| the prophenoloxidase system and in vitro interaction of trypanosoma rangeli with rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans haemolymph. | the presence of the prophenoloxidase (propo) system in the haemolymph of rhodnius prolixus and triatoma infestans and the role played by trypanosoma rangeli in the in vitro activation of propo were tested. both r. prolixus and t. infestans whole blood preparations showed a very active propo system. the propo cascade of the two insect species were differentially activated by microbial-derived extracts: laminarin was a better activator of t. infestans haemolymph than of r. prolixus blood, and lipo ... | 1991 | 1956701 |
| would control of childhood infectious diseases reduce malnutrition? | infectious diseases and especially diarrheal diseases have been noted to have an adverse effect on the growth of underprivileged children in developing countries. diarrheal diseases have been estimated to account for 10-80% of growth retardation in the first few years of life, with the magnitude of effect possibly modified by other factors, such as the adequacy and source of dietary intake, treatment and feeding practices during and following illness and the opportunity for catch-up growth after ... | 1991 | 1957617 |
| antibiotic sensitivity pattern; experience at university hospital, riyadh, saudi arabia. | results of sensitivity testing were discussed based on examination of 5192 isolates of the various bacteria isolated from clinical specimens from king khalid university hospital in riyadh, saudi arabia. streptococcus pyogenes and streptococcus pneumoniae were sensitive to penicillin and erythromycin. the sensitivity pattern of staphylococcus aureus was also predictable as they were fairly sensitive to both methicillin (98%) and erythromycin (96%). neisseria gonorrhoeae (27%) showed a high level ... | 1991 | 1960392 |
| tumor necrosis factor and its induction by bacterial endotoxins. | using suitable immunomodulators (corynebacterium parvum vaccine, zymosan or muramyl dipeptide), lipopolysaccharides (lps) from various members of the family enterobacteriaceae (escherichia, salmonella, serratia, shigella) were tested on rabbits in relation to the production of tumor necrosis factor (tnf). tnf was determined by means of the serum titration of l-929 cell cultures in the presence of actinomycin d, this with resulting titres of 3.2 x 10(3) to 5.1 x 10(4) iu tnf/ml. analogous titres ... | 1991 | 1960395 |
| differences in blood group b-specific mucinase activity between virulent and avirulent shigella flexneri 2a strains. | based on our previous findings we postulate that the production of blood group b-degrading mucinase by shigella flexneri 2a is related to virulence. the virulent s. flexneri 2a strain m4243 produced a blood group b mucinase which decreased the blood group b reactivity of germ-free mouse mucins by a factor of 16 and the b reactivity of human saliva by a factor of 32. avirulent s. flexneri 2a b-1, serologically similar, but not genetically identical to the m4243 strain, failed to degrade the blood ... | 1991 | 1961109 |
| the etiology of diarrhea among american adults living in peru. | during 1984-1989, 655 diarrheic and 287 nondiarrheic stool specimens from adult u.s. citizens living in lima, peru were tested for presence of bacterial enteropathogens. frequencies of isolation among diarrheic specimens were: shigella 9.8%; campylobacter 6.1%; enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) 6.0%; plesiomonas 2.0%; salmonella 1.4%; and vibrio 0.6%. isolates recovered from non-diarrheic stools were: shigella 4.5%; campylobacter 2.1%; salmonella 1.0%; etec 0.7%; plesiomonas 0.7%; and vibr ... | 1991 | 1961431 |
| listeriosis following shigellosis. | in 1987 an outbreak of illness due to listeria monocytogenes occurred in philadelphia. in contrast to previously studied outbreaks, no source of infection or vehicle of transmission could be identified, and several listerial strains were found to be involved. a hypothesis that was developed and eventually published suggests that clinical listeriosis may occur when individuals who are asymptomatic for listerial infection but whose gastrointestinal tract has been colonized by listeria organisms be ... | 1991 | 1962099 |
| distribution of insertion sequence is200 in salmonella and shigella. | two dna probes for the detection of insertion sequence is200 by either southern blotting or colony hybridization were constructed. one of the probes is a 300 bp ecori-hindiii fragment of is200 cloned onto pbluescript ks(+); the other is a tail-to-tail dimer of the same fragment cloned onto puc19. a survey of the presence of is200 among enteric bacteria revealed that more than 90% of the pathogenic or food-poisoning isolates of salmonella spp. examined contained one or more copies of insertion se ... | 1990 | 1964174 |
| expression of glycolipid receptors to shiga-like toxin on human b lymphocytes: a mechanism for the failure of long-lived antibody response to dysenteric disease. | fresh and transformed human b lineage cells were found to be sensitive to the cytotoxic action of shiga-like toxin (slt), a bacterial cytotoxin. the toxin was specifically bound by the glycolipids globotriosylceramide and galabiosylceramide expressed on the surface of sensitive cells. mutant daudi cells selected for resistance to slt cytotoxicity (sltr20) were deficient in slt-binding glycolipids and failed to bind slt to their surface, suggesting a role for these glycolipids in the mediation of ... | 1990 | 1965141 |
| the current status of diarrhoea related vaccines. | since diarrhea is responsible for considerable morbidity and mortality in india as well as in developing and developed countries, public health specialists strive to develop vaccines against various pathogens which cause diarrhea. rotavirus (rv) causes 20-40% of severe diarrhea among 6-24 month olds. so they hope for a single dose vaccine against all 4 rv serotypes which can be administered to newborns, but such a vaccine does not yet exist. the bovine and rhesus vaccines are the only heterol ... | 1990 | 1966245 |
| production and characterization of monoclonal antibodies with therapeutic potential against shiga toxin. | four monoclonal antibodies (t2d1, t3b1, t7b2 and t4c4) were produced and characterized against sh. dysenteriae type 1. these monoclonal antibodies (mcabs) were shown to be directed against the same or adjacent determinants on the a-subunit of the shiga toxin. all the anti-shiga toxin mcabs are igg1 (kappa) antibodies and have the capacity to neutralize the cytotoxic and neurotoxic effects of the shiga toxin: the data strongly suggest that both of the activities, associated with the toxin, are du ... | 1990 | 1966939 |
| immunoglobulin profiles and antibacterial antibody levels in 50 patients a long time after posttraumatic splenectomy. | serum immunoglobulin and antibacterial antibody concentrations have been determined in 50 patients 2 to 20 years after posttraumatic splenectomy. the serum levels of igg, iga and igm were found to be significantly greater in the group of posttraumatic splenectomy patients than in that of the healthy controls. the serum ige concentrations did not differ statistically from that of the controls. the serum level of natural antibodies against intestinal bacteria were found to be elevated (shigella 1b ... | 1990 | 1966943 |
| single-dose ciprofloxacin for shigellosis. | | 1990 | 1971401 |
| pivmecillinam-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 infection in bangladesh. | | 1990 | 1972232 |
| danger of antibiotic resistance in shigellosis. | | 1990 | 1973507 |
| characterization of bovine septicemic, bovine diarrheal, and human enteroinvasive escherichia coli that hybridize with k88 and f41 accessory gene probes but do not express these adhesins. | certain dna probes derived from accessory genes of cloned k88 and f41 determinants hybridize with escherichia coli strains that express k88 or f41 and with certain other e. coli strains that do not express these antigens. we found that these probes hybridized with human enteroinvasive e. coli, and with bovine e. coli isolates which produced a fatal septicemia in experimentally infected piglets. these strains did not hybridize with probes derived from the structural subunit genes encoding the k88 ... | 1990 | 1980001 |
| specific detection of escherichia coli and shigella species using fragments of genes coding for beta-glucuronidase. | the occurrence of beta-glucuronidase activity, a main characteristic of escherichia coli and the presence of the uid chromosomal region of e. coli, coding for this enzyme, were tested on representative members of enteric bacteria. dna hybridization techniques using uid probes and amplification experiments of uida gene by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) confirmed the specificity of uid genes for e. coli and shigella spp. (i.e., s. boydii, s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri and s. sonnei), independen ... | 1990 | 1982103 |
| human milk secretory immunoglobulin a to shigella virulence plasmid-coded antigens. | although antibodies to the lipopolysaccharide antigens of shigella have been demonstrated in human milk, such antibodies do not explain the putative protective effect of breast-feeding against symptomatic shigella infection. shigella species do not share related lipopolysaccharides, but they do possess closely related virulence plasmids that code for the proteins essential for cell invasion. we therefore sought to determine the frequency, amount, and duration of excretion of human milk antibodie ... | 1991 | 1986095 |
| penetration and replication of edwardsiella spp. in hep-2 cells. | the ability of 22 edwardsiella strains to penetrate and replicate in cultured epithelial cells was initially evaluated by light microscopy methods and by the recovery of gentamicin-resistant (gmr) bacteria from the triton x-100 cell lysates of hep-2-infected monolayers. giemsa-stained hep-2 cells revealed the presence of numerous internalized bacteria 3 h postinfection, often appearing as parallel rows of replicated bacteria within the cytosol and sometimes obliterating the cytoplasm because of ... | 1991 | 1987028 |
| controlled expression of the transcriptional activator gene virg in agrobacterium tumefaciens by using the escherichia coli lac promoter. | the agrobacterium virg protein is normally expressed from two promoters in response to multiple stimuli, including plant-released phenolics (at promoter p1) and acidic growth media (at promoter p2). to simplify the analysis of vir gene induction, we sought to create agrobacterium strains in which virg could be expressed in a controllable fashion. to study the possibility of using the lac promoter and repressor, we constructed a plasmid containing the lac promoter fused to the lacz structural gen ... | 1991 | 1991713 |
| identification of three amino acid residues in the b subunit of shiga toxin and shiga-like toxin type ii that are essential for holotoxin activity. | shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae type i and shiga-like toxins i and ii (slt-i and slt-ii, respectively) of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli are functionally similar protein cytotoxins. these toxin molecules have a bipartite molecular structure which consists of an enzymatically active a subunit that inhibits protein synthesis in eukaryotic cells and an oligomeric b subunit that binds to globotriaosylceramide glycolipid receptors on eukaryotic cells. regionally directed chemical mutagenesis ... | 1991 | 1991714 |
| laboratory investigations on the low pathogenic potential of plesiomonas shigelloides. | the pathogenic properties of 16 plesiomonas shigelloides strains recovered from humans with extraintestinal and intestinal illnesses, infected animals, and environmental sources were investigated. most strains possessed a high cell charge and low surface hydrophobicity analogous to those of shigella spp.; additionally, serogroup o:17 strains reacted with shigella group d antisera. however, unlike the shigellae, p. shigelloides strains did not universally bind congo red, were noninvasive in hep-2 ... | 1991 | 1993749 |
| improved method for the routine identification of toxigenic escherichia coli by dna amplification of a conserved region of the heat-labile toxin a subunit. | this report describes a dna amplification procedure for routine identification of heat-labile-toxin-producing escherichia coli. two oligonucleotide primers were used in a polymerase chain reaction procedure to amplify a highly conserved region of the a subunit of the heat-labile enterotoxin gene. amplifications were done directly on e. coli colonies from plates when salmonella, shigella, or parasite infections were excluded as agents of the severe diarrhea in the patients. the conditions for the ... | 1991 | 1993750 |
| molecular analysis of variant plasmid forms of a bivalent salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine strain. | the salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei hybrid vaccine strain 5076-ic was constructed to express the s. sonnei form i antigen, which may play an important role in producing protective immunity. three clonal variants which existed in preparations of the vaccine could be distinguished phenotypically by lactose utilization, s. sonnei form i antigen expression, and restriction enzyme analysis of large plasmid dna. since expression of the form i antigen was lost in two of the clonal variants, genetic in ... | 1991 | 1993762 |
| etiology of childhood diarrhea in beijing, china. | to determine the role of recently recognized enteropathogens in childhood diarrhea in china, 221 children with diarrhea and 108 controls seen at the beijing children's hospital were studied during april and may 1989. stools were examined for ova, parasites, and rotavirus, cultured for bacterial pathogens, and probed for enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec), enteroinvasive e. coli (eiec), enterohemorrhagic e. coli (ehec), and enteropathogenic adherence factor-positive (eaf+) e. coli. pathogens ... | 1991 | 1993771 |
| production and characterization of a monoclonal antibody specific for enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli of serotypes o157:h7 and o26:h11. | a monoclonal antibody (mab 4e8c12) specific for escherichia coli o157:h7 and o26:h11 was produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a rough strain of e. coli o157:h7. the antibody reacted strongly by a direct enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with each of 36 strains of e. coli o157:h7. no cross-reactivity was observed with strains of salmonella spp., yersinia enterocolitica, shigella dysenteriae, proteus spp., escherichia hermanii, klebsiella pneumoniae, campylobacter jejuni, serratia marcescens, c ... | 1991 | 1993773 |
| yersinia enterocolitica o:3: an emerging cause of pediatric gastroenteritis in the united states. the yersinia enterocolitica collaborative study group. | after an outbreak of yersinia enterocolitica infections among black children in atlanta, a seven-hospital study was conducted to determine the importance of this pathogen in other communities with large black populations. of 4841 stool specimens from patients with gastroenteritis examined between november 1989 and january 1990, y. enterocolitica, shigella, campylobacter, and salmonella were identified in 38, 49, 60, and 98 specimens, respectively; 34 (92%) of 37 y. enterocolitica isolates were s ... | 1991 | 1995741 |
| virulence plasmids of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri integrate into a specific site on the host chromosome: integration greatly reduces expression of plasmid-carried virulence genes. | the ability of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella flexneri to cause disease depends on the presence of a large virulence plasmid (pinv). in this report we show that phn280, the pinv of the o135:k-:h- enteroivasive strain e. coli hn280, and pwr100, the pinv of s. flexneri serotype 5 strain m90t, are able to integrate into a specific site on the host chromosome. pinv-integrated hn280 and m90t strains required methionine (met-) to grow in minimal medium, were noninvasive, did not produce ... | 1991 | 1997431 |
| an outbreak of shigella sonnei infection due to contamination of a municipal water supply in northern israel. | an epidemic of more than 8000 cases of shigella sonnei infection took place in four adjacent urban communities which share the same water supply. the epidemic was caused by massive faecal contamination of the drinking water due to a leak from a broken main sewage pipe into an adjacent drilled well. the infecting organism in most cases was s. sonnei colicine type 6, biotype a, which showed a high rate of multiple resistance to commonly used antibacterial drugs. most of those affected were childre ... | 1991 | 2002237 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis at an outdoor music festival. | in august 1988, an estimated 3,175 women who attended a 5-day outdoor music festival in michigan became ill with gastroenteritis caused by shigella sonnei. onset of illness peaked 2 days after the festival ended, and patients were spread throughout the united states by the time the outbreak was recognized. an uncooked tofu salad served on the last day was implicated as the outbreak vehicle (odds ratio = 3.4, p less than 0.0001). over 2,000 volunteer food handlers prepared the communal meals serv ... | 1991 | 2006648 |
| comparative efficacy of ceftriaxone and ampicillin for treatment of severe shigellosis in children. | in a prospective randomized open study, ceftriaxone, 50 mg/kg per day, was compared with ampicillin, 100 mg/kg per day, both given for a period of 5 days, for the treatment of 40 children whose mean (+/- sd) age was 4.5 +/- 3.2 years and who had severe dysentery caused by shigella organisms. twenty patients were treated with ceftriaxone and 20 with ampicillin. both drugs were initially given intravenously for a period of 1 to 2 days and were continued intramuscularly, in the case of ceftriaxone, ... | 1991 | 2007941 |
| etiology and mechanisms of acute infectious diarrhea in infants in the united states. | infectious diarrhea, caused by a wide variety of viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens, is a common reason for morbidity and hospitalization for children in the united states. overall, rotavirus is the most common cause of acute diarrheal disease in infants. salmonella, shigella, and campylobacter are the most frequently isolated bacterial pathogens, and giardia and cryptosporidium are the parasites that most commonly produce acute infectious diarrhea. the mechanisms by which these enteropath ... | 1991 | 2007955 |
| enteric vaccines. | considerable progress has been made in the past decade in developing vaccines against the most important bacterial and viral infections of the gastrointestinal tract. members of the division of geographic medicine in the center for vaccine development have played a prominent role in the laboratory development and clinical testing of these vaccines. a new oral typhoid vaccine, ty21a, has been licensed in the united states. a genetically engineered live oral cholera vaccine developed in the cvd is ... | 1991 | 2008164 |
| construction of aromatic dependent shigella flexneri 2a live vaccine candidate strains: deletion mutations in the aroa and the arod genes. | live shigella flexneri 2a vaccine candidate strains with deletion mutations in the aro genes were constructed. tn10-generated auxotrophic mutations were transduced from escherichia coli to s. flexneri 2a with bacteriophage p1cmcts. the tetracycline-sensitive derivatives of tn10 mutants obtained were selected on bochner's medium and checked by dna-dna hybridization using aroa and arod gene specific probes. the vaccine candidate strains were tested to assess the efficacy of protection in guinea-pi ... | 1991 | 2008803 |
| treatment of travelers' diarrhea: ciprofloxacin plus loperamide compared with ciprofloxacin alone. a placebo-controlled, randomized trial. | to compare the safety and efficacy of loperamide used in combination with ciprofloxacin or ciprofloxacin alone for the treatment of travelers' diarrhea. | 1991 | 2012354 |
| molecular characterization of the o-acetyl transferase gene of converting bacteriophage sf6 that adds group antigen 6 to shigella flexneri. | bacteriophage sf6 antigenically converts shigella flexneri serotype y strains (-;3,4) to type 3b carrying group antigen 6,3,4 by means of an o-acetylation of the o-antigenic polysaccharide chain. the gene for o-acetyl transferase of bacteriophage sf6 has been cloned, identified and sequenced. the predicted o-acetyl transferase protein encoded by this gene was found to consist of 333 amino acids, (37,185 daltons) and to have some similarity with the galactose-1-phosphate uridylyltransferase prote ... | 1991 | 2014005 |
| synthetic peptides as the basis for vaccine design. | | 1991 | 2017193 |
| pathogenic escherichia coli found in food. | the bacteria constituting the species escherichia coli are commonly found in the intestinal flora of man and animals, and were until late 1950s recognized as non-pathogenic normal cohabitants. however, certain strains might induce disease, and e. coli should therefore be regarded as a potential pathogenic organism. the pathogenic strains can cause distinct disease syndrome as different diarrheal diseases, wound infections, meningitis, septicemia, artherosclerosis, hemolytic uremic syndrome and i ... | 1991 | 2018703 |
| stress fiber-based movement of shigella flexneri within cells. | icsa (virg), a gene located on pwr100, the virulence plasmid of shigella flexneri serotype 5 (m90t), encodes a 120-kda outer membrane protein. this protein promotes a random intracellular movement of the bacteria and leads to the infection of adjacent cells by the formation of protrusions. this movement, which involves the nucleation, polymerization, and subsequent polarization of actin, is referred to as the ics phenotype (intra/intercellular spread). here we present evidence that a second, dis ... | 1991 | 2019438 |
| unusual association of a plasmid with nalidixic acid resistance in an epidemic strain of shigella dysenteriae type 1 from asia. | the association of a 20-mda plasmid with nalidixic acid resistant (nalr) strains of shigella dysenteriae 1 has been examined. the plasmid, which is readily transferable, does not itself code for nalidixic acid resistance but offers a survival advantage to its host under nalidixic acid stress. the plasmid-containing cultures of s. dynsenteriae 1 produced nalr mutants in vitro at a frequency 1000-fold higher than their plasmidless parent strains, after two exposures to nalidixic acid. using a simi ... | 1991 | 2021898 |
| efficacy of aqueous extract of garlic & allicin in experimental shigellosis in rabbits. | the aqueous extract of garlic (allium sativum) and allicin both showed significant in vitro antibacterial activity against isolates of multiple drug-resistant shigella dysenteriae 1, sh. flexneri y, sh. sonnei and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. the minimum inhibitory concentrations of the aqueous extract and allicin against sh. flexneri y were 5 and 0.4 microliters/ml, respectively. the two agents also showed promising in vivo antibacterial activity against sh. flexneri y when tested in the r ... | 1991 | 2022399 |
| the lysosomal enzymes of the iris-ciliary body are retained in their organelles and exhibit increased activities during acute uveal inflammation. | acute uveal inflammation, characterised by conjunctival hyperaemia, limbal vascular injection, iritis and aqueous flare, was induced in the rabbit eye by a single intravitreal injection of 10 micrograms of shigella endotoxin. twenty-four, 48 and 72 h after endotoxin administration, lysosomal-rich fractions and cytosolic supernatants were prepared from iris-ciliary bodies and the enzymatic activities of some lysosomal hydrolases in these fractions were assayed. acid phosphatase, aryl sulphatase a ... | 1991 | 2028766 |
| antimicrobial effect of fermented ghanaian maize dough. | unhygienic conditions of a typical rural community in a developing country were simulated in the laboratory by inoculating fermented maize dough porridge with shigella flexneri and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec). the antimicrobial effects of the different processes involved in the preparation of fermented maize dough porridge were assessed. the soaking process reduced the ph but no antimicrobial effect against shigella and etec was noted. unfermented maize dough did not inhibit any of t ... | 1991 | 2030095 |
| the association of haemagglutination and adhesion with lipopolysaccharide of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1. | in this study the ability of strains of shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 to agglutinate mammalian erythrocytes is attributed to the polysaccharide fraction of bacterial-cell lipopolysaccharide (lps). lps obtained from a rough, mutant strain of s. dysenteriae serotype 1, lacking the o-antigen polysaccharide side-chain, did not agglutinate erythrocytes, clearly demonstrating a link between o-antigen polysaccharides and haemagglutinating activity (ha). strains of s. dysenteriae serotype 1 adhered we ... | 1991 | 2030501 |
| two novel virulence loci, mxia and mxib, in shigella flexneri 2a facilitate excretion of invasion plasmid antigens. | a bank of over 4,200 lacz protein fusions in shigella flexneri 2a was screened for fusions to temperature-regulated promoters. one mutant, bs260, was completely noninvasive on hela cells and mapped to a region on the 220-kb virulence plasmid in which we had previously localized several avirulent temperature-regulated operon fusions (a.e. hromockyj and a.t. maurelli, infect. immun. 57:2963-2970, 1989). the phenotype of bs260 was similar to that of the previously identified mxi (membrane expressio ... | 1991 | 2037361 |
| reiter's syndrome and associated arthritides. | several distinct arthritic syndromes now have been recognized in hiv-infected persons. these comprise seronegative spondarthritis, including classic reiter's syndrome and psoriatic arthritis associated with hla-b27, and undifferentiated arthritis usually confined to the lower limbs, unassociated with other lesions, and unrelated to any known genetic marker. in such cases great care should be taken to exclude infection. in addition, a syndrome of short-lived but sometimes severe arthralgias also ... | 1991 | 2041887 |
| four decades of shigellosis in israel: epidemiology of a growing public health problem. | despite the improved standard of living in israel, shigellosis remains a common disease. examination of trends in the incidence of shigellosis in israel between 1951 and 1987 showed a period of declining rates followed by an increase in the reported incidence beginning around 1969. this increase was mainly due to shigella sonnei; rates of infection with shigella flexneri remained relatively constant. trends showed marked differences between age groups and between ethnic groups. in comparison, th ... | 1991 | 2041956 |
| [methods for demonstrating the causative agents of dysentery]. | | 1991 | 2044798 |
| shigella dysenteriae type 1--guatemala, 1991. | on march 14, 1991, physicians at a hospital in guatemala city reported to the institute of nutrition of central america and panama (incap) that a 2-year-old boy living in an orphanage in guatemala city had been hospitalized with dysentery; stool cultures yielded shigella dysenteriae type 1. another child from the orphanage had recently died from dysentery. during march 18-21, two other young children from the orphanage were diagnosed with s. dysenteriae type 1. on march 21, health officials in r ... | 1991 | 2046650 |
| microbiology and diagnosis of infections with shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli. | the etiology of dysentery in thailand and the existing methods of diagnosing infections with shigella and enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec) are reviewed. the four shigella species (s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei) are classically identified by culture of fecal specimens on selective media and testing of isolates for agglutination in species-specific antisera. dna probes have been used to identify both lactose-fermenting and non-lactose-fermenting eiec as well as shigel ... | 1991 | 2047641 |
| epidemiologic aspects of shigellosis and other causes of dysentery in thailand. | nearly 20% of children seen in the outpatient department of children's hospital in bangkok, thailand, for diarrheal disease had bloody diarrhea. shigella species and enteroinvasive escherichia coli--isolated from 13% and 2% of children with diarrhea, respectively--were the most frequent causes of bloody diarrhea. campylobacter species and nontyphoidal salmonella species were also isolated frequently but were much less often associated with bloody diarrhea. shigella species were rarely isolated f ... | 1991 | 2047642 |
| shigellosis in vietnam: seroepidemiologic studies with use of lipopolysaccharide antigens in enzyme immunoassays. | the performance of enzyme immunoassays (eias) with use of o-antigen-containing lipopolysaccharides (lpss) extracted with phenol-water from shigella dysenteriae type 1, shigella flexneri serotypes 1a-5b, and shigella sonnei for determination of the serum antibody responses after onset of bacillary dysentery is reviewed. for the purpose of several studies, serum samples from a total of 175 vietnamese and 47 swedish patients, for whom shigella species had been isolated from fecal specimens, were ob ... | 1991 | 2047643 |
| the epidemiologic importance of dysentery in communities. | this paper explores the epidemiologic importance of dysentery with use of several community studies that demonstrate its prevalence and incidence as well as its association with pathogens, nutritional status, persistent diarrhea, and death. results of these studies showed that while watery diarrhea was most prevalent in children aged 6-11 months, the prevalence of dysentery peaked between 18 and 23 months of age. severely stunted children were found to have significantly prolonged episodes of dy ... | 1991 | 2047644 |
| mortality due to shigellosis: community and hospital data. | almost all fatal cases of shigellosis occur in developing countries, and data on mortality are generally compiled from three sources: investigations of epidemics caused by shigella dysenteriae type 1, surveillance of endemic diarrheal disease, and reports from hospitals. attack rates during epidemics of dysentery due to infection with s. dysenteriae type 1 have ranged from 1% to 33%, and case-fatality rates have ranged from 1% to 7%. in matlab, a rural district in bangladesh, most diarrhea-relat ... | 1991 | 2047645 |
| genetic and molecular basis of epithelial cell invasion by shigella species. | bacteria that belong to the four species of the genus shigella cause a dysenteric syndrome by means of their unique capacity to invade the human colonic mucosa. the various steps of invasion of epithelial cells are controlled by a 220-kilobase plasmid. plasmid genes that encode for entry into cells through bacterium-directed phagocytosis have been identified. among these, ipa genes encode four highly immunogenic polypeptides. the ability of intracellular bacteria to multiply subsequently in an e ... | 1991 | 2047651 |
| shiga toxin: purification, structure, and function. | shiga toxin is a potent toxin produced by shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. the toxin has three biologic activities--cytotoxicity, enterotoxicity, and neurotoxicity--and one known biochemical effect: inhibition of protein synthesis. it consists of two polypeptide chains, an a chain (molecular weight, 32,225) and a b chain (molecular weight, 7,691). these two peptides associate with a stoichiometry of one a and five b subunits to form the holotoxin. the a chain is responsible for the biochemic ... | 1991 | 2047652 |
| digalactosyl-containing glycolipids as cell surface receptors for shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and related cytotoxins of escherichia coli. | purified glycolipids containing galactose-alpha(1-4)galactose bind with shiga toxin of shigella dysenteriae 1 and shiga-like toxins of escherichia coli with high specificity in both thin-layer chromatograms and glycolipid-coated microtiter plates. these glycolipids appear to be the natural cell surface receptors for this class of bacterial toxins since artificial glycoconjugates block cytotoxicity as well as binding of 125i-labeled toxin. cell lines lacking these glycolipids are refractory to to ... | 1991 | 2047653 |
| shiga toxin: intestinal cell receptors and pathophysiology of enterotoxic effects. | shiga toxin is enterotoxic in rabbit small bowel and binds to the microvillus membrane (mvm). the toxin exhibits specificity for glycolipids possessing a terminal gal-alpha 1----4gal disaccharide, including the neutral glycolipid gb3 in mvm. gb3, which is developmentally regulated in the rabbit small bowel, is present in very low concentration until the animals reach day 16 of life. in older animals an increase in gb3 content is paralleled by an increase in the ability of mvm to bind toxin, whic ... | 1991 | 2047654 |
| intestinal manifestations of invasive diarrheas and their diagnosis. | data from studies of 916 children with diarrhea, including 122 from whom shigellae were isolated, and data on patients affected in an epidemic due to shigella dysenteriae type i were analyzed to determine whether a diagnostic clinical profile of shigellosis could be identified. blood and/or mucus in stool, increased frequency of stool, abdominal pain, rectal tenesmus, and fever were noted more frequently in patients with shigellosis. the diagnostic confirmation of shigellosis depends on the isol ... | 1991 | 2047655 |
| potentially lethal complications of shigellosis. | complications that can lead to death during shigellosis include intestinal as well as systemic manifestations. the former include intestinal perforation, toxic megacolon, and dehydration, and the latter include sepsis, hyponatremia, hypoglycemia, seizures and encephalopathy, hemolyticuremic syndrome, pneumonia, and malnutrition. data on the frequency of these complications come primarily from hospital-based studies, in which sepsis-either with shigella or with other enterobacteriaceae-and hypogl ... | 1991 | 2047657 |
| antimicrobial therapy for shigellosis. | in controlled clinical trials, which were first performed with use of the sulfonamides, antimicrobial agents have been shown to shorten the duration of symptoms and lessen the excretion of pathogens during episodes of shigellosis. not all antimicrobial agents that are active in vitro against shigella are effective in vivo, and efficacy of an agent can only be assessed by properly conducted clinical trials. resistance to both ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, the drugs of choice for t ... | 1991 | 2047659 |
| response to antimicrobial therapy for shigellosis in thailand. | shigella species have been one of the most common causes of acute diarrhea in bangkok, thailand. the incidence of shigellosis increased steadily from 1984 to 1988. the majority of shigella species isolated from specimens from patients with acute diarrhea in bangkok in 1988 were resistant to both ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz). shigella flexneri was the most commonly isolated organism and had the highest rate of resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol, tmp-smz, and tetra ... | 1991 | 2047660 |
| effect of antibiotics on food intake and absorption of nutrients for children with diarrhea due to shigella. | the effect of antibiotic therapy on intake of food and absorption of nutrients for 19 male children aged 1-5 years with suspected shigella infection was studied. the children were admitted to the hospital with acute diarrhea, high fever, abdominal pain, and greater than or equal to 25 red blood cells and white blood cells per high-power field in the stool. microbiologic diagnosis was made within 48 hours of admission. on the basis of clinical and microbiologic criteria, children were classified ... | 1991 | 2047661 |
| an auxotrophic live oral shigella flexneri vaccine: development and testing. | through transduction, a wild-type strain of shigella flexneri serotype y (sfl1) was rendered auxotrophic and dependent on aromatic metabolites that are not available in mammalian tissues. monkeys that were orally vaccinated with 10(11) bacteria of the transductant strain sfl114 remained healthy when challenged with 10(11) bacteria of wild-type strains of s. flexneri serotypes y, 1b, and 2a. the safety and immunogenicity of sfl114 were next studied in volunteers who were given either 10(9) or 10( ... | 1991 | 2047663 |
| o-specific side-chain toxin-protein conjugates as parenteral vaccines for the prevention of shigellosis and related diseases. | only indirect evidence has been cited to document that lipopolysaccharide-mediated virulence at the bacterial level and serum antibodies to the o-specific side chain of the lipopolysaccharide molecule may prevent shigellosis. our proposed use of the b subunit of shiga toxin as a carrier protein is based upon evidence (even more indirect) that serum antitoxin may reduce the severity of dysentery and diarrhea. because animal models of disease may provide information inapplicable to the prediction ... | 1991 | 2047664 |
| prospective study of systemic and mucosal immune responses in dysenteric patients to specific shigella invasion plasmid antigens and lipopolysaccharides. | shigellosis is a major cause of infant morbidity and mortality in developing countries. to find immunological correlates of specific protection against shigellosis, we examined chronological samples of sera, stool extracts, duodenal aspirates, and saliva samples from 39 adults and 22 children with shigellosis from peru for the presence of specific antibody to invasion plasmid antigens (ipa) common to all virulent shigella strains, by using both a whole-organism enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay ... | 1991 | 2050402 |
| a weak adaptive response to alkylation damage in salmonella typhimurium. | an efficient adaptive response to alkylation damage was observed in several enterobacterial species, including klebsiella aerogenes, shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, escherichia alkalescens, escherichia hermanii, and escherichia fergusonii. increased o6-methylguanine-dna and methylphosphotriester-dna methyltransferase activities correlated with the induction of a 39-kda protein recognized by monoclonal antibodies raised against the escherichia coli ada protein. induced methyltransferase activit ... | 1991 | 2050626 |
| [antibiotic therapy of acute dysentery in children with immunologic deficiency conditions]. | one hundred children with acute sonnei and flexneri dysentery were followed up with respect to the infection process and main immunity indices. in 32 children the immunity indices were physiological (group 1) and in 68 children secondary immune deficiency was observed (group 2). the children were treated with aminoglycoside antibiotics and prodigiozan and it was stated that the time of recovery in the children with immune deficiency was longer by 5.2 days as compared to that in the children with ... | 1991 | 2053823 |
| [etiology of bloody diarrhea in children from a rural community]. | the etiology of bloody diarrhea was investigated in a cohort of 75 children followed longitudinally from birth during the first two years of life in a rural village of central mexico. of a total of 636 episodes of diarrhea, 71 (11%) showed presence of blood. a single associated pathogen was isolated in 59 (83%) of 71 children; 35% showed the presence of enteroaggregative e. coli (eaec), 11% of e. coli producing shiga-like toxins (slt) i and/or ii; 13% of shigella, 7% of campylobacterjejuni or en ... | 1991 | 2054088 |
| evaluation of the antimicrobial activity of methylglyoxal bis(guanylhydrazone) analogues, the inhibitors for polyamine biosynthetic pathway. | metabolic and antiproliferative effects of methylglyoxal bis(butylamidinohydrazone) (mgbb) and methylglyoxal bis(cyclopentylamidinohydrazone) (mgbcp), inhibitors for polyamine biosynthetic pathway, on escherichia coli, shigella sonnei, aeromonas sobria, aeromonas hydrophila and vibrio cholerae were investigated. mgbb at the concentration of 100 mumol/l depleted intracellular putrescine and spermidine concentrations of e. coli to 25 and 20% of the controls, respectively, while mgbcp depressed the ... | 1991 | 2055790 |
| detection of escherichia coli and shigella spp. in water by using the polymerase chain reaction and gene probes for uid. | a method was developed for the detection of the fecal coliform bacterium escherichia coli, using the polymerase chain reaction and gene probes, based on amplifying regions of the uid gene that code for beta-glucuronidase, expression of which forms the basis for fecal coliform detection by the commercially available colilert method. amplification and gene probe detection of four different regions of uid specifically detected e. coli and shigella species, including beta-glucuronidase-negative stra ... | 1991 | 2059028 |
| site-specific recombinase genes in three shigella subgroups and nucleotide sequences of a pinb gene and an invertible b segment from shigella boydii. | inversional switching systems in procaryotes are composed of an invertible dna segment and a site-specific recombinase gene adjacent to or contained in the segment. four related but functionally distinct systems have previously been characterized in detail: the salmonella typhimurium h segment-hin gene (h-hin), phage mu g-gin, phage p1 c-cin, and escherichia coli e14 p-pin. in this article we report the isolation and characterization of three new recombinase genes: pinb, pind, and defective pinf ... | 1991 | 2061288 |
| [a report of surveillance on acute diarrhoeal diseases in wuwei prefecture from 1987 to 1988]. | surveillance on acute diarrhoeal diseases in jinta county, wuwei city for two successive years from january 1987 to december 1988 showed that the annual average incidence of diarrhoeal diseases was 0.079-0.124. the total detection rate of the etiologic agent was 58.95%. bacterial infection was predominant. ten species of pathogenic bacteria were detected, of which shigella remained the prevalent bacteria among which flexneri appeared as the predominant species after a decline for several years s ... | 1991 | 2065350 |
| [a provisional serovar of shigella dysenteriae isolated in japan from travellers' diarrhea]. | a bacterial strain was isolated that possessed the biochemical characteristics of shigella dysenteriae but did not belong to any of the established s. dysenteriae serovars, from the feces of a diarrheal case who had travelled to turkey, pakistan, india and thailand for about a month. this strain was invasive to tissue culture cells and gave a positive serény test. preparing antiserum against this strain and examining the antigenic relationship with the established o antigens of shigella and esch ... | 1991 | 2066600 |
| [the possible mechanisms of the adaptation of microbial populations to low positive temperatures]. | biologically low temperature was studied for its effect on the survival of populations and their biochemical and molecular-genetical state. the research was carried out on yersinia pseudotuberculosis and shigella sonnei models. it is established that the process of low-temperature adaptation of the populations may occur either at the level of the whole population with participation of inducible cold isoenzymes or at the level of a part of population, the temperature being a selection factor of t ... | 1991 | 2067418 |
| structure of the detoxification catalyst mercuric ion reductase from bacillus sp. strain rc607. | several hundred million tons of toxic mercurials are dispersed in the biosphere. microbes can detoxify organo-mercurials and mercury salts through sequential action of two enzymes, organomercury lyase and mercuric ion reductase (mera). the latter, a homodimer with homology to the fad-dependent disulphide oxidoreductases, catalyses the reaction nadph + hg(ii)----nadp+ + h+ + hg(0), one of the very rare enzymic reactions with metal substrates. human glutathione reductase serves as a reference mole ... | 1991 | 2067577 |
| shigellosis in kentucky, 1986 through 1989. | a marked increase in the number of cases of shigellosis was reported in kentucky in 1988. to examine reasons for this increase, we reviewed the 389 cases of shigellosis reported from 1986 through 1989. ninety-three percent (285/305) of cases due to known species were due to shigella sonnei. sixty-two percent (243/389) of cases occurred in children less than 10 years of age. the annual incidence for blacks (6.8 cases per 100,000) was nearly four times that for whites (1.8 per 100,000). the increa ... | 1991 | 2068620 |
| the in-vitro activity of cefodizime: a review. | for enterobacteriaceae, mic50s and mic90s of cefodizime (mg/l), respectively, were as follows, for naturally non-beta-lactamase-producing species: escherichia coli 0.12 and 0.5, salmonella spp. and shigella spp. 0.25 and 0.5, proteus mirabilis 0.016 and 0.03; for chromosomal penicillinase-producing species. klebsiella spp. 0.25 and 64, and for chromosomal cephalosporinase-producing species. enterobacter cloacae 1 and 64, citrobacter freundii 1 and 128, serratia marcescens 2 and 8: indole-positiv ... | 1990 | 2074248 |
| salmonella krefeld in thailand: i. epidemiology, infection and drug resistance. | information from the national salmonella shigella center (nssc), thailand indicated that the most frequently isolated salmonella serotype from humans during 1974-1975 was salmonella typhi (33.1%), during 1976-1982 was s. krefeld (26.6%) and during 1983-1987 was s. derby (12.6%). antimicrobial susceptibility study of various salmonella serotypes indicated that s. krefeld was the serotype with multiple drug resistance persisting for the longest period of time. human salmonellosis due to s. krefeld ... | 1990 | 2075477 |
| [the drug resistance and dna plasmid profiles of shigella dysenteriae 1 in the ussr and abroad]. | the medicinal resistance and plasmid profiles of 62 s. dysenteriae strains 1, isolated in the ussr in 1986-1988 from soviet and foreign citizens (from afghanistan, vietnam) and 8 strains obtained from india in 1987 were studied. pronounced similarity between the phenotypes of medicinal, including conjugative, resistance in the strains of soviet and foreign origin was established. in the soviet s. dysenteriae strains 1 the presence of two main types of plasmid dna profiles (140, 6, 4, 2 md and 14 ... | 1990 | 2075761 |
| [the mechanism of the development of the epidemic process in sonne dysentery]. | an epidemic outbreak of sonne dysentery has been studied. the data of epidemiological monitoring before and after the epidemic have been analyzed. the real prognostication value of controlling the biological properties of shigella sonnei and the increase of their intrapopulation heterogeneity at the period of the activation of the epidemic process of sonne dysentery has been established. | 1990 | 2075768 |
| in vitro activity of tosufloxacin against bacterial enteric pathogens. | the in vitro activity of tosufloxacin (a-61827), a new quinolone antibiotic, was compared with that of four other quinolones against 162 bacterial enteric pathogens. susceptibility testing was performed by using an agar dilution method. the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) was defined as the lowest concentration of antibiotic without visible growth. tosufloxacin was the most active agent against campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, and ciprofloxacin was the most active agent against salmonell ... | 1990 | 2076595 |
| [shigellosis]. | | 1990 | 2076763 |
| acute renal failure in north indian children. | the spectrum and outcome of acute renal failure (arf) were studied in 205 children aged between 1 month and 12 yr. there were 145 boys and 60 girls; 23 per cent were below 1 yr and 49 per cent between 1 and 4 yr. the main causes of arf were haemolytic uraemic syndrome (hus) in 36 per cent, serious infections in 19 per cent, acute gastroenteritis and dysentery in 17 per cent, glomerulonephritis (gn) in 13 per cent and intravascular haemolysis (ivh) in 6 per cent. most patients with hus, serious i ... | 1990 | 2079354 |
| shiga-like toxin and haemolytic-uraemia syndrome. | | 1990 | 2080009 |
| [the indices of pancreatic incretory function in acute intestinal infections]. | results are reported of a study of the incretory function in 156 patients with acute intestinal infections. the incretory pancreatic function was found to be deranged in most patients in the acute period and tended to slow restoration during convalescence. this indicates the necessity of perfecting pathogenetic treatment of these patients and clinico-laboratory follow-up of patients with a history of acute intestinal infection with consideration of the incretory pancreatic function. | 1990 | 2080556 |
| [triggering bacterial infections in reactive arthritis]. | 108 patients, 75 men and 33 women, mean age 35 years, with reactive arthritis were studied by microbiological and serological methods for identification of a probable triggering infection. in 32 of the patients a chlamydia infection, in 30 patients--yersinia infection, in 7 patients--staphylococcus infection and in 4 patients--shigella infection were found. in 27 patients no infectious agent was found but in 4 of them a positive cbr for chlamydia in the sex partner was found. the course of the a ... | 1990 | 2080617 |
| [reactions of different enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae species in brila-mug (fluorocult) bouillion]. | in order to test the usefulness of brila-mug (= fluorocult) medium (merck) for isolation and identification of total coliforms and faecal coliforms in surface water according to the ec guidelines for bathing waters a total of 969 strains of different enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae species was examined under different culture conditions. these included 486 e. coli (reference strains of o-groups 1-170, enterotoxin and verotoxin-producing strains), 149 salmonella (subspecies i-vi), 92 yersinia ... | 1990 | 2080970 |
| prevalence of salmonella, shigella and intestinal parasites in food handlers in irbid, jordan. | during a one-year period, 283 food handlers in irbid, jordan were investigated for the presence of potential enteropathogens in their stools. the prevalence rate of enteropathogens among non-jordanian food handlers (48.0%) was significantly higher (p less than 0.05) than that of the jordanian group (12.3%). the isolation rates of salmonella and shigella were 6% and 1.4% respectively. multi-drug resistance was frequent among isolates of salmonella group b and shigella spp. intestinal parasites de ... | 1990 | 2081882 |
| [clinico-morphological comparisons in different types of dysentery]. | clinical evidence and morphological picture of rectal biopsy specimens were analysed for 125 dysentery patients. as compared to a light course, moderately severe and severe dysentery presented enhanced microbial adherence and an elevated level of large lymphocytes in the external epithelium of the rectum, deeper penetration of shigella into crypts. on day 9-15 of the disease in attenuation of the clinical symptoms in severe and moderately dysentery morphological shifts persisted whereas the ligh ... | 1990 | 2084341 |
| [value of microbiologic studies for diagnosis of post-enteritis reactive arthritis]. | reactive arthritis may develop within a period of some days until upto 3 weeks after infections with yersinia enterocolitica, yersinia pseudotuberculosis, campylobacter jejuni/coli, shigella and salmonella. intestinal infections with klebsiella pneumoniae, clostridium perfringens, clostridium difficile, cryptosporidium, strongyloides stercoralis, taenia saginata and schistosoma mansoni are, in some cases, considered to be responsible for reactive arthritis. detection of pathogenic bacteria in fe ... | 1990 | 2085058 |
| [effect of fluoroquinolones made in china in the treatment of acute bacillary dysentery. a report of 212 cases]. | 212 cases of acute bacillary dysentery were treated with enoxacin and norfloxacin, another 15 cases were treated by chujunsheng. the cure rate in enoxacin group was 99.1%, in norfloxacin group 98.04% and in chujunsheng group 63.64%. the isolated pathogens were tested for susceptibility with disk diffusion and mic determination. the results showed that both enoxacin and norfloxacin are better than gentamycin, ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. side effects of enoxacin ... | 1990 | 2086018 |
| [quantitative evaluation of growth-promoting properties of selected culture media used for isolation of salmonella and shigella strains]. | growth promoting properties and selectivity of 11 commercially produced media recommended for salmonella and shigella isolation were evaluated. the following media were tested: emb (eosin methylene blue agar), endo, płoskiriew, macconkey, dc (deoxycholate citrate agar), ss (salmonella-shigella agar), bs (bismuth sulfite agar) and mueller-hinton as a medium with no selective properties. the media were produced in czechoslovakia, east germany, west germany, poland, and soviet union. quantitative s ... | 1990 | 2087133 |
| [reactive arthritis]. | the term reactive arthritis was introduced to describe an acute non-purulent arthritis complicating an infection elsewhere in the body. reactive arthritis can also be classified into hla-b27 associated and non-associated forms. rheumatic fever is an example of the hla-b27 non-associated forms with genetic factors other than hla-b27 involved. hla-b27 associated reactive arthritis includes enteric, urogenic and idiopathic arthritides. the bacteria known to trigger post-enteritic reactive arthritis ... | 1990 | 2087418 |
| specific binding of virg to the vir box requires a c-terminal domain and exhibits a minimum concentration threshold. | the positive regulatory protein virg from the virulence region of the ti plasmid of agrobacterium tumefaciens was first demonstrated to possess dna-binding capabilities using chromatographically purified protein and in vitro assays (powell et al., 1989). this paper is an extension of that research and presents evidence on the in vivo dna-binding properties of virg using a transcription interference assay. virg protein bound specifically to a 'vir box' response element and repressed transcription ... | 1990 | 2089226 |
| palindromic unit highly repetitive dna sequences exhibit species specificity within enterobacteriaceae. | palindromic units (pu, or rep for repetitive extragenic palindrome) constitute a family of dna sequences of 40 nucleotides which is highly repeated in the genome of escherichia coli. we analysed the presence of pu sequences in 99 different bacterial genomes by cross-hybridization. when pu sequences were used as a probe, only dna from enterobacteriaceae closely related to e. coli exhibited an appreciable hybridization signal: shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella enteritica serotype typhim ... | 1990 | 2092362 |
| molecular analysis of strains of shigella boydii isolated in northern and southern italy. | in the years 1981-1988, shigella boydii played a very limited role in the aetiology of diarrhoeal disease in italy. however, between september and november, 1985, 19 isolates of serotype 2 were recovered in northern italy from a dysentery outbreak which occurred in a geriatrics hospital in abbiategrasso (milan, lombardy) and seven were identified in southern italy during the period january-july, 1986 from apparently unrelated infection cases occurring in brindisi (apulia). these isolates were co ... | 1990 | 2092367 |
| [a 3-year follow-up study of the incidence of campylobacteriosis in a pediatric population]. | the authors investigated the incidence of campylobacteriosis in the population of five paediatric health communities of the jihlava policlinic (5831 children) for a period of three years. a total of 2408 specimens faeces from 1501 subjects were examined. campylobacter jejuni was detected in 151 subjects (10.1%), salmonella sp. in 47 (3.1%), shigella sp. in 18 (1.2%), yersinia enterocolitica in 12 (0.8%) and enteropathogenic escherichia coli in five subjects (0.3%). the total incidence of campylo ... | 1990 | 2092913 |
| [the clinico-pathogenetic significance of disorders of the immune status in dysentery]. | as many as 256 patients with flexner's dysentery caused by the same source of infection were examined. it has been established that in patients with a severe and protracted course of the disease, secondary immunodeficiency is formed by the relative hypersuppressor type and the function of phagocytizing macrophages decreases. patients with the reduced immune characteristics manifest deceleration of convalescence and repeated isolation of shigella after the antibiotic therapy. it is concluded that ... | 1990 | 2094988 |
| ultrastructural features of microbial colony organization. | the ultrastructure of microbial colonies was studied. inside the colonies three types of intercellular contacts were demonstrated. in the colonies of gram-negative bacteria, the cells were found to be connected by tight adhesions of outer membranes of the cell walls and membrane bridges. in the colonies of gram-positive bacteria, the intercellular contacts were formed by fusion of peptidoglucan layers of the cell walls. bacterial cells were differentiated by the presence of a capsule-like envelo ... | 1990 | 2097346 |