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[surveillance of in vitro susceptibilities to levofloxacin and various antibacterial agents for 11,762 clinical isolates obtained from 69 centers in 2013].antimicrobial susceptibility testing has been conducted continuously as postmarketing surveillance of levofloxacin (lvfx) since 1994. the present survey was undertaken to investigate in vitro susceptibilities of bacteria to 33 selected antibacterial agents, focusing on fluoroquinolones (fqs), using 11,762 clinical isolates for 19 species collected from 69 centers during 2013 in japan. the common respiratory pathogens streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus pneumoniae, moraxella catarrhalis, and ha ...201627290827
[susceptibility of clinically-isolated bacteria strains to respiratory quinolones and evaluation of antimicrobial agent efficacy by monte carlo simulation].respiratory quinolones (rqs) are broad-spectrum antimicrobial agents used for the treatment of a wide variety of community-acquired and nosocomial infections. however, bacterial resistance to quinolones has been on the increase. in this study, we investigated the predicted efficacy of rqs for various strains of 9 bacterial species clinically isolated at our university hospital using the monte carlo simulation (mcs) method based on pharmacokinetics/pharmacodynamics modeling. in addition, the infl ...201627290828
tigecycline antimicrobial activity tested against clinical bacteria from latin american medical centres: results from sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (2011-2014).bacterial organisms (n = 13,494) were consecutively collected in 2011-2014 from 21 latin american medical centres (11 nations). antimicrobial susceptibility was determined by broth microdilution at a central laboratory. tigecycline was very active against gram-positive organisms, with mic50/90 values of 0.06/0.06 µg/ml for staphylococcus aureus (n = 2878), 0.06/0.12 µg/ml for coagulase-negative staphylococci (n = 880), 0.06/0.06 µg/ml for enterococci (n = 708) and ≤0.03/≤0.03-0.06 µg/ml for stre ...201627291285
functional study of lysine decarboxylases from klebsiella pneumoniae in escherichia coli and application of whole cell bioconversion for cadaverine production.klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative, non-motile, rod-shaped, and encapsulated bacterium in the normal flora of the intestines, mouth, skin, and food, and has decarboxylation activity, which results in generation of diamines (cadaverine, agmatine, and putrescine). however, there is no specific information on the exact mechanism of decarboxylation in k. pnuemoniae. specifically lysine decarboxylases that generate cadaverine with a wide range of applications has not been shown. therefore, we p ...201627291676
antimicrobial activity of croton macrostachyus stem bark extracts against several human pathogenic bacteria.in kenya, leaves and roots from croton macrostachyus are used as a traditional medicine for infectious diseases such as typhoid and measles, but reports on possible antimicrobial activity of stem bark do not exist. in this study, the antibacterial and antifungal effects of methanol, ethyl acetate and butanol extracts, and purified lupeol of c. macrostachyus stem bark were determined against important human gram-negative pathogens escherichia coli, salmonella typhi, klebsiella pneumoniae, and ent ...201627293897
rhinoscleroma with pharyngolaryngeal involvement caused by klebsiella ozaenae.rhinoscleroma is a chronic, slowly progressive granulomatous bacterial infection that is endemic to the tropical world, namely, central america and africa. it is occasionally seen in the united states of america (usa). it predominately affects the nasal mucosa but can also involve the rest of the upper respiratory tract. the well-known causative agent for rhinoscleroma is the bacterium klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, a subspecies of klebsiella pneumoniae. however, klebsiella ozaenae can also, albei ...201627293924
first report of extended-spectrum β-lactamases among clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae in gaza strip, palestine.sixteen broad-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae isolates were recovered between april and june 2013 from palestinian hospitals, gaza strip. genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and other resistance genes were characterized by polymerase chain reaction and sequencing. the following β-lactamase genes were detected: blactx-m-15+ blashv1+ blatem-1 (six isolates), blactx-m-15+ blashv5+ blaoxa-1 (two isolates), blactx-m-14a (two isolates), blactx-m-15+ blashv33 ...201727294803
in vitro assessment of the antimicrobial efficacy of optimized nitroglycerin-citrate-ethanol as a nonantibiotic, antimicrobial catheter lock solution for prevention of central line-associated bloodstream infections.the rapid, broad-spectrum, biofilm-eradicating activity of the combination of 0.01% nitroglycerin, 7% citrate, and 20% ethanol and its potential as a nonantibiotic, antimicrobial catheter lock solution (acls) were previously reported. here, a nitroglycerin-citrate-ethanol (nice) acls optimized for clinical assessment was developed by reducing the nitroglycerin and citrate concentrations and increasing the ethanol concentration. biofilm-eradicating activity was sustained when the ethanol concentr ...201627297475
association between the presence of aminoglycoside-modifying enzymes and in vitro activity of gentamicin, tobramycin, amikacin, and plazomicin against klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase- and extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacter species.we compared the in vitro activities of gentamicin (gen), tobramycin (tob), amikacin (amk), and plazomicin (plz) against 13 enterobacter isolates possessing both klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase and extended-spectrum β-lactamase (kpc+/esbl+) with activity against 8 kpc+/esbl-, 6 kpc-/esbl+, and 38 kpc-/esbl- isolates. the rates of resistance to gen and tob were higher for kpc+/esbl+ (100% for both) than for kpc+/esbl- (25% and 38%, respectively), kpc-/esbl+ (50% and 17%, respectively), and kpc ...201627297487
heterologous expression of der homologs in an escherichia coli der mutant and their functional complementation.the unique escherichia coli gtpase der (double era-like gtpase), which contains tandemly repeated gtp-binding domains, has been shown to play an essential role in 50s ribosomal subunit biogenesis. the depletion of der results in the accumulation of precursors of 50s ribosomal subunits that are structurally unstable at low mg(2+) concentrations. der homologs are ubiquitously found in eubacteria. conversely, very few are conserved in eukaryotes, and none is conserved in archaea. in the present stu ...201627297882
simultaneous antibiofilm and antiviral activities of an engineered antimicrobial peptide during virus-bacterium coinfection.antimicrobial-resistant infections are an urgent public health threat, and development of novel antimicrobial therapies has been painstakingly slow. polymicrobial infections are increasingly recognized as a significant source of severe disease and also contribute to reduced susceptibility to antimicrobials. chronic infections also are characterized by their ability to resist clearance, which is commonly linked to the development of biofilms that are notorious for antimicrobial resistance. the us ...201727303744
biochemical and structural characterization of klebsiella pneumoniae oxamate amidohydrolase in the uric acid degradation pathway.hpxw from the ubiquitous pathogen klebsiella pneumoniae is involved in a novel uric acid degradation pathway downstream from the formation of oxalurate. specifically, hpxw is an oxamate amidohydrolase which catalyzes the conversion of oxamate to oxalate and is a member of the ntn-hydrolase superfamily. hpxw is autoprocessed from an inactive precursor to form a heterodimer, resulting in a 35.5 kda α subunit and a 20 kda β subunit. here, the structure of hpxw is presented and the substrate complex ...201627303801
roux-en-y gastric bypass surgery of morbidly obese patients induces swift and persistent changes of the individual gut microbiota.roux-en-y gastric bypass (rygb) is an effective means to achieve sustained weight loss for morbidly obese individuals. besides rapid weight reduction, patients achieve major improvements of insulin sensitivity and glucose homeostasis. dysbiosis of gut microbiota has been associated with obesity and some of its co-morbidities, like type 2 diabetes, and major changes of gut microbial communities have been hypothesized to mediate part of the beneficial metabolic effects observed after rygb. here we ...201627306058
epidemiology of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae colonization: a surveillance study at a turkish university hospital from 2009 to 2013.between june 2009 and december 2013, 4105 patients were screened for carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (cr-kp) colonization in a tertiary care university hospital. the antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance determinants of 279 (6.8%) cr-kp isolates from single patients were investigated. additional analysis was performed to evaluate the characteristics and various risk factors for infection in patients with colonization. of the 279 isolates, 270 harboured oxa-48-like enzymes, and a ...201627306118
antibiotic-induced gut microbiota disruption during human endotoxemia: a randomised controlled study.the gut microbiota is essential for the development of the intestinal immune system. animal models have suggested that the gut microbiota also acts as a major modulator of systemic innate immunity during sepsis. microbiota disruption by broad-spectrum antibiotics could thus have adverse effects on cellular responsiveness towards invading pathogens. as such, the use of antibiotics may attribute to immunosuppression as seen in sepsis. we aimed to test whether disruption of the gut microbiota affec ...201627307305
klebsiella pneumoniae: going on the offense with a strong defense.klebsiella pneumoniae causes a wide range of infections, including pneumonias, urinary tract infections, bacteremias, and liver abscesses. historically, k. pneumoniae has caused serious infection primarily in immunocompromised individuals, but the recent emergence and spread of hypervirulent strains have broadened the number of people susceptible to infections to include those who are healthy and immunosufficient. furthermore, k. pneumoniae strains have become increasingly resistant to antibioti ...201627307579
comparison of six commercial kits to extract bacterial chromosome and plasmid dna for miseq sequencing.we compared commercial kits for extraction of genomic dna from the gram-negative bacterium klebsiella pneumoniae for subsequent miseq sequencing. purification of dna was based on matrix binding (silica or anion exchange resin) or differential precipitation (salting out), respectively. the choice of extraction kit had little effect on sequencing quality and coverage across drastically different replicons, except for an apparent depletion of small plasmids (<5 kb) during precipitation-based extrac ...201627312200
antimicrobial resistance among pilgrims: a retrospective study from two hospitals in makkah, saudi arabia.to identify commonly reported community-acquired organisms and antimicrobial resistance patterns exhibited by gram-positive and gram-negative pathogens among pilgrims visiting emergency care departments in makkah.201627312582
evaluation and characterization of plasmids carrying ctx-m genes in a non-clonal population of multidrug-resistant enterobacteriaceae isolated from poultry in brazil.the increasing presence of esbl-producing bacteria in food-producing animals might impact on public health. in this study, esbl-producing enterobacteria were investigated in the microbiota of chickens produced in brazil. we detected blactx-m-2, blactx-m-8 and blactx-m-15 in 13 escherichia coli isolates, within 9 different pfge-types. escherichia fergusonii and klebsiella pneumoniae were found carrying blactx-m-2. plasmid inc groups found included repf, fib, fic, i1, y, b/o, a/c, k and hi1. f pla ...201627312692
first detection of vim-4-producing pseudomonas aeruginosa and oxa-48-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in northeastern (annaba, skikda) algeria.the aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence and molecular support of carbapenem resistance in gram-negative bacilli clinical isolates collected between march 2013 and march 2015 in three cities (annaba, skikda, and guelma) in northeastern algeria.201727314660
[epidemiology and prognosis of patients with bloodstream infection in 10 hospitals in colombia].knowing the local epidemiology and etiology of bloodstream infections allows tailoring the empirical initial antimicrobial therapy to obtain a better outcome for these episodes.201627314991
[colistin in the post-antibiotic era].one of the most important features of the post-antibiotic era in the late 20th century is the resurgence of colistin for the treatment of extensively drug resistant gram-negative bacteria (xdr). colistin is a narrow spectrum anti-biotic, active against microorganisms with clinical significance such as acinetobacter baumannii, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae. nowadays its toxicity is lower, partly explained by better pharmaceuticals and management of the critically ill patients. ...201627314994
solar photocatalysis as disinfection technique: inactivation of klebsiella pneumoniae in sewage and investigation of changes in antibiotic resistance profile.the presence of pathogenic microorganisms in wastewater and their resistant nature to antibiotics impose effective disinfection treatment for public health and environmental protection. in this work, photocatalysis with metal-doped titania under artificial and natural sunlight, chlorination and uv-c irradiation were evaluated for their potential to inactivate klebsiella pneumoniae in real wastewater. their overall effect on antibiotic resistance profile and target antibiotic resistance genes (ar ...201627316624
[antimicrobial susceptibility of gram-negative bacilli of community acquired intra-abdominal infections in a hospital at buenos aires, argentina].community acquired complicated intra-abdominal infections (ciai) are a common condition. few data are available about the level of antimicrobial resistance of gram-negative bacteria isolated from community acquired ciais in argentina.201627318458
biofilm inhibitory effect of chlorhexidine conjugated gold nanoparticles against klebsiella pneumoniae.klebsiella pneumoniae (k. pneumoniae) is one of the major pathogen associated with nosocomial infections, especially catheter associated urinary tract infections which involved biofilm formation. this study was designed to evaluate the antibiofilm efficacy of gold nanoparticle conjugated with chlorhexidine (au-chx) against k. pneumoniae isolates. au-chx was synthesized and analyzed for stability by using uv-visible spectrophotometry, atomic force microscopy (afm), fourier transform infrared spec ...201627321770
emergence and characterization of tigecycline resistance in multidrug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from blood samples of patients in intensive care units in northern china.serious infections in intensive care unit patients caused by multidrug-resistant (mdr) klebsiella pneumoniae represent a major threat worldwide owing to increased mortality and limited treatment options. with the application of tigecycline for mdr pathogens, tigecycline-non-susceptible k. pneumoniae isolates have recently emerged in china. to identify the susceptibility profile of mdr k. pneumoniae to tigecycline and evaluate the molecular characterization of tigecycline resistance, 214 mdr k. p ...201627324378
first report of a clinical isolate of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in brazil. 201627328614
performance evaluation of three automated identification systems in detecting carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) is prevalent around the world. rapid and accurate detection of cre is urgently needed to provide effective treatment. automated identification systems have been widely used in clinical microbiology laboratories for rapid and high-efficient identification of pathogenic bacteria. however, critical evaluation and comparison are needed to determine the specificity and accuracy of different systems. the aim of this study was to evaluate the performance of ...201627328762
high susceptibility of mdr and xdr gram-negative pathogens to biphenyl-diacetylene-based difluoromethyl-allo-threonyl-hydroxamate lpxc inhibitors.inhibitors of uridine diphosphate-3-o-(r-3-hydroxymyristoyl)-n-acetylglucosamine deacetylase (lpxc, which catalyses the first, irreversible step in lipid a biosynthesis) are a promising new class of antibiotics against gram-negative bacteria. the objectives of the present study were to: (i) compare the antibiotic activities of three lpxc inhibitors (lpc-058, lpc-011 and lpc-087) and the reference inhibitor chir-090 against gram-negative bacilli (including mdr and xdr isolates); and (ii) investig ...201627330072
decreasing level of resistance in invasive klebsiella pneumoniae strains isolated in marseille, january 2012-july 2015.klebsiella pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterial species well known for its capacity to cause infections in humans, and to carry and spread a wide variety of resistance genes including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase genes, carbapenem resistance genes, and colistin resistance genes. recently, our real-time laboratory-based surveillance system marss (the marseille antibiotic resistance surveillance system) allowed us to observe a intringing dramatic decrease in the beta-lactam resistance level ...201627330897
characterization of kpc-encoding plasmids from two endemic settings, greece and italy.global dissemination of kpc-type carbapenemases is mainly associated with the spread of high-risk clones of klebsiella pneumoniae and of kpc-encoding plasmids. in this study, we explored the population structure of kpc-encoding plasmids from the recent epidemics of kpc-producing k. pneumoniae (kpc-kp) in greece and italy, the two major european endemic settings.201627334661
evaluation of antibacterial activities of colistin, rifampicin and meropenem combinations against ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in 24 h in vitro time-kill experiments.to investigate the activity of colistin alone or in double and triple combination with rifampicin and meropenem against ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae.201627334665
mobilization of carbapenemase-mediated resistance in enterobacteriaceae.there has been a dramatic increase in the last decade in the number of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae, often leaving patients and their providers with few treatment options and resultant poor outcomes when an infection develops. the majority of the carbapenem resistance is mediated by bacterial acquisition of one of three carbapenemases (klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase [kpc], oxacillinase-48-like [oxa-48], and the new delhi metallo-β-lactamase [ndm]). each of these enzymes has a uni ...201627337454
preparation and release study of triclosan in polyethylene/triclosan anti-bacterial blend.in this study, medium density polyethylene (mdpe) incorporated with triclosan antibacterial substance has been prepared and triclosan release rate was investigated. the crystallinity level and matrix polarity, as two significant parameters in antibacterial release control, were studied. triclosan, a well-established widespread antibacterial agent, was incorporated into medium density polyethylene (mdpe) and maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene (pe-g-ma) was used to change the polarity of the md ...201627337565
lactobacillus casei triggers a tlr mediated rack-1 dependent p38 mapk pathway in caenorhabditis elegans to resist klebsiella pneumoniae infection.in the present study, the effect of lactic acid bacteria (lab) was investigated at the molecular level using the model organism caenorhabditis elegans against klebsiella pneumoniae. out of the 13 lab screened, lactobacillus casei displayed excellent protective efficacy by prolonging the survival of k. pneumoniae-infected nematodes. pretreatment with l. casei significantly decreased bacterial colonization and rescued k. pneumoniae-infected c. elegans from various physiological impairments. the co ...201627338631
gluconic acid production by gad mutant of klebsiella pneumoniae.klebsiella pneumoniae produces many economically important chemicals. using glucose as a carbon source, the main metabolic product in k. pneumoniae is 2,3-butanediol. gluconic acid is an intermediate of the glucose oxidation pathway. in the current study, a metabolic engineering strategy was used to develop a gluconic acid-producing k. pneumoniae strain. deletion of gad, resulting in loss of gluconate dehydrogenase activity, led to the accumulation of gluconic acid in the culture broth. gluconic ...201627339313
evaluation of phenotypic tests for detection of amp c beta-lactamases in clinical isolates from a tertiary care hospital of rawalpindi, pakistan.to evaluate sensitivity and specificity of disc approximation test compared to three-dimensional extract test as a phenotypic gold standard test for detection of ampc beta-lactamase producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae.201627339564
complete genome sequence of the first kpc-type carbapenemase-positive proteus mirabilis strain from a bloodstream infection.sequencing of the blakpc-positive strain proteus mirabilis aouc-001 was performed using both the miseq and pacbio rs ii platforms and yielded a single molecule of 4,272,433 bp, representing the complete chromosome. genome analysis showed the presence of several acquired resistance determinants, including two copies of blakpc-2 carried on a fragment of a kpc-producing plasmid previously described in klebsiella pneumoniae.201627340072
silver nanoparticles: biosynthesis using an atcc reference strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa and activity as broad spectrum clinical antibacterial agents.currently, the biosynthesis of silver-based nanomaterials attracts enormous attention owing to the documented antimicrobial properties of these ones. this study reports the extracellular biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (ag-nps) using a pseudomonas aeruginosa strain from a reference culture collection. a greenish culture supernatant of p. aeruginosa incubated at 37°c with a silver nitrate solution for 24 h changed to a yellowish brown color, indicating the formation of ag-nps, which was conf ...201627340405
cockroaches as a source of high bacterial pathogens with multidrug resistant strains in gondar town, ethiopia.background. cockroaches are source of bacterial infections and this study was aimed to assess bacterial isolates and their antimicrobial profiles from cockroaches in gondar town, ethiopia. methods. a total of 60 cockroaches were collected from march 1 to may 30, 2014, in gondar town. bacterial species were isolated from external and internal parts of cockroaches. disk diffusion method was used to determine antibiotic susceptibility patterns. data were entered and analyzed by using spss version 2 ...201627340653
deletion of ldha and aldh genes in klebsiella pneumoniae to enhance 1,3-propanediol production.to improve 1,3-propanediol (1,3-pd) production and reduce byproduct concentration during the fermentation of klebsiella pneumonia.201627341834
temporal trends and risks factors for antimicrobial resistant enterobacteriaceae urinary isolates from outpatients in guadeloupe.urinary tract infections are bacterial infections most commonly encountered in the community. the resistance rate of uropathogens to commonly prescribed antibiotics has increased worldwide but there are no published data concerning the resistance of strains isolated from community-acquired uti in guadeloupe. to assess the susceptibility patterns of enterobacteriaceae strains isolated from outpatients in guadeloupe we conducted a prospective study from december 2012 to may 2014 among outpatients ...201627342199
[distribution of pathogenic bacteria and its influence on expression of bcl-2 and bax protein after hsct in the patients with hematological malignancies].to investigate the distribution of pathogenic bacteria in the patients with hematologic malignancies received hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (hsct) and its influence on the expression of bcl-2 and bax proteins.201627342520
antimicrobial activity against a global collection of skin and skin structure pathogens: results from the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.), 2010-2014.as part of the tigecycline evaluation and surveillance trial (t.e.s.t.) we report antimicrobial resistance among gram-positive and gram-negative isolates collected globally from integumentary sources between 2010 and 2014.201627343986
fabrication of nano-mosquitocides using chitosan from crab shells: impact on non-target organisms in the aquatic environment.mosquitoes are arthropods of huge medical and veterinary relevance, since they vector pathogens and parasites of public health importance, including malaria, dengue and zika virus. currently, nanotechnology is considered a potential eco-friendly approach in mosquito control research. we proposed a novel method of biofabrication of silver nanoparticles (agnp) using chitosan (ch) from crab shells. ch-agnp nanocomposite was characterized by uv-vis spectroscopy, ftir, sem, edx and xrd. ch-agnp were ...201627344400
detection and genotype analysis of ampc β-lactamase in klebsiella pneumoniae from tertiary hospitals.the aim of the present study was to investigate the phenotype and genotype of plasmid-mediated ampc (pampc) β-lactamase in klebsiella pneumoniae and its antibiotic resistance. a total of 130 non-repetitive clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae, obtained from tertiary hospitals, were phenotypically screened for pampc β-lactamase production with the cefoxitin disk diffusion test. β-lactamase genes in the screened isolates were detected using multiplex polymerase chain reaction (pcr); carbapen ...201627347082
antibiotic resistance patterns of gram-negative and gram-positive strains isolated from inpatients with nosocomial infections in a tertiary hospital in beijing, china from 2011 to 2014.this study was to evaluate the resistance of antimicrobial agents against pathogens from inpatients with nosocomial infection collected in beijing, china, during 2011-2014. measurement of minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) was carried out using the broth microdilution method with the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) guidelines as the indicator. a total of 5442 gram-negative and 806 gram-positive isolates were collected in this study in 2011-2014. two carbapenem-resistant ...201627347770
modulation of phytoremediation and plant growth by the treatment with pgpr, ag nanoparticle and untreated municipal wastewater.the present attempt was made to determine the effects of untreated municipal wastewater (mw) on growth and physiology of maize and to evaluate the role of ag nanoparticle and plant-growth-promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) when interacting with mw used for irrigation. it was used for the isolation of pgpr. the isolates were identified and characterized based on the colony morphology, c/n source utilization pattern using miniaturized identification system (qts 24), catalase (cat) and oxidase tests, a ...201627348506
isolation, partial purification and evaluation of bioactive compounds from leaves of ageratum houstonianum.the present study deals with the isolation and partial purification of bioactive compounds from the crude methanol extracts of the leaves of ageratum houstonianum (asteraceae). the quantification and the identification of compounds in the crude extract and active bands isolated by preparative tlc were accomplished using gc-ms analysis. the most important compounds identified in the crude extract and active bands (ab-1 and ab-2) were 6-acetyl-7-methoxy-2, 2-dimethylchromene, hexadecanoic acid and ...201227350770
hemodialysis with high cut-off hemodialyzers in patients with multi-drug resistant gram-negative sepsis and acute kidney injury: a retrospective, case-control study.hemodialysis with high cut-off continuous veno-venous hemodialyzer (hco-cvvhd) removes mediators of organ dysfunction during sepsis. this study assessed the clinical effects of hco-cvvhd as compared to high-flux (hf) membranes during gram-negative sepsis.201627352068
rise and fall of kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in new york city.the study objective was to examine the epidemiological trends of kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in new york city medical centres.201627353464
plasmid dynamics in kpc-positive klebsiella pneumoniae during long-term patient colonization.carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae strains are formidable hospital pathogens that pose a serious threat to patients around the globe due to a rising incidence in health care facilities, high mortality rates associated with infection, and potential to spread antibiotic resistance to other bacterial species, such as escherichia coli over 6 months in 2011, 17 patients at the national institutes of health (nih) clinical center became colonized with a highly virulent, transmissible carbapenem ...201627353756
characteristics and management of enterobacteriaceae harboring imp-4 or imp-8 carbapenemase in a tertiary hospital.the emergence of enterobacteriaceae harboring imp-4 or imp-8 carbapenemases is rare. we report an occurrence of enterobacteriaceae harboring imp-4 or imp-8 carbapenemases in a chinese tertiary care hospital from november 2010 to december 2012.201627358627
antimicrobial activity for excretion and secretion of the greenbottle fly larvae lucilia sericata (meigen) (diptera: calliphoridae).sterile larval excretion/secretion (es) exhibited antibacterial activity against some species of bacteria. they were shown to inhibit the growth of gram-positive bacteria staphylococcus aureus and bacillus subtilis gram-negative bacteria pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae and fungi geotricum candidum and aspergillus fumigatus thus exhibited limited inhibitory effect towards gram-positive bacteria streptococcus pyogenes and staphylococcus epidermidis and gram-negat ...201627363054
[infection control from the viewpoint of medical safety by our clinical laboratory in tmdu hospital].infection control based on appropriate bacteriological examinations and information is important for medical safety. i present the activities performed by our clinical laboratory in tokyo medical and dental university (tmdu) hospital. we detected and reported the first japanese case of kpc-2 carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae, of which infection will be a serious problem in the near future in japan. we examine the antigen and toxins of clostridium difficile with an immunochromatograph ...201627363226
active surveillance scheme in three romanian hospitals reveals a high prevalence and variety of carbapenamase-producing gram-negative bacteria: a pilot study, december 2014 to may 2015.we report the findings of an active surveillance scheme for detection of asymptomatic carriers with carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacteria (cp-gnb) in romanian hospitals. during a pilot study from december 2014 to may 2015, faecal cultures were screened in three hospitals (two large, one medium-size) for patients newly admitted to selected wards or inpatients transferred from other wards to an intensive-care unit. the study revealed a high prevalence of cp-gnb detected in 22/27 and 28/38 ...201627363583
complement resistance mechanisms of klebsiella pneumoniae.the current emergence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria causes major problems in hospitals worldwide. to survive within the host, bacterial pathogens exploit several escape mechanisms to prevent detection and killing by the immune system. as a major player in immune defense, the complement system recognizes and destroys bacteria via different effector mechanisms. the complement system can label bacteria for phagocytosis or directly kill gram-negative bacteria via insertion of a pore-forming compl ...201627364766
in vitro antimicrobial activity of five essential oils on multidrug resistant gram-negative clinical isolates.the emergence of drug-resistant pathogens has drawn attention on medicinal plants for potential antimicrobial properties. the objective of the present study was the investigation of the antimicrobial activity of five plant essential oils on multidrug resistant gram-negative bacteria.201727366345
antimicrobial and cytotoxicity properties of the organic solvent fractions of clerodendrum myricoides (hochst.) r. br. ex vatke: kenyan traditional medicinal plant.clerodendrum myricoides is a kenyan herbal plant used in the management of respiratory diseases. in the current study, we investigated in vitro antimicrobial activity, cytotoxicity, and phytochemical screening of c. myricoides.201727366347
physiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenem resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter aerogenes.bacterial resistance is a growing concern in the nosocomial environment in which klebsiella pneumoniae and enterobacter aerogenes play an important role due to their opportunism and carbapenemase-production. this work aimed to evaluate physiological and molecular characteristics of carbapenem-resistant k. pneumoniae and e. aerogenes isolated in a brazilian tertiary hospital.201627367007
synthesis, spectral characterization, dna interaction, anticancer and molecular docking studies on some transition metal complexes with bidentate ligand.the ligand, n(2),n(3)-bis(3-nitrophenyl)quinoxaline-2.3-diamine was prepared by the condensation of quinoxaline-2.3(1,4h)-dione with 3-nitroaniline. it was treated with co(ii), ni(ii), cu(ii) and zn(ii) acetates to form the metal complexes. these were characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductance, magnetic moment, uv-vis., ir, (1)h nmr, esr and mass spectral data. octahedral geometry has been assigned to co(ii), ni(ii) and zn(ii) complexes, whereas cu(ii) complex has distorted octahedra ...201627367456
antibacterial constituents of fructus chebulae immaturus and their mechanisms of action.to extract, purify, and identify the effective constituents of aqueous extract of fructus chebulae immaturus, and analyze the bactericidal effects of total tannins.201627368700
boronic acid disk diffusion for the phenotypic detection of polymerase chain reaction-confirmed, carbapenem-resistant, gram-negative bacilli isolates.the middle east is regarded as a secondary reservoir for oxa-48 and new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm) carbapenemases. one of the main challenges in clinical microbiology diagnostics is the detection of carbapenemases. for this reason simple screening methods have been sought to detect carbapenemase producers to determine appropriate therapeutic measures and implement infection control interventions. the present study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of the modified hodge test (mht) and a boronic ...201627368987
bactericidal effect of graphene oxide/cu/ag nanoderivatives against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumoniae, staphylococcus aureus and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus.a systematic analysis of antibacterial activity of individual nanoderivatives, e.g. go nanosheets, ag and cu nanoparticles (nps), as well as combinations of cu-ag nps, and go-cu-ag nanocomposites against escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) was performed. chemical properties of the go, cu and ag nps were determined employing x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and x-ray-excited auger electron sp ...201627370911
risk factors for infections due to carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae after open heart surgery.patients undergoing major surgery are at increased risk of developing infections due to resistant organisms, including carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (cr-kp). in this study, we assessed risk factors for cr-kp infections after open heart surgery in a teaching hospital in northern italy.201627371609
[advances in humans and animals opportunistic pathogens from environment infecting plants by crossing kingdoms].some pathogenic microorganisms ubiquitous in the environment could cross kingdoms to infect diverse hosts. several cross-kingdom human pathogens were summarized in this paper, including serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeuriginosa. they are ubiquitous in the nature and could cause plant diseases using the same or different infection strategies with which they infect humans and broaden host range. among these bacteria, klebsiella pneumoniae causes top rot disease of maize ...201627373067
[impact of extended-spectrum β-lactamase on clinical outcome and medical cost in patients with bloodstream infection due to klebsiella pneumoniae].to evaluate the impact of extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) on clinical outcome and medical cost in patients with bloodstream infection (bsi) due to klebsiella pneumoniae.201627373357
progressive increase of resistance in enterobacteriaceae urinary isolates from kidney transplant recipients over the past decade: narrowing of the therapeutic options.antibiotic resistance is an emerging phenomenon in kidney transplantation (kt).201627373698
countrywide dissemination of a dha-1-type plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae st11 international high-risk clone in hungary, 2009-2013.the first plasmid-mediated ampc β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae (pampc kp) isolate was detected in december 2009 in hungary. hungarian microbiological laboratories were asked to send all kp strains showing cefoxitin resistance and decreased susceptibility or resistance to any third-generation cephalosporins to the reference laboratories at the national center for epidemiology. investigation was conducted in order to outline spatio-temporal distribution and genetic characterization of ...201627375036
decontamination of indoor air to reduce the risk of airborne infections: studies on survival and inactivation of airborne pathogens using an aerobiology chamber.although indoor air can spread many pathogens, information on the airborne survival and inactivation of such pathogens remains sparse.201627375064
klebsiella pneumoniae asparagine tdnas are integration hotspots for different genomic islands encoding microcin e492 production determinants and other putative virulence factors present in hypervirulent strains.due to the developing of multi-resistant and invasive hypervirulent strains, klebsiella pneumoniae has become one of the most urgent bacterial pathogen threats in the last years. genomic comparison of a growing number of sequenced isolates has allowed the identification of putative virulence factors, proposed to be acquirable mainly through horizontal gene transfer. in particular, those related with synthesizing the antibacterial peptide microcin e492 (mcce492) and salmochelin siderophores were ...201627375573
lactobacillus salivarius reverse diabetes-induced intestinal defense impairment in mice through non-defensin protein.altered intestinal microbiota and subsequent endotoxemia play pathogenic roles in diabetes. we aimed to study the mechanisms of intestinal defense impairment in type 1 diabetes and the effects of lactobacillus salivarius as well as fructooligosaccharides (fos) supplementation on diabetes-induced bacterial translocation. alterations in the enteric microbiome, expression of mucosal antibacterial proteins and bacteria-killing activity of the intestinal mucosa in streptozotocin (stz)-induced diabeti ...201627376728
efficient transmission of incfiiy and incl plasmids and klebsiella pneumoniae st101 clone producing oxa-48, ndm-1 or oxa-181 in bucharest hospitals. 201627378198
experimental single-strain mobilomics reveals events that shape pathogen emergence.virulence genes on mobile dnas such as genomic islands (gis) and plasmids promote bacterial pathogen emergence. excision is an early step in gi mobilization, producing a circular gi and a deletion site in the chromosome; circular forms are also known for some bacterial insertion sequences (iss). the recombinant sequence at the junctions of such circles and deletions can be detected sensitively in high-throughput sequencing data, using new computational methods that enable empirical discovery of ...201627378783
global dissemination of carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae: epidemiology, genetic context, treatment options, and detection methods.the emergence of carbapenem-resistant gram-negative pathogens poses a serious threat to public health worldwide. in particular, the increasing prevalence of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae is a major source of concern. k. pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpcs) and carbapenemases of the oxacillinase-48 (oxa-48) type have been reported worldwide. new delhi metallo-β-lactamase (ndm) carbapenemases were originally identified in sweden in 2008 and have spread worldwide rapidly. in this review, w ...201627379038
optical fiber-based steady state and fluorescence lifetime spectroscopy for rapid identification and classification of bacterial pathogens directly from colonies on agar plates.fluorescence spectroscopy was examined as a potential technique for identification and classification of bacterial pathogens. colonies of staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella typhi, and klebsiella pneumoniae on agar plates were measured directly using a laboratory spectrofluorimeter coupled with optical fiber. steady state fluorescence spectra were collected following excitation at 280 nm (tryptophan) and 380 nm (nadh). results showed that fluorescence lifetime decays of try ...201427379265
impacts of hypervirulence determinants on clinical features and outcomes of bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae.we investigated the implications of hypervirulence determinants on clinical features of 48 adult patients with bacteremia caused by extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae. isolates in the hypervirulence group included any of the following virulence determinants: k1/k2 capsule serotypes, hypermucoviscosity phenotype, rmpa gene, or rmpa2 gene. nonhypervirulence group isolates were negative for all of the above virulence factors. in this study, all isolates used were non-k1/k ...201727380450
microbial community of healthy thai vegetarians and non-vegetarians, their core gut microbiota, and pathogen risk.pyrosequencing analysis of intestinal microflora from healthy thai vegetarians and non-vegetarians exhibited 893 otus covering 189 species. the strong species indicators of vegetarians and non-vegetarians were prevotella copri and bacteroides vulgatus as well as bacteria close to escherichia hermanii with % relative abundance of 16.9 and 4.5-4.7, respectively. core gut microbiota of the vegetarian and non-vegetarian groups consisted of 11 and 20 different bacterial species, respectively, belongi ...201627381339
effect of the β-lactamase inhibitor vaborbactam combined with meropenem against serine carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae.klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing isolates have become increasingly prevalent worldwide, and these organisms are often multidrug resistant, limiting the therapeutic options available for treating infections. we evaluated the activity of meropenem combined with the serine β-lactamase inhibitor vaborbactam (formerly rpx7009) against 315 serine carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) isolates by use of checkerboard-designed panels to assess the optimal inhibitor concentra ...201627381386
interspecies dissemination of a mobilizable plasmid harboring blaimp-19 and the possibility of horizontal gene transfer in a single patient.carbapenemase-producing gram-negative bacilli have been a global concern over the past 2 decades because these organisms can cause severe infections with high mortality rates. carbapenemase genes are often carried by mobile genetic elements, and resistance plasmids can be transferred through conjugation. we conducted whole-genome sequencing (wgs) to demonstrate that the same plasmid harboring a metallo-β-lactamase gene was detected in two different species isolated from a single patient. metallo ...201627381397
[the results and drug susceptibility of respiratory secretion culture of children with trachea bronchial foreign bodies].to analyze the distribution and drug resistance of the pathogenic bacteria in respiratory secretion in children with trachea bronchial foreign bodies so as to assist physicians in clinical prescription.201627382684
role of newer and re-emerging older agents in the treatment of infections caused by carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae.antimicrobial resistance has been identified by the world health organization as "one of the three greatest threats to human health." gram negative bacteria in particular drive this alarming trend. carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) such as escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and enterobacter species are of particular importance as they are associated with poor clinical outcomes and are common causes for a variety of infections including bacteremia, urinary tract infection, intra ...201627384881
evaluation of antibacterial activity of honey against multidrug resistant bacteria in ayder referral and teaching hospital, northern ethiopia.multidrug resistance is a global health issue. hence integration of traditional medicine like honey and modern medicine could be a best option in the treatment of patients infected with drug resistant bacteria. despite the multi floral and huge honey production in the region, there are no studies that evaluate the antibacterial activity of honey against multidrug resistant bacteria.201627386291
antibacterial and antibiotic-resistance modifying activity of the extracts and compounds from nauclea pobeguinii against gram-negative multi-drug resistant phenotypes.multi-drug resistance of gram-negative bacteria constitutes a major obstacle in the antibacterial fight worldwide. the discovery of new and effective antimicrobials and/or resistance modulators is necessary to combat the spread of resistance or to reverse the multi-drug resistance. in this study, we investigated the antibacterial and antibiotic-resistance modifying activities against 29 gram-negative bacteria including multi-drug resistant (mdr) phenotypes of the methanol extracts from nauclea p ...201627386848
prevalence and emergence of carbapenemases-producing gram-negative bacteria in mediterranean basin.the emergence and the global spread of carbapenemases concern to health services worldwide. their celestial rise among gram-negative bacilli has challenged both the scientific and pharmaceutical sectors. indeed, infections caused by these bacteria have limited treatment options and have been associated with high mortality and morbidity rates. carbapenemase producers are mainly identified among klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter baumannii and still ...201727387224
dnat is a pric-binding protein.dnat and pric are replication restart primosomal proteins required for re-initiating chromosomal dna replication. dnat is a component of the pria-dependent primosome, while pric belongs to the pric-dependent primosome. whether dnat can interact with pric is still unknown. in this study, we define a direct interaction between pric, a key initiator protein in pric-mediated dna replication restart, and dnat, a dnab/c complex loader protein, from klebsiella pneumoniae. in fluorescence titrations, pr ...201627387236
prevalence of hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae-associated genes rmpa and maga in two tertiary hospitals in houston, tx, usa. 201627392968
de-escalation versus continuation of empirical antimicrobial therapy in community-acquired pneumonia.to compare mortality between de-escalation and continued empirical treatment in patients with community-acquired pneumonia.201627394401
validation of minim typing for fast and accurate discrimination of extended-spectrum, beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in tertiary care hospital.minim typing is derived from the multi-locus sequence typing (mlst). it targets the same genes, but sequencing is replaced by high resolution melt analysis. typing can be performed by analysing six loci (6melt), four loci (4melt) or using data from four loci plus sequencing the tonb gene (hybridmelt). the aim of this study was to evaluate minim typing to discriminate extended-spectrum beta-lactamase producing klebsiella pneumoniae (esbl-klpn) isolates at our hospital. in total, 380 isolates were ...201627394639
combination treatment with extended-infusion ceftazidime/avibactam for a kpc-3-producing klebsiella pneumoniae bacteraemia in a kidney and pancreas transplant patient. 201627396948
effect of poloxamer on zingiber officinale extracted green synthesis and antibacterial studies of silver nanoparticles.the zingiber officinale (z. officinale) plant is one of the well-known medicinal plants. poloxamer finds excellent clinical and therapeutic uses for curing of various ailments. the poloxamer 188 polymer and the plant extract of z. officinale have been used to prepare the silver nanoparticles (agnps) by a green synthesis route. the z. officinale plant extract has been used as a reducing agent, while the poloxamer 188 has been used as a stabilizing agent. the formation of face-centered cubic (fcc) ...201627398519
high prevalence of hospital-acquired infections caused by gram-negative carbapenem resistant strains in vietnamese pediatric icus: a multi-centre point prevalence survey.there is scarce information regarding hospital-acquired infections (hais) among children in resource-constrained settings. this study aims to measure prevalence of hais in vietnamese pediatric hospitals.monthly point prevalence surveys (ppss) in 6 pediatric intensive care units (icus) in 3 referral hospitals during 1 year.a total of 1363 cases (1143 children) were surveyed, 59.9% male, average age 11 months. admission sources were: other hospital 49.3%, current hospital 36.5%, and community 15.3 ...201627399106
photocatalytic and antibacterial activity of cadmium sulphide/zinc oxide nanocomposite with varied morphology.nanocomposites with multifunctional application prospects have already dragged accelerating interests of materials scientists. here we present cds/zno nanocomposites with different morphology engineering the precursor molar ratio in a facile wet chemical synthesis route. the materials were structurally and morphologically characterized by x-ray diffraction (xrd), field emission scanning electron microscopy (fe-sem), energy dispersive x-ray analysis (edx) and high-resolution transmission electron ...201627399614
high prevalence of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase producing enterobacteriaceae among clinical isolates in burkina faso.nothing is known about the epidemiology and resistance mechanisms of extended-spectrum ß-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae (esbl-pe) in burkina faso. the objective of this study was to determine esbl-pe prevalence and to characterize esbl genes in burkina faso.201627400864
mcr-1.2, a new mcr variant carried on a transferable plasmid from a colistin-resistant kpc carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae strain of sequence type 512.a novel mcr variant, named mcr-1.2, encoding a gln3-to-leu functional variant of mcr-1, was detected in a kpc-3-producing st512 klebsiella pneumoniae isolate collected in italy from a surveillance rectal swab from a leukemic child. the mcr-1.2 gene was carried on a transferable incx4 plasmid whose structure was very similar to that of mcr-1-bearing plasmids previously found in escherichia coli and k. pneumoniae strains from geographically distant sites (estonia, china, and south africa).201627401575
primary osteomyelitis caused by hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae.klebsiella pneumoniae is the most clinically relevant species of this genus, known to cause both community-acquired and nosocomial infections worldwide. in the past two decades, a distinct hypervirulent strain of k pneumoniae, characterised by its hypermucoviscous phenotype, has emerged as a clinically significant pathogen responsible for highly invasive infections. we present a case of osteomyelitis due to hypervirulent k pneumoniae reported in the usa. genomic testing of the k pneumoniae isola ...201627402393
penetration barrier contributes to bacterial biofilm-associated resistance against only select antibiotics, and exhibits genus-, strain- and antibiotic-specific differences.bacterial biofilms are implicated in a wide range of implant-based and chronic infections. these infections are often associated with adverse therapeutic outcomes, owing to the decreased antibiotic susceptibility of biofilms compared with their planktonic counterparts. this altered biofilm susceptibility has been attributed to multiple factors, including a reduced antibiotic penetration. although several studies have addressed the role of penetration barrier in biofilm-associated drug resistance ...201627402781
need for lumbar puncture in children younger than 12 months presenting with simple febrile seizure.recently, conflicting results have been reported regarding the necessity of routine lumbar puncture in children less than 12 months of age with simple febrile seizure. the aims of this study were to evaluate the results of lumbar puncture in children younger than 60 months of age with febrile seizure and to reassess the need for lumbar puncture in children younger than 12 months with simple febrile seizure.201627404463
differential host susceptibility and bacterial virulence factors driving klebsiella liver abscess in an ethnically diverse population.hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae is an emerging cause of community-acquired pyogenic liver abscess. first described in asia, it is now increasingly recognized in western countries, commonly afflicting those with asian descent. this raises the question of genetic predisposition versus geospecific strain acquisition. we leveraged on the antibiotics for klebsiella liver abscess syndrome study (a-klass) clinical trial ongoing in ethnically diverse singapore, to prospectively examine the profiles ...201627406977
bacteriocinogenic bacteria isolated from raw goat milk and goat cheese produced in the center of méxico.currently, there are few reports on the isolation of microorganisms from goat milk and goat cheese that have antibacterial activity. in particular, there are no reports on the isolation of microorganisms with antibacterial activity from these products in central mexico. our objective was to isolate bacteria, from goat products, that synthesized antimicrobial peptides with activity against a variety of clinically significant bacteria. we isolated and identified lactobacillus rhamnosus, l. plantar ...201627407294
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