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brain abscess and cystic fibrosis.brain abscess has only recently been considered a complication of cystic fibrosis. three patients are reported here and a fourth cited from the literature. all of our patients were young adults with advanced pulmonary disease. the bacteria involved were mouth organisms and were found in the sputum culture in only one of the patients. resistance was present to previously given antibiotics. as patients with cystic fibrosis survive into adulthood, the risk of developing a brain abscess appears to i ...1979381618
gentamicin resistance in christchurch hospitals.prior to june 1976, the isolation of gentamicin resistant organisms was an infrequent occurrence in north canterbury hospital board institutions. during july 1976, 20 different gentamicin resistant organisms were isolated from patients in christchurch hospital. gentamicin resistant organisms hav e been continually isolated from an increasingly wide area since then. the organisms involved are: providence species; pseudomonas aeruginosa; klebsiella species; e coli; staphyloccus aureus; proteus mir ...1979381994
sa/i restriction endonuclease maps of fii incompatibility group r plasmids. 1979382200
[antagonistic interrelationships of bifidobacterium bifidum i proteus vulgaris in vitro in the digestive tract of gnotobiotic chicks].the antagonistic relations between bacterium bifidum, strain i/850 phi, and proteus vulgaris, strain f-30, were studied. these organisms, when introduced together in equal doses into the digestive tract of gnotobiotic chickens in a single administration, were shown to create certain ecological correlations in various organs with the prevalence of bifidobacteria which exerted no negative influence on proteus vulgaris. the additional daily administration of bifidobacteria for 3 days running in dos ...1979382712
[bactericidal kinetics of cefazolin, cefoxitin and amikacin alone and in combination (author's transl)].the in vitro activity of cefazolin, cefoxitin und amikacin alone and in combination was determined via membrane filtration against e. coli (n = 2), k. pneumoniae (n = 2) and of cefoxitin and amikacin against proteus vulgaris (n = 1). therapeutically achievable concentrations of cefazolin (10 micrograms/ml), cefoxitin (10 micrograms/ml) and amikacin (10 micrograms/ml) lead to a rapid bactericidal effect against all of our strains. the combination of cefazolin (10 micrograms/ml) and amikactin (5 m ...1978383106
[bacampicillin, a new semisynthetic antibiotic for oral administration in the treatment of urinary tract infections (author's transl)].the authors report the results obtained administering 2.4 g/die of bacampicillin in a group of 30 patients suffering from both primary and secondary infections of the genito-urinary tracts. the antibiotic displayed excellent tolerability and therapeutic effectiveness, determining in almost all the treated cases either the resolution or, at least, significant improvement of the inflammatory course; only two patients, as a matter of fact, showed mild side effects.1978383112
cyclacillin: in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic bacteria.cyclacillin at 50 microgram/ml inhibited streptococci (100%), shigella (72%), and bacteroides (b) fragilis ss fragilis (84%). at 100 microgram/ml it inhibited proteus (75%), b. fragilis (86%), and e. coli (50%). cyclacillin was more effective than ampicillin against beta-lactamase-producing h. influenzae. the activity of cyclacillin was found to be more enhanced when tested in nutrient agar and mueller-hinton agar than in brain heart infusion agar.1979383419
outer membrane proteins of smooth and rough strains of proteus mirabilis.the outer membranes of the smooth proteus mirabilis s1959 strain and its rough r13, r110, r51 and r45 mutants were isolated by sonication of the cells and sucrose density gradient centrifugation. the outer membrane of the rough strains had a lower density than that of their parent smooth strain, but the protein-to-phospholipid ratios were the same. the electrophoretic patterns of outer membrane polypeptides of the s and r strains in sodium dodecylsulfate/polyacrylamide gels were identical, with ...1979383481
[experience with sisomicin in pediatrics (author's transl)].sisomicin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic, is especially effective against escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter, serratia, indole-positive and indole-negative proteus species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella and staphylococcus aureus. it has a bactericidal action. although sisomicin is similar to the other aminoglycoside antibiotics, there is not complete cross-resistance to them. our own pharmacokinetic investigations showed that a dose of 2--3 mg/kg body weight of sisomicin ...1979383623
patterns of mobilization of the proteus mirabilis chromosome by r plasmids.r plasmids r40a, rip69, r447b, r769 belonging to incompatibility groups a-c, m, n, v, respectively, were investigated for chromosomal mobilizing ability in proteus mirabilis. plasmids r40a, rip69 and r447b mediated polarized transfer of markers in a clockwise direction from origins near tyr-1, metf and ser-2, respectively, on the linkage map. the recovery frequency per donor cell of proximal markers approached 1 x 10(-4) for these three plasmids and the efficiency of chromosomal transfer was hig ...1979383888
comparative study of cefaclor and amoxicillin in treatment of urinary tract infection.cefaclor or amoxicillin was given to 51 randomly assigned patients with urinary tract infections. inclusion in the study required two pretreatment urine cultures yielding the same organism (susceptible to both antibiotics) in concentrations greater than or equal to 10(5)/ml. both drugs were administered as 250 mg. orally every eight hours for ten days. cefaclor was given to 27 patients and amoxicillin to 24. most patients in both groups had negative urine cultures at five to nine days and four t ...1979384643
[phobic motility responses to light and darkness in proteus bacteria (author's transl)]. 1979384717
[the anodically moving thermolabile antigen (ata) of gram negative bacteria. protection of mice by immunization with ata (author's transl)].mice are protected against lethal doses of salmonella typhi-murium by vaccination with ata extracted from providencia. no protective effect is observed when the s. typhi-murium strains are enterotoxigenic. thus protection is antibacterial, but not antitoxic.1979384750
[comparative study of the different media of enrichment and isolation for the identification of enteric pathogens (author's transl)].in the present study, were compared several media in use in diagnostic laboratory for the isolation of enteric pathogens. the aa. have remarked the efficiency of bacto-selenite f and of bacto-tt broth base hajna, for the enrichment; it is suggested the use of bacto agar and of bacto-hektoen enteric agar for the isolation.1979384940
covalent linkage of lipoprotein to peptidoglycan is not essential for outer membrane stability in proteus mirabilis.isolated rigis layers from proteus mirabilis harvested at different growth phases were degraded by endo-n-acetylmuramidase from chalaropsis b, and the degradation products were investigated. the results show the complete absence of covalently linked lipoprotein in exponential-phase cultures. stationary cells, however, possess covalently linked lipoprotein in amounts similar to those found in escherichia coli or salmonella typhimurium during all growth phases. the overall peptidoglycan structure ...1979384953
bactericidal activity of cefazedone.distinct bactericidal activity of (6r,7r)-7-(2-[3,5-dichloro-4-oxo-1(4h)-pyridyl]-acetamido)-3-([(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thio]methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-aza-bicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (cefazedone, refosporen) could be demonstrated in 2 staphylococcus aureus and 3 escherichia coli strains. the effect was less in 1 strain of proteus mirabilis. whereas the activity in serum and bile was higher than in nutrient broth, the bactericidal activity in urine was less pronounced. the co ...1979385008
antibiotic activity of cefazedone in experimental pyelonephritis.the new cephalosporin derivative (6r,7r)-7-(2-[3,5-dichloro-4-oxo-1(4h)-pyridyl]-acetamido)-3-([(5-methyl-1,3,4-thiadiazol-2-yl)-thio]methyl)-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4,2,0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylic acid (cefazedone, refosporen) has been tested for antibacterial activity in the infection and therapy model of acute e. coli pyelonephritis in rats. the reference substance was cephalothin. the tests showed a superiority of cefazedone which, however, could not be clearly confirmed by the significance t ...1979385010
noncorrelation of lipid composition with antibiotic resistance in two genuses of enterobacteriaecae. 1979385485
experimental gram-negative bacterial sepsis: prevention of mortality not preventable by antibiotics alone.outbred swiss mice were inoculated intraperitoneally or intravenously with one 90 to 100% lethal dose of escherichia coli o:18, proteus mirabilis, or klebsiella pneumoniae. after carefully timed intervals, aminoglycoside antibiotics were begun at dosages nnd intervals predetermined to constitute optimal therapy. with progressive increases in delay of antibiotic therapy, mortality rates increased progressively from 0% to 90 to 100%. standardized models of infection were developed by selecting del ...1979385500
nuclear transplantation studies in amoeba proteus. 1979385539
bacteriostasis of escherichia coli by milk. iv. the bacteriostatic antibody of human milk.bacteriostatic activity for milk-sensitive and milk-resistant strains of escherichia coli is reduced when iga is removed from milk by precipitation. lysozyme is not involved in bacteriostasis and can be removed without loss of activity; heavy bentonite absorption however removes some lactoferrin causing partial loss of activity. the heat-labile antigen eliciting bacteriostatic antibody for e. coli is present in milk-sensitive and milk-resistant strains and in some other enterobacteriaceae, e.g. ...1979385767
[experimental study of the protective activity of proteus antigenic complexes per se and in association with various staphylococcal vaccines]. 1979386659
a double-blind trial of single-dose chemoprophylaxis with co-trimoxazole during vaginal hysterectomy and repair.twenty-five patients received 10 ml co-trimoxazole (800 mg sulphamethoxazole and 160 mg trimethoprim) and 25 a placebo by intravenous infusion during one hour from the commencement of surgery for vaginal hysterectomy with anterior colporrhaphy and posterior colpo-perineorrhaphy. single-dose chemoprophylaxis with co-trimoxazole was shown to be effective in reducing the incidence of postoperative febrile morbidity and urinary tract infection, especially that caused by proteus species.1979387070
influence of tungstate on the formation and activities of four reductases in proteus mirabilis: identification of two new molybdo-enzymes: chlorate reductase and tetrathionate reductase. 1979387443
degradation of even-numbered reduced and non-reduced hyaluronate oligosaccharides with d-glucuronic acid or n-acetyl-d-glucosamine as non-reducing terminal by chondroitin abc and ac lyases.chondroitin abc and ac lyases split hexosaminidic linkages in galactosaminoglycans and hyaluronic acid. even-numbered oligosaccharides from hyaluronic acid with either d-glucuronic acid or n-acetylglucosamine in non-reducing position were used, prior to and after reduction with sodium borohydride, as substrates for chondroitin abc and ac lyases. these substrates allowed elucidation of the effects of the nearest neighborhood of the bond to be split on the action of the enzymes. the results indica ...1979387569
requirements of immunoglobulin and the classical and alternative complement pathways for phagocytosis and intracellular killing of multiple strains of gram-negative aerobic bacilli.the requirements for immunoglobulin and the alternative and classical complement pathways for phagocytosis and intracellular killing of clinical isolates of escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella pneumoniae, and serratia marcescens by normal human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were determined. human sera deficient in immunoglobulin or classical pathway activity, or both, were compared for their ability to promote phagocytosis os and killing of 13 bacterial strains by the polymorphonuclea ...1979387613
gentamicin for treatment of resistant urinary tract infections in dogs.gentamicin was administered parenterally for 6 days to 43 dogs with urinary tract infections. the daily dosage of 6.6 mg/kg (3 mg/lb) was divided into equal parts and given im or sc at 8-hour intervals. dogs selected for treatment with gentamicin had urinary infections that had not responded to treatment with other antimicrobial agents or had bacterial isolates from urine that were resistant to several antimicrobial agents on in vitro susceptibility tests. response to treatment, defined as negat ...1979387689
the amino acid sequence of the trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase specified in escherichia coli by r-plasmid r67.the amino acid sequence of a trimethoprim-resistant dihydrofolate reductase (ec 1.5.1.3) specified by the r-plasmid r67 is described. the sequence was deduced from automatic and manual sequence analysis of the intact protein, the fragments produced by cyanogen bromide cleavage, and peptides derived from the largest cyanogen bromide fragment by digestion with trypsin, staphylococcus aureus v8 proteus, chymotrypsin, and lysobacter enzymogenes alpha-lytic protease. the complete sequence comprises 7 ...1979387758
urinary tract infections in males. 1979387937
the treatment of infection stones with penicillin.the use of oral penicillin therapy is important in the management of renal stones secondary to proteus mirabilis urinary tract infections. in 16 of 20 patients (80 per cent) with struvite renal calculi infected with proteus mirabilis a sterile urine was achieved with appropriate penicillin therapy and diminution in stone size occurred in at least 2 cases. the rationale, supporting data and therapeutic uses are discussed.1979387982
[intestinal microflora makeup of astronauts before and after space flights].the composition of the intestinal microflora of 12 cosmonauts was studied before and after space missions of varying duration. changes in the intestinal microbial coenosis were found prelaunch. the pattern of changes did not vary with an increase in space flight duration. the use of special prophylactic measures exerted a positive effect on intestinal microecology. bifidobacteria and lactobacilli showed the greatest changes inflight. therefore, it seems important to arrange preflight sanation of ...1979388069
a case of renal carbuncle. 1978388281
[gingival diseases and bacterial flora found in tooth and gingiva smears in examined primary schoolchildren]. 1977388740
urease stones.urinary stones form as a consequence of urinary supersaturation. supersaturation occurs as a result of elevated concentrations of urinary solutes. dietary, metabolic, endocrine, hereditary, and infectious processes alter urinary solute concentrations. struvite (mgnh4po. 6h2o) and carbonate-apatite [ca10(po4)6co3] stones form in urine that becomes supersaturated as a by-product of the hydrolysis of urea by the bacterial enzyme urease. urease-induced stones manifest primarily as branched renal cal ...1979388798
australian evaluation of autobac i with suggested interpretive and technical modifications.autobac i, a recently introduced semiautomated method for rapid antibiotic susceptibility testing, has been evaluated by comparison with the calibrated dichotomous sensitivity disk diffusion technique, which is routinely used in many australian hospitals. only the most common clinical isolates, staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., and proteus mirabilis, were included in this evaluation, and an overall interpretive agreement of 93% was obtained. however, an unusually high rate ...1979389157
mössbauer spectroscopic studies of iron in proteus mirabilis.mössbauer measurements of proteus mirabilis cells grown in 57fe-enriched media show that considerable quantities of iron are incorporated, particularly in the stationary phase of growth. a major part of the iron is in a form which shows magnetically split spectra at low temperatures. fractionation of cells reveals that iron is present in both the soluble and particulate fractions, with the larger proportion being found in the soluble fraction. the iron in the particulate fraction is predominantl ...1979389630
secretory iga does not enhance the bacteriostatic effects of iron-binding or vitamin b12-binding proteins in human colostrum.human milk contains an unsaturated iron-binding protein (lactoferrin) and an unsaturated vitamin b12-binding protein. lactoferrin has bacteriostatic properties, and a bacteriostatic role for the b12-binding protein has been postulated. in this study the bacteriostatic effect of lactoferrin was confirmed for strains of escherichia coli, pseudomonas and proteus. growth inhibition attributable to the unsaturated b12-binding protein could be demonstrated only with a known vitamin b12-dependent e. co ...1979389788
bacteriological study of diarrhoea in infancy and childhood (part i). 1979389801
[antibacterial activity of cefotaxim in comparison with seven cephalosporins].the antibacterial activity of cefotaxim and seven cephalosporins was determined in 1,112 fresh isolates using the microdilution technique. all of the cephalosporins tested were ineffective against enterococci. cefalotin was the most effective agent against staphylococcus aureus. cefaclor was superior to cephalexin against escherichia coli and proteus mirabilis, and thus inhibited 20% more enterobacteriaceae. cefazolin was as effective as cefamandole against e. coli. cefuroxime and cefoxitin were ...1979389804
in vitro comparison of synergism between cefamandole and gentamicin or tobramycin by the triple layer agar method with enzymatic inactivation.a synergistic effect was shown with gentamicin and tobramycin by means of a triple layer agar technique and enzymatic inactivation of cefamandole after only four hours' incubation. when the strain is sensitive to cefamandole and aminoglycosides, synergy is observed against all the strains studied (staphylococcus aureus, proteus, klebsiella, escherichia coli, enterobacter, and haemophilus influenzae). no significant difference was noted between the cefamandole-tobramycin and the cefamandole-genta ...1979389805
in vitro investigations with fosfomycin on mueller-hinton agar with and without glucose-6-phosphate.determination of the minimal inhibitory concentration of fosfomycin in the agar dilution test on mueller-hinton agar showed that the addition of glucose-6-phosphate to the nutrient medium potentiates the action of fosfomycin against escherichia coli, klebsiella, enterobacter, citrobacter and staphylococcus aureus, sometimes by as much as 256-fold. such a potentiation of action was not detectable with serratia marcescens, the individual proteus species, pseudomonas aeruginosa or enterococci. fosf ...1979389806
the effects of chemicals and radiations within the cell: an ultrastructural and micrurgical study using amoeba proteus as a single-cell model. 1979389869
application of the fortner principle to isolation of campylobacter from stools.a simple biological technique for reducing oxygen tension which does not necessitate the use of conventional anaerobic equipment is described. we successfully applied this method to the isolation of campylobacters from stools.1979389951
effect of antibiotics on the adherence of enterobacteriaceae to human buccal cells.antibiotics at bacteriostatic concentrations (four times the minimal inhibitory concentration) decreased the attachment of enterobacteriaceae to human buccal cells in vitro and augmented the reversibility of such adherence. these actions of antibiotics may influence colonization by nosocomial bacteria and the subsequent infection that they cause.1979390065
primary structure of a chloramphenicol acetyltransferase specified by r plasmids.naturally occurring isolates of chloramphenicol-resistant bacteria commonly synthesise chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (ec 2.3.28; cat) in amounts which are sufficient to account for the resistance phenotype and often harbour plasmids which carry the structural gene for cat. the findings of cat in such diverse prokaryotes as proteus mirabilis, agrobacterium tumefaciens, streptomyces sp., and a soil flavobacterium has led to speculation concerning the origin and evolution of the more commonly o ...1979390404
[investigations on combined injuries, 26th communication: investigations on the changes in the state of resistance following sublethal whole-body irradiation (author's transl)].the risk of a bacterial invasion by pseudomonas, e. coli, proteus, citrobacter and gaffkya via an open skin wound was investigated in combined injured mice (infliction of a skin wound and irradiations). suspensions of different bacterial strains were applied on the wound and then the lethality was determined. besides of apathogenic (citrobacter, proteus, gaffkya) and high pathogenic bacteria (e. coli and pseudomonas) an e. coli strain of the 0-group 81 was found that seems to induce a decrease o ...1979390775
["in vitro" and "in vivo" antibacterial activity of a new synthetic antibiotic cinoxacin].the authors have conducted the experimental studies tending to valuate the antibacterial activity in vitro and in vivo of cinoxacin versus that demonstrated by nalidixic acid. the obtained results demonstrate the cinoxacin presents a similar antibacterial activity to that of nalidixic acid.1979391252
the nature of the genetic determinant for the shv-1 beta-lactamase.in two unrelated plasmids of incompatibility groups fii and n the gene for the shv-1 beta-lactamase exists as part of a transposable element of molecular weight 9.5 megadaltons. this transposon has moved onto plasmids of at least three incompatibility groups; pi, ialpha and j. this confirms the suggestion that the recent spread of the shv-1 beta-lactamase has been associated with the transposition of the genetic determinant of this enzyme between unrelated plasmids.1979392225
aetiological factors in infection following open retrograde intramedullary nailing of the femur. 1979392488
effect of long-term tetracycline exposure (drinking water additive) on antibiotic-resistance of aerobic gram-negative intestinal flora of rats.a study was undertaken to determine the effect of 2 years of intermittent administration of tetracycline in drinking water on antibiotic resistance in the aerobic gram-negative enterobacteria of rats in a closed colony. the bacterial isolates examined were resistant to tetracycline and streptomycin. minimal inhibitory concentrations of tetracycline and streptomycin for intestinal organisms were similar in all of the animals, regardless of whether the animals were sampled while they were given dr ...1979393143
differentiation of selected enterobacteriaceae by pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography.pyrolysis-gas-liquid chromatography was used to differentiate selected species of enterobacteriaceae. individual cultures of salmonella typhi, hafnia alvei, and proteus vulgaris, and 12 strains of yersinia enterocolitica were grown in nutrient broth. after harvest and lyophilization, the bacterial samples were pyrolyzed at 900 degrees c, and their volatile fractions were separated on a 50-m capillary column coated with carbowax 20m. the resulting pyrolysis elution patterns (pyrograms) of the fou ...1979393169
dna repair in proteus mirabilis. vi. plasmid (r46-) mediated recovery and uv mutagenesis.the expression of plasmid r46-mediated recovery and mutagenic function (s) was studied in p. mirabilis, which is normally either weakly or non-mutable after uv exposure. the plasmid was found to confer on p. mirabilis enhanced uv resistance as well as uv-induced mutability for various types of forward mutations and reversion of the thr273 mutation. the plasmid enhanced survival of uv-irradiated phages in p. mirabilis both in unirradiated host cells and with increased efficiency after uv-exposure ...1979393956
[effect of norsulfazole on the fatty acid makeup of enterobacteria]. 1979393968
prostaglandin formation in bacteria.we report here that intact gram positive and gram negative bacteria, in the presence of exogenous arachidonic acid, produce and release pge2 and pgf2 alpha into the medium as measured by radioimmunoassay. the seven bacterial strains so far studied release 6.5-50.9 ng pge2 and less than 0.02-0.51 ng pgf2 alpha per mg bacterial protein during a 1 hour incubation, quantities of the same order of magnitude as those observed in mammalian systems. pge2 and pgf2 alpha formation in bacteria are inhibite ...1979394198
effect of clavulanic acid and amoxycillin formulation against beta-lactamase producing gram-negative bacteria in urinary tract infections. 1979395156
[recent acquisitions concerning pathogenic enterobacteria].a subdivision of enterobacteria is made into classic pathogens and saprophytic species which become opportunistic agents of various syndromes. after a review of the epidemiological situation in central italy regarding salmonellosis and shigellosis, an analysis of the e. coli types involved in the enteritis syndromes is carried out. other topics discussed in the article are the sistemic infections by serratia, kelbsiella, enterobacter and proteus strains; moreover the causative agents of urinary ...1978395563
[bacteremia associated with subfebril urinary tract infections (author's transl)].blood samples of 115 patients of both sexes admitted to the hospital with urinary tract infections were examined for bacteremia. out of 115 patients 12 (10%) had positive blood cultures associated with significant urinary counts (greater than or equal to 10(5) organisms/ml). although 10% of the patients showed positive blood cultures indicating bacteremia none of them had shaking chills, fever or any other clinical signs of septicaemia. none of the patients from whom blood samples were taken had ...1979396229
bacteriological mycological and parasitological study in childhood diarrhoeas in bikaner (western rajasthan). 1979396251
comparative bactericidal effect of ceforanide (bl-s 786) and five other cephalosporins in an in vitro pharmacokinetic model.the bactericidal activity of ceforanide was compared, in an in vitro kinetic model, with that of five other cephalosproins: cephalothin, cefazolin, cefamandole, cefuroxime, and cefoxitin. cultures of various pathogens in 95% human serum were incubated for 12 hours in the presence of the cephalosporins whose concentrations were modified periodically-by addition of a concentrated solution of drug or dilution with unmedicated serum-in order to simulate the variation of antibiotic concentration in h ...1979396292
reversion to bacillary form of proteus mirabilis spheroplasts induced by ampicillin: scanning electron microscopic study. 1979396346
proteus mirabilis phage 5006m: a physical characterization.this report deals with physical characterization of the generalized transducing proteus mirabilis phage 5006m. the morphology of the phage is presented, the buoyant density was determined (1.491 g/ml) and the g + c content of the phage dna was found to be 44%. the phage genome has a length of 14.8 micrometers and mol. wt. of 30.7 x 10(6). denaturation mapping revealed non-random circular permutation of the phage dna. the genome exhibits 3.6% terminal redundancy as shown by homoduplex analysis. t ...1979396360
the effects and significance of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics.subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics cause structural alterations in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and, in certain instances, reduce growth of bacteria, enhance phagocytosis, increase the bactericidal activity of human serum, and induce production of beta-lactamase from gram-negative bacilli. extrapolation of these in vitro effects to infection in humans is difficult but appears to be most appropriate in patients who receive synergistic combinations of antibiotics.1979396633
effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations of antibiotics in experimental infections.the antibacterial effects of subminimal inhibitory concentrations (sub-mics) of antibiotics were studied in two animal models. in mice, the oral cephalosporin cgp 9000 was effective in 11 of 20 different gram-negative infections and cephalexin was effective in one of these infections, both at 50% effective doses (ed(50)) that produced peak concentrations of drug in plasms equal to one-half to one-sixteenth the minimal inhibitory concentration (mic) for the infecting organism. in gram-positive in ...1979396639
vibrio alginolyticus infections in humans.two clinical isolates of vibrio alginolyticus from new jersey are reported, one from a mixed stump infection and the other grown in pure culture from the conjunctival discharge of a man with conjunctivitis. the biochemical characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities of these two isolates are presented. human infections caused by v. alginolyticus are reviewed.1979397221
ten years' experience in general practice of dip-slide urine culture in children under five years old.of 567 children under five registered with an industrial general practice over a 10-year period, 559 presented with symptoms of ill health in the first five years of life, and of these, 158 (27.9 per cent of those registered) had urine cultured using the dip-slide method. thirty-four (12.3 per cent) girls and 23 (7.9 per cent) boys had at least one episode of significant bacteriuria. two boys and three girls were found to have radiological abnormalities of the genito-urinary tract, of which two ...1979397343
[role of bacterial endotoxins in the tourniquet shock in rats].by means of the lead acetate endotoxin sensitising method it was possible to demonstrate the development of endotoxaemia in tourniquet ischaemia of rats. the lethality of shock was greatly reduced by retreatment with radio-detoxified endotoxin (tolerin). prelinary liquidation of the gram-negative enceroflora caused a similar reduction of lethality. on the basis of the results endotoxaemia of intestinal origin triggered by the vasoactive substances liberated during ischaemia and reaching the circ ...1978398121
a comparison of the in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin, cefuroxime, and cephalothin against 810 clinical isolates.810 strains of eight species: staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella sp, enterobacter sp, proteus mirabilis and proteus vulgaris, were tested by the disc diffusion method against cephalothin and cefuroxime. the activity of the two drugs was comparable to s aureus and s epidermidis, and a little in favour of cefuroxime regarding s faecalis. cefuroxime turned out to be superior to cephalothin against the gram negative rods investigat ...1979398460
[on the contamination of the citric acid fermentation. i. the contamination by representatives of enterobacteriaceae (author's transl)].among the most dangerous bacterial contaminations of the citric acid fermentation is the so-called brown contamination, which is called forth by non pathogenic representatives of enterobacteriaceae like escherichia coli, aerobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae and proteus vulgaris, while other bacteria do not produce the mentioned contamination. there is given a comprehensive characterization of the brown contamination. enterobacteriaceae interrupt the growth of the mycelium of the mold asper ...1979398647
[on the contamination of the citric acid fermentation. ii. sodium 5-nitrofurylacrylate as an antiseptic against representatives of the enterobacteriaceae (author's transl)].in context with the first communication which deals with the characterization of the so-called brown contamination called forth by enterobacteriaceae in the citric acid fermentation of molasses, the present paper describes the screening of antiseptic substances able to suppress the contamination mentioned without damaging the normal growth of the producing mould aspergillus niger and its ability of producing citric acid. among the substances tested the sodium salt of 5-nitrofurylacrylic acid (5- ...1979398648
progress in space biology.over the past two decades there has arisen a new branch of biology--space biology. this short review is devoted to a discussion of its achievements. it considers the results of research in the area of gravitation biology, and an account is made of studies in those areas of radiobiology which have relevance to the study of the cosmos. there is a brief summary of the results of the search for the upper and lower limits of the biosphere, and information is presented regarding the measures employed ...1979398718
[evaluation of antimicrobial activity of indol alkaloids].in pursuing the study of the antimicrobial properties of alkaloids prepared from cuban plants the activity of 10 indol alkaloids and 4 semisynthetic variables obtained from three plants--catharanthus roseus g. don., vallesia antillana wood and ervatamia coronaria staph, of the family apocynaceae--growing in cuba was assessed in vitro. the alkaloids and the variables used were catharantine, vindoline, vindolinine, perivine, reserpine, tabernaemontanine, tetrahydroalstonine, aparicine, vindolinic ...1979399043
[bacteriuria, urinary infection and pyelonephritis: critical analysis of the results obtained during the years 1958-1978. part ii]. 1979399056
[bacteriuria, urinary infection and pyelonephritis. part iii (author's transl)]. 1979399058
[resistance of gram-negative bacteria against cefaclor and other antibiotics (author's transl)].five hundred and eighty-six strains of eight species of enterobacteriaceae were tested for their resistance against cefaclor, cefamandole, cephalothin, ampicillin, mezocillin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole. cefaclor showed a low rate of resistance against escherichia coli (1.2%), klebsiella (2%) and proteus mirabilis (3.1%), but a high rate of resistance against indole-positive proteus species (60%) and serratia (80%). cefamandole was also effective against cefaclor and ampicillin resistant st ...1979399243
[the antibacterial efficacy of cefaclor against bacteria resistant to ampicillin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole (author's transl)].the antibacterial activity of the new oral cephalosporin cefaclor was investigated using 623 freshly isolated bacterial strains. a high degree of efficacy of cefaclor was noticed against escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis and klebsiella. nearly all strains which were sensitive to ampicillin, tetracycline and co-trimoxazole were also inhibited by cefaclor. some of the strains resistant to the three above-mentioned antibiotics were also sensitive to cefaclor as follows: all of ten p. mirabilis st ...1979399244
[bacteriological in vitro investigations with cefaclor. correlation of inhibition zone diameter and minimal inhibitory concentration (author's transl)].a comparison of the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic) of cefaclor and cephalexin shows that cefaclor is noticeably superior against citrobacter. enterobacter and proteus mirabilis. only slight differences are seen against other enterobacteria and staphylococcus aureus. both cefaclor and cephalexin are completely ineffective against enterococci and pseudomonas aeruginosa. regression analysis to correlate the inhibition zone diameter and mic of cefaclor produced a very good correlation (r = ...1979399245
influence of culture medium of the fatty-acid profile in enteric bacteria.enteric bacteria having a high content of cyclopropane fatty acids steeply increase their synthesis when grown on insufficiently propitious culture media (meat-peptone agar or modified drobot'ko synthetic medium) as compared with bacteria grown under more favourable conditions (meat-peptone broth). simultaneously, a decrease in monounsaturated fatty acids and increase in palmitic acid are observed. one of the main factors underlying the change in the proportion of fatty acids in bacteria grown o ...1979399287
[researches on some biochemical and serological properties and on the sensitivity to antibiotics of l-forms of "proteus" (author's transl)].the possibility to keep some biochemical reactions of the parent strains (urease-positive, glucose fermentation, phenylalanine-deaminase-positive, h2s but not indol production) was demonstrated in 5 l-forms, obtained from as many strains of pr. mirabilis and in 1 l-form, isolated from a vaginal secretion and identified as belonging to the same species. the indirect hemagglutination technique, made by the sonicated antigen in 3 of the 6 l-forms with proteus oxk antiserum, resulted positive in tit ...1979400087
[the role of amikacin in conditions requiring chemotherapy with aminoglycoside antibiotics]. 1979400151
[bacterial resistance in the infections from gram-negative bacilli in a long-term hospital (author's transl)].after considering the different reasons that make the problem of bacterial resistance of gram-negative bacilli to antibiotics of great interest in a long-term hospital, the aa. present their cases. they point out how the strains isolated by them offer an antibiotic resistance which is decidedly superior to the one described in other researches. one thing seems to be noteworthy in their opinion: the bacterial resistance of the germs isolated from the urine is bigger than the one of the germs isol ...1979400255
in vitro and in vivo studies with bl-s786, cefoxitin, and cefamandole.the in vitro antimicrobial activities of bl-s786, cefoxitin, and cefamandole against 90 isolates of enterobacteriaceae, including escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes, were studied by using an agar dilution procedure. comparison of geometric mean minimal inhibitory concentrations showed that bl-s786 was half as active as cefamandole against enterobacter species, 2 to 4 times more active than cefamandole against all other species, and 4 ...1978400821
infections due to endemic, multiply resistant gram-negative rods: sensitivity to and therapy with cefoxitin.a nosocomial outbreak of infections due to bacteria resistant to multiple antibiotics evolved into an endemic prevalence of several antibiotic-resistant gram-negative rods. the resistance of these bacteria to available beta-lactam antibiotics, a variety of broad-spectrum agents, and available aminoglycosides other than amikacin led to an evaluation of cefoxitin, a beta-lactamase-resistant cephamycin. most multiply resistant isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, and proteus mira ...1979400932
cefoxitin and cephamycins: microbiological studies.the cephamycins are a family of beta-lactam antibiotics that are produced by actinomycetes and are structurally similar to the cephalosporins. they are characterized by the presence of a 7-alpha-methoxyl group, which confers unusually high resistance to beta-lactamases. cefoxitin, the first semisynthetic cephamycin, is resistant to almost all beta-lactamases. cefoxitin retains the 3-carbamoyl group of cephamycin c and thus has excellent metabolic stability. cefoxitin is bactericidal and almost d ...1979400941
susceptibility to fosfomycin of hospital strains isolated in nantes (france). frequency of mutation to resistance.susceptibility of 760 bacterial isolates to fosfomycin has been determined by the agar dilution method. the mics of 364 strains have been determined by comparison of agar alone and agar plus glucose-6-phosphate. this later enhances the activity of fosfomycin. lastly, we studied frequency of mutation toward resistance for 109 susceptible strains. we obtained 88 stable mutants.1977401717
r plasmids coding for gentamicin, tobramycin, and carbenicillin resistance in serratia, klebsiella and escherichia coli strains from a single clinical source.serratia marcescens, klebsiella sp. and escherichia coli strains bearing transferable resistance to aminoglycoside antibiotics, namely, gentamicin, tobramycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, lividomycin, and carbenicillin, as well as to a series of more classical drugs, began to emerge in materials from the frankfurt university hospital. plasmids from serratia, klebsiella, and e. coli exhibit a broad host range in that they are transferable to e. coli, proteus mirabilis and salmonella typhimurium rece ...1977401718
fosfomycin, antimicrobial activity in vitro and in vivo.antibacterial activities of fosfomycin were investigated both in vitro and in vivo for the purpose of comparative evaluation on its fundamental properties with other antimicrobial agents. the mic was determined with nutrient agar (difco) inoculated with one loopful of 1,000-fold dilution (about 10(6) cells/ml) of bacterial suspension cultured overnight in nutrient broth. this substance showed antibacterial activity to most gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, being strongest to enterobacter ...1977401721
evolution of sensitivity to fosfomycin at jimenez diaz foundation.the sensitivity to fosfomycin of more than 8,000 strains of bacteria isolated from products recevied by the laboratory between 1972 and 1974 has been studied. some were studied by the dilution technique in a solid medium and the remainder was studied by diffusion. a single 50-mug disc was used and the strains inhibited by concentrations of less than 64 mug/ml or with inhibition halos of 15 mm diameter or more were considered sensitive. it is clear from this study that there are no significant ch ...1977401722
the metabolism of starch, glucose, amino acids, purines, pyrimidines and bacteria by the rumen ciliate polyplastron multivesiculatum.the large rumen ciliate protozoon polyplastron multivesiculatum grown in vitro engulfed a wide range of bacteria (from a population density of 10(9) bacteria ml(-1)) at a rate of 1500 to 137000 bacteria h(-1) protozoon(-1). no evidence was found for the preferential engulfment of bacteria of rumen origin. except for proteus mirabilis none of the bacteria were digested with the liberation of soluble materials into the medium. glucose and amino acids were taken up rapidly by p. multivesiculatum co ...1977401868
in vitro activity of netilmicin, gentamicin, and amikacin.the in vitro activity of netilmicin (sch 20569), a new semisynthetic derivative of gentamicin, was compared with that of gentamicin and amikacin. one hundred and ninety-two clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and staphylococcus aureus were tested using both agar and broth dilution techniques. netilmicin was comparable to gentamicin, with the following exceptions: (i) for serratia marcescens and p. aeruginosa, gentamicin was more active than netilmicin; (ii) all strai ...1977402104
[antibacterial activity of rifampicin against the causative agents of suppurative, septic diseases].the antibacterial activity of rifampicin was studied in comparison with other antibiotics with respect to clinical strains isolated from cases with various purulent inflammatory processes caused by staphylococcus, e. coli, ps. aeruginose, proteus. the aim of the study was to define the role of rifampicin in the treatment of the above infections. no rifampicin resistant strains were found among staphylococci belonging to the phenotype carrying the determinants of resistance to 2-8 antibiotics. ri ...1977402885
[antibiotic sensitivity of proteus, pseudomonas pyocyanea and staphyloccoci isolated from scleroma and ozena patients].antibiotic sensitivity of 292 strains of proteus, 60 strains of ps, aeruginosa, 309 strains of s. aureus and 88 strains of s. epidermidis isolated from the upper respiratory tract of patients with scleroma and ozena was studied. the cultures of pr. mirabilis were sensitive to aminoglucosides (54.9-96.2 per cent) and pr. morganii were sensitive to levomycetin (81.5 per cent) and neomycin (92.6 per cnet). sensitivity of pr. vulgaris and pr. morganii was reliably higher (p less than 0.001) than tha ...1977402886
[toxicity of bacterial polysaccharides (a review of the literature)]. 1977402887
immunochemical comparison of phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase-indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase among the enterobacteriaceae.the bifunctional enzyme of the tryptophan operon, phosphoribosylanthranilate isomerase-indoleglycerol phosphate synthetase (prai-ingps;ec 4.1.1.48), was characterized by an immunochemical study of six representative members of the enterobacteriaceae: escherichia coli, salmonella typhimurium, enterobacter aerogenes, serratia marcescens, erwinia carotovora, and proteus vulgaris. prai-ingps was purified from e. coli, and antisera were prepared in rabbits. these antisera were utilized in quantitativ ...1977403178
[problems of ambulatory pharmacotherapy. 8. a model for antibiotik-rank series in urinary tract infections]. 1977403689
[sensitivity of the wound microflora of oncological patients to some new antibiotics].sensitivity of the microflora of the oncological patients' wounds to the new antibiotics, such as gentamicin, kanamycin, oxacillin, ampicillin and lincomycin was studied with the help of the disc method. the discs with the above antibiotics were prepared under laboratory conditions in accordance with the respective instructions in the who. sensitivity of 429 bacterial cultures, including 98 cultures of pathogenic staphylocci, 45 cultures of enterococci, 43 hemolytic streptococci, 143 cultures of ...1977403854
[reservoir for bacteria of urinary tract infections in urologic patients (author's transl)].many infections of the urinary tract, especially after surgical treatment are nosocomial infections. the etiological bacteria could only be found in the urine of the infected patients and in the faecal flora of nearly 40% of all stationary patients. the so called "problem bacteria": klebsiella, proteus rettgeri, pseudomonas showed increasing drug resistance during the observed period between 1972-1975. the bacteria isolated from the faecal flora also showed multiple drug resistance. thus we conc ...1977404234
sensitivity of gram-negative bacteria to six aminoglycoside antibiotics.an in vitro study of the susceptibility of 201 newly isolated strains of gramnegative bacteria to six aminoglycoside antibiotics (kanamycin, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, sisomicin and netilmicin) was performed by the twofold dilution method in fluid medium. both the minimal inhibitory concentration and the minimal bacteridical concentration were determined. overall, tobramycin seemed the most effective of the drugs studied. netilmicin, the new derivative from sisomicin, compared favourably ...1977404254
[diagnosis of bacterial infections of the urinary tract].the aetiopathogenesis of bacterial infections of the urinary ways and the techniques used to isolate and identify the bacteria present in the urine are considered. the following aspects are covered: 1) introduction (clinical microbiology); 2) urine and bacterial multiplication; 3) diagnostic techniques in urinary way infections; 4) urine leucocyte count; 5) urine bacteria count; 6) guidelines for applying bacteriological research; 7) recurrent infections of the urinary ways; 8) diagnosis of the ...1977404596
[dynamics of the establishment of intestinal microflora in healthy full-term newborns].a study was made of the dynamics of establishment of the intestinal microflora in 79 healthy mature neonates born of healthy mothers. a total of 223 bacteriological examinations were conducted. a stable prevalence of bifidobacteria over the aerobic portion of the intestinal biocenosis occurred in all the children from the 8th day after birth. along with this the following bacteria were continuously present in the intestine: lactic bacilli and streptococci e. coli, enterococci and staphylococci; ...1977404808
antibacterial effects of metrizoate and metrizamide on bacterial growth in vitro.urinary pathogens were exposed in vitro to isopaque and amipaque in concentrations of 100 mg i/ml and 260 mg i/ml. both contrast media in the higher concentration had a slight or negligible bacteriostatic effect on some of the test bacteria. no bactericidal effect was detected. consequently, radiography of the urinary tract with these two media in the concentrations mentioned does not interfere with the culturing of bacteria from urine samples.1977404846
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