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[somatic antigens of shigella and escherichia coli. determination of the structure of o-specific polysaccharide from shigella boydii type 12 and its serological properties compared with the o-specific polysaccharide from escherichia coli].the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of the somatic antigen (lipopolysaccharide) of shigella boydii, type 12, was established by 1h- and 13c-nmr, methylation analysis and partial acid hydrolysis methods. the polysaccharide consists of pentasaccharide repeating units of the following structure: (formula; see text) the amount of o-acetyl groups was far less than stoichiometric, only about 2 for 3-4 repeating units. nevertheless, the results of serological studies revealed 3-o-acetyl-alph ...19862430583
[intergeneric antigenic relation of hafnia and shigella (s. flexneri and s. boydii) bacteria].the o-antigenic relationships between hafnia and shigellae (s. flexneri and s. boydii) have been studied. for the first time the presence of antigenic relationship between hafnia o19, o4, o9, o33, o5, o16, o12, o7, o29, o28, o10, o32, o24, o25, o18, o1, o13, o3, o22, o30, o37, o14, o11, o25, o23, o21, o28, o16, o24, o8, o26, o27 and s. flexneri la, lb, 2a, 2b, 4a, 4b, 6, 5a, 5b, as well as between hafnia o10, o21, o35, o36, o9, o28, o8, o30 and s. boydii 1, 3, 6, 14, 2, 5, 2, 12 have been reveal ...19862431565
cardiac hypertrophy and antihypertensive therapy.biochemical (myocardial dna, rna, and hydroxyproline) and humoral (plasma [pra] and kidney [kra] renin activity) factors were determined in spontaneously hypertensive rats (shr) and normotensive wistar controls (nr) before and following treatment with minoxidil or propranolol. minoxidil (150 mg.litre-1 drinking water) effectively controlled blood pressure (17.3 kpa vs 24.9 kpa [130 mmhg vs 187 mmhg], p less than 0.001) despite marked and sustained increases in both pra and kra ventricular weight ...1977145319
[antigenic determinants of bacteria. the structure of the repeating unit of a specific polysaccharide from shigella boydii type 7].acid hydrolysis of the antigenic lipopolysaccharide from shigella boydii type 7 afforded a specific polysaccharide composed of 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, d-glucose, d-galactose, 5-acetamido-3,5,7,9-tetradeoxy-7-[(3r)-3-hydroxybutyramido]-l- glycero-l-manno-nonulosonic acid (nonn2a) and acetic acid residues in the 1:1:2:1:1 ratio. from the results of methylation analysis, hydrogen fluoride solvolysis and smith degradation, the structure of the repeating unit of the specific polysaccharide was ...19872437931
cardiomyopathy in crowded rabbits.rabbits were crowded 4 to a cage for 2 weeks, then released for 1 week, crowded again for 2 weeks, and so on. of 44 rabbits subjected to intermittent crowding, only 9 survived for longer than 10 months, 20 died during the 1st month, and 15 died between the 2nd and 9th month of the experiment. histological sections of the myocardium showed myocytolysis, intersititial edema, and an increased amount of acid mucopoly saccharides in rabbits surviving for 2 weeks and more. the accumulations of acid mu ...1975128082
[antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria of the genus shigella. determination of the structure of polysaccharide chains of shigella boydii type 9 lipopolysaccharide and detection of unusually high molecular weight glycolipid].specific acidic polysaccharide has been isolated from the shigella boydii type 9 antigenic lipopolysaccharide after mild hydrolysis followed by chromatography on sephadex g-50. the polysaccharide consists of d-glucose, d-glucuronic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, and l-rhamnose. from the results of methylation analysis, partial acid hydrolysis and 13c nmr data the structure of the repeating unit of the polysaccharide was deduced as follows: [----4)dglcp(alpha 1----4)dglcap(beta 1----3)dglcn ...19872447896
[antigenic polysaccharides of bacteria of the genus shigella. the structure of the polysaccharide chain of shigella boydii type 14].a specific acidic polysaccharide has been isolated from the shigella boydii type 14 antigenic lipopolysaccharide after mild hydrolysis followed by chromatography on sephadex g-50. the polysaccharide consists of the d-glucuronic acid, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose and d-galactose residues in the ratio 1:1:3. from the results of methylation analysis and partial acid hydrolysis, the structure of the repeating unit of the specific polysaccharide was deduced as follows: (-6dgalp alpha 1-4dglcap beta ...19872447897
immunoglobulin m, a, and g antibody response to lipopolysaccharide o antigen in symptomatic and asymptomatic shigella infections.the antilipopolysaccharide antibody response in sera obtained from subjects involved in 10 outbreaks of shigellosis occurring in israeli military field units was determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and a passive hemagglutination test. both tests were found to be sensitive and specific for the diagnosis of shigellosis. a significant antibody response was detected in 73 to 82% of the symptomatic and 48 to 60% of the asymptomatic subjects during the shigella sonnei and shigella flexn ...19892463995
lack of effect by prostaglandin f2 alpha and verapamil on calcium uptake by isolated corpora lutea from pseudopregnant rats. 19892492809
four new provisional serovars of shigella.four bacterial strains are described that possess the biochemical characteristics of shigella species but do not belong to any of the established shigella serovars or to any previously described provisional serovar. one strain fermented mannitol, and it is proposed that this be the type strain for a new provisional serovar of shigella boydii. the remaining strains did not ferment mannitol and belonged to three different serovars. these strains are proposed as type strains for three new provision ...19892501349
shigellae and vibrionaceae species as a cause of diarrhoea among children in aden.in aden, the incidence of diarrhoea among infants and children is still high. the present work aimed at investigation of shigelleae and vibrionaceae as etiologic agents of enteric infections. stool specimens obtained from 1056 children complaining of diarrhoea were cultured on plating media and on enrichment media. suspected colonies were then serotyped and antibiotic sensitivity tests performed. seven percent of the specimens were found positive for shigella strains. shigella boydii was the com ...19892519964
structural analysis of the o-glycosidically linked core-region oligosaccharides of human meconium glycoproteins which express oncofoetal antigens.glycoproteins were extracted from meconium samples of group o neonates of secretor type by pronase digestion followed by precipitation in 67% aqueous ethanol and separated into ii antigen enriched and depleted fractions by affinity chromatography. the latter fraction strongly expressed the oncofoetal antigens recognised by natural antibodies in mouse sera and the hybridoma antibody fc 10.2, and this activity was enhanced after mild acid hydrolysis to remove sialic acid and fucose residues. oligo ...19852580706
high incidence of false positives by a latex agglutination test for the diagnosis of clostridium difficile associated colitis in compromised patients.detection of clostridium difficile cytotoxin using cell culture assays for the diagnosis of antibiotic-associated colitis has been used for over a decade. because the methodology is time consuming and cumbersome, a recently introduced commercial latex agglutination (la) kit has attracted much attention. we compared the sensitivity and specificity of this method with the cytotoxic assay (cta) using diarrheal stools from 652 patients at a referral tertiary care center. specimens from 71 (10.9%) pa ...19892591165
causes of death and the histopathologic findings in fatal shigellosis.thirty-seven children (median age, 2 years) with shigellosis in bangladesh were subjected to postmortem examination to determine causes of death and the spectrum of intestinal histopathology. infecting species were: shigella dysenteriae 1, 7 cases; s. dysenteriae 2, 2 cases; shigella flexneri, 23 cases; shigella boydii, 4 cases; and mixed infection with shigella boydii and shigella sonnei, 1 case. complicating conditions detected before death included malnutrition in 25 cases, pneumonia in 11 ca ...19892594452
bacterial pathogens isolated from cockroaches trapped from paediatric wards in peninsular malaysia.a survey was conducted in 4 paediatric wards in malaysia to determine the distribution of various species of cockroaches and to examine their gut contents for bacteria. cockroaches were trapped from food dispensing areas (kitchens), store rooms, cupboards and open wards. 104 cockroaches were caught, consisting of periplaneta americana (67.3%), blattella germanica (26%), p. brunnea (4.8%), and supella longipalpa (1.9%). bacteria were isolated from all cockroaches except 3 p. americana. many bacte ...19892603192
effect of n-trifluoroacetyl derivatives of amino acids and amino acid analogs on microbial antitumor screen.eighteen trifluoroacetyl derivatives of amino acids and of amino acid analogs were prepared and tested for growth-inhibitory activity using a lactobacillus casei system as a prescreen for antitumor activity. of the compounds tested, the trifluoroacetyl derivatives of o-, m-, and p-fluorophenylalanine and of beta-3-thienylalanine showed modest activity; trifluoroacetyl derivatives of phenylalanine and of beta-2-thienylalanine showed marginal activity. the activity exhibited by the active trifluor ...1979108385
spinal cord evaluation by cortical evoked responses.in ten monkeys, selective segmental lesions of the dorsal columns at the upper thoracic and middle cervical levels resulted in almost total attenuation of the cortical evoked potential responses to peripheral nerve stimulation. conversely isolated segmental dorsal column preservation showed intact transmission of the evoked responses at rostral spinal cord, nucleus ventralis posterior lateralis, and cortical levels. responses recorded from the intralaminar thalamic nuclei in the region of nucleu ...1979107931
ultraviolet light-induction and photoreactivation of thymine dimers in a cyanobacterium, anacystis nidulans.partially photoreactivable mutant of anacystis nidulans demonstrates partial photorepair of thymine dimers. the wild type which is completely photoreactivable at the conditions studied shows higher level of thymine dimer photolysis.1978100072
the effects of sodium nitroprusside and trimethaphan camsylate on cerebral blood flow in rhesus monkeys.hemispheric cerebral blood flow was measured in the rhesus monkey before and after infusion of the hypotensive agents sodium nitroprusside and trimethaphan camsylate. the intracarotid injections of 133xe was utilized, and flow was calculated by the "flow initial" technique. cerebral blood flow did not change significantly with the administration of trimethaphan camsylate. however, with a small reduction in blood pressure (10.6%) during the administration of sodium nitroprusside, the cerebral blo ...197898729
the effects of acetyl-l-carnitine on experimental models of learning and memory deficits in the old rat.experimental models of learning and memory deficits in aged rats can be studied by means of behavioural tests that provide an important tool for evaluating the effect of drugs on these parameters. active and passive avoidance tests showed a clear impairment of learning and memory capacity of old rats. these tests were also used to study the behavioural effect of acetyl-l-carnitine in aged rats. the subchronic treatment with this drug was followed by a significant improvement of acquisition and r ...19892620857
the effects of acetyl-l-carnitine on experimental models of learning and memory deficits in the old rat.experimental models of learning and memory deficits in aged rats can be studied by means of behavioural tests that provide an important tool for evaluating the effect of drugs on these parameters. active and passive avoidance tests showed a clear impairment of learning and memory capacity of old rats. these tests were also used to study the behavioural effect of acetyl-l-carnitine in aged rats. the subchronic treatment with this drug was followed by a significant improvement of acquisition and r ...19892620857
brain and liver aldehyde dehydrogenase activity and voluntary ethanol consumption by rats: relations to strain, sex, and age.voluntary ethanol consumption and brain and liver aldehyde dehydrogenase (aldh) activity were measured in male and female rats of the tryon maze-bright (s1), tryon maze-dull (s3), and wistar strains. the levels of brain aldh measured in the different groups, corresponded well to the levels of ethanol consumption, while differences in liver aldh corresponded well to only the strain differences in ethanol intake. within individual groups, levels of ethanol consumption correlated better with levels ...197896475
emergence of highly trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole-resistant shigella in a native american population: an epidemiologic study.resistance to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) emerged among shigella isolates from the navajo reservation in the southwestern united states in 1985, years after this antimicrobial agent came into common use. in the study area, tmp-smx resistance increased dramatically from 3 per cent in 1983 to 21 per cent in 1985. resistance was polyclonal and occurred in both s. sonnei and s. flexneri. no single plasmid was common to all resistant strains. however, all 28 tmp-smx resistant isolates exa ...19892650535
antigen specific t cell-mediated suppression. vi. properties of in vitro generated l-glutamic acid60-l-alanine30-l-tyrosine10 (gat)-specific t-suppressor factor(s) (gat-tsf) in responder mouse strains. 197991643
[isolation of shigella boydii serotype 14 with altered biochemical characteristics in a water-borne epidemic of dysentery].two water-borne epidemics of bacillary dysentery have been described in a garrison in which the leading causative agent has been shigella boydii, serotype of 14 altered biochemical characteristics isolated for the first time in yugoslavia. all the isolated strains of this shigella were mannitol negative and they degradated gylocose to acidity and gas already after 24 hours, and arabinose and sorbitol to acidity and gas after 48 hours. the clinical picture of the diseased was characteristic of ba ...19892662591
long term treatment of tardive dyskinesia.a 4 year trial to treat tardive dyskinesia by a very slow progressive stepwise diminution of the neuroleptic dose and of antiparkinsonian agents as well as by administration of small, slowly increasing and then decreasing doses of reserpine or haloperidol was conducted on 62 chronic schizophrenic patients. this treatment program caused disappearance of tardive dyskinesia in 23, improvement in 26 patients and had no effect in 13 patients. the group of patients with disappearance of tardive dyskin ...197933156
[insulin and glucocorticoid binding by blood cell receptors after hydrocortisone administration in rabbits].repeated i.v. administration of hydrocortisone (10 mg/kg) revealed an increase in the resistance against insulin although endogenous corticosterone was decreased in 33 male rabbits. the insulin- and dexamethasone-binding receptors of erythrocytes and mononuclear leucocytes. changed after 3-7 hydrocortisone injections, the binding increasing for insulin and diminishing for dexamethasone.19892680632
falciparum malaria--present day problems. an experience with 425 cases.clinical details and present day problems encountered in 425 cases of falciparum malaria (pf) are reported. 10.11% had taken chloroquine prior to reporting to us. parasitic count done in 23.05% cases lacked correlation with severity of disease. pattern of fever varied markedly but 5.4% were afebrile throughout and presented only with bodyache and malaise. apyrexial spell was noted in 5.64%. 28.70% had typical facial looks of anaemia and sallow complexion. cerebral symptoms were noted in 3.05%. o ...19892693436
[the etiological structure of shigellosis in the ussr in recent years].the characterization of etiological structure of shigella infection in the whole of the ussr, in individual union republics and at a number of other administrative territories of the ussr in recent years is presented. s. flexneri has been shown to prevail at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply of the population, and s. sonnei prevails at the territories with good water supply. at the former territories s. dysenteriae and s. boydii retain their etiological importance, while at the la ...19892698030
[directions of an ethic in genetic engineering: evaluation of an ethic for biotechnology].a fundamentalistic point of view is for the evaluation of genetic engineering inadequate. using ethics to evaluate the consequences is not valid for gene transfers across species as a morally relevant criterion but is rather the assessment of toxic, pathogenic, and ecological effects of transgenic organisms. a criterion for human genetics is not the inviolability of the human embryo, but social and human tolerance and the consent of the affected.19902074899
pathogenicity of foodborne salmonella.salmonella remains a leading etiological agent in bacterial foodborne diseases. although human salmonellosis generally presents as a self-limiting episode of enterocolitis, the disease can degenerate into chronic and debilitating conditions. antibiotic treatment of uncomplicated salmonellosis is contra-indicated because it tends to prolong the carrier state. clinical management of systemic infections with newer drugs such as third-generation cephalosporins and quinolones is most promising, parti ...19912018704
determination of estradiol 2- and 16-alpha-hydroxylase activities in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells in culture using radiometric analysis.using a radiometric assay the effects of estradiol upon the activity of estradiol 2- and 16 alpha-hydroxylases in mcf-7 human breast cancer cells in culture were studied. after 5 days of treatment and 36 h of withdrawal, incubation in the presence of either 2- or 16 alpha-tritiated substrate was carried out. estradiol (10 nm) significantly increased 16 alpha-hydroxylase activity (21%, p less than 0.01), while no effects on 2-hydroxylase activity was observed. treatment for 6 weeks caused a major ...19892770303
opening remarks of president fernando e. agrait on the occasion of the 50th anniversary of the cayo santiago macaque colony. 19892780954
results of the flow cytometry actg quality control program: analysis and findings.the aids clinical trial group's (actg) immunology committee was charged with initiating a quality control program for all laboratories participating in the actg program reporting flow cytometry data. forty-one laboratories were evaluated. this report defines the goals of this program and the subsequent findings after 19 send-outs were made. both hiv positive volunteer donors and normal age-matched donors were used. sample sets included both heparin and edta anticoagulated bloods. laboratories we ...19892785890
reactive modifications of the autonomous time structure in the human organism.the spectrum of biological rhythms exhibits characteristic principles of biological time structure which also rule the functional behaviour. with increasing period lengths the rhythms become increasingly complex. in the long-wave section the rhythmic functions find their corresponding cycles in the environment, whereas the shorter waves represent only endogenous autonomous rhythms, which maintain an internal time order by means of frequency- and phase-coordination. under resting conditions and i ...19911932773
[the effect of tetracycline and vitamin e on energy metabolism in cardiac mitochondria of old rabbits pretreated with isoproterenol].the possibility of eliminating adverse effects of tetracycline and isoproterenol pretreatment on energy generation of myocardial mitochondria by vitamin e administration was investigated in old rabbits. vitamin e administered in doses of 1.5 mg per kg body weight over 6 days was found to improve energy metabolism in old rabbits whose metabolism had been deranged by isoproterenol pretreatment in the dose of 1.5 mg per kg body weight. subsequent administration of vitamin e to rabbits pretreated wi ...19911913199
simultaneous infection with multiple serotypes of shigellae in a patient.we isolated three different serotypes of shigella on admission from a patient with dysentery as well as a shigella-like organism and campylobacter jejuni upon follow-up. the patient produced serum antibodies to all three serotypes of shigellae.19911889185
development of an in vitro microtest to assess drug susceptibility of babesia bovis and babesia bigemina.continuous cultivation of the bovine hemoparasites babesia bovis and babesia bigemina was developed as an in vitro microtest to assess parasite susceptibility to babesicidal compounds. reproducibility of parasite multiplication rates was independent of culture size, making it possible to use a microscale of 100 microliters for each test sample. inhibitory concentrations (ic50s) of a commonly used babesicide, quinuronium sulfate, evaluated by this in vitro method were found to be 5 x 10(-8) g/ml ...19911779305
three distinct forms of type 2a protein phosphatase in human erythrocyte cytosol.two type 2a protein phosphatases, phosphatases i (mr = 180,000) and iii (mr = 177,000), were purified to near homogeneity from human erythrocyte cytosol. phosphatase i was composed of alpha (34 kda), beta (63 kda), and delta (74 kda) subunits in a ratio of 1:1:1. phosphatase iii comprised alpha, beta, and gamma (53 kda) subunits in the same ratio. heparin-sepharose column chromatography converted most of phosphatase i and 20% of phosphatase iii into alpha 1 beta 1 which were indistinguishable fr ...19882831201
distribution and diversity of hsd genes in escherichia coli and other enteric bacteria.we screened salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, shigella boydii, and many isolates of escherichia coli for dna sequences homologous to those encoding each of two unrelated type i restriction and modification systems (ecok and ecoa). both k- and a-related hsd genes were identified, but never both in the same strain. s. typhimurium encodes three restriction and modification systems, but its dna hybridized only to the k-specific probe which we know to identify the s ...19882832380
study of plasmid screening amongst pathogenic bacteria isolated in nigeria.clinical isolates of neisseria gonorrhoeae, campylobacter jejuni, escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, shigella boydii, yersinia spp. and salmonella spp. were screened for the presence of plasmids. approximately 80% of these strains harboured plasmids ranging in molecular weight from 1.0 to 45 x 10(6) daltons.19882845756
transient cytokeratin expression in skeletal muscle during murine embryogenesis.cytokeratin expression was investigated in paravertebral skeletal musculature of 10 d and 18 d old embryos as well as in adult nmri-mice. the muscular nature of the evaluated tissue was evidenced by their expression of vimentin and desmin. binding moieties for cytokeratin antibodies (polyclonal and monoclonal) could be demonstrated only in muscle cells of 10 d old embryos. concerning subtypes, the mouse equivalents of the human cytokeratins nos. 8, 18 and 19 could be made probable. the importanc ...19901698345
copulatory analgesia in male rats ensues from arousal, motor activity, and genital stimulation: blockage by manipulation and restraint.the effect of copulation on the vocalization threshold to tail shock (vtts) was assessed in freely-moving, sexually experienced, wistar male rats. mean vtts during the first copulation was 40% above the baseline values and slightly decreased during the first postejaculatory interval (pei; 28% above baseline). vtts mean values further increased during the second copulatory series (93% above baseline and 63% during the pei). testing at the same intervals in noncopulating rats did not induce analge ...19921594675
acamprosate modulates synaptosomal gaba transmission in chronically alcoholised rats.male sprague-dawley rats were pulmonary alcoholised for 30 days. six were treated with acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during alcoholisation. the control nonalcoholised group also received acamprosate (400 mg/kg/day, po) during the 30 days. at the end of the experiment, brains areas (cortex, hippocampus, thalamus, striatum, and olfactory bulbs) were dissected for the study of synaptosomal 3h-gaba uptake. in another experiment, gaba levels were determined in the same areas using hplc with electro ...19921594633
relationship of free intracellular calcium to the cytolytic activity of entamoeba histolytica.entamoeba histolytica adherence and destruction of host cells is required for in vivo pathogenicity; amebic in vitro adherence is mediated by a galactose- or n-acetyl-d-galactosamine-inhibitable surface lectin (gal/galnac adherence lectin). free intracellular ca2+ concentration [( ca2+]i) was measured in living amebae and target cells during amebic cytolysis of chinese hamster ovary (cho) cells and human polymorphonuclear neutrophils by utilizing the ca2+ probe fura-2 and computer-enhanced digit ...19882897335
a selective inhibitor of camp-specific phosphodiesterase, ro 20-1724, has no effect on the quantal release of acetylcholine from the mouse phrenic nerve.the indirect twitch response of the mouse isolated phrenic nerve-diaphragm preparation, partially paralysed by tubocurarine, was restored only by about 10% by ro 20-1724 at 2 to 280 microm. the solvent vehicle, dimethylsulphoxide, also showed the same effect to a similar extent. intracellular recordings with glass microelectrodes revealed that ro 20-1724 (40 microm) affected neither the resting membrane potential, the amplitude and frequency of miniature endplate potentials nor the amplitude of ...19882897454
improved sexual function in hemodialysis patients on recombinant erythropoietin: a possible role for prolactin.as it was reported that correction of anemia in long-term hemodialysis patients by recombinant human erythropoietin (r-huepo) is associated with improved sexual function, we conducted the present study to further delineate the mechanism(s) by which this is brought about. serum prolactin, testosterone, and parathyroid hormone (pth) levels were followed during 4 months of r-huepo therapy. within 4 months of treatment with r-huepo, hematocrit values rose from 23.7 +/- 1.2 to 35.7 +/- 0.2% and hemog ...19892914405
the vascular endothelial growth factor proteins: identification of biologically relevant regions by neutralizing monoclonal antibodies.angiogenesis plays critical roles in organ development during embryonic and fetal life, wound healing and in a variety of pathological conditions. vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf) is a secreted growth factor specific for vascular endothelial cells which induces angiogenesis in vivo. to gain a better understanding of the physiological role of vegf, we have generated and characterized four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) using the 165 amino acid species of recombinant human vegf as im ...19921380254
sexual transmission of htlv infections in southern india. 19921346809
[recurrent thromboembolism disclosing protein c deficiency. apropos of a case with familial investigation].every thromboembolic manifestation, especially in young subjects, calls for an aetiological study in which haemostasis is evaluated primarily with assays of physiological coagulation inhibitors: protein c, protein s and antithrombin iii. protein c deficiency is found in 6 to 7% of thromboembolic manifestations. we report the case of a 21-year old man who had phlebitis followed by pulmonary embolism without facilitating factors. protein c level was 50% of normal value (0.50 iu/ml). the patient re ...19902075365
an attempt to structurally convert mu-selective morphine toward delta-receptor binding: dimerization based on enkephalin conformation.in order to elucidate the substrate specificities for mu- and delta-opioid receptors, dimerization of the mu-specific morphine molecule was attempted, based on the hypothesis of the possible relationship between the molecular conformation of endogenous enkephalin and its selectivity for each opioid receptor. the nor2 ([normorphine]n-ch2-ch2-n[normorphine]) thus synthesized exhibited agonist activity showing a preference for binding with the delta-opioid receptor, compared with the parent morphin ...19902164938
glucocorticoid-regulated gene expression in the immune system. analysis of glucocorticoid-regulated transcripts from the mouse macrophage-like cell line p388d1.to further elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying glucocorticoid-mediated immune suppression, we have exploited cdna cloning and subtractive screening methods to identify glucocorticoid-regulated transcripts in the mouse macrophage-like cell line, p388d1. two of the three isolated glucocorticoid-regulated mrna species corresponded to genes potentially important to immunoregulation: one glucocorticoid-suppressed mrna species probably encoded the previously uncloned 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutar ...19902258621
the biologic significance of the mixed lymphocyte kidney culture in humans.the mixed lymphocyte kidney culture (mlkc) in humans has been studied in normal and abnormal clinical conditions. human renal cortical cells were extracted by collagenase treatment from the kidneys of "normal" heart-beating cadaver organ donors (n = 13), patients with end-stage renal disease (esrd) at pretransplant bilateral nephrectomy and splenectomy (n = 13), and from irreversibly rejected renal allografts at the time of graft nephrectomy (n = 5). proliferation of peripheral blood t lymphocyt ...19852996186
occurrence of small hsd plasmids in salmonella typhi, shigella boydii, and escherichia coli.the natural occurrence of small hsd (host specificity for dna) plasmids was demonstrated in restriction endonuclease-producing strains of salmonella typhi, shigella boydii, and escherichia coli. the five hsd plasmids isolated were between 5.0 and 12.2 kilobases long. the copy number of all the hsd plasmids was high (more than 10 copies per cell). introduction of these small plasmids into e. coli strain 0 drastically lowered the efficiency of plating of the lambda.0 phages (the efficiency of plat ...19863003023
kinetics of "p"-site-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase and the requirements for substrate.the kinetics of "p"-site-mediated inhibition of adenylyl cyclase was studied with the detergent-solubilized enzyme from rat brain. mn2(+)-activated adenylyl cyclase exhibited typical noncompetitive inhibition by 2'-d3'-amp or 2',5'-dideoxyadenosine (2',5'-ddado). however, enzyme that was preactivated with guanosine 5'-o-(3-thiotriphosphate) (gtp gamma s) or proteolytically with ninhibin (+ gtp gamma s) exhibited apparently uncompetitive inhibition with either 2'-d3'-amp or 2',5'-ddado and with e ...19902365688
sporidesmin and gliotoxin induce cell detachment and perturb microfilament structure in cultured liver cells.changes in cell morphology and cell adhesion occurred when cultured cells from the rat liver cell strain c3 were exposed to the fungal toxins, sporidesmin or gliotoxin. both toxins caused loss of attachment of the cells to the plastic of tissue culture plates and this effect was preceded by loss of actin cables. other changes included cytoplasmic vacuolation and blocked entry into s-phase of the cell cycle. under these conditions [3h]thymidine incorporation into the cells was also diminished but ...19862432076
exposure of sheep to natural aerosols of foot-and-mouth disease virus.sheep taken individually and allowed to inhale air being drawn along a duct from a cabinet containing pigs acutely infected with foot-and-mouth disease virus for 10 or 15 minute periods were infected by doses as low as 10 tcid50 of virus. the most consistent and reliable indicators of infection were viraemia and seroconversion. the mean times from exposure to onset of viraemia, pyrexia and the appearance of vesicular lesions were 2.5, 3.8 and 4.7 days, respectively. neither the time from exposur ...19863020658
production of restriction endonucleases using multicopy hsd plasmids occurring naturally in pathogenic escherichia coli and shigella boydii.a convenient procedure has been devised for detection of restriction endonucleases in the escherichia coli-shigella group. with this procedure, two restriction endonucleases, designated sbo 13 and eco t22, were found and later were identified as isoschizomers of nrui and avaiii, respectively. these endonucleases were shown to be produced from small multicopy plasmids. they were isolated from nonpathogenic e. coli into which the plasmids had been introduced by transformation, and purified from co ...19863021586
influence of neuropeptides on airway smooth muscle.the first bronchoactive (and vasoactive) peptide to be discovered in the lung was isolated and characterized in 1970 from an embryologically related organ, the small intestine. since then, more than 20 additional peptides have been described in lung tissue and their biologic activities investigated. many of these are neuropeptides acting as neurotransmitters or neuromodulators to influence airway, pulmonary vascular, and other functions. more neuropeptides are known to exist in the brain and per ...19872446543
specificity of membrane complement receptor type three (cr3) for beta-glucans.the binding of the ic3b receptor (cr3) to unopsonized zymosan was shown to result from cr3 attachment to cell wall beta-glucans. a specificity of neutrophil responses for beta-glucan was first suggested by a comparison of yeast (saccharomyces cerevisiae) cell wall components for stimulation of a neutrophil superoxide burst. neutrophils responded poorly to heat-killed yeast, but gave increasingly better responses to cell wall polysaccharides devoid of proteins (zymosan) and nearly pure beta-gluca ...19873040332
shigella boydii and shigella sonnei: serotype and drug susceptibility patterns in addis ababa, ethiopia (1974-85). 19883042365
congo red binding and salt aggregation as indicators of virulence in shigella species.smooth strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii, and shigella sonnei which form pigmented colonies (pcr+) on congo red agar were virulent in the sereny test. smooth variants unable to bind congo red (pcr-) were avirulent. measurements of dye uptake from solution showed that s. dysenteriae type 1 bound the most dye, followed in order of uptake by s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei. using the salt aggregation test (sat) to determine cell surface hydrophobicity, ...19883045151
[etiologic structure of bacterial dysentery in the ussr in 1983-1985].the etiological structure of dysentery in the ussr in 1983-1985 is characterized. sonne dysentery was found to prevail in the territories with adequate water supply, while dysentery caused by shigella flexneri prevailed at the territories with unsatisfactory water supply. s. dysenteriae and s. boydii were found to play a limited role in the etiology of dysentery. in the presence of global pandemic, an increase in the isolation rate of s. dysenteriae i in the ussr is observed. the data on the bio ...19883061262
cardiopulmonary baroreflex control of brachial artery diameter in sustained essential hypertension.an exaggerated reflex response of forearm resistance vessels following stimulation of cardiac mechanoreceptors has been observed in human hypertension. in the present study we analyze the possibility that such an increased response also involves the large brachial artery. for that purpose, the influence of leg elevation in subjects in a supine position on brachial artery diameter and blood flow velocity was studied in 12 healthy, normal males and 17 males of the same age with sustained essential ...19892607141
genetic relatedness of the basic replicon of the virulence plasmid in shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli.the regions required for replication (rep) and for stable maintenance (stb) of the 230 kilobase virulence plasmid, pmysh6000, in shigella flexneri 2a ysh6000 were identified on the restriction enzyme sa/l fragments, c and o, respectively. the stable plasmid, pmysh6610, consisting of adjacent fragments c and o was found to belong to the incompatibility group fl. in all strains of shigellae and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) tested, virulence plasmids were found to be highly homologous wit ...19883070262
[beef-extract agar with sodium nucleinate as a medium for storage and stabilization of biological properties of shigella]. 19863078175
[shigella serotypes and drug resistance patterns of strains isolated in etimesgut, turkey, in 1987].drug resistance patterns of shigella strains were investigated in a prospective manner in etimesgut district during a period of 1 year. thirty strains shigella were isolated, belonged to three subgroups with preponderance of sh. flexneri (70%), followed by sh. sonnei (27%) and sh. boydii (3%). the resistance was highest with streptomycin (80%), followed by trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) (53%) and ampicillin (43%). only three strains (10%) were sensitive to all eight antibiotics tested. ...19883078794
[improved method of lipopolysaccharide isolation from gram-negative bacteria].a modification of the traditional method for lipoplysaccharide isolation from the cells of grammnegative bacteria was elaborated on the basis of extraction by the hot water solution of phenol (the method of westfahl). to make the method simpler and to raise the yield of the product it was proposed to use the water-phenol extract without its division for plases. the nucleic acids are eliminated by precipitation from dialyzed extract at ph 3,2-3,4 achieved by addition of acetic acid. the comparati ...19873112564
autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adrp): localization of an adrp gene to the long arm of chromosome 3.members of a large pedigree of irish origin presenting with early onset type i autosomal dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adrp) have been typed for d3s47 (c17), a polymorphic marker from the long arm of chromosome 3. significant, tight linkage of adrp to d3s47, with a lod score of 14.7 maximizing at 0.00 recombination, has been obtained, hence localizing the adrp gene (rp1) segregating in this pedigree to 3q.19892613244
activity of glucosidase inhibitors against hiv infections. 19883182426
genotoxicity of carcinogens in human hepatocytes: application in hazard assessment.evaluation of chemical genotoxicity has been used in assessing human cancer hazard, based on the observation that most human carcinogens are known to be dna-reactive. the availability of data on the dna-reactivity of compounds in metabolically competent human cells would assist hazard assessment by providing direct information of human genotoxicity. to evaluate the reliability of human hepatocytes for this purpose, the induction of dna repair by dna-reactive carcinogens of several structural cla ...19883194919
indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1.it has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. the present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. the i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. the pre-injection of indomethacin ...19892620696
indomethacin blocks the anorexic action of interleukin-1.it has been reported recently that the central nervous system actions of interleukin-1 are mediated by the prostaglandin system in the brain. the present study was therefore performed in order to examine the hypothesis that indomethacin, an inhibitor of prostaglandin biosynthesis, might alleviate the interleukin-1-induced suppression of food intake in rats. the i.p. injection of interleukin-1 (2 micrograms/rat) resulted in a significant decrease in food intake. the pre-injection of indomethacin ...19892620696
shigellosis associated with recreational water contact in los angeles county.an outbreak of shigellosis associated with swimming at a human-made lake during the labor day weekend occurred in los angeles county in 1985. sixty-eight persons had onset of diarrheal illness within 1 week following exposure at the recreational site. thirty-three of these cases were culture-confirmed as shigellosis (29 shigella sonnei, 4 shigella boydii). fifteen persons were hospitalized. illness was highly associated with water contact, specifically swallowing water while swimming (p less tha ...19883275140
quality of commercially produced shigella serogrouping and serotyping antisera.shigella grouping antisera from five manufacturers and typing antisera from two were purchased and evaluated with homologous and heterologous shigella strains in the slide agglutination test. only 31 of 73 (42%) antisera were satisfactory. in many instances, the antisera gave negative, as opposed to weak, reactions when they should have given strong positive reactions. four reagents cross-reacted with shigella strains. of the 19 polyvalent grouping antisera to subgroups shigella dysenteriae sero ...19883281972
large plasmid in shigella boydii is responsible for epithelial cell penetration.a large plasmid in a virulent shigella boydii 5 strain was transferred to plasmid-cured avirulent strains of s. boydii 5, s. boydii 12, s. sonnei form ii, and escherichia coli k12. the transconjugants acquired the ability to invade tissue culture cells, which indicated that the large plasmid in s. boydii is responsible for epithelial cell invasiveness.19883287107
[changes in the degree of sensitivity to antibiotics of shigella isolated from patients with dysentery in a city infectious disease hospital over the past 8 years].changes in sensitivity of shigella and in particular shigella flexneri isolated from dysentery patients in a city infection hospital within 8 years i.e. from 1977 to 1985 were followed. it was shown that the changes were to the greater extent connected with preferable use of certain antibiotics in the hospital.19883288150
effects of marine mammal parasites on human health. 19873294653
isolated and combined deficiencies of the alpha-keto acid dehydrogenase complexes. 19892634350
bacterial hydrophobicity, an overall parameter for the measurement of adhesion potential to soil particles.the adhesion of salmonella typhimurium to the mineral particles quartz, albite, feldspar, and magnetite was shown to correlate with the hydrophobicity of the cell surface as measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the same effects were also seen for seven other selected test strains, including streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, shigella sonnei, and shigella boydii. when the test strain of salmonella typhimurium, was repeatedly culti ...19892650618
clinical presentation of shigellosis during the 1984 epidemic of bacillary dysentery in west bengal. 19873301795
[a reservoir of shigella of avian origin: herons and birds of prey of the zoological garden in tananarive].the authors record the bacteriological characters of four shigella strains: s. dysenteriae 2 and s. boydii 9, respectively isolated in a bird-of-prey and in three herons, kept in the zoological garden in antananarivo. the significance of this malgasian avian reservoir of shigella is discussed.19873304678
a new chromogenic test for the detection of urokinase in the genus shigella.a simple test for detection of urokinase in shigella is described. the test is performed by suspending a loopful of bacteria in 100 microliters of a buffered 1mm solution of benzoyl-beta-alanyl glycyl-arginyl-4-nitroanilide acetate (chromozym u). enzymatic activity is revealed by formation of a yellow colour after 24 h of incubation at 37 degrees c. the test is able to differentiate serotypes of shigella dysenteriae, shigella flexneri, shigella boydii. the results suggest the possibility of incl ...19873306294
expression of campylobacter jejuni invasiveness in cell cultures coinfected with other bacteria.enteroinvasive salmonella, shigella, and escherichia coli strains were found to exert an effect which rendered campylobacter jejuni capable of intracellular localization in epithelial cells in vitro. when monolayers of hep-2 or a-549 cells were challenged with pure cultures of c. jejuni or campylobacter coli, none of the eight strains tested invaded the cells. in contrast, four of these strains were able to localize intracellularly when the cells were challenged with a mixture of campylobacters ...19873312015
bactericidal activities of selected organic n-halamines.the bactericidal efficacies of three organic n,n'-dihalamine disinfectants in the class of compounds termed imidazolidinones were determined for combinations of ph, temperature, and water quality treatments by using staphylococcus aureus and shigella boydii as test organisms. the compound 1,3-dibromo-4,4,5,5-tetramethyl-2-imidazolidinone was found to be the most rapidly acting bactericide, especially under halogen-demand-free conditions. the mixed n,n'-dihalamine 1-bromo-3-chloro-4,4,5,5-tetrame ...19873314705
shigella bacteremia in adults. a report of five cases and review of the literature.shigella bacteremia is rare, occurring mainly in children. we describe five adult patients with shigella bacteremia and review data on 22 cases reported in the english-language medical literature. eighteen (67%) of 27 patients had either an underlying condition or were aged older than 65 years. most patients had clinical signs of acute febrile gastroenteritis. however, in six patients, the organism was not isolated from stool. species isolated from blood included shigella flexneri in 11 patients ...19873314766
[medico-genetic studies of human provisional organs]. 19873318529
novel oral vaccines: the effectiveness of cloned gene products on inducing secretory immune responses. 19873321939
differential clinical features and stool findings in shigellosis and amoebic dysentery.to obtain information that could assist the clinician to differentiate between shigellosis and amoebic dysentery, we compared clinical features and stool findings in 58 adult male patients in bangladesh. mean values indicated that patients with invasive amoebiasis were older and had a longer prehospital illness, a lower body weight, less frequent fever, a lower haematocrit and a higher white blood cell count than patients with shigellosis. the mean number of faecal leucocytes per mm3 was signifi ...19873328339
review of cardiovascular findings in humans treated with minoxidil.minoxidil is an antihypertensive vasodilator with no known capability of inducing human cardiovascular pathology; however, the compound does cause a late, canine-specific lesion of the right atrium and acute right atrial and ventricular papillary muscle changes. in all the autopsy cases of minoxidil-treated humans to date, 9 cases were reported with significant right atrial or other cardiac pathology and were carefully reviewed for similarity to either the early or late canine lesion. three new ...19892665032
trichosanthin, alpha-momorcharin and beta-momorcharin: identity of abortifacient and ribosome-inactivating proteins.the abortifacient proteins trichosanthin, alpha-momorcharin and beta-momorcharin at nm concentrations inhibit cell-free protein synthesis. the momorcharins and the ribosome-inactivating proteins isolated from momordica charantia seeds cross-react with the respective antisera. the ribosome-inactivating proteins saporins, pokeweed antiviral protein (pap) and, to a lesser extent, gelonin have abortifacient activity on pregnant mice.19883372132
transient increase of cytosolic free calcium in cultured human vascular endothelial cells by platelet-activating factor.the effect of platelet-activating factor (paf-acether) on cytosolic free calcium, [ca2+]i, in adherent human vascular endothelial cells in culture was directly determined using a new fluorescent calcium indicator, fura-2. it was found that paf-acether but not lyso paf-acether induced a rapid and transient increase in [ca2+]i in endothelial cells. restimulation with paf-acether after the first challenge did not cause further response, while the cells were able to respond to thrombin. in the absen ...19883408504
liver cell lines. 19873431441
serological investigations for the cause of diarrhoea among patients and personnel in the minna and abeokuta hospitals/nigeria.188 blood samples were investigated for antibodies against bacteria causing diarrhoea in two hospitals in minna and abeokuta in nigeria. antibodies were found against entamoeba histolytica, yersinia enterocolitica, campylobacter jejuni, salmonella typhi, salmonella paratyphi c, shigella dysenteriae, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, shigella flexneri and rotavirus.19873443752
residual nitrobenzylthioinosine-resistant nucleoside transport in a transport mutant (ae1) of s49 murine t-lymphoma cells.the uptake of various nucleosides by s49 mouse t-lymphoma cells and that by a single-step nucleoside transport-defective mutant thereof (ae1) were compared. residual nucleoside entry into ae1 cells occurred via two routes, nonmediated permeation and saturable, non-concentrative transport with broad substrate specificity and a michaelis-menten constant approximating that for thymidine transport in wild-type cells. however, in contrast to nucleoside transport in wild-type cells, residual nucleosid ...19873494190
dexamethasone pre-treatment is antipyretic toward polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid, lipopolysaccharide and interleukin 1/endogenous pyrogen.the effect of intravenously injected dexamethasone on the febrile response of rabbits to polyinosinic: polycytidylic acid (poly i:c), lipopolysaccharide (lps) and interleukin 1/endogenous pyrogen (il1/e.p.) was studied. dexamethasone (1 mg/kg) attenuated the febrile response to poly i:c (5 micrograms/kg) but only if administered between 0.5 to 2 h before poly i:c. if it was given after poly i:c this resulted in a potentiation of the fever. antagonism of the febrile response to poly i:c by dexame ...19873495738
[development of the classification of bacteria in the genus shigella]. 19863518304
the relation between production of cytotoxin and clinical features in shigellosis.the relation between in vitro production of hela cell cytotoxin by strains of shigella and clinical symptomatology was determined for 35 travelers from the united states who developed shigellosis in guadalajara, mexico. there were 25 patients with shigella sonnei, eight with shigella flexneri, one with shigella boydii, and one with shigella dysenteriae. these strains were evaluated for in vitro production of cytotoxin. the amount of cytotoxin did not correlate with the number of stools passed, t ...19863519788
[conjugative r-plasmids simultaneously belonging to the 2 incompatibility groups inc i zeta and inc b].five plasmids detected in the clinical strains of shigella were studied. the plasmids had similar phenotypes of antibiotic resistance and allotted streptomycin and tetracycline resistance to the host cell. none of them allotted the bacterial cells with sensitivity to phages specific for the inc groups f, n, p and i. the molecular weights of the plasmids ranged from 47 to 50 md. the studies on the incompatibility showed that pkmr 227, pkmr 228-1, pkmr 231, pkmr 242-1 and pkmr 245 plasmids simulta ...19863521469
comparison of dna probes and the sereny test for identification of invasive shigella and escherichia coli strains.forty-two shigella and 29 escherichia coli strains were screened for invasiveness in the sereny test and for hybridization with two recently described dna probes for the invasiveness plasmid. both probes produced identical results. all sereny-positive strains hybridized with both dna probes. three sereny-negative strains also hybridized with the probes, suggesting that there are strains containing the invasiveness plasmid that are not pathogenic in animal models.19863531233
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