| comparison of hektoen and salmonella-shigella agar on 6033 stools of human origin submitted for routine isolation of salmonella sp. and shigella sp. | from 1989 through 1991, 6033 stool specimens from patients at orleans hospital (france), were cultured for enteric pathogens. hektoen agar (he) was compared with salmonella-shigella agar (ss) after direct streaking and after overnight enrichment in mueller-kauffmann broth. yersinia strains were not computed. seven strains of salmonella serotype typhi were isolated, on both media, and excluded from computations for discussed reasons. out of a total of 9 shigella strains, he isolated 9 and ss isol ... | 1992 | 1570178 |
| diarrheal disease in cambodian children at a camp in thailand. | the etiology of acute diarrhea (less than or equal to 3 days duration) and persistent diarrhea (greater than or equal to 14 days duration) was determined in cambodian children under age 5 years in a refugee camp on the thai-cambodian border between may and october 1989; potential risk factors associated with persistent diarrhea were examined in an age-matched case-control study. specimens collected from children and environmental sources were examined by standard microbiologic methods; escherich ... | 1992 | 1570820 |
| campylobacter enteritis in portugal: epidemiological features and biological markers. | from 1984 to 1989, stool samples from 2811 gastroenteritis cases were examined for the presence of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, salmonella, shigella and yersinia species. isolation rates were: campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, 5.3%, salmonella spp., 14.8%, shigella spp., 4.6% and yersinia enterocolitica, 1.1%. age group distribution analysis shows a higher campylobacter isolation rate in children under one year of age. seasonal distribution revealed a peak incidence in winter as in other me ... | 1992 | 1572427 |
| bioactive polymers: in vitro and in vivo study of controlled release neomycin. | neomycin is coupled on xanthan-a polysaccharide of microbial biosynthesis produced by xanthomonas campestris-through ionic complexation. the kinetics of neomycin release, in vitro, at ph = 8.2 is studied. a controlled release of neomycin, following a zero order kinetics is observed, regardless of the eluent flow. neomycin complexed on xanthan, administered in a unique daily dose to patients suffering from dysentery in the 100 cases taken in study, has shown a high clinical efficiency as compared ... | 1992 | 1573555 |
| occurrence of a large plasmid in a strain of plesiomonas shigelloides with cross-reactivity against shigella sonnei. | the plasmid profile of p. shigelloides svc 01, strain with cross-reactivity with sh. sonnei, (obtained from dr alf lindberg, stockholm university, sweden), was assayed and compared with other local isolates of plesiomonas spp. and also with sh. sonnei. diversity in occurrence of plasmids among different strains of p. shigelloides were observed. further, the svc 01 strain and sh. sonnei differ in their plasmid profile. | 1992 | 1577514 |
| bacterial lipopolysaccharide in synovial fluid cells in shigella triggered reactive arthritis. | | 1992 | 1578474 |
| trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole remains active against enterotoxigenic escherichia coli and shigella species in guadalajara, mexico. | bacterial isolates obtained from fecal cultures of u.s. adults in guadalajara, mexico, with diarrhea developing during the summers of 1987, 1988, and 1989 were tested for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility. no resistance was seen among 220 enterotoxigenic escherichia coli isolates nor among 89 shigella strains to aztreonam, norfloxacin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, or furazolidone. high level (greater than 1000 micrograms/ml) resistance to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole (tmp/smx) was found in 7% ... | 1992 | 1580315 |
| ipab of shigella flexneri causes entry into epithelial cells and escape from the phagocytic vacuole. | by creating mutations within the shigella flexneri ipab gene, we have demonstrated that the invasion of epithelial cells is a three-step process encompassing adhesion on the cell surface, entry and lysis of the phagocytic vacuole allowing subsequent access to the cytoplasm. sc403, an insertion mutant which lacks expression of ipab but still expresses downstream genes, has been particularly studied. it is non-invasive, does not elicit actin polymerization, but binds to hela cells indicating that ... | 1992 | 1582426 |
| characterization of aeromonas caviae antigens which cross-react with shigella boydii 5. | live and boiled cells of 16 strains of aeromonas caviae, isolated from patients with diarrhea, agglutinated with shigella boydii 5 antiserum in a slide test. further studies with seven selected strains showed agglutination with boiled cells in a tube test. lipopolysaccharide antigen extracted from one of these strains cross-reacted with s. boydii 5 in enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot studies. either all or the majority of the seven strains possessed properties deemed to be diarrh ... | 1992 | 1583145 |
| safety, immunogenicity, and efficacy in monkeys and humans of invasive escherichia coli k-12 hybrid vaccine candidates expressing shigella flexneri 2a somatic antigen. | a live, oral shigella vaccine, constructed by transfer of the 140-mda invasiveness plasmid from shigella flexneri 5 and the chromosomal genes encoding the group- and type-specific o antigen of s. flexneri 2a to escherichia coli k-12, was tested in humans. designated ecsf2a-1, this vaccine produced adverse reactions (fever, diarrhea, or dysentery) in 4 (31%) of 13 subjects who ingested a single dose of 1.0 x 10(9) cfu, while at better-tolerated doses (5.0 x 10(6) to 5.0 x 10(7) cfu), it provided ... | 1992 | 1587589 |
| novel invasion determinant of enteropathogenic escherichia coli plasmid plv501 encodes the ability to invade intestinal epithelial cells and hep-2 cells. | an escherichia coli k-12 transformant carrying 96.5-kb plasmid plv501 from enteropathogenic e. coli (epec) strain k798 is able to produce the same characteristic attaching-effacing lesions in a rabbit ileal biopsy explant model as its parent strain. cloned ecori-sali dna restriction fragments from this plasmid failed to reproduce the attaching-effacing lesions, but one recombinant plasmid, plv527, containing 4.5 kb of plv501 dna, conferred on e. coli dh1 transformants the ability to invade enter ... | 1992 | 1587591 |
| hla-b27 expression modulates gram-negative bacterial invasion into transfected l cells. | the mechanism by which hla-b27 confers genetic susceptibility to the seronegative spondyloarthropathies ankylosing spondylitis, reiter's syndrome, and reactive arthritis, is not well understood. the current concept of an extraarticular bacterial infection functioning as the triggering event in a genetically susceptible host suggests the possibility of direct microbial-mhc interaction. we have addressed the role of hla-b27 in microbial-host cell interaction by examining invasion by putatively art ... | 1992 | 1588045 |
| ru 29 246, the active compound of the cephalosporin-prodrug-ester hr 916. i. antibacterial activity in vitro. | the aminothiazolyl-cephalosporin ru 29 246 is the active metabolite of the prodrug-pivaloyl-oxyethyl-ester hr 916. ru 29 246 in vitro activity includes a wide range of clinically relevant bacterial pathogens. against methicillin-sensitive staphylococci ru 29 246 (mic90 of 0.25 approximately 2 micrograms/ml) was clearly more active than cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefpodoxime, cefixime and ceftibuten, but slightly less active than cefdinir. ru 29 246 inhibited hemolytic streptococci of the serogroups a ... | 1992 | 1592683 |
| induction of beta-lactamase from shigella flexneri ucsf-129: purification by affinity chromatography and some properties. | lincomycin, an inhibitor of protein synthesis, was an excellent inductor of beta-lactamase, and its total activity and specific activity were increased 2.5- and 3.6-fold respectively. the beta-lactamase produced by shigella flexneri ucsf-129 was purified by affinity chromatography on phenylboronic acid-agarose with a type b column using an hydrophobic spacer arm (6-aminohexanoic acid activated with succinimide). the yield and specific activity were 96% and 29,283 u/mg, respectively. these were 1 ... | 1992 | 1593966 |
| lethal toxic encephalopathy due to childhood shigellosis in a developed country. | shigellosis results in considerable morbidity in endemic areas, but mortality is rare in developed countries. all pediatric deaths (n = 15) in israel following shigellosis in the past 10 years were reviewed. the patients' ages ranged from 5 months to 11 years; there were eight boys and seven girls. three were institutionalized mentally retarded patients, 11 were healthy children. twelve had definite clinical signs of brain death within 48 hours of onset of disease. cause of death in all patients ... | 1992 | 1594376 |
| cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi. | the specificity of serological tests for lyme borreliosis is impaired by cross-reacting antibodies. in order to select antigens for more specific tests, specific and cross-reactive proteins of borrelia burgdorferi must be identified. therefore, to analyze cross reactions of borrelia burgdorferi with other bacteria, rabbit immune sera against heterologous bacteria (borrelia hermsii, treponema pallidum, treponema phagedenis, leptospira interrogans (serogroup grippotyphosa), neisseria meningitidis, ... | 1992 | 1597198 |
| constitutive mutations of agrobacterium tumefaciens transcriptional activator virg. | the virulence (vir) genes of agrobacterium tumefaciens ti plasmids are positively regulated by virg in conjunction with vira and plant-derived inducing molecules. a procedure that utilizes both genetic selection and a genetic screen was developed to isolate mutations in virg that led to elevated levels of vir gene expression in the absence of vira and plant phenolic inducers. mutants were isolated at a frequency of 1 in 10(7) to 10(8). substitution mutations at two positions in the virg coding r ... | 1992 | 1597431 |
| live oral auxotrophic shigella flexneri sfl124 vaccine with a deleted arod gene: characterization and monkey protection studies. | shigella flexneri sfl124, with a deletion encompassing all, or nearly all, of the coding sequence of gene arod was obtained after selection on a fusaric acid medium supplemented with 2,3-dihydroxybenzoic acid for tetracycline-sensitive mutants of s. flexneri sfl114 which is an arod::tn10 transductant. two of 20 tetracycline-sensitive mutants tested in colony hybridization with a 32p-labelled dna probe of approximately 1400 base pairs (comprising all except the 75 n-terminal base pairs of the cod ... | 1992 | 1598787 |
| safety and immunogenicity of the live oral auxotrophic shigella flexneri sfl124 in volunteers. | the live, aromatic dependent shigella flexneri y vaccine strain sfl124, with a deleted arod gene, was tested for safety and immunogenicity in 21 healthy adult volunteers. a single dose of 2 x 10(9) live bacteria was given orally to ten volunteers, whereas 11 received three doses every other day. the vaccine was excreted for 4.2 days and was well tolerated by 90.5% of the vaccinees. only 2 of 21 (9.5%) after the first dose had a self-limiting diarrhoea lasting 1 day; of volunteers given one dose ... | 1992 | 1598788 |
| antimicrobial resistance of shigella isolates in bangladesh, 1983-1990: increasing frequency of strains multiply resistant to ampicillin, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, and nalidixic acid. | the susceptibility to ampicillin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smz) was determined for 15,824 isolates of shigella obtained from patients attending a treatment center in dhaka, bangladesh, from 1983 through 1990 and for 520 isolates obtained during community surveys from 1988 through 1990. susceptibility to nalidixic acid was determined for isolates obtained after 1985. in 1983 13% of isolates were resistant to ampicillin, 23.5% to tmp-smz, and 0.8% to both drugs. by 1990 51.2% of isola ... | 1992 | 1600006 |
| phosphorylation of icsa by camp-dependent protein kinase and its effect on intracellular spread of shigella flexneri. | shigella flexneri, a gram-negative bacillus belonging to the family enterobacteriaceae, causes bacillary dysentery in humans by invading colonic epithelial cells. processes by which epithelial cells, which are not professional phagocytes, may limit the spread of the invading microorganisms are poorly understood. this paper shows that icsa (virg), a 120 kda bacterial outer membrane protein responsible for intracellular and cell-to-cell spread through polymerization of actin, is a major substrate ... | 1992 | 1602963 |
| bacteriological quality of infant feeding bottle-contents and teats in addis abeba, ethiopia. | bacteriological quality of 244 infant feeding-bottles and 61 teats were studied from january 1989 to november 1989. samples were collected from feeding-bottles of babies who were brought by nursing mothers to clinics and hospitals for varying complaints. of the 244 bottle-content samples, 144 (59%) harboured more than 2 x 10(6) colonies of bacteria per ml. of samples. the predominant bacterial isolates both from bottle-contents and teat-swabs were the coliform group of bacteria, such as e. coli, ... | 1992 | 1606947 |
| age-specific prevalence of serum antibodies to the invasion plasmid and lipopolysaccharide antigens of shigella species in chilean and north american populations. | shigella species have virulence plasmids that encode outer membrane proteins (invasion plasmid antigens, ipa) associated with pathogenicity. western blots were used to detect antibodies to ipa in sera from 390 chilean children, and these responses were compared with those of a us population of infants and adults. antibodies to lipopolysaccharide (lps) of plesiomonas shigelloides and shigella flexneri 2a were measured by elisa. among the chileans, there was an age-related acquisition of ipa antib ... | 1992 | 1607690 |
| shigellosis in child day care centers--lexington-fayette county, kentucky, 1991. | in january 1991, the lexington-fayette county (kentucky) health department (lfchd) received three reports of shigella sonnei infections from the university of kentucky microbiology laboratory. the infections occurred in children aged 2-3 years, each of whom attended a different child day care center in lexington-fayette county (population: 200,000). this report summarizes the findings of an investigation by the lfchd and the kentucky department for health services to assess the impact of day car ... | 1992 | 1608391 |
| use of a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for screening of escherichia coli. | a commercial double-test tablet (rosco pgua/indole) for detection of beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) activity and indole production was evaluated on a collection of 393 isolates of enterobacteria. both beta-gur and indole were positive on 96.6% of escherichia coli strains. beta-gur, only, was also detected in 25 shigella spp., four enterobacter cloacae, eight citrobacter freundii, and five salmonella enteritidis strains, none of which were indole producers. an additional 261 consecutive clinical i ... | 1992 | 1611844 |
| in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new cephalosporin, compared with other cephalosporin antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of cefquinome, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a c-3 bicyclic pyridinium group, was compared with ceftazidime, cefpirome, and cefepime. cefquinome inhibited members of the enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.5 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella shigella, proteus mirabilis, morganella, and providencia. although most citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae were inhibited by less than 2 ... | 1992 | 1611848 |
| fluorescent antibody staining test for rapid diagnosis of shigella dysenteriae 1 infection. | an indirect fluorescent antibody test for rapid detection of shigella dysenteriae 1 in diarrheal stools was developed. a diagnosis could be made within 90 min of submission of specimens to the laboratory. on comparison with culture results, the test had a sensitivity of 92%, a specificity of 93%, and positive and negative predictive values of 94% and 92%, respectively. | 1992 | 1611852 |
| characterization of the shigella serotype d (s. sonnei) o polysaccharide and the enterobacterial r1 lipopolysaccharide core by use of mouse monoclonal antibodies. | in the course of developing a live vaccine, we generated three murine monoclonal antibodies (mab) specific for shigella sonnei. the specificities of these mab were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblot analyses with whole cells or purified lipopolysaccharides (lpss) as antigens. two of them are specific for the shigella serotype d o-polysaccharide determinant, whereas one specifically binds to the core hexose region of r1-type lpss. with these mab, it was possible to ana ... | 1992 | 1612742 |
| adhesion of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and shigella flexneri to guinea-pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro. | adhesion of bacteria to guinea-pig colonic epithelial cells in vitro was inhibited by fucose with all the four strains tested (two of shigella dysenteriae type 1 and two of s. flexneri). n-acetyl neuraminic acid and n-acetyl mannosamine also caused inhibition, suggesting a multiplicity of receptors on the epithelial cell. congo-red binding of the strains correlated with their adhesive ability, whereas haemagglutination of rabbit erythrocytes by the bacteria did not. | 1992 | 1613779 |
| shigella flexneri induces apoptosis in infected macrophages. | the gram-negative bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri causes dysentery by invading the human colonic mucosa. bacteria are phagocytosed by enterocytes, escape from the phagosome into the cytoplasm and spread to adjacent cells. after crossing the epithelium, shigella reaches the lamina propria of intestinal villi, the first line of defence. this tissue is densely populated with phagocytes that are killed in great numbers, resulting in abscesses. the genes required for cell invasion and macrophage ... | 1992 | 1614548 |
| structural and functional features of cis-acting sequences in the basic replicon of plasmid colib-p9. | we have structurally and functionally analyzed the cis-elements essential for colib-p9 plasmid dna replication. the putative oriv region encompassed a region of 172 base pairs (bp) located 152 bp downstream of the repz gene. a typical dnaa box found in this region proved nonessential for the dna replication of colib-p9. the ssi signal of colib-p9 is a homologue of the g-sites of r1 and r100 plasmids. deletion of the g-site led to 1.5-fold reduction of the copy number, suggesting that although th ... | 1992 | 1614857 |
| empiric treatment of acute diarrheal disease with norfloxacin. a randomized, placebo-controlled study. swedish study group. | to evaluate the clinical and microbiologic efficacy and safety of norfloxacin for acute diarrhea. | 1992 | 1616214 |
| virulence phenotypes of shigella flexneri 2a avirulent mutant 24570 can be complemented by the plasmid-coded positive regulator virf gene. | avirulent mutation of an opaque colony variant of shigella flexneri 2a designated 24570 has been believed to be linked with the glpk locus of the chromosome. however, avirulent phenotypes of the 24570 strain could be complemented by the invasion plasmid-coded virf gene, a positive regulator for invasion genes. the 24570 strain had a dna structural alteration upstream of the virf gene. | 1992 | 1624118 |
| molecular and functional characterization of the salmonella invasion gene inva: homology of inva to members of a new protein family. | one of the earliest steps in the pathogenic cycle of the facultative intracellular pathogen salmonella spp. is the invasion of the cells of the intestinal epithelium. we have previously identified a genetic locus, inv, that allows salmonella spp. to enter cultured epithelial cells. inva is a member of this locus, and it is the first gene of an operon consisting of at least two additional invasion genes. we have constructed strains carrying nonpolar mutations in inva and examined the individual c ... | 1992 | 1624429 |
| molecular epidemiology of trimethoprim-resistant shigella boydii serotype 2 strains from bulgaria. | in 1990 an increased number of strains of shigella boydii serotype 2 were isolated from different regions of bulgaria. strains were reported as sporadic, although they showed identical phenotypic characteristics, including resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin, streptomycin, sulfonamide, tetracycline, ticarcillin, and trimethoprim. the objective of this study was to determine the genetic relatedness of the strains and the mechanism of their antimicrobial resistance. plasmid fingerprinting show ... | 1992 | 1624559 |
| [rapid differentiation method for shigella and escherichia coli--application of indole (tryptophanase), pgua (beta-glucuronidase) and onpg (beta-galactosidase) tests]. | for the differentiation of shigella from escherichia coli, indole (tryptophanase), pgua (beta-glucuronidase) and onpg (beta-galactosidase) tests were used. a total of 377 shigella and 124 e. coli strains was examined for each sero- and biosero-type by using these tests. the results were as follows. 1) there were no shigella strains showing positive reactions for both indole and onpg tests. 2) no e. coli strains with shigella-like characteristics (negative for lysine-decarboxylase, motility and l ... | 1992 | 1624838 |
| [shigella flexneri strains having a new type antigen]. | five shigella strains isolated from stool cultures of two domestic dysentery cases and three imported cases in tokyo in 1986-1989 had an atypial serotype that agglutinated with only antiserum to s. flexneri group 6 factor antigen. these strains showed typical biochemical reactions of s. flexneri and were biochemically identical. four of the strains were positive for serény test with guinea pig eye and the cell-invasion test with hela cells. the strains also had the virulence-plasmid encoding out ... | 1992 | 1624844 |
| aida-i, the adhesin involved in diffuse adherence of the diarrhoeagenic escherichia coli strain 2787 (o126:h27), is synthesized via a precursor molecule. | the adherence mechanisms of enteropathogenic escherichia coli (epec) to epithelial cells are still not understood. to study the molecular basis of the diffuse adherence (da) phenotype exhibited by diarrhoeagenic e. coli expressing classical epec serotypes we investigated strain 2787 (o126:h27) isolated from a case of infantile diarrhoea. a 6.0 kb plasmid-derived dna fragment mediates the da phenotype and encodes the 100 kda adhesin protein aida-i (adhesin involved in diffuse adherence). sequenci ... | 1992 | 1625582 |
| the virf protein from shigella flexneri is a member of the arac transcription factor superfamily and is highly homologous to rns, a positive regulator of virulence genes in enterotoxigenic escherichia coli. | | 1992 | 1625585 |
| antibodies to shiga holotoxin and to two synthetic peptides of the b subunit in sera of patients with shigella dysenteriae 1 dysentery. | acute- and convalescent-phase sera from 18 thai patients and convalescent-phase sera from two israeli patients and one bangladeshi patient with shigella dysenteriae 1 (shiga) dysentery were tested by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to detect antibodies that bind s. dysenteriae lipopolysaccharide (lps), shiga holotoxin, or two synthetic peptides representing epitopes from the b subunit of shiga toxin. paired sera from 24 maryland adults with shigella flexneri 2a or shigella sonnei diarrhea serv ... | 1992 | 1629317 |
| shigella-type pathomechanism in the "mouse model". | a strain of escherichia coli k-12 carrying the 140-megadalton virulence plasmid of the enteroinvasive e. coli--j53(pspl)--showed high virulence in the "mouse model", in chick embryos, but not in the serény test. it expresses the outer membrane proteins thermoregulatedly, encoded also by the virulence plasmid. in orally infected streptomycin-pretreated mice this strain infects only the large bowel, shows adherence to the epithelial surface, but in its first step preferentially to the mucus excret ... | 1992 | 1632198 |
| epidemiological survey of an outbreak of gastroenteritis in a rural community in oyo state. | this report documents the investigation and control of an outbreak of gastro-enteritis in lagun, oyo state, nigeria. prior to the outbreak which occurred in 1981, there had been epidemics of gastro-enteritis, suspected to be cholera, in various parts of nigeria. the investigations carried out included personal interviews of patients and their contacts, laboratory investigations of faecal specimens and analysis of water samples obtained from the village wells and stream. available evidence indica ... | 1992 | 1637741 |
| the protective effect of alcohol on the occurrence of epidemic oyster-borne hepatitis a. | limited data indicate that drinking alcoholic beverages along with eating food contaminated with shigella or salmonella decreases the risk and/or the severity of illness. no such study has been reported following exposure to a viral pathogen. during an oyster-borne outbreak of hepatitis a, we studied the effect of ingestion of alcoholic beverages concomitant with consumption of contaminated oysters. the analysis was restricted to 51 cases and 33 controls who had consumed the implicated raw oyste ... | 1992 | 1637901 |
| [studies of bacterial indicators for water pollution--growth of escherichia coli and enterococci in limited nutrient conditions]. | bacteria, that would be an ideal indicator for fecal contamination in environmental water, should not proliferate but at the same time should survive a little longer than enteropathogenic bacteria in the environmental water. while conventional methods have recommended escherichia coli as an indicator, enterococci is recommended as a preferable indicator for the estimation of fecal contamination based on the following observation. the relationship between the specific growth rate of organism and ... | 1992 | 1638040 |
| mxia of shigella flexneri 2a, which facilitates export of invasion plasmid antigens, encodes a homolog of the low-calcium-response protein, lcrd, of yersinia pestis. | the plasmid-encoded invasion plasmid antigen (ipa) export accessory locus of shigella flexneri 2a, mxia, was cloned, and the complete dna sequence of the gene was determined. the mixa open reading frame was found to encode a polypeptide of 74.03 kda with a pi of 5.02. a hydropathy analysis of the predicted protein revealed a hydrophilic c terminus and an extremely hydrophobic n terminus without a cleavable signal sequence but with several potential membrane-spanning regions. while a homology sea ... | 1992 | 1639496 |
| construction of stable lamb-shiga toxin b subunit hybrids: analysis of expression in salmonella typhimurium aroa strains and stimulation of b subunit-specific mucosal and serum antibody responses. | the complete shiga toxin b subunit and two n-terminal segments of the b subunit have been inserted into a cell surface exposed loop of the lamb protein, and expression of the hybrid proteins from three different promoter systems, i.e., (i) an in vitro-inducible tac promoter that provides high-level expression, (ii) the iron-regulated aerobactin promoter presumably induced in vivo under the iron-limiting conditions of the intestinal mucosal environment, and (iii) a synthetic, modified beta-lactam ... | 1992 | 1639503 |
| from the centers for disease control. shigellosis in child day care centers--lexington-fayette county, kentucky, 1991. | | 1992 | 1640601 |
| the differential leukocyte count in adults with acute gastroenteritis. | the total and differential leukocyte count of 4 groups of patients, admitted to the hospital because of acute gastroenteritis was evaluated. the 4 groups included: (a) 131 adult patients with positive stool culture for shigella; (b) 23 children (age less than 15 years) with positive stool culture for shigella; (c) 52 adult patients with positive stool culture for salmonella; (d) 43 adult patients with negative stool culture for bacterial pathogens. the total leukocyte count did not contribute to ... | 1992 | 1641598 |
| [surveillance study on bacteriological etiology of 8371 children with diarrhea]. | the results of stool cultures from 8371 children of 0-13 years old with diarrhea during the years of january 1981 to december 1989 in shanghai area are reported. 2906 strains of enteropathogenic bacteria were isolated, with total detection rate of 34.72%. shigella were still the most common pathogens in 1981-1984, and campylobacter jejuni took second place, whereas from 1985 on campylobacter exceeded shigella as the first pathogenic bacteria of children's diarrhea. except in 1987 and 1988 shigel ... | 1991 | 1647837 |
| evaluation of the role of shiga and shiga-like toxins in mediating direct damage to human vascular endothelial cells. | infection with shiga toxin- and shiga-like toxin-producing strains of shigella dysenteriae and escherichia coli, respectively, can progress to the hemolytic-uremic syndrome. it has been hypothesized that circulating shiga toxin, shiga-like toxins, and endotoxins may contribute to the disease by directly damaging glomerular endothelial cells. the effects of these toxins on hela, vero, and human vascular endothelial cells (ec) were examined. confluent ec were sensitive to shiga toxin but were at l ... | 1991 | 1649877 |
| molecular cloning and characterization of form i antigen genes of shigella sonnei. | sau3ai-generated dna fragments of the shigella sonnei large plasmid encoding the form i antigen were cloned into escherichia coli with cosmid vector phsg262. one resulting plasmid, designated pjk1137, was studied further. restriction endonuclease mapping and analysis of transposon tn3 insertion mutants demonstrated that the form i antigen genes were located within a region of about 12.6 kb consisting of the two contiguous hindiii fragments of 1.26 kb and 12.4 kb. the results of complementation s ... | 1991 | 1649891 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis aboard a cruise ship caused by a multiple-antibiotic-resistant strain of shigella flexneri. | from october 23 to october 27, 1989, an outbreak of gastroenteritis occurred aboard a cruise ship in the caribbean. the 818 passengers and 518 crew members were surveyed for gastrointestinal symptoms; 72 (14%) of 512 passengers and 12 (3%) of 388 crew members who answered the survey reported having a diarrheal illness. multiple-antibiotic-resistant shigella flexneri 4a was isolated from 19 ill passengers and two ill crew members. thirteen people were hospitalized, and prolonged duration of illne ... | 1991 | 1652203 |
| [isolation of enteropathogenic microorganism from patients with infection of the digestive tract during 1976 to 1988 in tenri hospital]. | enteropathogenic microorganisms isolated from feces of 9,393 patients with diarrhea or enteritis in our hospital between 1976 and 1988 were analyzed. as the result of the examination of 5,443 outpatients, 1,811 strains of pathogens were isolated from 1,686 cases (31.0%). several species including salmonella spp., escherichia coli serotype, vibrio parahaemolyticus, were isolated before 1978, and the incidence of pathogens was low (14.8%). for the 10-year period since 1979, the incidence markedly ... | 1991 | 1655921 |
| diarrheal disease during operation desert shield. | under combat conditions infectious disease can become a major threat to military forces. during operation desert shield, there were numerous outbreaks of diarrhea among the u.s. forces. to evaluate the causes of and risk factors for diarrheal disease, we collected clinical and epidemiologic data from u.s. troops stationed in northeastern saudi arabia. | 1991 | 1656260 |
| identification of a novel composite transposable element, tn5280, carrying chlorobenzene dioxygenase genes of pseudomonas sp. strain p51. | analysis of one of the regions of catabolic plasmid pp51 which encode chlorobenzene metabolism of pseudomonas sp. strain p51 revealed that the tcba and tcbb genes for chlorobenzene dioxygenase and dehydrogenase are located on a transposable element, tn5280. tn5280 showed the features of a composite bacterial transposon with iso-insertion elements (is1066 and is1067) at each end of the transposon oriented in an inverted position. when a 12-kb hindiii fragment of pp51 containing tn5280 was cloned ... | 1991 | 1657878 |
| presence of 5-methylcytosine in cc(a/t)gg sequences (dcm methylation) in dnas from different bacteria. | the presence of cc(a/t)gg sequences with methylated internal cytosine (dcm methylation) was determined in dna from different genera of eubacteria. this methylation was studied by using restriction enzymes ecorii and bstni, which cleave unmethylated or methylated cc(a/t)gg sequences. dcm methylation was only detected in genera of the family enterobacteriaceae closely related to escherichia: shigella, citrobacter, salmonella, and klebsiella. | 1991 | 1657894 |
| molecular typing of shigella strains using pulsed field gel electrophoresis and genome hybridization with insertion sequences. | the genomes of 18 independent shigella isolates (9 shigella sonnei, 5 shigella dysenteriae and 4 shigella flexneri) as well as of 4 epidemic s. flexneri strains were analysed by pulsed field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and by the distribution of insertion sequences (is1, is2 and is911). despite the close relatedness observed among the 9 independent s. sonnei, all of them could be differentiated from each other. the 4 independent s. flexneri isolates showed clearly distinguishable dna profiles. ne ... | 1991 | 1658885 |
| etiology of acute diarrhoea among children in developing countries: a multicentre study in five countries. | a 2-year etiological survey of acute diarrhoea in children aged 0-35 months who were attending treatment facilities was carried out using a standardized protocol in five hospitals in china, india, mexico, myanmar, and pakistan. a total of 3640 cases of diarrhoea and 3279 age- and sex-matched controls were studied; about 60% of the patients were aged less than 1 year and 60% were male. an enteric pathogen was detected in 68% of the cases and in 30% of the controls. in all the study centres, the p ... | 1991 | 1659953 |
| multiple copies of is10 in the enterobacter cloacae md36 chromosome. | repetitive sequences were isolated and characterized as double-stranded dna fragments by treatment with s1 nuclease after denaturation and renaturation of the total dna of enterobacter cloacae md36. one repetitive sequence was identical to the nucleotide sequence of is10-right (is10r), which is the active element in the plasmid-associated transposon tn10. unexpectedly, 15 copies of is10r were found in the chromosomal dna of e. cloacae md36. one copy of the central region of tn10 was found in the ... | 1991 | 1660455 |
| presumptive identification of salmonella enterica using two rapid tests. | two rapid test for early detection of salmonella enterica, the cytochrome oxidase test and a fluorescence test, were evaluated in 1,200 colonies which had been isolated from human feces and cultured on macconkey and salmonella-shigella media. using the fluorescence test there were no false negative results (sensitivity 100%) and of 205 positive cases 62 did not correspond biochemically to salmonella (specificity 94.1%); 44 of these 62 were positive in the cytochrome oxidase test, raising the spe ... | 1991 | 1660809 |
| programmed translational frameshifting and initiation at an auu codon in gene expression of bacterial insertion sequence is911. | the proteins expressed by insertion sequence is911, a member of the widespread is3 family of elements, have been analyzed. the results indicate that three major species are produced from two consecutive reading frames. a protein of mr 11,500, orfa, is synthesized from an upstream reading frame. a larger protein, orfab, uses the same initiation codon and is produced by a -1 programmed translational frameshift between orfa and a downstream frame, orfb, whose amino acid sequence shows significant h ... | 1991 | 1660923 |
| gene transfer in enteric bacteria through the formation of r-prime plasmids by an rp4: :mini-mu element. | gene transfer in seven pathogenic enteric bacteria was studied using an rp4: :mini-mu element, the plasmid pulb113. from the e. coli k-12 host strain the plasmid could be efficiently transferred to these enteric bacteria, but its transfer back to e. coli k-12 was not as efficient, being detected only in shigella dysenteriae 1, s. flexneri and the 'smooth' variant of s. sonnei. in these three species, transposition of chromosomal fragments into the plasmid to produce r-prime plasmid was also dete ... | 1991 | 1661362 |
| [effect of sparfloxacin on fecal microflora and its fecal concentration in patients with bacillary dysentery]. | the effect of sparfloxacin (spfx) on fecal microflora and its fecal concentrations were examined in four patients and one carrier with bacillary dysentery. spex was administered to five cases with a daily dose of 200 mg, once a day, for five days after breakfast. the results were as follows: escherichia coli, a main bacterium in enterobacteriaceae, was not detected during the drug administration, except one from whose feces mucoid type of e. coli was found all the time, and the colony forming un ... | 1991 | 1662252 |
| construction of a physical map of the chromosome of shigella flexneri 2a and the direct assignment of nine virulence-associated loci identified by tn5 insertions. | to establish the molecular basis of the chromosomal virulence genes of shigella flexneri 2a (ysh6000), a notl restriction map of the chromosome was constructed by exploiting notl-linking clones, partial notl digestion and dna probes from various genes of escherichia coli k-12. the map revealed at least three local differences in the placements of genes between ysh6000 and e. coli k-12. using the additional notl sites introduced by tn5 insertion, nine virulence loci identified previously by rando ... | 1991 | 1662762 |
| the specificity of bacterial siderophore receptors probed by bioassays. | the ability to utilize siderophores of bacterial and fungal origin has been studied in wild-type and mutant strains of the enterobacterial genera salmonella, escherichia, shigella, moellerella, klebsiella, enterobacter, hafnia, pantoea, ewingella, tatumella, yersinia, and in the non-enterics aeromonas, pseudomonas and aureobacterium. although only a few representative strains were tested, the results show characteristic genus-specific differences in the utilization of hydroxamate and catecholate ... | 1991 | 1663779 |
| in vitro activity and stability against novel beta-lactamases of investigational beta-lactams (cefepime, cefpirome, flomoxef, sce2787 and piperacillin plus tazobactam) in comparison with established compounds (cefotaxime, latamoxef and piperacillin). | the therapeutic perspectives of flomoxef, sce 2787, cefpirome, cefepime, latamoxef, cefotaxime and of piperacillin plus tazobactam were comparatively evaluated by their in vitro activity against 1119 clinical isolates of 83 bacterial species. escherichia coli, klebsiella spp. enterobacter sakazakii, proteus spp. and shigella spp. were about equally susceptible to the cephalosporins (mic90: 0.06 to 0.5 mg/l), while the mic90 for piperacillin plus tazobactam was between 2 and 16 mg/l. enterobacter ... | 1991 | 1664418 |
| research priorities for diarrhoeal disease vaccines: memorandum from a who meeting. | diarrhoeas caused by rotaviruses, shigella, vibrio cholerae, and enterotoxigenic escherichia coli (etec) represent a major health burden in developing countries, and have stimulated much effort towards vaccine development in order to protect against these four disease agents. this memorandum describes the state of the art and points the way to future research and test trials in this area. | 1991 | 1664785 |
| studies of bacterial, rotaviral and cryptosporidium etiology of acute diarrheal diseases in hospitalized children. | 657 hospitalized children with acute diarrheal disease were studied for bacterial and rotaviral etiology. cryptosporidium presence was followed in 123 children. intestinal pathogens were detected in 195 (29.6%) cases: 132 (20.3%) enterobacteria, 47 (7.1%) rotaviruses, 4 (3.2%) cryptosporidium sp. and 12 (1.8%) combined infections. among enterobacteria, e. coli was the most frequent (10% cases) with enteropathogenic (epec), enterotoxigenic (etec), enterohemorrhagic (ehec) and enteroinvasive (eiec ... | 1991 | 1666314 |
| [in vitro model for the analysis of the interaction between shigella flexneri and the intestinal epithelium]. | an in vitro study of the adhesion and invasion of shigella flexneri was implemented, by means of incubation of laminary cuts of cecal mucosa of dunkin-hartley guinea pigs in a suspension of shigella flexneri, which was isolated from a patient with bacillary dysentery. the laminae were placed in plastic chambers for two hours at 37%c. after this the bacterial suspension was discarded so as to eliminate the bacilli which were not adhered. the epithelium was washed with saline and was processed for ... | 1990 | 1669218 |
| dysentery surveillance. | | 1991 | 1669861 |
| molecular epidemiologic techniques in analysis of epidemic and endemic shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. | during 1988 the number of shigella dysenteriae type 1 infections reported in the united states increased fivefold. to determine if recent isolates from mexico were related to those that caused epidemics of dysentery worldwide, southern hybridization analysis was done with shiga toxin and ribosomal rna gene probes. western hemisphere and eastern hemisphere strains differed by the size of a single ecori fragment carrying the shiga toxin genes. three ribosomal dna (rdna) patterns were observed, whi ... | 1991 | 1671055 |
| increasing incidence of resistance among shigellae to trimethoprim. | | 1991 | 1671982 |
| reduction of transmission of shigellosis by control of houseflies (musca domestica) | the effect of control of houseflies on the incidence of diarrhoea and shigellosis was evaluated in a prospective crossover intervention study at two military field bases several kilometers apart. in early summer, 1988, intensive fly control measures (mainly bait and trap strategy) were introduced on one base, while the other served as a control. after 11 weeks, as new cohorts arrived, the intervention was abruptly discontinued in the first base and instituted in the second for the next 11 weeks. ... | 1991 | 1673210 |
| comparison of colony and stool blots for detection of enteropathogens by dna probes. | dna probes that identify genes coding for heat-labile type i (lt-i) and heat-stable type 1 (st-i) enterotoxins, enteropathogenic escherichia coli adherence factor (eaf), and shigella-like invasiveness (inv) are used to evaluate the sensitivity and specificity of stool blots in comparison with the sensitivity and specificity of colony blots in detecting enteropathogens. the sensitivities of the probes in stool blots are 91.7% for the lt-i probe, 76.9% for the st-i probes, 78.9% for the eaf probe, ... | 1991 | 1678983 |
| interferon production by shigella flexneri-infected fibroblasts depends upon intracellular bacterial metabolism. | the role of bacterial invasion and subsequent intracellular metabolism or replication, or both, in the induction of interferon (ifn) production in primary cultures of murine embryo fibroblasts (mefs) was examined. ifn production appeared to be dependent upon bacterial invasion. mefs that were challenged with shigella flexneri cultured at 30 degrees c to inhibit the temperature-dependent virulence gene expression that is essential for invasion failed to produce ifn. furthermore, inhibition of s. ... | 1990 | 1688826 |
| detection of lipopolysaccharides by ethidium bromide staining after sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. | a rapid and easy method for staining lipopolysaccharides with ethidium bromide is described. lipopolysaccharides could be visualized by ethidium bromide with almost the same sensitivity as found with the silver-staining method in less than 30 min. the ethidium bromide-staining method was particularly suitable for staining lipopolysaccharides possessing acidic o-specific polysaccharides, which were poorly visualized by silver staining. | 1990 | 1688839 |
| genetic analysis of an invasion region by use of a tn3-lac transposon and identification of a second positive regulator gene, inve, for cell invasion of shigella sonnei: significant homology of inve with parb of plasmid p1. | we have previously cloned two distinct regions of the shigella sonnei form i plasmid pss120, a 37-kilobase-pair dna region and a virf region, which were found to be essential for cell invasion in escherichia coli k-12 (j. kato, k. ito, a. nakamura, and h. watanabe, infect. immun. 57:1391-1398, 1989). the 37-kilobase-pair dna region was randomly inserted by use of transposon tn3-lac. at least eight genes were found to be located within the region, as determined by analysis of tn3-lac-generated la ... | 1990 | 1688841 |
| sequence and molecular characterization of a multicopy invasion plasmid antigen gene, ipah, of shigella flexneri. | a lambda gt11 expression library of tn5-tagged invasion plasmid pwr110 (from shigella flexneri serotype 5, strain m90t-w) contained a set of recombinants encoding a 60-kilodalton protein (designated ipah) recognized by rabbit antisera raised against s. flexneri invasion plasmid antigens (j. m. buysse, c. k. stover, e. v. oaks, m. m. venkatesan, and d. j. kopecko, j. bacteriol. 169:2561-2569, 1987). southern blot analysis of wild-type s. flexneri serotype 5 invasion plasmid dna (pwr100) digested ... | 1990 | 1690703 |
| specific immunoglobulin a-secreting cells in peripheral blood of humans following oral immunization with a bivalent salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine or infection by pathogenic s. sonnei. | the ability of bivalent salmonella typhi-shigella sonnei vaccine strain 5076-1c to stimulate an intestinal immunoglobulin a response in humans was evaluated by detecting gut-derived, trafficking antibody-secreting cells (asc) in peripheral blood. following vaccination, an immunoglobulin a-asc response to o antigens of s. typhi and s. sonnei was observed in 10 of 13 and 13 of 13 vaccine recipients, respectively. experimental challenge with pathogenic s. sonnei stimulated an asc response to the s. ... | 1990 | 1692813 |
| new invasive serotype of escherichia coli. | a new invasive escherichia coli strain which presented delayed or variable reactions in lactose, mucate, and acetate tests is described. it did not agglutinate with antisera for all known e. coli and shigella groups a, b, c, d, and provisional shigella serovar. we propose the designation of e. coli bh until the situation of its 0 antigen is settled. | 1990 | 1694553 |
| bacteria-infected fibroblasts have enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic action of tumor necrosis factor. | the susceptibility of bacteria-infected fibroblasts to the cytotoxic action of tumor necrosis factor was investigated. l cells infected with shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, or listeria monocytogenes, had an enhanced susceptibility to the cytotoxic activity of tnf-alpha. this enhanced susceptibility was dependent upon the challenge dose of bacteria, the concentration of tnf, and upon the exposure time of bacteria-infected cells to tnf. l cells infected with s. flexneri were susceptible ... | 1990 | 1694886 |
| [the significance of the o antigen for the diagnosis of acute sonne dysentery]. | the authors investigated the clinical importance of determination of the o-antigen in coprofiltrates of patients with acute sonne dysentery by means of immunoenzymatic analysis. it was found that use of immunoenzymatic analysis is justified for etiological diagnosis of dysentery as well as with the purpose of forecasting recurrence of the disease. | 1990 | 1697713 |
| monoclonal antibodies against an hla-b27-derived peptide react with an epitope present on bacterial proteins. | the role of molecular mimicry in the spondyloarthropathies was investigated with respect to the epitopes involved. mab were produced against a synthetic peptide whose sequence was derived from a polymorphic region of the hla-b27 molecule (amino acids 63-83). two antibodies (j7f2 and h2b6) were selected for study on the basis of their ability to react with bacterial envelope proteins (elisa) and b27-positive cells (immunofluorescence). j7f2 reacted preferentially with b27-positive cells and neith ... | 1990 | 1698856 |
| [the rapid diagnosis of salmonellosis by a determination of the antigen in the biosubstrates of patients using the coagglutination reaction]. | the diagnostic potential of the coagglutination test was checked with the aim of improving the laboratory diagnosis of salmonella infections by the detection of salmonella specific antigen in different biological materials (feces, urine, saliva and immune complexes in blood sera). the study of all specimens resulted in the confirmation of the diagnosis in 78% of patients, often during the first days of the disease. the proportion of nonspecific reactions, as shown in the control groups of health ... | 1990 | 1699371 |
| role of plasmids in virulence-associated attributes and in o-antigen expression in shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains. | the association of plasmids with virulence characters and o-antigen expression was studied in two virulent and seven avirulent mutant strains of shigella dysenteriae type 1. deletion of a 12-mda segment from a 140-mda plasmid in two smooth avirulent mutants made the derivatives avirulent in the sereny test and non-invasive in hela cells. the mutants were unable to bind congo red, and did not express the virulence marker antigen. mutants completely lacking the 140-mda plasmid also showed similar ... | 1990 | 1700125 |
| [a method for determining specific circulating immune complexes in patients with acute sonne dysentery]. | the antigen-specific method for the determination of specific immune complexes in the blood serum of patients with acute sonne dysentery has been developed on the basis of the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with the use of reagents manufactured in the ussr. the possibility of the early prognostication of prolonged carrier state by using the proposed method for the determination of the level of specific circulating immune complexes has been shown. | 1990 | 1700565 |
| characterization of shigella dysenteriae serotypes 11, 12, and 13. | we conducted serologic and biochemical studies on strains of three provisional shigella serotypes. included were 19 strains of serotype 3873-50 from three countries (1 from mexico, 1 from netherlands antilles, and 17 from the united states), 13 strains of serotype 3341-55 from three countries (1 from canada, 1 from bulgaria, and 11 from the united states), and 19 strains of serotype 19809-73 from two countries (16 from israel and 3 from the united states). reactions of these strains with homolog ... | 1990 | 1701447 |
| demonstration of shared epitopes between bacterial proteins and hla class-i proteins using monoclonal antibodies. | monoclonal antibodies were used to identify the presence of epitopes on bacterial proteins which are cross-reactive with hla-b27. anti-hla-b27 monoclonals, b27m2 and ye-2 reacted with a major protein of approximately 35 kda, which was found to be ompa. on some strains a 19 kda protein was also seen. anti-shigella flexneri monoclonals were also developed which reacted with a 36 kda protein and a 19 kda protein. the 36 kda protein was ompf. these antibodies also reacted with a synthetic peptide re ... | 1990 | 1701917 |
| binding of enteric bacteria to hog gastric mucin. | the binding features of enteric bacteria were studied using a model mucin of hog gastric origin. the time requirement of binding is short, it is temperature-independent, but dose-dependent. the binding effectiveness of escherichia coli, shigella sonnei and shigella flexneri, as well as salmonella minnesota had a narrow range: 1.5-9 germs pro pg of mucin. the bacterial ligand of the binding is certainly not a polysaccharide as proved by the uniform binding of the r-mutant series of s. sonnei and ... | 1990 | 1702253 |
| urinary tract infection caused by shigella sonnei: a case report. | we report a case of severe urinary tract infection caused by shigella sonnei in a 3-year-old girl with vesico-ureteric reflux and no history of dysentery. treatment with co-trimoxazole in a dose of 48 mg/kg for 10 days was given and the infection was eradicated. possible sources of infection are discussed. | 1990 | 1703750 |
| polysaccharide nature of o antigen in protective ribosomal preparations from shigella: experimental evidence and implications for the ribosomal vaccine concept. | shigella ribosomal vaccine (srv) was previously shown to be highly active in induction of mucosal and systemic o-antibody response and protection against shigella infection in guinea pigs and monkeys. in this study, the o-specific component (osc) was isolated from the srv by affinity chromatography using rabbit o antibodies coupled to cnbr-sepharose. the results of the reaction with carbocyanine dye as well as chemical data show that ribosomal osc is devoid of lipid a and kdo, which are characte ... | 1990 | 1704638 |
| prospective study of the association between serum antibodies to lipopolysaccharide o antigen and the attack rate of shigellosis. | a means for determining immune status against shigellosis would significantly improve the design and evaluation of interventional and other epidemiologic studies. previous case-control studies have indicated the potential role of humoral antilipopolysaccharide antibodies. to test this proposition, 190 soldiers serving in a field unit were monitored prospectively for 2.5 months for shigellosis. blood samples were taken at the beginning of the follow-up period and tested for serological evidence o ... | 1991 | 1706731 |
| [identification and characterization of the two promoters of plasmid pkym]. | plasmid pkym is a multicopy plasmid isolated from shigella sonnei and multiples stably in escherichia coli. the plasmid encodes rep protein which is essential for its multiplication and synthesizes cop ribonucleic acid (rna) which is a short rna complementary to the 5' region of rep m-rna. this rna controls the copy number and the incompatibility of the plasmid. the previous analysis located the promoters of rep m-rna rna (pr) and cop rna (pl) in the inc region. this report confirmed the presenc ... | 1990 | 1707096 |
| the structural basis of serological specificity in shigella flexneri o-antigens. | | 1990 | 1708342 |
| physicochemical characteristics and flora of diarrhoeal and recovery faeces in children with acute gastro-enteritis in kenya. | physiochemical characteristics and flora of diarrhoeal and recovery faeces were investigated in 14 kenyan children with acute gastro-enteritis. causative micro-organisms were shigella, campylobacter, enterotoxigenic escherichia coli, rotavirus and unknown in 6, 2, 1, 2 and 3 patients, respectively. the mean values of the ph of the diarrhoeal specimens were significantly higher than those of the recovery specimens. large amounts of acetic acid and many other kinds of fatty acids were detected in ... | 1990 | 1708960 |
| characterization of an enterobacterial common antigen (eca) epitope recognized by anti-eca-tetanus toxoid conjugate serum. | the antigenic reactivity of both native and chemically modified enterobacterial common antigen (eca) with anti-eca-tetanus toxoid (tt) conjugate serum was investigated. the results obtained suggest that reduction of the carboxyl group of the mannosaminuronic acid component of eca diminishes, but does not destroy its antigenic reactivity. each of the sugar components were found to contribute to its reactivity with anti-eca-tt conjugate serum, indicating that the trisaccharide repeating unit repre ... | 1991 | 1709894 |
| an o antigen can interfere with the function of the yersinia pseudotuberculosis invasin protein. | escherichia coli strains harbouring the yersinia pseudotuberculosis inv gene are able to enter cultured mammalial cells. we show here that this property is not shared by all enteric bacteria, since shigella flexneri 2a cured of its virulence-associated plasmid and harbouring the inv gene is unable to enter mammalian cells efficiently. mapping studies showed that the region of the chromosome responsible for this phenotype includes rfab, a locus involved in the production of o antigen. s. flexneri ... | 1991 | 1710312 |
| [a method of determining lipase in bacteria of the intestinal group]. | a method for detection of lipase in intestinal bacteria is suggested with fatty acid esters used as enzyme substrates. this modification not only allows the enzyme detection but is more rapid that the known procedures. preliminary cultivation of bacteria in the accumulation media rich in organic substances helps shorten the time of investigation and simplifies reading the reaction. | 1990 | 1710703 |
| the lipopolysaccharide of shigella bacteria as a virulence factor. | the virulence factors of the lipopolysaccharide of shigella species bacteria include the endotoxic activities of the lipid a component of the molecule and the ability of the polysaccharide chain--the core and the o-antigenic polysaccharide--to provide the bacterium with resistance to host defense mechanisms such as opsonization, phagocytosis, and intracellular killing. structural features of the lipopolysaccharides of four shigella species-s. dysenteriae, s. flexneri, s. boydii, and s. sonnei--a ... | 1991 | 1710816 |
| [antigenic polysaccharides of shigella bacteria. structure of the polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide from shigella boydii, type 11]. | on mild acid degradation of the shigella boydii, type 11 lipopolysaccharide, the corresponding o-specific polysaccharide composed of d-glucuronic acid, 2-acetylamino-2-deoxy-d-glucose, d-ribose and l-rhamnose residues in the ratio 1:1:1:3 was obtained. methylation, partial acid hydrolysis and 13c-nmr spectral data for the polysaccharide led to the structure of the oligosaccharide repeating unit as a branched hexasaccharide: [formula: see text]. numerous o-acetyl groups attached non-stoichiometri ... | 1991 | 1712200 |