| transmission and shedding patterns of salmonella in naturally infected captive wild roof rats (rattus rattus) from a salmonella-contaminated layer farm. | rodents play a major role in the transmission and maintenance of salmonella contamination cycles in poultry facilities. however, very limited field data are available regarding the transmission routes, infection cycle, and shedding patterns of salmonella by naturally infected wild rodents from commercial layer farms. in this study, a total of 128 resident wild roof rats (rattus ratus) were captured from a salmonella-contaminated layer facility. all roof rats were divided into 51 laboratory cages ... | 2012 | 22856184 |
| plasmid profile and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis of salmonella enterica isolates from humans in turkey. | this study was conducted for typing salmonella enterica subspecies enterica strains in turkey using pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and plasmid dna profile analysis. fourty-two strains were isolated from clinical samples obtained from unrelated patients with acute diarrhea. the samples were collected from state hospitals and public health laboratories located at seven provinces in different regions of turkey at different times between 2004 and 2010. the strains were determined to belong ... | 2014 | 24852084 |
| outbreak of salmonella enterica serotype infantis infection in humans linked to dry dog food in the united states and canada, 2012. | case description--in april 2012, salmonella enterica serotype infantis was detected in an unopened bag of dry dog food collected during routine retail surveillance. pulsenet, a national bacterial subtyping network, identified humans with salmonella infantis infection with the same genetic fingerprint as the dog food sample. clinical findings--an outbreak investigation identified 53 ill humans infected with the outbreak strain during january 1 to july 5, 2012, in 21 states and 2 provinces in cana ... | 2014 | 24548229 |
| clonal spread of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in serbia: acquisition of mutations in the topoisomerase genes gyra and parc leads to increased resistance to fluoroquinolones. | quinolone-resistant salmonella infantis (n = 64) isolated from human stool samples, food and poultry during the years 2006-2011 were analysed for their resistance phenotypes, macrorestriction patterns and molecular mechanisms of decreased susceptibility to fluoroquinolones. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of nalidixic acid (nal) and ciprofloxacin (cip) were determined by the agar dilution procedure, and the susceptibility to additional antimicrobial agents was determined by the disc dif ... | 2014 | 24119387 |
| biofilm formation of salmonella serotypes in simulated meat processing environments and its relationship to cell characteristics. | salmonella attached to meat contact surfaces encountered in meat processing facilities may serve as a source of cross-contamination. in this study, the influence of serotypes and media on biofilm formation of salmonella was investigated in a simulated meat processing environment, and the relationships between biofilm formation and cell characteristics were also determined. all six serotypes (salmonella enterica serotype heidelberg, salmonella derby, salmonella agona, salmonella indiana, salmonel ... | 2013 | 24112581 |
| survey of enterobacteriaceae contamination of table eggs collected from layer flocks in australia. | in the present study, eggs from commercial caged layer flocks at different stages of lay in australia were collected. enterobacteriaceae populations from eggshell surface and eggshell pore were enumerated and these populations characterized using api® rapid 20e strips. the eggshell surface, eggshell pore and egg internal content samples were also processed for the isolation of salmonella and these isolates were tested for the presence or absence of several virulence genes (prgh, sopb, spic, orfl ... | 2013 | 23680799 |
| survival and growth of epidemically successful and nonsuccessful salmonella enterica clones after freezing and dehydration. | the spread of epidemically successful nontyphoidal salmonella clones has been suggested as the most important cause of salmonellosis in industrialized countries. factors leading to the emergence of success clones are largely unknown, but their ability to survive and grow after physical stress may contribute. during epidemiological studies, a mathematical model was developed that allowed estimation of a factor (q) accounting for the relative ability of salmonella serovars with different antimicro ... | 2012 | 22410218 |
| immune reaction and survivability of salmonella typhimurium and salmonella infantis after infection of primary avian macrophages. | salmonella serovars are differentially able to infect chickens. the underlying causes are not yet fully understood. aim of the present study was to elucidate the importance of salmonella pathogenicity island 1 and 2 (spi-1 and -2) for the virulence of two non-host-specific, but in-vivo differently invasive, salmonella serovars in conjunction with the immune reaction of the host. primary avian splenic macrophages were inoculated with salmonella enterica sub-species enterica serovar (s.) typhimuri ... | 2015 | 25811871 |
| clonal dissemination of salmonella enterica serovar infantis in germany. | salmonella enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) is consistently isolated from broiler chickens, pigs, and humans worldwide. this study investigated 93 epidemiologically unrelated salmonella infantis strains isolated in germany between 2005 and 2008 in respect to their transmission along the food chain. various phenotypic and genotypic methods were applied, and the pathogenicity and resistance gene repertoire was determined. phenotypically, 66% of the strains were susceptible to all 17 ... | 2012 | 22401270 |
| survival of salmonella enterica serovar infantis on and within stored table eggs. | contaminated table eggs are considered a primary source of foodborne salmonellosis globally. recently, a single clone of salmonella enterica serovar infantis emerged in israel and became the predominant serovar isolated in poultry. this clone is currently the most prevalent strain in poultry and is the leading cause of salmonellosis in humans. because little is known regarding the potential transmission of this strain from contaminated eggs to humans, the objective of this study was to evaluate ... | 2015 | 25710143 |
| increase in resistance to extended-spectrum cephalosporins in salmonella isolated from retail chicken products in japan. | extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing salmonella are one of the most important public health problems in developed countries. esbl-producing salmonella strains have been isolated from humans in asian countries neighboring japan, along with strains harboring the plasmid-mediated extended-spectrum cephalosporin (esc)-resistance gene, ampc (pampc). however, only a few studies have investigated the prevalence of esc-resistant salmonella in chicken products in japan, which are the main vehic ... | 2015 | 25642944 |
| comparison of the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities. | a comparison on the prevalence of salmonella infection in layer hens from commercial layer farms with high and low rodent densities was investigated. out of 280 laying hens sampled from three commercial layer farms with high rodent densities, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar enteritidis (salmonella enteritidis) was isolated from 20 (7.14%) hens and salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis (salmonella infantis) from three (1.07%) hens. in contrast, layer hens sampled from f ... | 2012 | 22545525 |
| investigation of class i integron in salmonella infantis and its association with drug resistance. | infection with non-typhoid salmonella (nts) is one of the most important health problems all over the world. antimicrobial drug resistance is increasing among salmonella infantis species. | 2014 | 25147710 |
| enumeration and characterization of salmonella isolates from retail chicken carcasses in beijing, china. | epidemiological reports have implicated contaminated raw or undercooked chicken as primary vehicles of salmonella transmission to human beings. risk assessments relating to salmonella contamination of poultry products in china are frequently hampered by the lack of quantitative data. in this study, whole chicken carcasses (n=395) were collected from the retail markets of beijing, and the level of salmonella contamination was enumerated by most probable number (mpn) analysis and all salmonella is ... | 2014 | 24134666 |
| risk factors for sporadic infection with salmonella infantis: a matched case-control study. | this matched case-control study investigated the risk factors for sporadic salmonella infantis infection in 263 affected children and 263 age-, gender- and neighbourhood-matched controls. information about exposure to potential risk factors was obtained via telephone interview and evaluated by conditional logistic regression analysis. age groups ≤ 1 year (n=77) and >1 year (n = 186) were analysed separately. of those aged ≤ 1 year, breastfeeding was a significant protective factor against infect ... | 2014 | 23879895 |
| an outbreak of salmonella infantis gastroenteritis in a residential aged care facility associated with thickened fluids. | twenty-two confirmed cases of salmonella infantis were identified in 70 residents of high-level care areas of a residential aged care facility in sydney in april 2010 during an outbreak of gastroenteritis. a retrospective cohort study was conducted to identify a possible cause. consuming a soft diet, puréed diet, or thickened fluid were each independently associated with illness. a logistic regression showed consumption of thickened fluid to be the only significant exposure associated with illne ... | 2012 | 22335962 |
| contamination of carcasses and utensils in small swine slaughterhouses by salmonella in the northwestern region of the state of rio de janeiro, brazil. | salmonella is a major foodborne pathogen that constantly threatens food safety in developed countries and underdeveloped countries such as brazil, where it is responsible for 38% of notified cases of foodborne illness. swine are one of the main meat-producing species that may asymptomatically carry salmonella, periodically shedding the bacteria through feces. the state of rio de janeiro is not a major producer of swine meat, but small slaughterhouses are operational and produce meat for consumpt ... | 2017 | 28585863 |
| occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella in ground beef at retail stores in jalisco state, mexico. | the occurrence, serotype diversity, and antimicrobial resistance of salmonella bacteria in commercial ground beef at retail establishments were investigated. salmonella was isolated from 135 (56.7%) of 238 ground beef samples collected at the same number of butcher's shops located in three municipalities of jalisco state, mexico, during an 11-month period. the isolation frequency differed by municipality (p < 0.05) and was higher (p < 0.05) during the warm season (68.5%) than during the cold sea ... | 2013 | 24290673 |
| draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strain spe101, isolated from a chronic human infection. | we report a 4.99-mb draft genome sequence of salmonella enterica subsp. enterica serovar infantis strain spe101, isolated from feces of a 5-month-old breast-fed female showing diarrhea associated with severe dehydration and malnutrition. the infection prolonged for 6 months despite antibiotic treatment. | 2017 | 28729277 |
| phenotypic and genotypic characterization of salmonella spp. isolated from foods and clinical samples in brazil. | increasing antimicrobial resistance in salmonella species has been a serious problem for public health worldwide. this study examines salmonella spp. recovered from foods and clinical samples on serotype, antimicrobial resistance and pfge genotypes. it identified 91 salmonellae, belonging to 31 different serotypes, from 36 isolates from food and 55 clinical samples. salmonella infantis (16.5%) and salmonella enteritidis (13.7%) are the most common among food isolates, whereas salmonella enteriti ... | 2017 | 28513778 |
| enhancement of bactericidal effects of sodium hypochlorite in chiller water with food additive grade calcium hydroxide. | an alkaline agent, namely food additive grade calcium hydroxide (fdca(oh)2) in solution at 0.17%, was evaluated for its bactericidal efficacies in chiller water with sodium hypochlorite (naocl) at a concentration of 200 ppm total residual chlorine. without organic material presence, naocl could inactivate salmonella infantis and escherichia coli within 5 sec, but in the presence of fetal bovine serum (fbs) at 0.5%, the bactericidal effects of naocl were diminished completely. fdca(oh)2 solution ... | 2017 | 28496013 |
| effect of nanoemulsified and microencapsulated mexican oregano (lippia graveolens kunth) essential oil coatings on quality of fresh pork meat. | fresh meat is a highly perishable food. this work aimed to evaluate the influence of mexican oregano (lippia graveolens kunth) incorporated into active coatings (acs) spread on fresh pork meat as free (feo), nanoemulsified (neo), and microencapsulated (meo) essential oil (eo), on its microbiological, physicochemical and sensory properties during 15 d at 4 ± 1 °c. thymol and γ-terpinene were identified in the eo. in vitro effect of 2.85 mg eo/cm(2) was tested against brochothrix thermosphacta, mi ... | 2017 | 28493309 |
| oral administration of lactobacillus rhamnosus gg ameliorates salmonella infantis-induced inflammation in a pig model via activation of the il-22bp/il-22/stat3 pathway. | the high rate of salmonella enterica serovar infantis (s. infantis) infection poses significant risk for the development of non-typhoidal salmonella gastroenteritis. however, efficient strategies to prevent or treat the infection remain elusive. here, we explored the effect of the probiotic lactobacillus rhamnosus gg (lgg) administration in preventing s. infantis infection in a pig model. probiotic lgg (1.0 × 10(10) cfu/day) was orally administered to newly weaned piglets for 1 week before s. in ... | 2017 | 28770173 |
| vim-1-producing salmonella infantis isolated from swine and minced pork meat in germany. | | 2017 | 28369508 |
| salmonella enterica serovar infantis from food and human infections, switzerland, 2010-2015: poultry-related multidrug resistant clones and an emerging esbl producing clonal lineage. | objectives: the aim of this study was to characterize a collection of 520 salmonella enterica serovar infantis strains isolated from food (poultry meat), human infections and environmental sources from the years 2010, 2013 and 2015 in switzerland. methods: we performed antimicrobial susceptibility testing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis on all 520 s. infantis isolates, and whole genome sequencing (wgs) on 32 selected isolates. results: the majority (74.8%) of the isolates wa ... | 2017 | 28751886 |
| [prevalence of salmonella in meat and meat products in moravia in 2010-2015]. | bacteria of the genus salmonella greatly contribute to foodborne infections of the gastrointestinal tract in humans. an important source of the diseases is foods of animal origin. the study aimed at monitoring and assessing the prevalence of individual salmonella serovars in samples of meat and meat products collected in moravia, czech republic. | 2016 | 27450522 |
| biofilm formation by environmental isolates of salmonella and their sensitivity to natural antimicrobials. | the objective of this study was to determine reduction of salmonella in biofilms by essential oils. biofilm formation of 15 salmonella isolates from conventional swine farm environment was evaluated by 96-well microtiter plate crystal violet and minimum biofilm eradication concentration (mbec) assays. only one of the 15 isolates was a strong biofilm producer as classified by crystal violet assay. all salmonella isolates formed biofilm on mbec assay. the curli expression was robust among strains ... | 2016 | 27356028 |
| molecular identification of salmonella infantis isolated from backyard chickens and detection of their resistance genesby pcr. | this study aims at molecular identification of salmonella infantis isolated from backyard chickens and the detection of their antibiotic resistance genes. a total of 46 salmonella-suspected samples isolated from backyard chickens of northern iran were collected. serotyping was done by the traditional method and then confirmed by pcr. antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolates against 13 antimicrobial agents was determined by the standard disk diffusion method. there were 44 samples identified ... | 2015 | 27175192 |
| a prolonged outbreak of salmonella infantis associated with pork products in central germany, april-october 2013. | one of the largest and longest salmonella outbreaks in germany within the last 10 years occurred in central germany in 2013. to identify vehicles of infection, we analysed surveillance data, conducted a case-control study and food traceback. we identified 267 cases infected with salmonella infantis with symptom onset between 16 april and 26 october 2013 in four neighbouring federal states. results of our study indicated that cases were more likely to have eaten raw minced pork from local butcher ... | 2016 | 26593246 |
| outbreak of salmonella infantis gastroenteritis among people who had eaten at a hash house in southern italy. | to describe an outbreak of acute gastroenteritis in people who had eaten at a hash house in southern italy. | 2014 | 24856199 |
| quantification and characterization of salmonella spp. isolates in sewage sludge with potential usage in agriculture. | this study aims to scrutinize salmonella spp. and its serotypes in sewage sludge samples from wastewater treatment plants, and assesses the presence of virulence genes and antibiotics resistant to the profile. samples (n = 54) were collected and analyzed in accordance with the epa method 1682/2006. for positive serological reaction, 40 strains were selected for pcr analyses and detection of spvc, inva and ssel virulence genes, plasmid presence and resistance to antibiotics. | 2014 | 25927729 |
| effects of egg shell quality and washing on salmonella infantis penetration. | the vast majority of eggs in australia are washed prior to packing to remove dirt and fecal material and to reduce the microbial contamination of the egg shell. the egg contents can be an ideal growth medium for microorganisms which can result in human illness if eggs are stored improperly and eaten raw or undercooked, and it is estimated that egg-related salmonellosis is costing australia $44 million per year. egg shell characteristics such as shell thickness, amount of cuticle present, and thi ... | 2013 | 23727650 |
| organic acids for control of salmonella in different feed materials. | salmonella control in animal feed is important in order to protect animal and public health. organic acids is one of the control measures used for treatment of salmonella contaminated feed or feed ingredients. in the present study, the efficacy of formic acid (fa) and different blends of fa, propionic acid (pa) and sodium formate (sf) was investigated. four salmonella strains isolated from feed were assayed for their acid tolerance. also, the effect of lower temperatures (5°c and 15°c) compared ... | 2013 | 23597100 |
| notes from the field: multistate outbreak of salmonella infantis, newport, and lille infections linked to live poultry from a single mail-order hatchery in ohio--march-september, 2012. | in early 2012, three clusters of human salmonella infections were identified through pulsenet, a national network of public health and food regulatory agency laboratories coordinated by cdc that subtypes disease-causing organisms. initial investigations indicated many of the ill persons in these three clusters had contact with live poultry (e.g., chicks and ducklings) from a single mail-order hatchery; therefore, the three investigations were merged. during march 1-september 24, 2012, a total of ... | 2013 | 23515059 |
| [two multidrug-resistant salmonella infantis isolates behave like hypo-invasive strains but have high intracellular proliferation]. | in this work, plasmid-encoded virulence factors in two salmonella infantis isolates carrying multiresistance plasmids were investigated. in addition, their invasion and proliferative ability in non-phagocytic cells was studied. none of them showed the typical determinants of virulence plasmids (spy operon). the invasion assays of s. infantis isolates on eukaryotic cells showed a decreased ability to invade but they remained and proliferated in the cytoplasm regardless of having used a permissive ... | 2012 | 22997763 |
| recovery of salmonella from eggshell wash, eggshell crush, and egg internal contents of unwashed commercial shell eggs in australia. | the experiment was conducted to study the prevalence of salmonella spp. on the eggshell surface, eggshell membranes or pores, and in egg internal contents from unwashed eggs collected from commercial caged layer farms in australia. eggshell rinsate, shell crush, and egg internal contents (yolk and albumen) of eggs were processed for salmonella spp. salmonella infantis and salmonella subspecies 1, serotype 4,12:d were isolated from the eggshell surface. salmonella spp. were not isolated from any ... | 2012 | 22700522 |
| incidence, antimicrobial resistance, and molecular characteristics of nontyphoidal salmonella including extended-spectrum β-lactamase producers in retail chicken meat. | the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of salmonella in 100 chicken carcass samples from five integrated broiler operation brands in korea. serotypes, antibiotic resistance patterns, extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) genotype, and clonal divergence using multilocus sequence typing of the isolated strains were analyzed. a total of 42 chicken samples were contaminated with nontyphoidal salmonella (nts) isolates: 16 isolates (38%) were salmonella virchow, 9 (21%) were salmo ... | 2015 | 26555514 |
| notes from the field: human salmonella infantis infections linked to dry dog food--united states and canada, 2012. | cdc is collaborating with public health and agriculture officials in multiple states, the public health agency of canada, and the food and drug administration (fda) to investigate an outbreak of human salmonella infantis infections linked to direct or indirect contact with dry dog food. multiple brands of dry dog food produced by diamond pet foods at a single manufacturing facility in gaston, south carolina, have been linked to human illnesses. | 2012 | 22695384 |
| multidrug resistant clones of salmonella infantis of broiler origin in europe. | the aim of the study was to investigate the potential spread of the previously described multidrug-resistant (mdr) hungarian clone of salmonella infantis of broiler origin in europe. therefore, 76 strains isolated between 2004 and 2009 from raw meat and fecal samples of broiler origin in nine european countries - including hungary - were examined by phage typing, antimicrobial resistance typing, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) profile and plasmid analysis. the strains could be divided in ... | 2012 | 22564450 |