigen forms of shige ... | 2009 | 19074655 |
| characterization of shigella spp. by antimicrobial resistance and pcr detection of ipa genes in an infantile population from porto velho (western amazon region), brazil. | the incidence of shigella spp. was assessed in 877 infants from the public hospital in rondônia (western amazon region, brazil) where shigella represents the fourth cause of diarrhea. twenty-five isolates were identified: 18 were shigella flexneri, three shigella sonnei, three shigella boydii and one shigella dysenteriae. with the exception of s. dysenteriae, all shigella spp. isolated from children with diarrhea acquired multiple antibiotic resistances. pcr detection of ipa virulence genes and ... | 2008 | 19057826 |
| selective ccr2-targeted macrophage depletion ameliorates experimental mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis. | the ccl2/ccr2 chemokine/receptor axis directs the chemotaxis of infiltrating monocytes/macrophages and t cells and plays a pivotal role in tissue damage and fibrosis in kidney diseases. the eradication of the activated leucocytes should diminish the production of inflammatory mediators, limit tissue damage and ameliorate disease. a recombinant fusion protein (opl-ccl2-lpm) comprised of the human ccl2 (monocyte chemoattractant protein-1) chemokine fused to a truncated form of the enzymatically ac ... | 2009 | 19040610 |
| lactobacilli facilitate maintenance of intestinal membrane integrity during shigella dysenteriae 1 infection in rats. | lactobacilli are used in various dairy products and fermented foods for their potential health beneficial effects. recently we reported the protective role of lactobacillus rhamnosus and lactobacillus acidophilus during shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. nevertheless, investigations on the membrane-stabilizing effect of l. rhamnosus and l. acidophilus have not been done. hence, the present study evaluated the effect of l. rhamnosus and l. acidophilus on the maintenance of intestinal membrane inte ... | 2009 | 19036564 |
| biometric fingerprinting for visa application: device and procedure are risk factors for infection transmission. | biometric fingerprint identity verification is currently introduced in visa application and entry screening at border control. the system implies physical contact between the skin and the surface of the fingerprint-capturing and reading devices. | 2008 | 19006507 |
| simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by qpcr in comparison with conventional bacterial indicators. | a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) method was developed for simultaneous detection of enteric bacteria from surface waters by utilizing a pair of universal primers which targeted four bacteria strains, namely shigella dysenteriae, vibrio cholerae, salmonella typhimurium, and escherichia coli. it was estimated that the qpcr method had a 94% confidence, and a detection limit as 2.7 e. coli cells per sample in undiluted dna extracts. the qpcr method was applied for the bacteriolo ... | 2009 | 18931927 |
| porin-incorporated liposome induces toll-like receptors 2- and 6-dependent maturation and type 1 response of dendritic cell. | porin of shigella dysenteriae was incorporated in liposome (pil) and presented to mouse splenic dendritic cells (dc). pil up-regulated toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr6 on dc, showing that co-expression of the two tlrs is involved in recognition of porin. detection of myeloid differentiating factor 88 (myd88)-tlr2 complex confirmed interaction between the two for triggering the downstream signaling, which ultimately led to tlr2-dependent nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-kappa b. pil-ind ... | 2008 | 18931363 |
| susceptibility of mongoloids to infection; incidence of pneumonia, influenza a and shigella dysenteriae, sonne. | 1948 | 18872694 | |
| studies with shigella dysenteriae, shiga; the effect of serums on experimental infection and intoxication in mice. | 1948 | 18869810 | |
| the toxic and antigenic properties of fractions prepared from the complete antigen of shigella dysenteriae. | 1948 | 18864078 | |
| the labile antigens of shigella dysenteriae shiga. | 1948 | 18861434 | |
| [analysis on incidence of bacillary dysentery in jinan municipality from 1951 to 2005]. | to explore the epidemic characteristics of bacterial dysentery in jinan municipality, and to provide scientific basis for effective strategy for bacterial dysentery control. | 2008 | 18844085 |
| guideline for the investigation and initial therapy of diarrhea-negative hemolytic uremic syndrome. | this guideline for the investigation and initial treatment of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is intended to offer an approach based on opinion, as evidence is lacking. it builds on the current ability to identify the etiology of specific diagnostic sub-groups of hus. hus in children is mostly due to infection, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec), shigella dysenteriae type 1 in some geographic regions, and invasive streptococcus pneumoniae. these sub-groups are relatively straight ... | 2009 | 18800230 |
| gateways to clinical trials. | 11d10, 9vpnc-mncc; adalimumab, adefovir dipivoxil, alefacept, aln-rsv01, ame-133, amg-317, aminolevulinic acid methyl ester, amlodipine besylate/atorvastatin calcium, anisodamine, anti-il-5 receptor antibody, apremilast, aripiprazole, atacicept, atazanavir sulfate, atrasentan; banoxantrone, bevacizumab, bibw-2992, binodenoson, bms-387032; cac10, caldaret hydrate, cd-np, ceftobiprole medocaril, celivarone fumarate, certolizumab pegol, cholesteryl hydrophobized polysaccharide-her2 protein complex, ... | 2008 | 18773127 |
| occurrence and characteristics of the cytolysin a gene in shigella strains and other members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | cytolysin a (clya, hlye, shea) is a hemolytic pore-forming toxin found in escherichia coli and salmonella enterica serovars typhi and paratyphi a. in the present study, analysis of several shigella strains revealed that they harbor only nonfunctional clya gene copies that have been inactivated either by the integration of insertion sequence (is) elements (shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei strains) or by a frameshift mutation (shigella flexneri). shigella dysenteriae and ... | 2008 | 18754791 |
| bacillus dysenteriae: some observations on a california strain. | 1928 | 18740863 | |
| all blood, no stool: enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli o157:h7 infection. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli serotype o157:h7 is a pathotype of diarrheagenic e. coli that produces one or more shiga toxins, forms a characteristic histopathology described as attaching and effacing lesions, and possesses the large virulence plasmid po157. the bacterium is recognized worldwide, especially in developed countries, as an emerging food-borne bacterial pathogen, which causes disease in humans and in some animals. healthy cattle are the principal and natural reservoir of e. col ... | 2008 | 18716441 |
| acanthamoeba castellanii an environmental host for shigella dysenteriae and shigella sonnei. | the interaction between shigella dysenteriae or shigella sonnei and acanthamoeba castellanii was studied by viable counts, gentamicin assay and electron microscopy. the result showed that shigella dysenteriae or shigella sonnei grew and survived in the presence of amoebae for more than 3 weeks. gentamicin assay showed that the shigella were viable inside the acanthamoeba castellanii which was confirmed by electron microscopy that showed the shigella localized in the cytoplasm of the acanthamoeba ... | 2009 | 18712360 |
| [antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria: 41. structures of the o-specific polysaccharides of shigella dysenteriae types 4 and 5 revised by nmr spectroscopy]. | the earlier established structures of the acidic o-specific polysaccharides from two typical strains of the shigella dysenteriae bacterium were revised using modern nmr spectroscopy techniques. in particular, the configurations of the glycosidic linkages of glcnac (s. dysenteriae type 4) and mannose (s. dysenteriae type 5) residues were corrected. in addition, the location of the sites of nonstoichiometric o-acetylation in s. dysenteriae type 4 was determined: the lateral fucose residue was show ... | 2008 | 18695724 |
| antimicrobial resistance in shigella species isolated in dakar, senegal (2004-2006). | from may 2004 to october 2006, a prospective study was carried out in dakar, senegal, to update information about the antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella spp. isolated from stool specimens. among the 165 non-duplicate strains collected, 81 (49%) were identified as shigella flexneri, 75 (45%) as shigella sonnei, 5 (3%) as shigella boydii, and 4 (2%) as shigella dysenteriae. disk diffusion testing revealed that the majority of isolates were resistant to sulphonamides, trimethoprim-sulfamethox ... | 2008 | 18653976 |
| the interplay between entamoeba and enteropathogenic bacteria modulates epithelial cell damage. | mixed intestinal infections with entamoeba histolytica, entamoeba dispar and bacteria with exacerbated manifestations of disease are common in regions where amoebiasis is endemic. however, amoeba-bacteria interactions remain largely unexamined. | 2008 | 18648517 |
| haemolytic uraemic syndrome in children admitted to a rural district hospital in kenya. | we studied children admitted to kilifi district hospital, kenya, between 1997 and 2005 with haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) and reviewed their records in order to determine the clinical features and outcomes of the disease. thirty-one children fulfilled the criteria: 21 (68%) had diarrhoea-associated hus (d + hus), the remainder did not (d-hus); five had involvement of the central nervous system. those with d-hus had lower haemoglobin and platelet counts when compared with those with d + hus. ... | 2008 | 18628547 |
| [detection of enteric pathogenic bacteria from surface waters by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr)]. | a rapid quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qpcr) analysis method with universal primers was developed to detect cell densities of the enteric pathogenic bacteria from 5 surface water of xi'an city for 4 months continuously. and the detection results by qpcr method were compared with counts of coliforms colony-forming units (cfu) determined by membrane filter (mf) analysis. the results showed that qpcr method had an estimated 94% confidence, and detection limit was 2.7 escherichia coli cells ... | 2008 | 18624175 |
| functional characterization of the shigella dysenteriae heme abc transporter. | the heme atp binding cassette (abc) transporter, shuuv, of shigella dysenteriae has been incorporated into proteoliposomes. functional characterization of shuuv revealed that atp hydrolysis and transport of heme from the periplasmic binding protein, shut, to the cytoplasmic binding protein, shus, are coupled. site-directed mutagenesis of shut residues proposed to be required for stabilization of the complex abolished heme transport. furthermore, residues his-252 and his-262, located in the trans ... | 2008 | 18616281 |
| microcalorimetric studies of the action on four organic acids in radix isatidis on the growth of microorganisms. | the actions of four organic acids in radix isatidis, a traditional chinese medicinal (tcm) herb, on escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and shigella dysenteriae growth were investigated by microcalorimetry. the four organic acids were syringic acid, 2-amino-benzoic acid, salicylic acid and benzoic acid. the power-time curves of escherichia coli, staphylococcus aureus and shigella dysenteriae growth with and without organic acids were acquired, meanwhile the extent and duration of inhibitory ... | 2008 | 18616177 |
| shigella isolates of nepal: changes in the incidence of shigella subgroups and trends of antimicrobial susceptibility pattern. | shigellosis is an important cause of bloody diarrhoea in all age groups, especially in children. a retrospective study was done to analyse the pattern of shigella isolates and the antimicrobial susceptibility trend of these shigella isolated at different hospitals of nepal from jan, 2003- dec, 2005. | 2007 | 18603983 |
| molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant shigella species isolated from epidemic and endemic cases of shigellosis in india. | shigella species represent one of the growing numbers of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria in developing countries. fluoroquinolone-resistant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri type 2a emerged in india during 2002 and 2003, respectively. sixty strains of shigella from different parts of india were analysed for antimicrobial susceptibility, the presence of the qnr plasmid, mutations in the quinolone resistance determining regions (qrdrs), fluoroquinolone accumulation, and ... | 2008 | 18566144 |
| enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae type 1-induced haemolytic uraemic syndrome. | haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) can be classified according to the aetiology of the different disorders from which it is composed. the most prevalent form is that induced by shigatoxin producing escherichia coli (stec) and, in some tropical regions, by shigella dysenteriae type 1. stec cause a zoonosis, are widely distributed in nature, enter the food chain in different ways, and show regional differences. not all stec are human pathogens. enterohaemorrhagic e. coli usually cause attachment an ... | 2008 | 18493800 |
| safety and immunogenicity of wrsd1, a live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type 1 vaccine candidate. | among shigella serotypes shigella dysenteriae type 1 produces the most severe disease, including cases of hemolytic-uremic syndrome and pandemic outbreaks. wrsd1 is a live s. dysenteriae 1 strain attenuated by deletion of the virg(icsa) gene, which encodes a protein that mediates intercellular spread, and stxa and stxb, which encode the shiga toxin. in this phase i trial five groups of eight subjects ingested escalating doses of wrsd1 ranging from 10(3) to 10(7)cfu. no subject experienced fever ... | 2008 | 18468742 |
| shigellosis: the current status of vaccine development. | shigellosis, a major form of bacillary dysentery, is caused by infection with shigella organisms. in poor countries, shigella-caused dysentery is endemic and causes an estimated 163 million illness episodes annually and more than one million deaths. although several strategies have been used to develop vaccines targeting shigellosis, none has been licensed for use outside china. owing to the wide range of shigella serotypes and subtypes, there is a need for a multivalent vaccine representing pre ... | 2008 | 18448978 |
| [antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria: 40. the structures of o-specific polysaccharides from shigella dysenteriae types 3 and 9 and s. boydii type 4 revised by nmr spectroscopy]. | the reported structures of o-specific polysaccharides from three standard strains of shigella bacteria were corrected by modern nmr techniques. the revisions concerned the configuration of the o-glycoside linkage (s. dysenteriae type 3, structure 1), the positions of monosaccharide residue glycosylation and acetylation by pyruvic acid (s. dysenteriae type 9, structure 2), and the attachment position of the side monosaccharide chain (s. boydii type 4, structure 3) [struxture in text]. | 2008 | 18365747 |
| differential expression of ompc and ompf in multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae and shigella flexneri by aqueous extract of aegle marmelos, altering its susceptibility toward beta-lactam antibiotics. | steadily increasing resistance among shigella to beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and tetracycline has compromised the utility of these commonly used antimicrobial agents. also, undesirable side effects of certain antibiotics have triggered immense interest in search of alternative therapies using medicinal plants. one such medicinal plant used since ancient times to cure diarrhea is aegle marmelos. the present study exemplifies the susceptibility of beta-lactam-resistant shigella dysenteriae and ... | 2008 | 18358664 |
| prevalence of acute diarrhoea in kathmandu valley. | this retrospective study was conducted during january to september in the year 1997. three hundred and forty nine stool samples were collected from diarrhoea patients from different places of kathmandu valley and examined at national public health laboratory (nphl), teku, kathmandu. acute diarrhoea becomes epidemic in rainy season and is a major public health problem of the city. in this study, people with poor hygiene practice and poor education were infected more than other people. among the 3 ... | 2007 | 18340369 |
| the o-polysaccharide of escherichia coli o112ac has the same structure as that of shigella dysenteriae type 2 but is devoid of o-acetylation: a revision of the s. dysenteriae type 2 o-polysaccharide structure. | the o-antigen structure of shigella dysenteriae type 2 was reinvestigated using chemical modifications along with high-resolution 2d (1)h and (13)c nmr spectroscopy. the o-antigen was found to contain a pyruvic acid acetal, which was overlooked in an early study, and the following revised structure of the pentasaccharide repeating unit was established: where approximately 70% glcnac residues bear an o-acetyl group at position 3. the o-antigen of escherichia coli o112ac was found to have the same ... | 2008 | 18308298 |
| diverse antimicrobial killing by enterococcus faecium e 50-52 bacteriocin. | an effective bacteriocin was identified and characterized. lactic acid bacteria were screened against campylobacter jejuni. one bacteriocin producer, enterococcus faecium (nrrl b-30746), was studied. the isolate was grown, and the bacteriocin was purified to single-band homogeneity. biochemical traits indicated that the peptide was a class iia bacteriocin, and it was named e 50-52. the bacteriocin had a molecular weight of 3339.7 and an isoelectric point of 8.0. the minimal inhibitory concentrat ... | 2008 | 18293921 |
| distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella isolates in bangui, central african republic. | we conducted a prospective study in four urban health care centres between january 2004 and november 2005 to determine the distribution and susceptibility patterns of shigella strains causing invasive diarrhoea in bangui, central african republic. of the 155 shigella isolated, shigella flexneri (51%) and shigella dysenteriae (30%) were the most common and the most resistant to usual antibiotics, including amoxicillin, sulphamethoxazole-trimethoprim and chloramphenicol. though multi-drug resistan ... | 2008 | 18282240 |
| retrograde traffic in the biosynthetic-secretory route. | in the biosynthetic-secretory route from the rough endoplasmic reticulum, across the pre-golgi intermediate compartments, the golgi apparatus stacks, trans golgi network, and post-golgi organelles, anterograde transport is accompanied and counterbalanced by retrograde traffic of both membranes and contents. in the physiologic dynamics of cells, retrograde flow is necessary for retrieval of molecules that escaped from their compartments of function, for keeping the compartments' balances, and mai ... | 2008 | 18270728 |
| [effects of huoxiang zhengqi liquid on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with bacillus dysenteriae and salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea]. | to explore the effects of huoxiang zhengqi liquid (hxzq) on enteric mucosal immune responses in mice with bacillus dysenteriae and salmonella typhimurium induced diarrhea (bsd). | 2007 | 18257268 |
| eukaryotic expression and antimicrobial spectrum determination of the peptide tachyplesin ii. | ta0-a, the gene encoding the mature antimicrobial peptide tachyplesin ii, was engineered to optimize the coding sequence according to codon usage bias in yeast. ta0-a was efficiently expressed in the methylotrophic yeast pichia pastoris strain smd1168. the recombinant peptide ta0 reached 150mg/l after methanol induction for 6 d. ta0 was rapidly purified to homogeneity by a single step of size-exclusion chromatography. the minimal lethal concentrations of ta0 to the escherichia coli strain k12 wa ... | 2008 | 18249136 |
| phase 1 clinical trial of live attenuated shigella dysenteriae type-1 deltaicsa deltaent deltafep deltastxa:hgr oral vaccine sc599 in healthy human adult volunteers. | twenty-eight adults received between 10(2) and 10(8)colony forming units of live shigella dysenteriae type-1 vaccine sc599, attenuated by deletion of invasion (icsa), iron chelation (ent, fep) and shiga toxin a-subunit (stxa) genes, followed by ciprofloxacin on day 4. dose-independent diarrhea or change in bowel habit was seen in 3 subjects, without dysentery, vaccinaemia or serious adverse events. hematology and biochemical parameters were unchanged. doses of 10(5) or greater induced dose-indep ... | 2008 | 18207287 |
| study on toxins and antigens of shigella dysenteriae; toxicity and antigenicity of whole organisms and various fractions of shigella dysenteriae. | 1949 | 18150948 | |
| study on toxins and antigens of shigella dysenteriae; active protection of rabbits with whole organisms and fractions of shigella dysenteriae. | 1949 | 18139169 | |
| growth inhibitory effect on shigella dysenteriae which occurs with some batches of nutrient agar and is associated with the production of peroxide. | 1949 | 18138171 | |
| experiments on adaptive variation and rejuvenation; bacillus dysenteriae flexner, grown on media containing sulphanilamide, acriflavine, argyrol, neosalvarsan and no drug. | 1948 | 18104091 | |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella flexneri and s. dysenteriae isolated from stool specimens of patients with bloody diarrhoea in mwanza, tanzania. | this study was conducted to determine frequency and pattern of antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella species isolated from stool specimens collected from patients presenting with bloody diarrhoea in mwanza city, tanzania. the study was carried out from october 2004 to october 2005 and involved patients attending sekou toure regional hospital and butimba health centre. bacteriological cultures were done at the national institute for medical research laboratory. a total of 489 patients (median ... | 2007 | 18087897 |
| isolation and purification of enterocin e-760 with broad antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | strain nrrl b-30745, isolated from chicken ceca and identified as enterococcus durans, enterococcus faecium, or enterococcus hirae, was initially identified as antagonistic to campylobacter jejuni. the isolate produced a 5,362-da bacteriocin (enterocin) that inhibits the growth of salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis, s. enterica serovar choleraesuis, s. enterica serovar typhimurium, s. enterica serovar gallinarum, escherichia coli o157:h7, yersinia enterocolitica, citrobacter freundii, klebs ... | 2008 | 18086839 |
| [identification of closely related bacteria via phylogenetic methods]. | to differentiate closely related pathogenic bacteria via phylogenetic method on the basis of gyrb gene sequences. | 2007 | 18067224 |
| shiga toxin induces tubular membrane invaginations for its uptake into cells. | clathrin seems to be dispensable for some endocytic processes and, in several instances, no cytosolic coat protein complexes could be detected at sites of membrane invagination. hence, new principles must in these cases be invoked to account for the mechanical force driving membrane shape changes. here we show that the gb3 (glycolipid)-binding b-subunit of bacterial shiga toxin induces narrow tubular membrane invaginations in human and mouse cells and model membranes. in cells, tubule occurrence ... | 2007 | 18046403 |
| comparative efficiency of plating media for the isolation of shigella dysenteriae. | 1941 | 18015418 | |
| shiga toxin 1 induces apoptosis through the endoplasmic reticulum stress response in human monocytic cells. | shiga toxins (stxs) expressed by the enteric pathogens shigella dysenteriae 1 and enterohaemorrhagic escherichia coli are potent protein synthesis inhibitors. shiga toxins have also been shown to induce apoptosis in epithelial, endothelial and monocytic cells. the precise relationship between protein synthesis inhibition and induction of apoptosis is not known. we show that stimulation of the myelogenous leukaemia cell line thp-1 with purified stx1 induced the endoplasmic reticulum (er) stress r ... | 2008 | 18005243 |
| priming of cd4+ t cells with porin of shigella dysenteriae activates the cells toward type 1 polarization. | macrophages treated with porin of shigella dysenteriae were potent stimulators of naive t(h) cells since the porin-pulsed macrophages strongly proliferated the t cells and up-regulated the activation molecules cd69 and cd25 on cd4(+) t cells in allogeneic mixed leukocyte reaction. immunization of c57bl/6 mice with porin selectively induced the intracellular expression and release of ifn-gamma and had no effect on il-4 expression. in parallel to the predominant release of the t(h)1 cytokine ifn-g ... | 2008 | 18003602 |
| antibacterial activity of some 3-(arylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3h)-ones: synthesis and preliminary qsar studies. | synthesis of ten 3-(arylideneamino)-2-phenylquinazoline-4(3h)-ones is reported. all the compounds contained a common phenyl group at the 2-position, while the substituents on the arylideneamino group were varied. the compounds were investigated for their antimicrobial activity against both gram-positive (staphylococcus aureus 6571 and bacillus subtilis) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli k12 and shigella dysenteriae 6) using a turbidometric assay method. it was found that the incorpora ... | 2007 | 17978766 |
| [hemolytic and uremic syndrome in the child]. | hemolytic and uremic syndrome (hus) is characterized by the association of hemolytic anemia with sckizocytes, thrombopenia and renal involvement secondary to thrombotic microangiopathy. the typical form is the most frequent in children occurring after an episode of diarrhea caused by escherichia coli. other microorganisms may be responsible for hus such as shigella dysenteriae or streptococcus pneumoniae. acute renal failure is reversible in most cases, but long-term renal sequelae are seen in o ... | 2008 | 17964233 |
| holo- and apo-bound structures of bacterial periplasmic heme-binding proteins. | an essential component of heme transport in gram-negative bacterial pathogens is the periplasmic protein that shuttles heme between outer and inner membranes. we have solved the first crystal structures of two such proteins, shut from shigella dysenteriae and phut from pseudomonas aeruginosa. both share a common architecture typical of class iii periplasmic binding proteins. the heme binds in a narrow cleft between the n- and c-terminal binding domains and is coordinated by a tyr residue. a comp ... | 2007 | 17925389 |
| biochemical characterization of dtdp-d-qui4n and dtdp-d-qui4nac biosynthetic pathways in shigella dysenteriae type 7 and escherichia coli o7. | o-antigen variation due to the presence of different types of sugars and sugar linkages is important for the survival of bacteria threatened by host immune systems. the o antigens of shigella dysenteriae type 7 and escherichia coli o7 contain 4-(n-acetylglycyl)amino-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-qui4nglyac) and 4-acetamido-4,6-dideoxy-d-glucose (d-qui4nac), respectively, which are sugars not often found in studied polysaccharides. in this study, we characterized the biosynthetic pathways for dtdp-d-q ... | 2007 | 17905981 |
| a new alpha-galactosyl-binding protein from the mushroom lyophyllum decastes. | a new alpha-galactosyl binding lectin was isolated from the fruiting bodies of the mushroom lyopyllum decastes. it is a homodimer composed of noncovalently-associated monomers of molecular mass 10,276da. the lectin's amino acid sequence was determined by cloning from a cdna library using partial sequences determined by automated edman sequencing and by mass spectrometry of enzyme-derived peptides. the sequence shows no significant homology to any known protein sequence. analysis of carbohydrate ... | 2007 | 17904093 |
| a case of shigellosis with intractable septic shock and convulsions. | although shigellosis is a potentially fatal disease that may cause a number of extra-intestinal manifestations, intractable septic shock is an unusual complication. here we describe a 6-month-old infant who developed severe septic shock and convulsions during an episode of dysentery caused by multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae. the case presentation demonstrates how shigellosis can lead to rare and potentially misleading complications such as septic shock when not treated adequately and pr ... | 2007 | 17881877 |