Publications
| Title | Abstract | Year Filter | PMID(sorted ascending) Filter |
|---|
| update on escherichia coli o157:h7. | escherichia coli o157:h7 infection is one of the more intriguing emerging infectious diseases of the industrialized world. the clinical importance of this organism first came to light in the 1980s and has been associated with significant morbidity and mortality in the united states. the infection is more common in industrialized countries than developing ones and is most closely associated with asymptomatic colonization of cattle. fecal oral transmission is the rule, with the inoculum needed for ... | 2004 | 15245697 |
| essential oils: their antibacterial properties and potential applications in foods--a review. | in vitro studies have demonstrated antibacterial activity of essential oils (eos) against listeria monocytogenes, salmonella typhimurium, escherichia coli o157:h7, shigella dysenteria, bacillus cereus and staphylococcus aureus at levels between 0.2 and 10 microl ml(-1). gram-negative organisms are slightly less susceptible than gram-positive bacteria. a number of eo components has been identified as effective antibacterials, e.g. carvacrol, thymol, eugenol, perillaldehyde, cinnamaldehyde and cin ... | 2004 | 15246235 |
| mucosal immunization with attenuated shigella flexneri harboring an influenza hemagglutinin dna vaccine protects mice against a lethal influenza challenge. | mucosal surfaces are important for the induction of immunity against influenza virus. in a murine intranasal immunization model, we demonstrated that the attenuated shigella flexneri deltaasd strain 15d, carrying a dna construct encoding the influenza virus hemagglutinin (ha), induces protective immunity against a lethal respiratory challenge with influenza a/wsn/33. influenza virus-specific ifn-gamma t cells were detected among splenocytes, and anti-ha igg was detected in serum post-immunizatio ... | 2004 | 15246259 |
| identification of novel immunogenic proteins of shigella flexneri 2a by proteomic methodologies. | shigella spp. are one of the most important etiological factors for people who are living in developing countries and travelers to tropical countries. high priority has been given by the world health organization to the development of vaccines to control shigellosis caused by these bacteria. however, information regarding to profile of immunogenic proteins of shigella is not available now. in the present study, sub-immunoproteomics was applied to screen novel immunogenic proteins which could be ... | 2004 | 15246607 |
| bacillary dysentery as a causative factor of irritable bowel syndrome and its pathogenesis. | the incidence of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs) or functional bowel disorders (fbd) after bacillary dysentery (bd) has not been extensively evaluated, and little is known of the pathogenesis of post-infective (pi) ibs. therefore, we investigated the incidence of ibs and fbd in a chinese patient population who had recovered from bd. to further elucidate its pathogenesis, neuroimmunological changes, including interleukins (il), mast cells, neuropeptides, and the relationship between mast cells and ... | 2004 | 15247174 |
| improved methods for producing outer membrane vesicles in gram-negative bacteria. | outer membrane vesicle formation occurs during gram-negative bacterial growth. however, natural production of large amounts of outer membrane vesicles has only been described in a few bacterial genera. the purified vesicles of some bacterial pathogens have shown potential applications in vaccinology and in antibiotic therapy. this study focused on the development of a gene expression system able to induce production of large amounts of outer membrane vesicles. the tol-pal system of escherichia c ... | 2004 | 15249060 |
| detection of approximately 10(3) copies of dna by an electrochemical enzyme-amplified sandwich assay with ambient o(2) as the substrate. | the electrochemical sandwich-type, enzyme-amplified assay of zhang, kim, and heller (anal. chem. 2003, 75, 3267-3269) was simplified by replacing the amplifying horseradish peroxidase with bilirubin oxidase (bod). bod catalyzes the reduction of ambient o(2) to water and obviates the need for adding h(2)o(2). femtomolar (10(-)(15) m) concentrations of dna were detected at a 10-microm-diameter tip of a carbon fiber electrode. correspondingly, a few thousand copies of dna were detected in approxima ... | 2004 | 15253647 |
| cortactin and crk cooperate to trigger actin polymerization during shigella invasion of epithelial cells. | shigella, the causative agent of bacillary dysentery, invades epithelial cells in a process involving src tyrosine kinase signaling. cortactin, a ubiquitous actin-binding protein present in structures of dynamic actin assembly, is the major protein tyrosine phosphorylated during shigella invasion. here, we report that rna interference silencing of cortactin expression, as does src inhibition in cells expressing kinase-inactive src, interferes with actin polymerization required for the formation ... | 2004 | 15263018 |
| genome sequence of the enterobacterial phytopathogen erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and characterization of virulence factors. | the bacterial family enterobacteriaceae is notable for its well studied human pathogens, including salmonella, yersinia, shigella, and escherichia spp. however, it also contains several plant pathogens. we report the genome sequence of a plant pathogenic enterobacterium, erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica (eca) strain scri1043, the causative agent of soft rot and blackleg potato diseases. approximately 33% of eca genes are not shared with sequenced enterobacterial human pathogens, including s ... | 2004 | 15263089 |
| involvement of the neuropeptide corticotropin-releasing hormone in an animal model of shigella-related seizures. | convulsions are common complications of shigellosis in children. corticotropin-releasing hormone (crh), a stress neurohormone, has been implicated in the susceptibility of young children to seizures. we investigated the role of crh in shigella-related seizures. pretreatment with shigella dysenteriae sonicate enhanced mice response to pentylenetetrazole (ptz)-induced seizures. preinjection of antalarmin, a crh-receptor 1 antagonist, decreased both the mean convulsion score (mcs: 1.6 vs. 1.1, p<0. ... | 2004 | 15265661 |
| a probabilistic measure for alignment-free sequence comparison. | alignment-free sequence comparison methods are still in the early stages of development compared to those of alignment-based sequence analysis. in this paper, we introduce a probabilistic measure of similarity between two biological sequences without alignment. the method is based on the concept of comparing the similarity/dissimilarity between two constructed markov models. | 2004 | 15271780 |
| perceptions of shigella and of shigella vaccine among rural chinese: compatibility with western models of behavioral change. | shigella remain a major source of morbidity and mortality in developing countries, including china. in response, national and international researchers are actively working to develop vaccines that will be effective against dysentery and diarrhea caused by shigella dysentariae. with the growing recognition of the problems associated with sustained vaccine acceptance and usage, researchers and policy makers recognize the importance of conducting theory-based qualitative research to inform vaccine ... | 2004 | 15272751 |
| antimicrobial use in children under five years with diarrhea in a central region province, thailand. | this cross-sectional study aimed to estimate the prevalence of appropriate antimicrobial prescribing for treating childhood diarrhea within the public hospital system in a central region province, thailand. reported are findings of a prospective clinical audit of 424 cases treated by 38 physicians. appropriate use of antimicrobials was defined as prescribing antimicrobials for managing an invasive bacterial-type, bloody diarrhea or not prescribing antimicrobials for managing a watery-type or non ... | 2004 | 15272767 |
| application of oligonucleotide array technology for the rapid detection of pathogenic bacteria of foodborne infections. | a rapid and accurate method for detection for common pathogenic bacteria in foodborne infections was established by using oligonucleotide array technology. nylon membrane was used as the array support. a mutation region of the 23s rrna gene was selected as the discrimination target from 14 species (genera) of bacteria causing foodborne infections and two unrelated bacterial species. a pair of universal primers was designed for pcr amplification of the 23s rrna gene. twenty-one species (genera)-s ... | 2004 | 15279944 |
| excision of the shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri is stimulated by a member of a new subgroup of recombination directionality factors. | pathogenicity islands are capable of excision and insertion within bacterial chromosomes. we describe a protein, rox, that stimulates excision of the shigella resistance locus pathogenicity island in shigella flexneri. sequence analysis suggests that rox belongs to a new subfamily of recombination directionality factors, which includes proteins from p4, enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, and yersinia pestis. | 2004 | 15292162 |
| the omptin family of enterobacterial surface proteases/adhesins: from housekeeping in escherichia coli to systemic spread of yersinia pestis. | the omptins are a family of enterobacterial surface proteases/adhesins that share high sequence identity and a conserved beta-barrel fold in the outer membrane. the omptins are multifunctional, and the individual omptins exhibit differing virulence-associated functions. the pla plasminogen activator of yersinia pestis contributes by several mechanisms to bacterial invasiveness and the systemic, uncontrolled proteolysis in plague. pla proteolytically activates the human proenzyme plasminogen and ... | 2004 | 15293449 |
| identification of escherichia coli o114 o-antigen gene cluster and development of an o114 serogroup-specific pcr assay. | screening for the escherichia coli o serotype is the traditional test for identification of e. coli clones. the o-antigen gene cluster of the e. coli o114 type strain was sequenced, and 12 open reading frames were assigned functions on the basis of homology. by screening against all 186 e. coli and shigella o serotypes, five genes specific to e. coli o114 were identified. a pcr assay based on the o-antigen-specific genes was developed and tested on 41 clinical isolates of e. coli o114. the pcr a ... | 2004 | 15297533 |
| investigating the antimicrobial activity of natural honey and its effects on the pathogenic bacterial infections of surgical wounds and conjunctiva. | antimicrobial activities of 10-100% (wt/vol) concentrations of new honey, stored honey, heated honey, ultraviolet-exposed honey, and heated stored honey were tested against common human pathogens, including escherichia coli, entrobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, shigella dysenteriae, klebsiella sp., haemophilus influenzae, proteus sp., staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus hemolyticus group b, and candida albicans. antimicrobial activity of honey was tested in acidic, neutral, or alkaline ... | 2004 | 15298770 |
| antimicrobial resistance in selected bacterial enteropathogens in north india. | the resistance of enteropathogenic bacteria to commonly prescribed antibiotics is increasing both in developing as well as in developed countries. resistance has emerged even to newer, more potent antimicrobial agents. the present study was therefore undertaken to report the current antibiotic resistance in common bacterial enteropathogens isolated in a tertiary care hospital in north india. | 2004 | 15299231 |
| [studies on antibacterial activities of secondary metabolites from fungus cephalosporium sp. al031]. | the antibacterial activity of fourteen identified compounds from secondary metabolites of fungus cephalosporium sp. al031 against eleven gram-positive or gram-negative bacteria in vitro was investigated by agar diffusion assay. the results suggested that two new compounds [s-(+)-5-hydroxymellein, s-(+)-7-hydroxymellein], together with four known compounds [s-(+)-mellein, 2,4-dihydroxy-3,6-dimethylbenzoic acid, 3,6-dihydroxy-2,4-dimethylbenzoic acid and succinic acid] had broad spectrum antibacte ... | 2004 | 15307685 |
| shigellosis - a re-emerging sexually transmitted infection: outbreak in men having sex with men in berlin. | in december 2001, the robert koch-institut (rki) was informed about a cluster of 10 shigella sonnei infections in men who have sex with men (msm), diagnosed in berlin since september 2001. a retrospective investigation on sexual risk factors for infection in all shigella cases from berlin from 2001 was initiated by sending a questionnaire to all patients without known travel history. simultaneously laboratories were asked to send new shigella isolates from patients to the national reference cent ... | 2004 | 15307964 |
| epidemiological features of a newly described serotype of shigella boydii. | we report the clinical, microbiological, and epidemiological features of an emerging serotype, shigella boydii 20. we interviewed patients about symptoms, and history of travel and visitors during the week before illness onset. seventy-five per cent of the 56 patients were hispanic. during the week before illness onset, 18 (32%) travelled abroad; 17 (94%) had visited mexico. eight (21%) out of 38 who had not travelled had foreign visitors. there were eight closely related patterns by pfge with x ... | 2004 | 15310158 |
| shigella serotypes among hospitalized patients in urban bangladesh and their antimicrobial resistance. | we studied the isolation of shigella spp., and their antimicrobial resistance. s. flexneri (54 %) was most frequently isolated, followed by s. dysenteriae (20 %), s. boydii (16 %) and s. sonnei (10 %). among s. flexneri (n = 122), 29 (24 %) were 2a, and 23 (19 %) were 2b. none of the shigella strains were resistant to mecillinam or ciprofloxacin. resistance to nalidixic acid was most frequent among s. dysenteriae type 1 (100%) followed by s. flexneri 2a (69%), and s. flexneri 2b (52 %). systemat ... | 2004 | 15310182 |
| expression of his-tagged shigella ipac in arabidopsis. | although the expression of histidine (his)-tagged proteins in bacteria is routine, few his-tagged proteins have been expressed in plants, and no his-tagged proteins from bacterial pathogens have been expressed in plants, to our knowledge. here, we demonstrate expression of the shigella flexneri invasion plasmid antigen, ipac, in arabidopsis thaliana. s. flexneri is the causitive trigger for bacillary dysentery, and ipac is essential for bacterial entry into epithelial cells. ipac, attached to a ... | 2004 | 15313002 |
| validation of a pcr for diagnosis of typhoid fever and salmonellosis by amplification of the hila gene in clinical samples from colombian patients. | validation of a pcr test to detect hila gene sequences of salmonella spp. was performed in blood and faeces samples from typhoid fever and salmonellosis patients. sensitivity (s), specificity (sp), positive predictive value (ppv) and negative predictive value (npv) of the pcr in blood samples were performed by testing: 37 patients with clinical diagnosis of typhoid fever, 34 of them confirmed by isolation of s. typhi from blood cultures; 35 patients infected with other pathogens corroborated by ... | 2004 | 15314194 |
| growth inhibition of enteric pathogens by zinc sulfate: an in vitro study. | to determine the inhibition effect of zinc sulfate on isolates of enteric bacteria. | 2004 | 15316263 |
| molecular evolutionary relationships of enteroinvasive escherichia coli and shigella spp. | enteroinvasive escherichia coli (eiec), a distinctive pathogenic form of e. coli causing dysentery, is similar in many properties to bacteria placed in the four species of shigella. shigella has been separated as a genus but in fact comprises several clones of e. coli. the evolutionary relationships of 32 eiec strains of 12 serotypes have been determined by sequencing of four housekeeping genes and two plasmid genes which were used previously to determine the relationships of shigella strains. t ... | 2004 | 15322001 |
| the salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium divalent cation transport systems mnth and sitabcd are essential for virulence in an nramp1g169 murine typhoid model. | nramp1 is a transporter that pumps divalent cations from the vacuoles of phagocytic cells and is associated with the innate resistance of mice to diverse intracellular pathogens. we demonstrate that sita and mnth, genes encoding high-affinity metal ion uptake systems in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, are upregulated when salmonella is internalized by nramp1-expressing macrophages and play an essential role in systemic infection of congenic nramp1-expressing mice. | 2004 | 15322058 |
| the distribution and antibiotic susceptibility of shigella isolates in dakar, senegal (2000-2002). | 2004 | 15325440 | |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-mediated third-generation cephalosporin resistance in shigella isolates in bangladesh. | 2004 | 15329365 | |
| prevalence of clostridium difficile-associated diarrhoea among hospitalized jordanian patients. | we investigated stool specimens of 400 patients at jordan university hospital (300 patients with clinical diarrhoea and 100 controls without diarrhoea) for the presence of clostridium difficile or its toxin. we found a 9.7% prevalence rate of c. difficile or its toxin in stools of patients with diarrhoea. the prevalence of other potential enteric pathogens, such as salmonella spp. (2.3%), shigella spp. (1.0%) and entamoeba histolytica (2.7%), was significantly less. prevalence of c. difficile or ... | 2001 | 15332775 |
| [maintenance of bactericidal activity of pectin stabilized aqueous solutions]. | maintenance of the bactericidal activity and organoleptic properties of 3% and 5% stabilized aqueous solutions of pectin (pepidol peg, 3% and pepidol peg, 5%) stored for prolonged periods and at various temperatures was studied. pepidol peg was shown to preserve its bactericidal activity and organoleptic properties for 28 months when stored at rather wide ranges of the environmental temperature. the drug did not lose its properties after freezing and subsequent melting. the results of the study ... | 2004 | 15344390 |
| electro-fenton as a feasible advanced treatment process to produce reclaimed water. | the feasibility of the electro-fenton process to generate simultaneously both of the fenton's reagent species (fe2+/h2o2), was assessed as a potentially more economical alternative to the classical fenton's reaction to produce reclaimed water. an air-saturated combined wastewater (mixture of municipal and laboratory effluents) was treated in discontinuous and continuous reactors at ph = 3.5. the discontinuous reactor was a 2 l electrochemical laboratory cell fitted with concentric graphite and i ... | 2004 | 15344777 |
| the reuse of treated wastewater for agricultural purposes in nicaragua; central america. | the first subsurface flow wetland (ssfw) system for about 1,000 pe, was constructed in nicaragua in 1996 to apply this technology in the form of an integral project, combining the treatment of domestic wastewater with its reuse for crop production in small and medium size communities. the ssfw-effluent meets all standards established in the national regulations for wastewater reuse in agriculture, except for faecal coliforms, existent at an average concentration of 7 x 10(4) mpn/100 ml. a conven ... | 2004 | 15344804 |
| genetic relatedness of ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated in south asia. | the aim of the present study was to determine the clonal relationships of ciprofloxacin-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 strains isolated from south asia, and s. dysenteriae 1 strains associated with epidemics in 1978, 1984 and 1994. | 2004 | 15347639 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility trends among escherichia coli and shigella spp. isolated from rural egyptian paediatric populations with diarrhoea between 1995 and 2000. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed on 3,627 isolates of escherichia coli and 180 isolates of shigella spp. collected in rural locations from 875 egyptian children with diarrhoea between 1995 and 2000. the cumulative rates of resistance for e. coli and shigella spp. were high (respectively, 68.2% and 54.8% for ampicillin, 24.2% and 23.5% for ampicillin-sulbactam, 57.2% and 42.5% for trimethoprim-sulphamethoxazole, and 50.9% and 75.4% for tetracycline). non-enterotoxigenic e. coli ... | 2004 | 15355411 |
| [evaluation of xylose galactosidase (xg) culture medium for the isolation of enteropathogens]. | the chromogenic medium, xg, was evaluated and compared to conventional media for the isolation of salmonella spp., shigella spp., yersinia enterocolitica and aeromonas spp. | 2004 | 15355767 |
| il-8 is a key chemokine regulating neutrophil recruitment in a new mouse model of shigella-induced colitis. | the lack of a mouse model of acute rectocolitis mimicking human bacillary dysentery in the presence of invasive shigella is a major handicap to study the pathogenesis of the disease and to develop a shigella vaccine. the inability of the mouse intestinal mucosa to elicit an inflammatory infiltrate composed primarily of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (pmn) may be due to a defect in epithelial invasion, in the sensing of invading bacteria, or in the effector mechanisms that recruit the pmn infiltrat ... | 2004 | 15356171 |
| case management of a multidrug-resistant shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 outbreak in a crisis context in sierra leone, 1999-2000. | from december 1999 to the end of february 2000, 4218 cases of dysentery were reported in kenema district, southeastern sierra leone, by a médecins sans frontières team operating in this region. shigella dysenteriae serotype 1 was isolated from the early cases. the overall attack rate was 7.5% but higher among children under 5 years (11.2%) compared to the rest of the population (6.8%) (rr = 1.6; 95% ci 1.5-1.8). the case fatality ratio was 3.1%, and higher for children under 5 years (6.1% vs. 2. ... | 2004 | 15363643 |
| polymicrobial infections in children with diarrhoea in a rural area of jordan. | polymicrobial infections associated with diarrhoea are common in developing countries. stool specimens were collected from 220 patient children and 100 controls. potential pathogenic agents isolated from 143 (65%) children were identified by molecular and standard microbiological methods. co-infections with two or more agents were detected in 50 (35%) cases. escherichia coli, shigella dysenteriae, giardia and entamoeba histolytica were found to be predominant. the etiologic agents could not be d ... | 2004 | 15364112 |
| rafts can trigger contact-mediated secretion of bacterial effectors via a lipid-based mechanism. | infection by the gram-negative bacterial pathogen shigella flexneri depends on its ability to invade host cells. bacterial engulfment requires a functional type iii secretion system (ttss) allowing the translocation into host cells of bacterial effectors that activate cell-signaling cascades. we demonstrated previously that specialized lipid membrane domains enriched in cholesterol and sphingolipids (rafts) are involved during early steps of invasion, namely in binding and host cell entry. in th ... | 2004 | 15364928 |
| diarrhea in elderly patients due to clostridium difficile associated with salmonella and shigella infection. | clostridium difficile is the main cause of nosocomial diarrhea mainly in elderly hospitalized patients and in nursing homes, but less common in the community. we report three elderly patients living in the community, one frail and two in reasonable good health who recently developed diarrhea due to c. difficile associated with salmonella group c in two cases and shigella flexneri in the other. the association with shigella has not previously been reported and there have only been a few cases wit ... | 2004 | 15381346 |
| epidemiology of shigella-associated diarrhea in rural egyptian children. | during the period from february 1995 to february 1998, the epidemiology of shigella diarrhea was studied among children less than three years of age residing in egypt's nile delta. children were visited twice a week and a stool sample was collected from any of them with diarrhea. the incidence of shigella-associated diarrhea was 0.2 episodes/child-year, with s. flexneri being the most common serogroup isolated (55% of shigella episodes). younger age and the warm months increased the risk of deve ... | 2004 | 15381821 |
| in vitro antimicrobial properties of aqueous garlic extract against multidrug-resistant bacteria and candida species from nigeria. | the antimicrobial effects of aqueous garlic extract (age) against 133 multidrug-resistant gram-positive and gram-negative bacterial isolates, including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, haemophilus influenzae, salmonella typhi, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, shigella spp., and proteus spp., and against 10 candida spp. were studied. antibacterial activity of age by well-diffusion and macrobroth dilution method was chara ... | 2004 | 15383227 |
| survey of various culture media for the isolation of salmonella's and shigella's. | 1949 | 15390381 | |
| role of cofactors in the inhibition of bacterial viruses by the somatic antigens of shigella sonnei. | 1949 | 15391331 | |
| studies with shigella dysenteriae (shiga) infection and intoxication in macacus mulatta monkeys. | 1949 | 15392992 | |
| studies in dysentery vaccination; comparative response and persistence of immunity in mice vaccinated intraabdominally or by gavage with shigella sonnei. | 1949 | 15398124 | |
| [not available]. | 1949 | 15400687 | |
| the action of sodium and magnesium sulfate on salmonellae, shigellae and vibrios. | 1950 | 15403066 | |
| the x strain of sh. paradysenteriae (flexner) apparently a valid type. | 1949 | 15404583 | |
| field trial of shigella flexneri iii vaccine; coproantibody studies. | 1950 | 15405854 | |
| [not available]. | 1949 | 15407894 | |
| the sensitivity of salmonellae and shigellae to streptomycin. | 1950 | 15410674 | |
| causation of ekiri, a highly fatal disease of japanese children. | 1950 | 15410701 | |
| bacillary dysentery in children. | 1950 | 15410801 | |
| nursing care in bacillary dysentery. | 1950 | 15410802 | |
| treatment of septicemic infections of foals. | 1950 | 15412159 | |
| use of tetrathionate broth in isolation of salmonella, shigella, and paracolon bacilli. | 1950 | 15412300 | |
| [a new antigenic type of shigella boydii]. | 1950 | 15413827 | |
| a growth-inhibitory effect on shigella dysenteriae which occurs with some batches of nutrient agar and is associated with the production of peroxide. | 1950 | 15415582 | |
| summary of salmonella and shigella of alaska. | 1950 | 15417030 | |
| on the nature of the toxic component of the somatic antigen of shigella paradysenteriae type z (flexner). | from the chemical evidence presented it appears that the toxicity associated with the somatic antigen of type z sh. paradysenteriae may be attributed to an entity distinct from the known components of the complex. that this substance is neither the protein, the lipid, nor the carbohydrate component of the antigen is evident. because of its lability to chemical manipulation, the nature of the toxic component, has not yet been ascertained. | 1950 | 15422094 |
| [intraspinal administration of chloromycetin in man; its use in a case of meningitis caused by shigella paradysenteriae]. | 1950 | 15424506 | |
| [salmonella and shigella coli]. | 1950 | 15425923 | |
| [preparation of antigens for the diagnosis and therapy of bacterial allergy. iv. antigens of enterobacteria (escherichia, aerobacter, klebsiella, proteus, salmonella, shigella)]. | 1950 | 15427975 | |
| chloramphenicol (chloromycetin) therapy in shigella enteritis. | 1950 | 15428292 | |
| isolation of the hypoagglutinable variant of shigella alkalescens from the blood. | 1950 | 15432311 | |
| the isolation of shigella boydii type 7 (lavington) from a case of diarrhea. | 1950 | 15432344 | |
| [a new shigella paradysenteriae serotype: the 112 type of cox and wallace]. | 1950 | 15433052 | |
| [sensitivity of enterobacteriaceae to chloromycetin]. | 1950 | 15433580 | |
| subacute bacterial endocarditis with pulmonary embolism in a horse associated with shigella equirulis. | 1950 | 15434463 | |
| the properties of l forms isolated from salmonella and the isolation of l forms from shigella. | 1950 | 15436451 | |
| differences in toxicity of the s- and r-variants of shigella dysenteriae. | 1950 | 15437001 | |
| a clinical trial with chloromycetin in shigella dysenteriae (sonne); a report of three cases. | 1950 | 15437264 | |
| antigenic identity of shigella alkalescens type i and kauffmann's escherichia o group 1. | 1950 | 15440818 | |
| [a mannite-positive, shigella-like strain, with serological relation to large-sachs type q 771]. | 1950 | 15443719 | |
| [comparative investigations of certain new culture mediums for the isolation of salmonella and shigella]. | 1950 | 15443723 | |
| thermorubin, a new antibiotic from a thermoactinomycete. | 1964 | 15446134 | |
| association of helicobacter pylori infection with shigella gastroenteritis in young children. | helicobacter pylori infection is acquired mainly in early childhood. much is unknown about the mode of transmission. the organism can be cultivated from cathartic stools and vomitus and is potentially transmissible during episodes of gastrointestinal tract illness. because shigella and salmonella are common pathogens in enteric infections in children, we examined the association of h. pylori with shigella and salmonella infections in pediatric patients. | 2004 | 15447770 |
| antibacterial and antifugal mono- and di-substituted symmetrical and unsymmetrical triazine-derived schiff-bases and their transition metal complexes. | a new series of antibacterial and antifungal triazine-derived mono- and di-substituted (symmetrical and unsymmetrical) schiff-bases and their cobalt(ii), copper(ii), nickel(ii) and zinc(ii) metal complexes have been synthesized and characterized by their elemental analyses, molar conductances, magnetic moments and ir and electronic spectral measurements. ir spectra indicated the ligands to act as tridentate towards divalent metal ions via a trazine-n, the azomethine-n and, indole-nh and deproton ... | 2004 | 15449731 |
| fluoroquinolone-resistant shigella dysenteriae type 1 in northeastern bangladesh. | 2004 | 15451486 | |
| invasive characteristics of apathogenic shigella flexneri 5a2c mutant obtained under the effect of furazolidone. | apathogenic shigella flexneri 5a2c mutant treated with furazolidone can infect eucaryotic cells. these bacteria contain no virulence genes responsible for sh. flexneri invasion, which seems to be the cause of their apathogenicity. the capacity of bacteria to penetrate into eucaryotic cells correlates with the appearance of ecp 32 protease specifically cleaving actin. | 2004 | 15455123 |
| an outbreak of shigellosis in a child care centre. | outbreaks of shigellosis in child care are not commonly reported in australia, however shigella bacteria can easily spread in these settings. we report an outbreak of shigellosis in a child care centre and discuss the control measures implemented. this investigation identified 20 confirmed cases of shigella sonnei biotype g and a further 47 probable cases in children and staff who attended a child care centre, and their household contacts. the investigation highlighted the importance of stringen ... | 2004 | 15460959 |
| rapid and economical method for biochemical screening of stool isolates for salmonella and shigella species. | the louis test is a screening protocol for salmonella and shigella that uses rapid enzyme tests. it had a sensitivity of 100% and a specificity of 94% and achieved presumptive reporting of salmonella 3 h after colony isolation with savings of time and money compared to commercial identification systems. | 2004 | 15472351 |
| health effects of wastewater reuse for agriculture in the suburbs of asmara city, eritrea. | the health impact of utilization of raw domestic sewage for vegetable cultivation in the suburbs of asmara, eritrea, was assessed. results showed heavy contamination of vegetables by fecal coliforms and giardia cysts as well as other pathogenic bacteria such as shigella and salmonella. stool samples from 75 occupationally exposed farmers revealed that 45% of them were harboring giardia cysts. dietary intake of raw greens (lettuce, cabbage) grown on the raw sewage appears to cause giardiasis, ame ... | 2004 | 15473082 |
| acceptability and accessibility of a shigellosis vaccine in nha trang city of viet nam. | the acceptability and accessibility of a hypothetical shigella vaccination campaign was explored. a household survey was conducted with 539 randomly-selected residents of six communes in nha trang city of viet nam. four categories of acceptability, such as refusers, low acceptors, acceptors, and high acceptors, were established, refusers were significantly more likely to be elderly women and were less likely to know the purpose of vaccinations. low acceptors tended to be male, elderly, and live ... | 2004 | 15473518 |
| cultural and social context of dysentery: implications for the introduction of a new vaccine. | dysentery, a severe form of diarrhoeal disease, is a major cause of morbidity and mortality. paradoxically, virtually no studies have been conducted to examine beliefs and behaviours associated with dysentery. the explanatory model of dysentery was explored in a community in dhaka, bangladesh, to understand the acceptability of a vaccine against dysentery. a local term for bloody dysentery is widely known, and residents describe a progression of symptoms, which closely mirrors the biomedical mod ... | 2004 | 15473519 |
| the health belief model and factors relating to potential use of a vaccine for shigellosis in kaeng koi district, saraburi province, thailand. | shigellosis is an important cause of morbidity and mortality throughout the world. approximately, 1.1 million deaths occur a year due to this disease, making it the fourth leading cause of mortality worldwide. this paper explores local interest in and potential use of a vaccine for shigellosis in thailand where shigella poses an important public-health concern. data for this study were collected during june-november 2002 from 522 subjects surveyed using a sociobehavioural questionnaire in kaeng ... | 2004 | 15473520 |
| psi-phi: exploring the outer limits of bacterial pseudogenes. | because bacterial chromosomes are tightly packed with genes and were traditionally viewed as being optimized for size and replication speed, it was not surprising that the early annotations of sequenced bacterial genomes reported few, if any, pseudogenes. but because pseudogenes are generally recognized by comparisons with their functional counterparts, as more genome sequences accumulated, many bacterial pathogens were found to harbor large numbers of truncated, inactivated, and degraded genes. ... | 2004 | 15479949 |
| up-regulation of cd80-cd86 and iga on mouse peritoneal b-1 cells by porin of shigella dysenteriae is toll-like receptors 2 and 6 dependent. | porin of shigella dysenteriae type 1 increased the mrna levels for toll-like receptor (tlr) 2 and tlr6 by 1.5- and 2.9-fold respectively, of peritoneal cavity b-1a and b-1b cells, implicating that coexpression of tlr2 and tlr6 is essential as a combinatorial repertoire for recognition of porin by the b-1 cells. among the two key tlrs, tlr2 and tlr4, which are primarily responsible for recognizing majority of the bacterial products, tlr2 and not tlr4, participates in porin recognition. tlr2 got i ... | 2004 | 15482852 |
| mutants of agrobacterium tumefaciens virg gene that activate transcription of vir promoter in escherichia coli. | the vira and virg two-component regulatory system is essential for transcriptional activation of virulence (vir) genes in agrobacterium tumefaciens in the presence of inducer molecules. the vira/virg mediated vir gene transcription depends on a specific interaction between the c-terminal domain of the alpha subunit (rpoa) of a. tumefaciens rna polymerase (rnap) and n-terminal domain of the virg. however, such interaction does not occur between rnap of e. coli and the virg, thus vir gene activati ... | 2004 | 15486707 |
| [identification of a protein interacting with shigella flexneri ipac invasin by yeast two-hybrid system]. | two-hybrid system was applied to screen proteins interacting with ipac in the host cell. by using two-hybrid system, the bait plasmid containing ipac gene was constructed and designated pgbkt-ipac. a human hela cdna library was screened to isolate protein factors that might interact with ipac. among the 2 x 10(6) clones screened, 22 positive clones were picked out. sequence analysis revealed that two of them contained cdna fragments from collagenase. subsequently the domain of ipac interacting w ... | 2004 | 15487505 |
| detection of staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a and b genes with pcr-eia and a hand-held electrochemical sensor. | two electrochemical assays for detecting staphylococcus aureus enterotoxin a and b genes were developed. the assays are based on pcr amplification with biotinylated primers, hybridization to a fluorescein-labeled probe, and detection with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-fluorescein antibody using a hand-held electrochemical detector. the limit of detection (lod) for both assays was approximately 16 copies of the sea and seb genes. the assays were evaluated in blinded studies, each with 81 ... | 2004 | 15488376 |
| antibody therapy in the management of shiga toxin-induced hemolytic uremic syndrome. | hemolytic uremic syndrome (hus) is a disease that can lead to acute renal failure and often to other serious sequelae, including death. the majority of cases are attributed to infections with escherichia coli, serotype o157:h7 strains in particular, which cause bloody diarrhea and liberate one or two toxins known as shiga toxins 1 and 2. these toxins are thought to directly be responsible for the manifestations of hus. currently, supportive nonspecific treatment is the only available option for ... | 2004 | 15489355 |
| osa protein constitutes a strong oncogenic suppression system that can block vir-dependent transfer of incq plasmids between agrobacterium cells and the establishment of incq plasmids in plant cells. | the osa (oncogenic suppressive activity) gene of the incw group plasmid psa is sufficient to suppress tumorigenesis by agrobacterium tumefaciens. osa confers oncogenic suppression by inhibiting vire2 protein export. this result is similar, but not identical, to that of oncogenic suppression by the incq plasmid rsf1010. we conducted a series of experiments to compare oncogenic suppression by these two systems. agrobacterium strains harboring plasmids containing osa are more able to effect oncogen ... | 2004 | 15489437 |
| molecular basis of the indole-negative reaction in shigella strains: extensive damages to the tna operon by insertion sequences. | the molecular basis of the loss of tryptophan utilization (indole-negative phenotype) of shigella strains, in effect clones of escherichia coli, was investigated. analysis of the tna operon of 23 shigella strains representing each of the indole-negative serotypes revealed that insertion sequence-mediated insertion and/or deletions damaged the tna operon, leading to inability to convert tryptophan to indole. these events differ for cluster 1, cluster 3, and the outlier shigella strains, confirmin ... | 2004 | 15489459 |
| substrate profile variation and drug resistance patterns of â - lactamase producing shigella species isolated from diarrhoeal patients in lagos, nigeria. | the number and trend of antibiotic resistance by shigella species recovered from food and diarrhoeal stools are on the increase in nigeria and has resulted in a high frequency of hospitalisation. increased cost of disease management, and higher mortality in children. this study exposes 51 â-lactamase producing shigella isolates from lagos to some newly introduced drugs in the country. the drugs include â-lactam - â-actamase inhibitor antibiotics. â-lctam substrate hydrolysis and inhibitory effec ... | 2004 | 15490795 |
| alternative anaerobic enrichments to the bacteriological analytical manual culture method for isolation of shigella sonnei from selected types of fresh produce. | alternative methods of reducing oxygen during anaerobic enrichment in the bacteriological analytical manual (bam) shigella culture method were evaluated and compared to the current and less practical gaspak method. the alternative anaerobic methods included the use of reducing agents in shigella broth and reducing culture container headspace volume to minimize atmospheric effects on oxygen concentration in shigella broth during enrichment. the reducing agents evaluated were sodium thioglycollate ... | 2004 | 15493668 |
| shiga toxin-encoding bacteriophages--genomes in motion. | shiga toxins (stx) represent a group of bacterial toxins that are involved in human and animal disease. stx are mainly produced by escherichia coli isolated from human and non-human sources, shigella dysenteriae type 1, and sporadically, by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae and shigella flexneri. the genes encoding stx are encoded in the genome of heterogeneous lambdoid prophages (stx-converting bacteriophages; stx-phages). they are located in a similar position in the late region of th ... | 2004 | 15493821 |