| haemolytic uraemic syndrome with shigella. | a 49-year-old male developed bloody diarrhoea whilst on a visit to india. sigmoidoscopy and rectal biopsy showed acute colitis. shigella dysentery type i was isolated from stool culture. cytotoxin production by the organism was demonstrated. the patient developed acute renal failure, thrombocytopaenia and microangiopathic haemolytic anaemia. he required mechanical ventilation, haemodialysis, blood transfusion and antibiotic therapy and achieved a complete recovery. this is an unusual case of hae ... | 1990 | 2202698 |
| characterization of enterobacteria by esterase specific-activity profiles. | the spectrum of specific activities and the electrophoretic mobilities of esterases produced by 550 strains of enterobacteriaceae belonging to 36 species and subclassified into six groups (group 1, escherichia coli, shigella and escherichia hermanii; group 2, genus salmonella and genus citrobacter; group 3, genus klebsiella and genus enterobacter; group 4, genus serratia and serratia fonticola; group 5, genus proteus, genus providencia and genus morganella; and group 6, genus yersinia) were anal ... | 1990 | 2202780 |
| childhood shigellosis: clinical and bacteriological study. | ninety-three children with shigellosis were hospitalized in a regional hospital in kuwait during the year 1988. s. flexneri was the most common isolate (54%) followed by s. sonnei (39%) and s. boydii (7%). in addition to the gastrointestinal manifestations, 14 patients (15%) developed generalized convulsions. the benign and self-limiting nature of the convulsions associated with shigellosis means that neither diagnostic procedure nor drug therapy are usually necessary. the disease was self-limit ... | 1990 | 2202839 |
| [pharmacokinetics and clinical studies of norfloxacin in the pediatric field]. | norfloxacin (nflx) tablets with a potency of 50 mg/tablet or 100 mg/tablet were administered at doses of 1 to 4 tablets (1.5 to 6.1 mg/kg) orally 30 minutes before meals to 12 children with ages ranging from 8 years 9 months to 12 years 5 months, and serum/urinary nflx levels and urinary recovery rates were determined. the drug sensitivity tests for nflx and 10 other drugs were conducted against 128 strains of shigella sonnei (10(6) cfu/ml) which had been isolated from pediatric patients with ba ... | 1990 | 2202843 |
| carboxy-terminal peptides from the b subunit of shiga toxin induce a local and parenteral protective effect. | two synthetic peptides corresponding to overlapping sequences from the c-terminus of the b chain of shiga toxin were prepared and characterized. these peptides consisted of residues 54-67 and 57-67 in the protein sequence. this region coincides with the major peak of surface area residues, as predicted from a computer-derived plot. for the purpose of immunization, the peptides were either conjugated with a protein or a synthetic carrier, or were polymerized. polyclonal antibodies against these p ... | 1990 | 2203962 |
| studies in volunteers to evaluate candidate shigella vaccines: further experience with a bivalent salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine and protection conferred by previous shigella sonnei disease. | a bivalent vaccine consisting of salmonella typhi strain ty21a containing the 120 mda plasmid of shigella sonnei and expressing both s. typhi and s. sonnei lipopolysaccharides (lps) on its surface was previously shown to protect significantly against s. sonnei disease in experimental challenge studies. however, protective efficacy could not be reconfirmed in volunteers with five subsequent lots of vaccine. one vaccine lot which resembled the initial protective lots of vaccine in biochemical and ... | 1990 | 2204243 |
| new approach to develop a vaccine design against shigellosis. | | 1990 | 2204244 |
| [epidemiological role of food products in spreading shigella infections in present-day conditions]. | | 1990 | 2204589 |
| n-terminal amino acid sequence of the novel type iiib trimethoprim-resistant plasmid-encoded dihydrofolate reductase from shigella sonnei. | the type iiib dihydrofolate reductase, a novel plasmid-encoded enzyme recently identified in shigella sonnei, has been shown to have some similar biochemical properties to the type iiia dihydrofolate reductase which was first identified in new zealand in 1979. however, the type iiib enzyme has a ki for trimethoprim of 0.4 microm, and a pi of 5.35 (as compared to 19 nm and 6.1 for the type iiia); both these results suggest that it is a different enzyme from the prototype type iiia. the type iiib ... | 1990 | 2204677 |
| recent advances in understanding the pathogenesis of the hemolytic uremic syndromes. | one of the requirements for an agent to cause hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is its ability to injure endothelial cells. shiga-like toxin (slt) can do this. slt is produced by escherichia coli and shigella dysenteriae serotype 1; both have been implicated as causes of typical hus. endothelial cells have receptors (gb3) for slt and the toxin can inhibit eukaryotic protein synthesis, thereby causing cell death. glomerular endothelial cell injury or death results in a decreased glomerular filtrati ... | 1990 | 2205273 |
| [biochemical characteristics, growth on selective media, antimicrobial susceptibility, and diarrheagenic toxin production of enteroinvasive escherichia coli]. | a total of 70 strains of enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) belonging to 8 different o serogroups including o28ac o29, o121, o124, o136, o143, o144, and o164, was studied for their biochemical characteristics, growth on selective isolation agar, antimicrobial susceptibility, and diarrheagenic toxin production. among the biochemical characteristics examined, all eiec strains gave negative lysine decarboxylation and all but one belonging to o124 serogroup, were non-motile, regardless of their ... | 1990 | 2205673 |
| [a case of shigellosis due to shigella dysenteriae 1 which was thought to be infected in domestic area]. | a 43-year-old man was admitted to our hospital because of bloody diarrhea and abdominal pain on january 10, 1989. on laboratory examination s. dysenteriae 1 was isolated from his stool, therefore he was diagnosed as shigellosis. after the administration of ofloxacin was started, s. dysenteriae 1 was immediately eradicated. but his diarrhea persisted until the 19th day from the onset of the illness and his abdominal pain persisted until the 21st day. he had never been overseas and he had never ea ... | 1990 | 2205674 |
| [detection of two shiga-like toxins from escherichia coli o157:h7 isolates by the polymerase chain reaction method]. | fourteen isolates of e. coli o157:h7 and five isolates of s. dysenteriae type-1 were examined by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the structural genes (slt-i or slt-ii), encoding shiga-like toxins (slts). the two primer pairs (v1; 5'agttaatgtggtggcgaa and v2; 5'gactgcgtcagtgaggtt for slt-i, v3; 5'ttcggtatcctattcccg and v4; 5'tctctggtcattgtatta for slt-ii) used were of the same positions representing the dna sequence covering 471bp of the slt-i or slt-ii. a 5-microliter portion of boiled bacte ... | 1990 | 2205737 |
| an investigation of culture media for the isolation of shigellae. | in this study we have investigated the efficiency of presently available culture media for the isolation of shigellae. xld was found to be the medium of choice, combined with both less and more selective culture media (e.g. macconkey, and hektoen or dca). by using these media in combination it was found that not only were shigellae isolated more often and efficiently, but fewer problems were encountered in isolating other enterobacteriaceae. | 1990 | 2205773 |
| cell surface proteins from shigella dysenteriae type 1. | a simple extraction procedure was used for preparing cell surface proteins (csps) from shigella dysenteriae type 1. the preparations obtained using either buffer or water extractions were free from lipopolysaccharide (lps), as well as cytoplasmic and periplasmic proteins. by sds-page, about 25 polypeptides were detected, and western-blot analysis recognised 15 polypeptide antigens. when analysed by crossed immunoelectrophoresis, using anti-shigella dysenteriae type 1 rabbit sera, 18 antigenic ba ... | 1990 | 2206198 |
| infection with bacterial enteropathogens in swedish travellers to south-east asia--a prospective study. | infection with potential bacterial enteropathogens was studied prospectively in 94 swedish travellers. three faecal samples were collected, regardless of diarrhoeal symptoms, after each of three 1-week stays in singapore, hong kong and japan. the specimens were analyzed for salmonella, shigella, yersinia, campylobacter and different enterotoxin-producing bacteria. a potential enteropathogen was identified in 30% (28/94) of the participants, i.e. in 26% of the healthy and in 39% of the travellers ... | 1990 | 2209737 |
| mutational analysis of the virg protein, a transcriptional activator of agrobacterium tumefaciens virulence genes. | the virg protein of agrobacterium tumefaciens is required in conjunction with the vira protein for transcriptional activation of the virulence (vir) genes in response to plant phenolic compounds. these proteins are members of a family of two component regulatory systems. vir genes are activated via a cascade of phosphorylation reactions involving a specific aspartic acid residue of the virg protein. we have conducted a mutational analysis of the virg protein. by mutating conserved and nonconserv ... | 1990 | 2211523 |
| autoantibodies to the hla-b27 sequence cross-react with the hypothetical peptide from the arthritis-associated shigella plasmid. | we previously reported elevated serum antibody levels to a peptide representing the hla-b27 polymorphic region (b27 peptide) in hla-b27(+) ankylosing spondylitis (as) patients. a plasmid (phs-2) isolated from arthritogenic shigella flexneri strains had been shown to encode an amino acid sequence homologous to hla-b27. rabbit antibody to this sequence (phs-2 peptide) strongly cross-reacted with b27 peptide and, to a much lesser extent, with klebsiella nitrogenase peptide. serum antibody levels to ... | 1990 | 2212008 |
| comparative study of the prevalence and clinical profiles of diarrheas due to aeromonas and other enteric pathogens. | the prevalence of aeromonas spp. and other enteric pathogens in stool specimens from diarrheic and non-diarrheic patients was studied over a 12 month period (january to december, 1986). except for the absence of fever, all the clinical features in aeromonas diarrhea were comparable to those associated with other diarrheagenic agents. these features included abdominal pain (30%), vomiting (24.5%), fever (31.5%), dehydration (9.5%) and hematochezia (19.5%). aeromonas spp. were more frequently isol ... | 1990 | 2212640 |
| plants used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. 1. screening of 84 plants against enterobacteria. | gastrointestinal disorders are important causes of morbidity in developing countries. natural healing is the traditional way of treating these diseases in guatemala. ethnobotanical surveys and literature reviews showed that 385 plants from 95 families are used in guatemala for the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. the activity of 84 of the most commonly used plants was screened in vitro against five enterobacteria pathogenic to man (enteropathogenic escherichia coli, salmonella enteritidi ... | 1990 | 2214824 |
| periparturitional shigellosis. | a case is reported in which shigella sonnei induced both maternal disease (chorioamnionitis) and neonatal disease (pneumonia) in the immediate periparturitional period. the role of shigella sonnei as a periparturitional pathogen is discussed. | 1990 | 2215779 |
| immunolabelling of shiga toxin in macrophages infected with shigella dysenteriae 1. | immunolabelling of shiga toxin in macrophages infected with a non-invasive shigella dysenteriae 1 isolate showed that bacteria remained alive for 3 h after ingestion within the phagocytic vacuole and synthesized shiga toxin. the normal process of toxin secretion was, however, impaired by the phagosomal environment and toxin molecules accumulated within the bacterial cytoplasm. | 1990 | 2218059 |
| [the article by iu. p. solodovnikov the etiological structure of bacterial dysentery in the ussr]. | | 1990 | 2220214 |
| hemolysin as a marker for serratia. | all serratia marcescens strains (total of 33) of different sources were hemolytic including clinical strains previously classified as being nonhemolytic. dna fragments of the two hemolysin genes hybridized with the chromosomal dna of s. marcescens, s. liquefaciens, s. kiliensis, s. grimesii, s. proteamaculans, s. plymutica, s. rubridaea which were also hemolytic. the restriction pattern of the hemolysin locus differed in each strain. s. ficaria and s. marinorubra expressed a different hemolysin ... | 1990 | 2222120 |
| [detection of protease specifically splitting actin in revertants of shigella flexneri l-forms]. | proteolytic activity of cell extracts from revertants of shigella flexneri l-forms as well as biochemical properties of these strains and their sensitivity to antibiotics were studied. the protease found earlier in cells of strain e. coli a2 was shown to be synthesized by one of 8 revertants under study. this protease split actin and did not split some other proteins, its activity was inhibited by inhibitors of metalloproteases. strain 5a2c which produced the protease was similar to the strain e ... | 1990 | 2224099 |
| [cloning of shigella flexneri 2a genes coding for restriction- modification system sfl2ai]. | the sfl2ai system of restriction-modification (rm) was revealed in the cells of shigella flexneri encoded by pkmr114 plasmid belonging to the incn incompatibility group. the genes for sfl2ai rm system were cloned. the system was ascribed to the enzymes of the ecorii specificity, as shown by in vivo and in vitro experiments. restriction analysis of these genes' region and antigenic properties of the sfl2ai endonuclease pointed to significant differences between this and ecorii rm systems. | 1990 | 2227395 |
| [a thermostable toxin-producing e. coli and infantile diarrhea]. | an e. coli strain producing only a thermostable toxin (st) and belonging to serogroup 0153 (etec 0153; st) was isolated from the stools of 9 infants with diarrhea, 4 of them premature, during the last half of august, 1988. all the 4 prematures passed frequent fluid stools. in 5 of the 9 infants, other pathogens were found in addition to the etec strain, including rotavirus, plesiomonas and shigella sonnei. until recently, etec strains like that described were considered rare all over the world. ... | 1990 | 2227649 |
| comparison of alkaline phosphatase-conjugated oligonucleotide dna probe with the sereny test for identification of shigella strains. | we compared an alkaline phosphatase-conjugated oligonucleotide dna probe with the sereny test to determine the sensitivity and specificity of the probe in detecting virulent shigella strains. the probe hybridized with all 52 sereny-test-positive strains (sensitivity, 100%) and 4 of 21 sereny-test-negative strains (specificity, 81%). the probe did not hybridize with any of the sereny-test-negative s. dysenteriae type 1 strains. this nonradioactive, synthetic probe provides a simple, rapid way to ... | 1990 | 2229395 |
| fatal dysentery in rural bangladesh. | the purpose of this study was to find out the actual circumstances which lead to dysentery-related deaths in the rural bangladesh. the community health workers of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh have been collecting records of all deaths at the rural area of matlab through a surveillance system since 1963. a review of existing data on dysentery-related deaths from this area during 1976-1981 suggests that deaths in children followed a recurring seasonal patter ... | 1990 | 2229985 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in the usa: the importance of international travelers. | a nationwide sample of shigella isolates was collected and tested for resistance to 12 antimicrobial agents to assess the prevalence and epidemiologic correlates of antimicrobial resistance in shigella. of the isolates, 32% were resistant to ampicillin, 7% to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and 0.4% to nalidixic acid. fifty (20%) of 252 isolates were associated with foreign travel. the best predictor of clinically important resistance was a history of foreign travel: 20% of isolates from foreign ... | 1990 | 2230237 |
| differentiation of shiga toxin and vero cytotoxin type 1 genes by polymerase chain reaction. | two sets of synthetic oligonucleotide primers were used in a polymerase chain reaction technique to distinguish genes for shiga toxin in shigella dysenteriae 1 and type 1 vero cytotoxin (vt1) in escherichia coli. vt1a and vt1b primers directed at a common 130-base-pair (bp) fragment of the stx and slti genes detected template nucleic acid in both shiga toxin-positive s. dysenteriae 1 and vt1-producing e. coli strains. vt1c and vt1d primers, targeting a 140-bp fragment of the promoter region of t ... | 1990 | 2230244 |
| a large outbreak of antibiotic-resistant shigellosis at a mass gathering. | in july 1987, a large outbreak of shigellosis occurred among attendees at a mass gathering in a national forest, the annual rainbow family gathering. sanitation in the campsite was poor, allowing widespread transmission of disease, probably by food, water, and person-to-person spread. the attack rate may have been greater than 50% among the estimated 12,700 attendees. the outbreak was caused by shigella sonnei, resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole; the organis ... | 1990 | 2230262 |
| [an improved differential medium, ca medium, for differentiating shigella]. | we devised a citrate-acetate (ca) medium for rapidly differentiating shigella. the medium consisted of 3.0 g of sodium citrate, 2.0 g of sodium acetate, 0.2 g of glucose, 1.0 g of dipotassium phosphate, 1.0 g of mono ammonium phosphate, 0.2 g of magnesium sulfate, 5.0 g of sodium chloride, 0.08 g of brom thymol blue, 15.0 g of agar, and 1000 ml of distilled water. an evaluation was made of the ca medium, for the rapid differentiation of 23 shigella strains, 129 escherichia coli strains and 130 i ... | 1990 | 2230374 |
| undetectable anti-bacterial activity of andrographis paniculata (burma) wall. ex ness. | andrographis paniculata (burma) wall. ex ness (ap) is a herbal medicine and has been used for therapy of upper respiratory tract infection (uri) as well as acute diarrhea with reported efficacy of 75-100 per cent. to investigate whether anti-bacterial activity was responsible for the reported therapeutic success of ap, we carried out a number of studies. the first study was a direct assay of anti-bacterial activity of ap suspended in water. the tested pathogens included salmonella, shigella, e.c ... | 1990 | 2230623 |
| plasmid profiles of shigella dysenteriae type 1 isolates from ethiopia with special reference to r-plasmids. | plasmid profiles of 80 shigella dysenteriae type 1 (shiga's bacillus) strains, collected between 1974 and 1985 in ethiopia, were examined. strains with the dominant antibiotic-resistance (r-) type--resistance to ampicillin (a), chloramphenicol (c), streptomycin (s), sulphadiazine (su) and tetracycline (t)--showed two distinct plasmid profiles (pp). six plasmid bands were demonstrated in "ethiopian strains" with pp-1a isolated between 1974 and 1982. in mating experiments with these strains, esche ... | 1990 | 2231675 |
| induction of verotoxin sensitivity in receptor-deficient cell lines using the receptor glycolipid globotriosylceramide. | verotoxin 1 is an escherichia coli-derived subunit toxin that specifically binds to the glycolipid globotriosylceramide and is cytotoxic for cells that contain this plasma membrane glycolipid. glycolipid incorporation experiments have now been performed using human lymphoid cells of the b lineage that lack this receptor, to conclusively demonstrate that globotriosylceramide alone is a functional receptor for this toxin. globotriosylceramide incorporated into the membrane of toxin-resistant cells ... | 1990 | 2236008 |
| quinolone antibiotics in the treatment of salmonella infections. | the 4-fluoroquinolones are a new class of antimicrobial agents that possess broad in vitro antibacterial activity, including efficacy against enteric pathogens such as salmonella, shigella, campylobacter, yersinia, and vibrio species. these drugs are clinically effective against both drug-sensitive and multiresistant strains of salmonella typhi and salmonella paratyphi that cause enteric fever. in salmonella enterocolitis, the quinolones--unlike older antimicrobial agents that may have little im ... | 1990 | 2237130 |
| [new aspects of intolerance of the aqueous iodinated x-ray contrast medium, adipiodone--fatal interaction of adipiodone-ultrabil with the immunomodulators corynebacterium parvum (cp) and shigella dysenteriae endotoxin (lps)]. | the authors assume a new type of interaction of the aqueous x-ray contrast substance type adipiodone (ultrabil 50% spofa) with immunomodulators of corynebacterium parvum (cp) and the endotoxin of shigella dysenteriae (lps). the fatal type of interaction developed regularly as a result of the concurrent i.v. administration of the x-ray contrast substance adipiodone with the endotoxin of shigella dys. (lps) to laboratory animals (mice) which had five days previously a single dose of corynebacteriu ... | 1990 | 2237238 |
| salmonella and shigella carriers among refugees from the middle east and sri lanka in denmark. | one per cent of ten thousand refugees were asymptomatic carriers of salmonella and shigella species found by a differentiated health check programme at a danish red cross arrival centre in denmark 1985 and 1986. six patients with typhoid fever and one with s. parathyphi-a septicaemia all fell ill within the first few weeks after arrival. a child of a chronic s. typhi carrier developed typhoid fever four months after arrival. cases of sporadic and mild diarrhoea occurred due to salmonella and shi ... | 1990 | 2237324 |
| epidemiological study of sulfonamide and trimethoprim resistance genes in enterobacteriaceae. | sulfonamide (su) and trimethoprim (tp) resistance are known to caused by the production of drug resistant dihydropteroate synthase (dhps) and dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr), respectively. sulfonamide and trimethoprim are often used in combination under the name cotrimoxazole. cotrimoxazole resistance in various enteric bacteria isolated at ramathibodi hospital was studied. the rate of resistance from 1984-1989 of many genera was rather constant at 40%-60% except in shigella spp in which the rate ... | 1990 | 2237584 |
| prevalent serogroups and antimicrobial susceptibility of shigella strains in metro manila, 1982-1988. | from 1982 to 1988, shigella was detected in 4% of stool specimens cultured at the research institute for tropical medicine (ritm), manila. s. flexneri was the most prevalent serogroup with 2a, 1b and 1a as the predominant serotypes. isolation was most frequent during the july to december period. drug resistance was most often observed in s. flexneri with serotype 2a exhibiting resistance to the combination of ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tetracycline and streptomycin. more multiple-drug than sin ... | 1990 | 2237588 |
| behavior of urban based child caretakers in the home treatment of diarrheal diseases. | behaviors of low income urban mothers and child caretakers in the treatment of childhood less than 5 year diarrhea were analysed from a surveillance study conducted between august 1988 and july 1989. help seeking behaviors of mothers and caretakers for 412 episodes of child diarrhea were as follows: investigators 37.1%, drug stores 18.2%, wait and see or self treatment 17.0%, private clinics 12.6%, near by hospital 10.2%, and local health center 4.9%. major treatment practices included ort alone ... | 1990 | 2237599 |
| the monitoring of foodhandlers in papua new guinea. | in early 1987 guidelines were re-enforced for pre-employment medicals and 6-monthly health checks on foodhandlers in the ok tedi mining project in papua new guinea. the health monitoring program was stepped up as a result of two typhoid cases imported from the highlands and catering subcontractors failing to comply with the necessary pre-placement medicals for foodhandlers. highlanders made up 28% (49/174) of the ok tedi catering department's workforce in 1987. the initial screen of 155 foodhand ... | 1990 | 2238835 |
| recurrent seizures in children with shigella-associated convulsions. | fifty-five children with shigella-associated convulsions were followed prospectively to investigate their risk of subsequent febrile or nonfebrile seizures. the duration of the follow-up period was between 6.9 and 14.1 years (9.7 +/- 3.1 years). no case of nonfebrile seizures and only 2 cases (3%) of subsequent febrile seizures were observed during this period. we conclude that although febrile and shigella-associated convulsions share many clinical features, the natural history of these two con ... | 1990 | 2241123 |
| multi-drug-resistant shigella infections in fujian province, china. | | 1990 | 2243184 |
| [monotherapy using cefotaxime (claforan) in severe dysentery caused by highly resistant shigella]. | | 1990 | 2244065 |
| hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with shigellosis: a report of 8 cases. | during an outbreak of dysentery in the northeastern part of thailand, eight cases of hus were admitted to srinagarind hospital from april to september 1987. their ages ranged from 6 months to 6 years (mean age = 2.4 years). all patients had prodromal symptoms of mucous bloody diarrhea. the stool culture was positive for shigella dysentery type i in one case. the treatment included blood transfusion, peritoneal dialysis, exchange transfusion and supportive treatment. one patient died from nosocom ... | 1990 | 2246628 |
| [bacillary dysentery--1988]. | | 1990 | 2251385 |
| [local immunity in pathology of the iga system (iga subclasses in the saliva of patients with a-paraproteinemia)]. | in 39 patients with a-paraproteinemia, the local immunity status was estimated according to the level of iga subclasses in the saliva and antibody activity of secretory iga to e. coli and s. sonnei. local production of normal iga was undisturbed only in 12 patients with a-paraproteinemia, since in the saliva of those patients, there was a normal correlation of iga subclasses and the level of antimicrobial iga antibodies was the same as in healthy persons. the overwhelming majority of the patient ... | 1990 | 2251665 |
| [a new serotype of shigella boydii]. | two strains which belong to the same serotype of shigella were isolated from the bloody-pus stool of two patients (in 1986) and is reported in this paper. the results were identical both showing agglutination in low titer with serotype 8 of s. dysenteriae and serotype 4 of s. boydii when the two strains were checked well with all kinds of diagnostic antisera and vice versa, ie the antisera produced by the two strains were also checked well with sera prepared with the representative strains of al ... | 1990 | 2251827 |
| [the molecular heterogeneity of shigella sonnei lipopolysaccharide based on polyacrylamide gel electrophoretic data]. | the molecular heterogeneity of s. sonnei lipopolysaccharide (lps), reflecting the size of lateral o-specific polysaccharide chains, has been established by the method of electrophoresis in acrylamide gel in the presence of sodium dodecyl sulfate and urea. the dominating components fall into three types, viz. those with 0-3, 10-16 and 35-40 repeating structures, the remaining components being minor ones. the electrophoretic profile of s. sonnei lps considerably differs from the profiles of escher ... | 1990 | 2251881 |
| acute encephalopathy from shigellosis with localized brain edema. | | 1990 | 2253435 |
| associated factors of protracted diarrhea. | the associated factors in 80 children (less than 2 yrs) with protracted diarrhea (greater than 21 days duration) and weight loss were: secondary carbohydrate intolerance (36): enteric pathogens (non typhoidal salmonella (11), enteropathogenic e. coli 'epec' (6), giardia (4), and shigella (3); cow's milk protein intolerance (3), gluten intolerance (3); miscellaneous (5); and undiagnosed enteropathy (9). three of the epec showed localised pattern of adherence in vitro with hep-2 cells. most patien ... | 1990 | 2253991 |
| [evaluation of recovery methods of shigella species from fresh marine fish and shellfishes]. | recovery experiments of shigella strains from fresh marine fish and shellfishes, including fresh sea urchin, which have been artificially contaminated with the strains, were performed using the improved shigella broth-enrichment method and the culture method reported by mehlman et al. all of the 43 shigella stock cultures strains tested were recovered easily by the enrichment method from sea urchin individuals inoculated with a small number of viable cells of each strain. that is, a total of 24 ... | 1990 | 2258650 |
| pivampicillin/pivmecillinam in the treatment of shigella carriers. | 24 patients (4-65 years old; median age 29 years) excreting shigella bacteria greater than 8 weeks were treated with the combination pivampicillin (0.25 g)/pivmecillinam (0.20 g), 2 tablets 3 times a day for 14 days. 23/24 patients (96%) were culture negative after treatment. the one patient that did not respond to treatment carried a strain with intermediate sensitivity to mecillinam and resistance to ampicillin. it is concluded that pivampicillin/pivmecillinam is effective for patients excreti ... | 1990 | 2259872 |
| examination of faeces for bacterial pathogens. | | 1990 | 2262578 |
| [bacteriology and epidemiology of shigellas isolated at the army hospital in djibouti]. | in a space of 26 months 108 shigellas were isolated from 104 patients with sporadic and benign diseases. 90% of the subjects were young french. both s. dysenteriae and s. boydii make up 21% of the strains studied. 13% of the germs are multiresistance. multiresistance can enhance development of serious sickness if a virulent strain comes in. | 1990 | 2263188 |
| construction of an auxotrophic shigella flexneri strain for use as a live vaccine. | a virulent shigella flexneri serotype y strain, sfl1, was made auxotrophic for aromatic metabolites, including p-aminobenzoic acid, which is not available in mammalian tissues, by transduction of a tn10-inactivated arod gene from escherichia coli k-12 nk5131. one transductant, sfl114, selected for further studies, had the same biochemical and serological characteristics as the parent strain and the o-antigen patterns of the two strains were identical in sds-page and western blot experiments. sfl ... | 1990 | 2266855 |
| survey of enteropathogenic agents in children with and without diarrhoea in ghana. | a survey was carried out over 1 year in a rural area of ghana on the isolation, detection and/or identification of enteric pathogens from children under 5 years of age with and without diarrhoea. the isolation and detection rate of shigella flexneri, shigella dysenteriae, giardia lamblia and rotavirus were higher in children with diarrhoea than in controls. yersinia enterocolitica, vibrio cholerae and vibrio parahaemolyticus were not isolated during the period of this survey. the incidence of ot ... | 1990 | 2270006 |
| toxic dilatation of the colon in shigellosis. | | 1990 | 2271862 |
| shigellosis in new brunswick. | | 1990 | 2272103 |
| community outbreaks of shigellosis--united states. | | 1990 | 2272104 |
| usda expands early warning system for harmful food bacteria. | | 1990 | 2272871 |
| dna sequence analysis of the reca genes from proteus vulgaris, erwinia carotovora, shigella flexneri and escherichia coli b/r. | the complete nucleotide sequences of the reca genes from escherichia coli b/r, shigella flexneri, erwinia carotovora and proteus vulgaris were determined. the dna sequence of the coding region of the e. coli b/r gene contained a single nucleotide change compared with the e. coli k12 gene sequence whereas the s. flexneri gene differed at 7 residues. in both cases, the predicted proteins were identical in primary structure to the e. coli k12 reca protein. the dna sequences of the reca genes from e ... | 1990 | 2274037 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of shigella isolated from patients from 1974-1985]. | antibiotic sensitivity of 3524 shigella cultures isolated from patients in 1974-1982 and 414 cultures isolated in 1983-1985 was assayed with standard paper disks. the isolates of 1974-1982 were mostly responsive to ampicillin, carbenicillin, kanamycin, gentamicin, monomycin, neomycin and chloramphenicol. certain differences in the level of the antibiotic resistance were observed in the shigella isolates belonging to diverse species. polyresistant cultures of shigella amounted to 96.5% and ranged ... | 1990 | 2275584 |
| protective milk o antibodies induced in guinea pigs by parenteral shigella ribosomal vaccine. | igg and iga o antibodies were studied in milk and sera of guinea pigs subcutaneously immunized at various stages of pregnancy with shigella ribosomal vaccines (srv) from shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri. both vaccines induced o antibodies in milk, the level of iga antibodies being significantly higher than that of igg antibodies. the immune milk provided a clear-cut protection against experimental shigella-induced keratoconjunctivitis. these results are consistent with the previously shown ... | 1990 | 2276843 |
| [treatment of salmonellosis and shigellosis with the new quinolones]. | sixty patients with enterocolitis (36 men, 24 females), mean age thirty seven (12 to 84) have been treated with new quinolones. two groups have been constituted. first group included patients without bacteremia despite enterocolitis. among them, 9 patients suffered from shigellosis (8 s. flexneri, 1 s. sonnei). twenty-two patients had a minor salmonellosis (13 s. typhimurium, 4 s. enteritidis, 1 s. blockley, 1 s. virchow, 1 s. london, 1 s. baildon, 1 s. c2 group). patients in the second group un ... | 1990 | 2277722 |
| [dynamic of use of chemotherapeutic preparations: quantity, nomenclature, main trends and the problems in medical practice]. | data on the amounts, nomenclature and trends in the dynamics of the use of chemotherapeutic drugs in medicine and agriculture in the rsfsr in 1971-1983 were examined. it was shown that the amounts of their use for these purposes permanently increased. the levels of the use of antibacterial drugs in agriculture markedly exceeded (1.5 to 9 times in different years) those in medicine. on the whole tetracyclines, penicillins and nitrofurans were the drugs most widely used in both medicine and agricu ... | 1990 | 2278494 |
| in vitro activity of hre 664, a penem antibiotic. | hre 664, a new penem antibiotic, inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella, shigella, providencia, aeromonas, and morganella at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml but was considerably less active than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and imipenem. it did not inhibit pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic greater than 128 micrograms/ml). hre 664 inhibited enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens at 1-8 micrograms/m ... | 1990 | 2279381 |
| multiplex pcr amplification and immobilized capture probes for detection of bacterial pathogens and indicators in water. | detection of pathogens (legionella species) and indicator bacteria (coliform bacteria) was achieved by multiplex (simultaneous) pcr amplification of diagnostic gene sequences and by hybridization to immobilized poly-dt-tailed capture probes using a dot- or slot-blot approach. complex manipulations of primer concentrations and staggered additions of primers were required in order to achieve equal amplification of multiple genes. multiplex pcr amplification of two different legionella genes, one s ... | 1990 | 2280781 |
| [current views on the pathomorphology and pathogenesis of dysentery]. | according to the literature and the authors' data in patients who died of dysentery shigellae are found seldom because of postmortem shedding of superficial colonic epithelium infected by them. shigella adhesion and invasion into the colonocytes are regularly found in the colon biopsies. as shown recently in experiments, shigella outer membrane proteins forming "contact haemolysin" ("virulence plasmid" product) are responsible for their invasion. in the small intestine this cytotoxin is destroye ... | 1990 | 2281980 |
| identification of a new enteroinvasive escherichia coli strain. | we isolated an enteroinvasive escherichia coli strain which did not react with antisera raised against all known e. coli serogroups, shigella groups a, b, c and d or provisional shigella serotypes. we propose the provisional designation of escherichia coli mg for this strain, until the identification of its o antigen is established. | 1990 | 2284505 |
| [the characteristics of the proliferative processes in the epithelium of the sigmoid intestine in acute bacillary dysentery]. | proliferative processes were studied using radioautography with 3h-thymidine at the height of the disease and in the early convalescence of the bacterial dysentery. the mucous membrane of the sigmoid colon of healthy persons undergoing rectoromanoscopy due to the epidemic reasons served as control. no pathologic changes were found in these healthy persons; the labeled nuclei index (lni) was 5.75 +/- 0.4%, the label intensity (li) characterizing the rate of dna synthesis was 14.9 +/- 0.8. during ... | 1990 | 2285363 |
| [the epidemiological characteristics of shigellosis]. | | 1990 | 2286252 |
| [convulsions in childhood shigella gastroenteritis. an evaluation of risk factors]. | fifty-five patients with the diagnosis of shigella gastroenteritis were studied, 29 (52.7%) of whom had convulsions. various symptoms and signs were compared between patients with and without convulsions to define risk factors for the development of seizures. to have a younger age and high body temperature were important predisposing factors. hyponatremia and type of shigella organism were not contributing factors in the development of seizures. | 1990 | 2287293 |
| new vaccines against bacterial enteric infections. | during the last 10 years, rapid progress in basic research and biotechnology related to enteric infection has now begun to have a substantial impact on vaccine development against these infections. two new typhoid vaccines, one for oral administration and the other for injection, which have much fewer and milder side effects than previous whole-cell parenteral vaccines, have become available. an oral cholera vaccine has been developed which, without any adverse reactions at all, confers long-las ... | 1990 | 2287897 |
| [the differential diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis]. | differential diagnosis of intestinal amebiasis (106 patients), acute flexner's dysentery (105 patients) and nonspecific ulcerative colitis (31 patients) based on the clinical data and rectoromanoscopic findings is described. rapidly and gradually progressing in the first 7 days intestinal amebiasis is characterized by a gradual onset, normal t0 with mounting general weakness, celiectasia, diarrhea with hyaloid mucus, focal catarrh-hemorrhagic changes and appearance of individual oval transversal ... | 1990 | 2290391 |
| association of thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura and human immunodeficiency virus infection. | a 35 year-old hiv-positive male intravenous drug abuser developed thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (ttp) during the course of recto-sigmoiditis secondary to shigella flexneri. complete remission was achieved by aggressive treatment of a combination of plasma exchange, fresh frozen plasma infusion, continuous prostacyclin perfusion, p.o. administered aspirin-dipyridamol and intravenous injections of vincristine. during acute microangiopathy, an acquired type ii von willebrand disease was diagn ... | 1990 | 2290713 |
| human salmonella and shigella infections in moroni, the capital of great comoro island (1987-1988). | over a period of two years 98 cultures of salmonella and 17 cultures of shigella were isolated at the el maarouf hospital, moroni, capital of the comoros. almost half of the isolates were from children under 5 years. salmonella belonged to a limited range of serotypes, s. typhi dominating in adults and s. enteritidis in children, often with bacteraemia. antibiotic resistance was virtually absent in salmonella and without clinical significance in shigella. the high isolation rate of s. enteritidi ... | 1990 | 2291695 |
| treatment of typhoid fever and infectious diarrhoea with ciprofloxacin. | ciprofloxacin and other related fluorinated 4-quinolones have microbiological and pharmacokinetic properties that suggest they could be useful agents in the management of typhoid fever and bacterial gastroenteritis. initial studies confirm that this is the case. against fully sensitive salmonella typhi ciprofloxacin is clinically as effective as chloramphenicol or co-trimoxazole. it is also effective treatment for antibiotic-resistant strains which cause epidemic and endemic infection throughout ... | 1990 | 2292545 |
| enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin ii using p1 glycoprotein from hydatid cysts. | shiga toxin from shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains and shiga-like toxins (slt) i and ii from escherichia coli bind to terminal alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-d-galp containing glycolipids. hydatid cyst fluid isolated from sheep infected with echinococcus granulosus contains a glycoprotein (p1gp) with a terminal alpha-d-galp-(1----4)-d-galp disaccharide. preparations of p1gp were shown to interact directly with shiga toxin and to inhibit the binding and cytotoxicity of shiga toxin to hela cells. a sandw ... | 1990 | 2295845 |
| production of specific monoclonal antibodies to salmonella typhi flagellin and possible application to immunodiagnosis of typhoid fever. | four murine monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to salmonella typhi flagellin were produced. these mabs did not react with eight other enterobacterial strains tested: salmonella enteritidis, salmonella typhimurium, salmonella paratyphi a, escherichia coli, shigella flexneri, shigella sonnei, yersinia enterocolitica, and campylobacter jejuni. all four mabs cross-reacted with salmonella muenchen flagellin indicating specificity for d antigenic flagellar epitope. one mab (c4) was selected to develop a dou ... | 1990 | 2295860 |
| evolution of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and application to the fine-tuned phylogenetic positioning of enteric bacteria. | a comprehensive phylogenetic tree for virtually the entire assemblage of enteric bacteria is presented. character states of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis are used as criteria, and the results are compared with partial trees based upon sequencing of 16s rrna, 5s rrna, and tryptophan leader peptide. three major clusters are apparent. enterocluster 1 possesses a gene fusion (trpg-trpd) encoding anthranilate synthase: anthranilate 5-phosphoribosylpyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferase of tryptop ... | 1990 | 2298692 |
| inappropriate testing for diarrheal diseases in the hospital. | to assess the degree to which routine stool cultures, ova and parasite examinations, and clostridium difficile toxin assays may be inappropriately ordered on hospitalized patients, we conducted a retrospective study to determine the relative yield of these tests on specimens collected from outpatients and inpatients as a function of time after admission. during a 3-year period, only 1 of 191 positive stool cultures and none of the 90 ova and parasite examinations with positive results were from ... | 1990 | 2299766 |
| in vitro activity of norfloxacin and other antibacterial agents against gastro-intestinal pathogens isolated in sweden. | the in vitro activity of norfloxacin was compared to that of ampicillin, doxycycline, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim in combination with sulfamethoxazole (1/20), and erythromycin, against 272 clinical isolates of gastro-intestinal pathogens. norfloxacin was the most active compound of those tested with mics in the range 0.004-2 mg/l. concentrations inhibiting 90% of the strains (mic 90) were 0.008 mg/l for vibrio cholerae, 0.016 mg/l for aeromonas hydrophila, 0.032 mg/l for vibrio cholerae non 01 ... | 1990 | 2302351 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bismuth subsalicylate. | this study was undertaken to determine the in vitro activity of bismuth subsalicylate (bss) and sodium salicylate (ss) against various groups of pathogenic bacteria. bss had the greatest activity against clostridium difficile, which had a minimal inhibitory concentration for 90% of the strains (mic90) of 128 micrograms/ml. the bacteroides fragilis group also had a relatively low mic90 of 512 micrograms/ml. bss had the least activity against pseudomonas (mic90, 6,144 micrograms/ml). ss was as act ... | 1990 | 2305178 |
| detection of coliform bacteria in water by polymerase chain reaction and gene probes. | polymerase chain reaction (pcr) amplification and gene probe detection of regions of two genes, lacz and lamb, were tested for their abilities to detect coliform bacteria. amplification of a segment of the coding region of escherichia coli lacz by using a pcr primer annealing temperature of 50 degrees c detected e. coli and other coliform bacteria (including shigella spp.) but not salmonella spp. and noncoliform bacteria. amplification of a region of e. coli lamb by using a primer annealing temp ... | 1990 | 2306085 |
| virg, an agrobacterium tumefaciens transcriptional activator, initiates translation at a uug codon and is a sequence-specific dna-binding protein. | the agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmid virg locus, in conjunction with vira and acetosyringone, activates transcription of the virulence (vir) genes. insertional and deoxyoligonucleotide-directed mutagenesis studies showed that both octopine and nopaline ti plasmid virg genes initiate translation at a uug codon. virg protein initiated at this uug codon was found to be 241 amino acid residues in length and had an apparent molecular mass of 27.1 kilodaltons. a salmonella typhimurium trp-virg tra ... | 1990 | 2307647 |
| death in shigellosis: incidence and risk factors in hospitalized patients. | the total number of admissions and deaths of patients with shigellosis were ascertained at the dhaka treatment centre of the international centre for diarrhoeal disease research, bangladesh, 1974-1988, and the characteristics of 67 patients who died were compared with those of 134 discharged alive. of 9780 shigella-infected inpatients, 889 (9.1%) died; 32.3% of deaths occurred in children less than 1 year of age. fatality rates were highest (10.3%) in shigella sonnei-infected patients and lowest ... | 1990 | 2313128 |
| the association of shiga toxin and other cytotoxins with the neurologic manifestations of shigellosis. | the neurologic symptoms in human shigellosis have often been attributed to shiga toxin, although its exact role has not been determined. by use of a [3h] thymidine-labeled hela cell assay, cytotoxic activity was demonstrated in stool but not cerebrospinal fluid or serum from five patients with shigellosis presenting with seizures or encephalopathy. bacterial isolates produced 16.0-88.2 cd50 (50% cytotoxic dose) of cytotoxin/mg of protein. the toxin activity in stool and the cytotoxic activity of ... | 1990 | 2324546 |
| factors influencing the duration of acute diarrheal disease in infancy. | the majority of episodes of acute infectious diarrhea in infancy are of relatively short duration. prolongation of the diarrhea presents problems in management, deterioration of the infant's nutritional status, and an increased mortality. as part of a prospective study of the etiology of acute infectious diarrhea, some factors associated with the probability (more or less) of having self-limiting disease have been identified. the well-nourished infant over 6 months of age is more likely to have ... | 1990 | 2324877 |
| in vitro activities of tosufloxacin, temafloxacin, and a-56620 against pathogens of diarrhea. | tosufloxacin (a-60969 hcl), a new quinolone with broad activity against gram-positive and anaerobic organisms, was compared in vitro with other quinolones against bacterial pathogens of diarrhea. tosufloxacin was the most active agent against salmonella spp., shigella spp., campylobacter spp., aeromonas hydrophila, and vibrio spp. temafloxacin (a-62254) also demonstrated good activity against these organisms. | 1990 | 2327784 |
| occurrence of aeromonas species and plesiomonas shigelloides in patients with and without diarrhoea in lagos, nigeria. | the prevalence of aeromonas spp. and plesiomonas shigelloides was determined in patients attending the enteric laboratory of the department of medical microbiology and parasitology, lagos university teaching hospital, nigeria. during the 12-month study (october 1986-september 1987), aeromonas spp. were isolated from 53 (2.26%) of 2350 patients with diarrhoea and only 2 (0.4%) of 500 patients without diarrhoea (p less than 0.01). similarly, p. shigelloides was isolated from 16 (0.68%) patients wi ... | 1990 | 2342086 |
| therapeutic value of gramurin (oxolinic acid) in shigella infections and shigella-negative dysentery syndrome. | a total of 10 shigella-positive and 10 shigella-negative dysentery syndrome patients were treated with daily 2-g gramurin doses for 3 days. favourable clinical results could be obtained in response to the therapy. the complaints of the patients ceased within 48 hours. bacterial negativity was recorded on days 3, 4, and 5 after cessation of therapy in shigella flexneri-positive cases (5 cases), while in case of shigella sonnei positivity bacterium negativity could be obtained within the abovement ... | 1990 | 2345905 |
| [cryptosporidiosis in children]. | during january through june 1988, oocysts of cryptosporidium were identified in fecal samples of 83 (7.7%) of 1073 children who presented with acute gastroenteritis. other intestinal pathogens were less common: salmonella 4.2%, e. coli 1.9%, shigella 2.6% and campylobacter jejuni 5.0%. cryptosporidiosis (c) was more common under the age of 5 years than over (8.4% vs 1.8%, respectively, p less than 0.01). in 6 (7.2%) children with c, another stool pathogen was found. frequent signs of c were diar ... | 1990 | 2347532 |
| laboratory observations on plesiomonas shigelloides strains isolated from children with diarrhea in peru. | eleven strains of plesiomonas shigelloides isolated from 10 peruvian children with diarrhea were examined. all the strains were resistant to two or more antibiotics, most commonly ampicillin, gentamicin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and streptomycin. the strains were all negative in the sereny and cell culture assays used to test for enteroinvasiveness. one strain showed cytotoxic activity on vero cells. the strains showed no antigenic relationship with shigella organisms. both bioassays and enzyme- ... | 1990 | 2351731 |
| epidemiology of bacterial pathogens associated with infectious diarrhea in djibouti. | during a survey examining the causes of diarrhea in the east african country of djibouti, 140 bacterial pathogens were recovered from 209 diarrheal and 100 control stools. the following pathogens were isolated at comparable frequencies from both diarrheal and control stools: enteroadherent escherichia coli (eaec) (10.6 versus 13%), enterotoxigenic e. coli (etec) (11 versus 10%), enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) (7.7 versus 12%), salmonella spp. (2.9 versus 3%), and campylobacter jejuni-c. coli (3 ... | 1990 | 2351738 |
| epidemiologic surveillance of enteric diseases in alaska--value of case investigation. | patients infected by salmonella, shigella, giardia, campylobacter, yersinia, and hepatitis a virus were interviewed during a 15-month period to evaluate the benefit of intensive follow-up, to assess the proportion of cases who had contact with children less than four years of age, and to determine risk factors. of 746 reported infections, we interviewed 345 patients (46%) and identified 199 other ill people. follow-up of sporadic, passively reported cases required considerable resources, but no ... | 1990 | 2353745 |
| salmonella, shigella and sugar. | | 1990 | 2354349 |
| observation on distribution of shigella species in lagos: a report for the period 1985-1988. | | 1990 | 2361548 |