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mcr-1 and blakpc-3 in escherichia coli sequence type 744 after meropenem and colistin therapy, portugal.escherichia coli ec36 was recovered from a patient in portugal after treatment with meropenem and colistin. besides an incf plasmid with tn1441d-blakpc-3, already reported in clinical strains in this country, e. coli ec36 co-harbored an incx4::mcr-1 gene. results highlight emerging co-resistance to carbapenems and polymyxins after therapy with drugs from both classes.201728726622
isolation and in vitro evaluation of bacteriophages against mdr-bacterial isolates from septic wound infections.multi-drug resistance has become a major problem for the treatment of pathogenic bacterial infections. the use of bacteriophages is an attractive approach to overcome the problem of drug resistance in several pathogens that cause fatal diseases. our study aimed to isolate multi drug resistant bacteria from patients with septic wounds and then isolate and apply bacteriophages in vitro as alternative therapeutic agents. pus samples were aseptically collected from rajiv gandhi institute of medical ...201728719657
a novel antibacterial peptide derived from crocodylus siamensis hemoglobin hydrolysate induces membrane permeabilisation causing iron dysregulation, oxidative stress and bacterial death.a novel antibacterial peptide from crocodylus siamensis hemoglobin hydrolysate (chhs) was characterised for antimicrobial activity.201728712131
a long-term study of the diversity of oxa-48-like carbapenemase-producing bacterial strains in infected patients and carriers.since their emergence at the beginning of the century, oxa-48 carbapenemases have spread in the community and in hospitals. to assess the diversity of oxa-48-producing bacterial strains and plasmids in the hospital setting, we studied the strains isolated from patients in three hospitals in the paris area.201728708476
silver nanoparticles functionalized with ampicillin.the resistance of pathogenic bacteria to antibiotics has become a serious problem. the emphasis is placed on the development of new, effective antimicrobial strategies. one of them is the use of agnps in association with antibiotic drugs. the aim of this study was to obtain silver nanoparticles functionalized with ampicillin and to investigate the mechanism of binding antibiotics to nanoparticle using high-performance liquid chromatography approach. to confirm the occurrence of silver nanopartic ...201728704596
chitosans inhibit the growth and the adhesion of klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli clinical isolates on urinary catheters.the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial activity of different chitosans (cs) against typical colonizing pathogens of the urinary tract and to assess their efficacy against bacterial adhesion and the subsequent biofilm formation on urinary catheters.201728689873
species differences in ciprofloxacin resistance among gram-negative bacteria: can "anti-mutant" ratios of the area under the concentration-time curve to the mic be achieved clinically?to explore if the 'anti-mutant' ratios of 24-h area under the concentration-time curve (auc24) to the mic overlap the clinically attainable auc24/mics, the selection of ciprofloxacin-resistant escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa and klebsiella pneumoniae mutants was studied in dynamic model that simulates human pharmacokinetics of ciprofloxacin. four strains each of e. coli and p. aeruginosa and three strains of k. pneumoniae were exposed to ciprofloxacin over a 50-400-fold range of the auc ...201728587559
[causative bacterial strains and sensitivityto antimicrobial agents in female acute uncomplicated cystitis].recently, wide spreading of fluoloquinolone resistant escherichia coli is a serious problem inthe treatment of urinary tract infection. to investigate the causative bacterial strains of female acute uncomplicated cystitis (auc) in the community and their sensitivity to antimicrobial agents, we retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 215 female auc patients treated at our clinics from april 2014 to june 2015. two hundred and nineteen strains were isolated as the causative bacteria from th ...201728625025
infections in patients affected by liver cirrhosis: an update.patients with liver cirrhosis present an increased incidence of infections. the main cause has been founded in alterations of the enteric flora and of the intestinal barrier probably due to portal hypertension, in addition to a reticulo-endothelial system dysfunction. furthermore, those living with cirrhosis can report a high predisposition to sepsis and septic shock, due to the excessive response of pro-inflammatory cytokines and a complessive hemodynamic derangement. by the analysis in the exp ...201728603226
burden of antimicrobial resistance in an era of decreasing susceptibility.antimicrobial resistance has become a global problem. many pathogens are becoming multidrug-resistant with the attendant increased risk of failure of standard therapies and the under-recognised outcomes such as increased morbidity, mortality, length of hospitalization and costs of treatment. areas covered: we undertook a review of the literature using standard search engines including pubmed, google scholar, scopus and internet sources. key search terms included antimicrobial resistance, antibio ...201728580804
activity of temocillin against ctx-m-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae from germany. 201728705669
whole genome sequencing of an expec that caused fatal pneumonia at a pig farm in changchun, china.in recent years, highly frequent swine respiratory diseases have been caused by extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) in china. due to this increase in expecs, this bacterial pathogen has become a threat to the development of the chinese swine industry. to investigate expec pathogenesis, we isolated a strain (named slpe) from lesioned porcine lungs from changchun in china, reported the draft genome and performed comparative genomic analyses.201728599670
in-vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae isolates recovered from hospitalized patients in germany.to evaluate the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam in comparison with other broad-spectrum antimicrobials against pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacteriaceae, 497 non-duplicate p. aeruginosa and 802 enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were consecutively collected during the period from september 2014 to april 2015 from patients in germany with bloodstream, lower respiratory tract, intraabdominal or urinary tract infections. antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by broth microdilu ...201728705666
combined spontaneous bacterial empyema and peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites and hepatic hydrothorax.spontaneous bacterial empyema (sbem) is an underestimated condition in patients with ascites and hepatic hydrothorax with a high mortality. this study aimed to find whether spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) is a prerequisite for sbem.201728579346
comparison of antimicrobial activity between ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam against multidrug-resistant isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa.this study compared the activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam and ceftazidime-avibactam against 120 bacterial strains, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (esbl) producers, carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre), and pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated from patients admitted to cleveland clinic abu dhabi, united arab emirates.201728610832
assessing antibiotic therapy effectiveness against the major bacterial pathogens in a hospital using an integrated index.to assess the effectiveness of antibiotic therapy against five indicator bacteria in a chinese hospital using an index-based approach.201728699775
in vitro activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam in combination with other classes of antibacterial agents.combination antibiotic therapy has been used successfully to treat some patients with bacterial infections. however, although certain combinations may result in beneficial synergistic activity, others may produce antagonistic effects resulting in poor treatment outcomes. ceftolozane/tazobactam is an antibacterial agent with potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and many other gram-negative pathogens, including extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae. this study ...201728689923
molecular epidemiology of colistin-resistant enterobacteriaceae in inpatients and avian from china: high prevalence of mcr-negative klebsiella pneumoniae.whether chromosomal and transmissible mechanisms contribute simultaneously to colistin resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli remains unknown. this study aims to identify the underlying mechanisms of colistin-resistance in inpatient and avian k. pneumoniae and e. coli in china. we retrospectively screened 2353 enterobacteriaceae isolates from inpatients at multi-centers during 2011-2014, and 168 avian isolates from one slaughterhouse in 2013 for the presence of mcr-1/mcr-2. mut ...201728668693
propensity score matched analysis comparing the clinical outcome of klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli causing community-onset monomicrobial bacteremia.bacteremia is a life-threatening condition that is associated with substantial healthcare costs. escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae are the leading causes of community-onset gram-negative bacteremia. however, a comprehensive comparison between these pathogens involved in bacteremia episodes has yet to be reported.in this retrospective cohort study, adults with community-onset monomicrobial bacteremia caused by e coli or k pneumoniae were recruited in the emergency department of a medical ...201728658101
biological activities of allium sativum and zingiber officinale extracts on clinically important bacterial pathogens, their phytochemical and ft-ir spectroscopic analysis.the spread of bacterial infectious diseases is a major public threat. herbs and spices have offered an excellent, important and useful source of antimicrobial agents against many pathological infections. in the current study, the antimicrobial potency of fresh, naturally and commercial dried allium sativum and zingiber officinale extracts had been investigated against seven local clinical bacterial isolates such as escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella pneumonia, staphylococcus au ...201728653916
identification and characterization of two klebsiella pneumoniae lpxl lipid a late acyltransferases and their role in virulence.klebsiella pneumoniae causes a wide range of infections, from urinary tract infections to pneumonia. the lipopolysaccharide is a virulence factor of this pathogen, although there are gaps in our understanding of its biosynthesis. here we report on the characterization of k. pneumoniaelpxl, which encodes one of the enzymes responsible for the late secondary acylation of immature lipid a molecules. analysis of the available k. pneumoniae genomes revealed that this pathogen's genome encodes two ort ...201728652313
impact of appropriateness of empiric therapy on outcomes in community-onset bacteremia by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase producing escherichia coli and klebisella pneumoniae definitively treated with carbapenems.despite a significant increase of bloodstream infection caused by extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae in the community-setting, information regarding clinical outcomes of inappropriate empiric therapy (iat) in patients with those infections is limited. a multicenter-retrospective cohort study was conducted in four hospitals. a total of 249 adults were identified to have community-onset bacteremia caused by esbl-producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae, a ...201728643188
comparison of methods for detection of plasmid-mediated and chromosomally encoded colistin resistance in enterobacteriaceae.because of the emergence of plasmid-mediated (mcr-1 and mcr-2 genes) and chromosomally encoded colistin resistance, reliable methods for detecting colistin resistance/susceptibility in routine laboratories are required. we evaluated the respective performances of the bd phoenix automated system, the newly developed rapid polymyxin np test and the broth microdilution (bmd) reference method to detect colistin resistance in enterobacteriaceae, and particularly those producing mcr-1 and mcr-2.201728606644
molecular characterization of intestinal carriage of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae among inpatients at two iranian university hospitals: first report of co-production of bla ndm-7 and bla oxa-48.gastrointestinal colonization of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) could serve as a reservoir for the transmission of these pathogens in the clinical setting. the aim of this study was to investigate the intestinal carriage of cre and to analyze risk factors for cre carriage. rectal swabs were collected from 95 patients at two iranian university hospitals. cre screening was performed using selective media (chromagar and macconkey agar). polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to det ...201728639165
emergence of ceftazidime/avibactam non-susceptibility in an mdr klebsiella pneumoniae isolate.avibactam is a novel broad-range β-lactamase inhibitor active against ambler class a (including esbl and kpc) and some ambler class c and d (e.g. oxa-48) enzymes. we here report on the emergence of ceftazidime/avibactam resistance in clinical, multiresistant, oxa-48 and ctx-m-14-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolate dt12 during ceftazidime/avibactam treatment.201728637339
sirtuin 3 deficiency does not alter host defenses against bacterial and fungal infections.sirtuin 3 (sirt3) is the main mitochondrial deacetylase. sirt3 regulates cell metabolism and redox homeostasis, and protects from aging and age-associated pathologies. sirt3 may drive both oncogenic and tumor-suppressive effects. sirt3 deficiency has been reported to promote chronic inflammation-related disorders, but whether sirt3 impacts on innate immune responses and host defenses against infections remains essentially unknown. this aspect is of primary importance considering the great intere ...201728634345
high-throughput identification and rational design of synergistic small-molecule pairs for combating and bypassing antibiotic resistance.antibiotic-resistant infections kill approximately 23,000 people and cost $20,000,000,000 each year in the united states alone despite the widespread use of small-molecule antimicrobial combination therapy. antibiotic combinations typically have an additive effect: the efficacy of the combination matches the sum of the efficacies of each antibiotic when used alone. small molecules can also act synergistically when the efficacy of the combination is greater than the additive efficacy. however, sy ...201728632788
mait cells launch a rapid, robust and distinct hyperinflammatory response to bacterial superantigens and quickly acquire an anergic phenotype that impedes their cognate antimicrobial function: defining a novel mechanism of superantigen-induced immunopathology and immunosuppression.superantigens (sags) are potent exotoxins secreted by staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus pyogenes. they target a large fraction of t cell pools to set in motion a "cytokine storm" with severe and sometimes life-threatening consequences typically encountered in toxic shock syndrome (tss). given the rapidity with which tss develops, designing timely and truly targeted therapies for this syndrome requires identification of key mediators of the cytokine storm's initial wave. equally important, ...201728632753
strain-level metagenomic analysis of the fermented dairy beverage nunu highlights potential food safety risks.the rapid detection of pathogenic strains in food products is essential for the prevention of disease outbreaks. it has already been demonstrated that whole-metagenome shotgun sequencing can be used to detect pathogens in food but, until recently, strain-level detection of pathogens has relied on whole-metagenome assembly, which is a computationally demanding process. here we demonstrated that three short-read-alignment-based methods, i.e., metamlst, panphlan, and strainphlan, could accurately a ...201728625983
synthesis of platinum nanoparticles using seaweed padina gymnospora and their catalytic activity as pvp/ptnps nanocomposite towards biological applications.in the recent years, synthesis of nanomaterials using seaweeds and their diverse applications is escalating research in modern era. among the noble metals, platinum nanoparticles (ptnps) are of great importance owing to their catalytic property and less toxicity. the significance of this work is a simple one-step synthesis of ptnps using aqueous extract of indian brown seaweed padina gymnospora and their catalytic activity with a polymer polyvinylpyrrolidone (pvp) as pvp/ptnps nanocomposite towa ...201728570982
5-o-mycaminosyltylonolide antibacterial derivatives: design, synthesis and bioactivity.tylosin is a 16-membered macrolide broad-spectrum antibiotic that has an important role in veterinary medicine, active against gram-positive and a restricted range of gram-negative bacteria. we synthesized 15 types of tylosin-related derivatives by chemical modification and evaluated them against mastitis pathogens. among them, 20-deoxy-20-{n-methyl-n-[1-(3-quinolyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl]methylamino}-5-o-mycaminosyltylonolide 2f and 20-deoxy-20-{n-benzyl-n-[1-(3-quinolyl)-1h-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl] ...201728559578
effect of the 2014 clinical and laboratory standards institute urine-specific breakpoints on cefazolin susceptibility rates at a community teaching hospital.enterobacteriaceae, which include escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and proteus mirabilis, are identified as the infectious etiology in the majority of urinary tract infections (utis) in community hospitals across the united states. the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) is a useful tool when choosing an appropriate antibacterial agent. recent changes to the 2014 clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) guidelines included reporting a urine-specific cefazolin breakpoint for ...201728558707
graphene oxide as an efficient antimicrobial nanomaterial for eradicating multi-drug resistant bacteria in vitro and in vivo.graphene is a novel two-dimensional nanomaterial with a growing number of practical applications across numerous fields. in this work, we explored potential biomedical applications of graphene oxide (go) by systematically studying antibacterial capacity of go in both macrophages and animal models. three types of bacteria, including klebsiella pneumoniae (kp), escherichia coli (e. coli) and p. aeruginosa (pa) were used for in vitro study. kp was also selected as a representative multidrug resista ...201728554055
emerging extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae causing community-onset urinary tract infections: a case-control-control study.the aim of this study was to determine the epidemiology and risk factors associated with community-onset urinary tract infections (co-utis) due to extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae (esbl-kp). a cohort study including all consecutive patients with k. pneumoniae co-uti identified from january 2010 to december 2014 was conducted. patients with co-uti due to esbl-kp were then included as cases in a retrospective case-control-control study; controls were outpatients with c ...201728552471
increasing proportion of carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae and emergence of a mcr-1 producer through a multicentric study among hospital-based and private laboratories in belgium from september to november 2015.carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae (cpe) strains have been increasingly reported in belgium. we aimed to determine the proportion of cpe among enterobacteriaceae isolated from hospitalised patients and community outpatients in belgium in 2015. for the hospitalised patients, the results were compared to a previous similar survey performed in the same hospitals in 2012. twenty-four hospital-based and 10 private laboratories collected prospectively 200 non-duplicated enterobacteriaceae isol ...201728537547
prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae in hangzhou, china.with the abuse of antimicrobial agents in developing countries, increasing number of carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) attracted considerable public concern. a retrospective study was conducted based on 242 cre strains from a tertiary hospital in hangzhou, china to investigate prevalence and drug resistance characteristics of cre in southeast china. bacterial species were identified. antimicrobial susceptibility was examined by broth microdilution method or epsilometer test. resistan ...201728687975
zinc blocks sos-induced antibiotic resistance via inhibition of reca in escherichia coli.zinc inhibits the virulence of diarrheagenic e. coli by inducing the envelope stress response and inhibiting the sos response. the sos response is triggered by damage to bacterial dna. in shiga-toxigenic e. coli, the sos response strongly induces the production of shiga toxins (stx) and of the bacteriophages that encode the stx genes. in e. coli, induction of the sos response is accompanied by a higher mutation rate, called the mutator response, caused by a shift to error-prone dna polymerases w ...201728542496
reduced nosocomial infection rate in a neonatal intensive care unit during a 4-year surveillance period.hospital-acquired infections are a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in neonatal intensive care units (nicu). the aim of the study was to investigate the change of nosocomial infection rate in a nicu during a 4-year surveillance period.201728479017
international high-risk clones of klebsiella pneumoniae kpc-2/cc258 and escherichia coli ctx-m-15/cc10 in urban lake waters.the emergence of high-risk clones of multidrug-resistant (mdr) bacteria in aquatic environments has generated an important public health problem, creating an urgent need to strengthen surveillance. this study reports the occurrence of clinically significant mdr enterobacteriaceae and non-fermentative bacteria carrying carbapenemases (kpc-2), extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ctx-m) and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) genes in urban lakes and reservoirs, in southeastern brazil. in this ...201728458208
characterization of carbapenemases, esbls, and plasmid-mediated quinolone determinants in carbapenem-insensitive escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae in riyadh hospitals.the main objective of this work was to characterize carbapenemases, extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbls), and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) among carbapenem-insensitive klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli clinical isolates which were isolated from three hospitals in riyadh. thirty-one carbapenem-insensitive isolates (21 k. pneumoniae and 10 e. coli) were recovered from march 2014 to may 2014. susceptibility testing and phenotypic detection tests were used to characterize ...201728462854
outbreak of ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in a dutch hospital, with interspecies transfer of the resistance plasmid and unexpected occurrence in unrelated health care centers.in the netherlands, the number of cases of infection with new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (ndm)-positive enterobacteriaceae is low. here, we report an outbreak of ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a dutch hospital with interspecies transfer of the resistance plasmid and unexpected occurrence in other unrelated health care centers (hccs). next-generation sequencing was performed on 250 carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates, including 42 ndm-positive isolates obtain ...201728515215
from clsi to eucast guidelines in the interpretation of antimicrobial susceptibility: what is the effect in our setting?implementation of the breakpoints established in the european committee on antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) guidelines in comparison with those of the clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) means that the criteria for interpreting the susceptibility of some antimicrobials have been modified, resulting in changes in the reports of accumulated antibiotic susceptibility.201728479139
mcr-1 and oxa-48 in vivo acquisition in kpc-producing escherichia coli after colistin treatment.the spread of mcr-1-encoding plasmids into carbapenem-resistant enterobacteriaceae raises concerns about the emergence of untreatable bacteria. we report the acquisition of mcr-1 in a carbapenem-resistant escherichia coli strain after a 3-week course of colistin in a patient repatriated to france from portugal. whole-genome sequencing revealed that the klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing e. coli strain acquired two plasmids, an incl oxa-48-encoding plasmid and an incx4 mcr-1-encoding p ...201728507112
major role of pkpqil-like plasmids in the early dissemination of kpc-type carbapenemases in the uk.klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase (kpc)-producing enterobacteriaceae were first seen in the uk in 2003 and have been increasingly reported since 2010, largely owing to an ongoing outbreak in north-west england. we examined the role of clonal spread and plasmid transmission in their emergence.201728498924
liver abscess caused by pannonibacter phragmitetus: case report and literature review.bacterial hepatic abscess is a common occurrence in developing countries, which is mostly caused by klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli. pannonibacter phragmitetus is a gram-negative alkali-tolerant bacillus that exists in the natural environment. human infection by this bacterium is rare, with only four cases reported.201728487855
investigation of the antimicrobial effect of natural deep eutectic solvents (nades) as solvents in antimicrobial photodynamic therapy.natural deep eutectic solvents (nades) are a third class of liquids, separate from water and lipids. some nades, especially those containing organic acids, have been suggested to possess antimicrobial properties. such properties may be advantageous when nades are used as solvents in e.g. antimicrobial photodynamic therapy. however, to control the toxicity of acid-containing nades, they must retain their specific qualities upon dilution. hence, the aims of this study were to investigate the effec ...201728472722
the occurrence of the colistin resistance gene mcr-1 in the haihe river (china).antibiotic failure is occurring worldwide. in a routine surveillance study on antibioticresistance genes (args) in natural water bodies, we noted the detection of colistin-resistance gene mcr-1, previously identified in escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae isolates from human beings and animals in several countries. the mcr-1 gene might be present in water environments, because aquatic ecosystems are recognized as reservoirs for antibiotic resistant bacteria (arb) and args. in this study, ...201728555063
assessment of urinary pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of orbifloxacin in healthy dogs with ex vivo modelling.the aim of this study was to investigate the urinary pharmacokinetics (pk) of orbifloxacin (obfx) administered at 5 mg kg-1 in six healthy dogs. a further aim was to use an ex vivo model to evaluate the urinary pk and pharmacodynamics (pd) of obfx to determine its urinary bactericidal titre (ubt), which represents the maximal dilution of urine allowing bactericidal activity.201728470147
frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) in strains of klebsiella and e. coli isolated from patients hospitalized in yazd.frequency of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and its variants may vary in different geographical areas, as reports indicate their spread in some certain communities. the aim of this study was to determine the frequency of esbls in strains of klebsiella and e. coli, isolated from patients hospitalized in teaching hospitals of yazd.201728465811
environmental spread of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1-producing multidrug-resistant bacteria in dhaka, bangladesh.resistance to carbapenem antibiotics through the production of new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1 (ndm-1) constitutes an emerging challenge in the treatment of bacterial infections. to monitor the possible source of the spread of these organisms in dhaka, bangladesh, we conducted a comparative analysis of wastewater samples from hospital-adjacent areas (har) and from community areas (com), as well as public tap water samples, for the occurrence and characteristics of ndm-1-producing bacteria. of 72 ...201728526792
activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against surveillance and 'problem' enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and non-fermenters from the british isles.we assessed the activity of ceftolozane/tazobactam against consecutive isolates collected in the bsac bacteraemia surveillance from 2011 to 2015 and against 'problem' isolates sent to the uk national reference laboratory from july 2015, when routine testing began.201728520867
infected aortic and iliac aneurysms: clinical manifestations in the emergency departments of two hospitals in southern taiwan, china.accurate diagnosis of infected aortic and iliac aneurysms is often delayed, hampering timely treatment and potentially resulting in a fatal consequence. the aim of this study was to discover useful clinical features that can help physicians to identify these patients.201728458756
an uncommon st1224 ndm-1-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the bloodstream of a leukemia patient in china.this study aimed to analyze the clinical data and characteristics of an ndm-1 (new delhi metallo-β-lactamase-1)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from the bloodstream of a leukemia patient.201728490008
a 5-day antibiotic course for treatment of intermittent catheter-associated urinary tract infection in patients with spinal cord injury.this was a retrospective monocentric study conducted at centre calvé, france, with the objective of evaluating the effectiveness of a 5-day course of antibiotics for symptomatic (mild urinary tract infection, uti) or asymptomatic (abact) bacteriuria in patients with spinal cord injury on intermittent catheterization.201728503324
determining the possible etiology of hospital-acquired pneumonia using a clone library analysis in japan.obtaining precise etiological information regarding causative bacteria is important for the proper use of antimicrobials in hospital-acquired pneumonia (hap), which is associated with a high rate of mortality. the aim of this study was to comparatively investigate the bacterial diversity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (balf) in japanese patients with hap by the clone library method using the 16s rrna gene. this study included japanese patients with hap who were treated at our hospital and refer ...201728496015
bacteriological trends and antibiotic susceptibility patterns of clinical isolates at government cancer hospital, marathwada.preventing and starting early treatment of infections in patients whose immunity system is weak due to malignancies can reduce mortality. since our hospital is a newly constructed one, this study aimed to determine microbial and antibiotic resistance patterns in clinical samples of patients with cancer at our center to start early treatment before the results of clinical tests are known.201728485357
impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme on antibiotic usage and resistance in a tertiary hospital in china.antimicrobial misuse has been commonly observed in china. this phenomenon can cause antibiotic resistance. this study was designed to evaluate the impact of an antimicrobial stewardship programme implemented in a tertiary hospital in china from 2011 to 2014.201728485087
selective inhibition of escherichia coli rna and dna topoisomerase i by hoechst 33258 derived mono- and bisbenzimidazoles.a series of hoechst 33258 based mono- and bisbenzimidazoles have been synthesized and their escherichia coli dna topoisomerase i inhibition, binding to b-dna duplex, and antibacterial activity has been evaluated. bisbenzimidazoles with alkynyl side chains display excellent e. coli dna topoisomerase i inhibition properties with ic50 values <5.0 μm. several bisbenzimidazoles (3, 6, 7, 8) also inhibit rna topoisomerase activity of e. coli dna topoisomerase i. bisbenzimidazoles inhibit bacterial gro ...201728513176
study on mics of tigecycline in clinical isolates of carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre) at a tertiary care centre in north india.members of family enterobacteriaceae are the most common gram-negative bacteria isolated from clinical samples. those enterobacteriaceae which have acquired resistance to all β-lactams antibiotics including the carbapenems are considered as carbapenem resistant enterobacteriaceae (cre). these cre isolates are often resistant to most other classes of antimicrobials as well, making their treatment a great challenge. tigecycline is one of the last resort antimicrobials against such multidrug resist ...201728511383
changing antimicrobial resistance pattern of isolates from an icu over a 3 year period.to study the changing patterns of antimicrobial resistance in gram negative bacilli esp. escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa species and gram positive staphylococcus aureus isolates from a 37 bedded icu of a private hospital.201728457027
inhibition of nitric oxide production reverses diabetes-induced kupffer cell activation and klebsiella pneumonia liver translocation.klebsiella pneumoniae (kp) is the most common pathogen of pyogenic liver abscess in east and southeast asia and diabetes mellitus (dm) is a major risk factor. the effect and mechanism of diabetes on kp liver abscess was examined in streptozotocin-induced diabetic mice and akita mice (c57bl/6j-ins2akita). kp translocation to liver and plasma alaine transaminase levels were increased and liver clearance of kp was decreased in dm mice. diabetic mice exhibited overgrowth of enterococcus as well as e ...201728493939
[formulation of neomycin and streptomycin for the digestive decontamination of carbapenemases producing klebsiella pneumoniae]. 201728847258
prevalence of β-lactamase genes in domestic washing machines and dishwashers and the impact of laundering processes on antibiotic resistant bacteria.to investigate the prevalence of β-lactamase genes in domestic washing machines and dishwashers and the decontamination efficacy of laundering.201728845592
evaluation of the aid carbapenemase line probe assay for rapid detection and identification of carbapenemase genes in gram-negative bacilli.this study evaluated the aid carbapenemase line probe assay (lpa) for the detection and identification of carbapenem resistance genes in enterobacteriaceae and other gram-negative bacilli (gnb) using bacterial cultures and dna extracts directly from patient urine samples.201728402500
extended spectrum β-lactamase producing escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae: critical tools for antibiotic resistance pattern.drug resistance is a phenomenon where by an organism becomes fully or partially resistant to drugs or antibiotics being used against it. antibiotic resistance poses an exacting intimidation for people with underlying medical immune conditions or weakened immune systems. infections caused by the enzyme extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing multi drug resistance (mdr) enterobacteriaceae especially escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae are resistant to a broad range of beta lactams, i ...201728397262
direct detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ctx-m) from blood cultures by lc-ms/ms bottom-up proteomics.rapid bacterial species identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing in positive blood cultures have an important impact on the antibiotic treatment for patients. to identify extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbl) directly in positive blood culture bottles, we developed a workflow of saponin extraction followed by a bottom-up proteomics approach using liquid chromatography coupled to tandem mass spectrometry (lc-ms/ms). the workflow was applied to positive blood cultures with escherich ...201728397101
esbl production among e. coli and klebsiella spp. causing urinary tract infection: a hospital based study.increase in extended-spectrum β-lactamases (esbl) producing microbes in recent years has led to limitations of treatment options. this study aimed to assess the prevalence of esbl producing e. coli and klebsiella spp. at a tertiary hospital in nepal.201728553414
in vivo pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of zti-01 (fosfomycin for injection) in the neutropenic murine thigh infection model against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa.fosfomycin is a broad-spectrum agent with activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, including drug-resistant strains, such as extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase (esbl)-producing and carbapenem-resistant (cr) gram-negative rods. in the present study, the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic (pk/pd) activity of zti-01 (fosfomycin for injection) was evaluated in the neutropenic murine thigh infection model against 5 escherichia coli, 3 klebsiella pneumoniae, and 2 pseudomonas aeruginosa s ...201728396549
arginine-lysine positional swap of the ll-37 peptides reveals evolutional advantages of the native sequence and leads to bacterial probes.antimicrobial peptides are essential components of the innate immune system of multicellular organisms. although cationic and hydrophobic amino acids are known determinants of these amphipathic molecules for bacterial killing, it is not clear how lysine-arginine (k-r) positional swaps influence peptide structure and activity. this study addresses this question by investigating two groups of peptides (gf-17 and 17biphe2) derived from human cathelicidin ll-37. k-r positional swap showed little eff ...201728450045
indistinguishable ndm-producing escherichia coli isolated from recreational waters, sewage, and a clinical specimen in ireland, 2016 to 2017.in this study, new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (ndm)-producing enterobacteriaceae were identified in irish recreational waters and sewage. indistinguishable ndm-producing escherichia coli by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis were isolated from sewage, a fresh water stream and a human source. ndm-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from sewage and seawater in the same area were closely related to each other and to a human isolate. this raises concerns regarding the potential for sewage disch ...201728449738
natural product discovery from the human microbiome.human-associated microorganisms have the potential to biosynthesize numerous secondary metabolites that may mediate important host-microbe and microbe-microbe interactions. however, there is currently a limited understanding of microbiome-derived natural products. a variety of complementary discovery approaches have begun to illuminate this microbial "dark matter," which will in turn allow detailed mechanistic studies of the effects of these molecules on microbiome and host. herein, we review re ...201728389564
new delhi metallo-beta-lactamase (ndm-1)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from a burned patient.background infections affecting burn patients are frequently caused by staphylococcus aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and enterobacteriaceae species. infections with these pathogens have become increasingly difficult to treat due to evolving antibiotic resistance mechanisms, including the production of carbapenemases. case report the present case report describes the evolution of a burn patient with polymicrobial healthcare-associated burn infections, including a bloodstream infection due to an ...201728717120
the metabolite transporter peg344 is required for the full virulence of the hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae strain hvkp1 after pulmonary, but not subcutaneous challenge.hypervirulent klebsiella pneumoniae (hvkp) is an emerging pathotype that is capable of causing tissue-invasive, organ and life threatening infections in healthy individuals from the community. knowledge on the virulence factors specific to hvkp is limited. in this report we describe a new factor (peg344) that increases the virulence of the hvkp strain hvkp1. peg344 is present on the hvkp1 virulence plasmid, is broadly prevalent among hvkp strains, and has increased rna abundance when grown in hu ...201728717029
phosphoenolpyruvate phosphotransferase system components positively regulate klebsiella biofilm formation.klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the leading causes of device-related infections (dris), which are associated with attachment of bacteria to these devices to form a biofilm. the latter is composed of not only bacteria but also extracellular polymeric substances (epses) consisting of extracellular dnas, polysaccharides, and other macromolecules. the phosphoenolpyruvate (pep):carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (pts) regulates diverse processes of bacterial physiology. in the genome of k. pneumo ...201728716362
comparison of synergism between colistin, fosfomycin and tigecycline against extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae isolates or with carbapenem resistance.to investigate the synergistic and bactericidal effects of antimicrobial combinations of any two of colistin, fosfomycin and tigecycline against the nine extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producing klebsiella pneumoniae (kp) clinical isolates, including 4 carbapenem-susceptible strains and five imipenem and/or meropenem-resistant strains.201728716360
extensively drug-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae causing nosocomial bloodstream infections in china: molecular investigation of antibiotic resistance determinants, informing therapy, and clinical outcomes.the rise in diversity of antimicrobial resistance phenotypes seen in klebsiella pneumoniae is becoming a serious antibiotic management problem. we sought to investigate the molecular characteristics and clinical implications of extensively drug-resistant (xdr) k. pneumoniae isolated from different nosocomial bloodstream infections (bsis) patients from july 2013 to november 2015. even in combination treatment, meropenem did not protect against mortality of bsis patients (p = 0.015). in contrast, ...201728713357
a hospital-based matched case-control study to identify risk factors for clinical infection with oxa-48-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in rectal carriers.asymptomatic colonisation of the gastrointestinal tract by carbapenemase-producing enterobacteriaceae is an important reservoir for transmission, which may precede infection. this retrospective observational case-control study was designed to identify risk factors for developing clinical infection with oxa-48-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in rectal carriers during hospitalisation. case patients (n = 76) had carbapenemase-producing k. pneumoniae (cpkp) infection and positive rectal culture for ...201728712369
the plasmid-mediated fosfomycin resistance determinants and synergy of fosfomycin and meropenem in carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae isolates in taiwan.epidemiology of fosfomycin susceptibility and the plasmid-mediated fosfomycinase genes of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) isolates in taiwan remain unclear.201728705769
molecular detection of β-lactamase and integron genes in clinical strains of klebsiella pneumoniae by multiplex polymerase chain reaction.infections caused by β-lactamase-producing gram-negative bacteria, such as klebsiella pneumoniae, are increasing globally with high morbidity and mortality. the aim of the current study was to determine antimicrobial susceptibility patterns and the prevalence of antibiotic resistance genes (β-lactamase and integron genes) using multiplex pcr.201728700049
st37 klebsiella pneumoniae: development of carbapenem resistance in vivo during antimicrobial therapy in neonates.to investigate the mechanism leading to in vivo carbapenem resistance development in klebsiella pneumoniae.201728699768
prevalence and etiology of bacteremia in febrile children with sickle cell disease at a nigeria tertiary hospital.as a result of immune defects in sickle cell disease (scd), affected individuals are prone to infection from encapsulated bacterial pathogens like streptococcus pneumoniae. studies on the etiological agents of bacteremia in children with scd in nigeria are few and have revealed a spectrum of organisms that is different from those recorded in other parts of the world.201728698782
double carbapenem therapy (dct) for bacteremia due to carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp): from test tube to clinical practice. 201728695756
antimicrobial natural product research: a review from a south african perspective for the years 2009-2016.this review provides information on the antimicrobial research which has taken place on south african natural products for the last eight years (2009-2016). this important field is the backbone of all studies involving the use of medicinal plants against infectious diseases and hence can form the mainstay for future studies.201728694104
the prevalence of rectal carriage of klebsiella pneumoniae amongst diabetic patients and their clinical relevance in taiwan: a five-year prospective study.pyogenic liver abscess (pla) and bacteremia caused by klebsiella pneumoniae is a common complication among patients with diabetes mellitus (dm). the aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence of rectal carriage and serotype distribution of k. pneumoniae amongst dm patients and their clinical relevance.201728693930
prevalence of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) and the distribution of class 1 integron in their strains isolated from a hospital in central china.objective the aim of our study is to investigate the prevalence of carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) and the genetic characteristics of the class 1 integron in crkp on multi-drug resistance.methods clinical klebsiella pneumoniae strains were collected from multiple departments of a hospital in central china. crkp strains were identified among the isolates, and antibiotics susceptibility of crkp strains was analyzed. the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was adopted to amplify the c ...201728693691
resolution of carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae outbreak in a tertiary cancer center; the role of active surveillance. 201728693656
antibiofilm potential of 16-oxo-cleroda-3, 13(14) e-diene-15 oic acid and its five new γ-amino γ-lactone derivatives against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus mutans.the clerodane diterpenoids 16-oxo-cleroda-3, 13(14) e-diene-15 oic acid (1) and kolavenic acid (2) isolated from polyalthia longifolia var. pendula (linn.) were previously reported for their antimicrobial activity. thus present study was designed to investigate the biofilm inhibiting potential of these diterpenoids (1-2) and five new lactone derivatives (3-7) of 1 against methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), streptococcus mutans, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis. compou ...201728692914
successful liver transplantation despite donor-transmitted esbl-producing klebsiella pneumoniae infection: case report and review of the literature.donor-derived bacterial infection is a recognized complication of solid organ transplantation. patients admitted to the intensive care unit are increasingly exposed to infection with multidrug-resistant microorganisms. however, no specific recommendations are available about their suitability as donors. we report a case of donor-transmitted extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae infection in a liver recipient, and review the related literature.201728691772
a case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment at late stage following endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis.to report a case of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment in the late stage, despite the fact that it had previously been halted after intravitreal injection of an antimicrobial agent against endogenous bacterial endophthalmitis (ebe).201728690534
emergence of ceftazidime-avibactam resistance and restoration of carbapenem susceptibility in klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemase-producing k pneumoniae: a case report and review of literature.we used meropenem to successfully treat a patient with bacteremia due to ceftazidime-avibactam-resistant, meropenem- susceptible klebsiella pneumoniae that carried mutant blakpc-3. meropenem was bactericidal against ceftazidime-avibactam- resistant k pneumoniae isolates in vitro. nevertheless, the role of carbapenems in treating such infections remains uncertain, because meropenem resistance is selected readily during passage experiments.201728685153
association between virulence factors and extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing klebsiella pneumoniae compared to nonproducing isolates.klebsiella pneumoniae is considered an important opportunistic multidrug-resistant pathogen. extended spectrum β-lactamases (esbls) and expression of a multitude of virulence factors may work in a harmony resulting in treatment failure. this study was undertaken to compare the virulence characteristics and genetic relatedness between esbl and non-esbl producing k. pneumoniae. methods. antibiotic sensitivity test of all isolates was determined by disc diffusion assay. phenotypic and genotypic det ...201728684959
draft genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant sequence type 231 outbreak-associated clone of klebsiella pneumoniae, kp41-2015, producing oxa-232 carbapenemase.carbapenem-resistant klebsiella pneumoniae infection is a rising public health threat due to limited therapeutic options. here, we report the genome sequence of a multidrug-resistant k. pneumoniae sequence type 231 (st231) strain associated with an outbreak of infections in an intensive care unit that carries a unique complement of resistance determinants.201728684582
production of chemicals by klebsiella pneumoniae using bamboo hydrolysate as feedstock.bamboo is an important biomass, and bamboo hydrolysate is used by klebsiella pneumoniae as a feedstock for chemical production. here, bamboo powder was pretreated with naoh and washed to a neutral ph. cellulase was added to the pretreated bamboo powder to generate the hydrolysate, which contained 30 g/l glucose and 15 g/l xylose and was used as the carbon source to prepare a medium for chemical production. when cultured in microaerobic conditions, 12.7 g/l 2,3-butanediol was produced by wildtype ...201728715380
clinical outcomes associated with carbapenem resistant klebsiella pneumoniae (crkp) in abdominal solid organ transplant (sot) recipients. 201728714754
synthetic multispecies microbial communities reveals shifts in secondary metabolism and facilitates cryptic natural product discovery.chemically mediated interactions have been hypothesized to be essential for ecosystem functioning as co-occurring organisms can influence the performance of each other by metabolic means. here, we present a co-culture device that allows co-culturing of microorganisms that are physically separated but can exchange chemical signals and metabolites. this setup was adopted to perform investigations on the secondary metabolisms of both a fungal-bacterial community and an actinomycetic-actinomycetic c ...201728714207
phenotypic and genotypic characterization of clinically relevant bacteria isolated from dental waste and waste workers' hands, mucosas and coats.infectious wastes are potential sources of pathogenic micro-organisms, which may represent a risk to the professionals who manage them. in this study, we aimed to characterize the infectious bacteria present in dental waste and waste workers. the dental waste produced over 24 h was collected and waste workers were sampled by swabbing. isolate resistance profiles were characterized by vitek(®) and pcr and biofilm formation by congo red agar, string test and microtitre assay. to assess similarity ...201728712134
outbreak of colistin-resistant carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae in tunisia.mechanisms of colistin and carbapenem resistance among a collection of klebsiella pneumoniae isolates recovered in a university hospital in tunisia were studied.201728711559
effectiveness of a double-carbapenem regimen in a kpc-producing klebsiella pneumoniae infection in an immunocompromised patient.the progressive increase of infections produced by extensively drug-resistant carbapenemase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae (xdr-cpkp) represents an important threat to public health. unfortunately, optimal therapeutic options are scarce. retrospective studies have recommended combined therapy with more than one antibiotic and, more recently, a double-carbapenem regimen has been reported to be an effective alternative therapy. here, we describe an episode of sepsis in an immunocompromised patien ...201728708458
detection of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in klebsiella pneumoniae in western, iran.production of beta-lactamase enzymes, especially extended-spectrum beta -lactamases (esbl), is a primary mechanism of resistance in these bacteria. the purpose of this study was detection of blatem, blashv, blactx-m, blactx-m-15, blaper and blaveb in k. pneumoniae, isolated from clinical specimens by the pcr method and antibiotic susceptibility patterns in these strains isolated, in sanandaj city, iran.201728707597
draft whole-genome assemblies of drug-resistant clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae from the philippines.here, we report the draft assemblies of 11 clinical isolates of klebsiella pneumoniae that are resistant to cephalosporins, carbapenems, and/or colistin. the assemblies ranged from 5.37 mbp to 5.70 mbp in size. several plasmid sequences were present, and resistance genes spanning multiple classes of antibiotics were predicted.201728705960
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