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consequences of disrupting salmonella ai-2 signaling on interactions within soft rots.within soft rots, salmonella spp. reach population densities 10- to 100-fold higher than within intact plants. the hypothesis that salmonella spp. exchange ai-2 signals with pectobacterium carotovorum to increase its competitive fitness was tested using mutants involved in ai-2 production (luxs) or perception (lsracdbf or lsrg). co-infections of a wild-type salmonella sp. and its ai-2 mutants (at ≈3 to 10(4)) were established in green or red tomato ('fl 47' or 'campari' for 3 or 5 days) as well ...201323324045
ethylene response factor 96 positively regulates arabidopsis resistance to necrotrophic pathogens by direct binding to gcc elements of jasmonate - and ethylene-responsive defence genes.the erf (ethylene responsive factor) family is composed of transcription factors (tfs) that are critical for appropriate arabidopsis thaliana responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. here we identified and characterized a member of the erf tf group ix, namely erf96, that when overexpressed enhances arabidopsis resistance to necrotrophic pathogens such as the fungus botrytis cinerea and the bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum. erf96 is jasmonate (ja) and ethylene (et) responsive and erf96 trans ...201526038230
draft genome sequence of pantoea agglomerans r190, a producer of antibiotics against phytopathogens and foodborne pathogens.pantoea agglomerans r190, isolated from an apple orchard, showed antibacterial activity against various spoilage bacteria, including pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, and foodborne pathogens such as escherichia coli o157:h7. here, we report the genome sequence of p. agglomerans r190. this report will raise the value of p. agglomerans as an agent for biocontrol of disease.201425087741
[species composition of agents of the horsetail common (equisetum arvense l.) bacteriosises].bacterial diseases of weeds horsetail common (equisetum arvense l.) were revealed in the crops of wheat and soya in the fields of kyiv and vinnitsia regions of ukraine. the distinctive symptoms of bacterial affections on the root neck, on stalks of vegetative and spore shoots, on twigs were brown, dark brown or almost black necrotic spots of oblong form. the necroses increased in size, embraced the stalks. the stalks broke, the plants dried up. patterns of affected plants, isolated and identifie ...201222830194
pectobacterium aroidearum sp. nov., a soft rot pathogen with preference for monocotyledonous plants.several pectolytic bacterial strains, mainly isolated from monocotyledonous plants and previously identified as pectobacterium carotovorum, were thought to belong to a novel species after several taxonomic analyses including dna-dna hybridization. in 16s rrna gene sequence analyses, these strains had a similarity of >97.9 % to the 16s rrna gene sequence of strains representing six other pectobacterial species and subspecies. these strains, represented by strain scri 109(t), also showed some uniq ...201323223819
activation of a casb gene encoding β-glucosidase of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34.two cas genes were isolated from pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34 (pcc ly34). sequence analysis of the 4873 bp cloned dna fragment (accession number ay866383) revealed two open reading frames (casf and casb) that are predicted to encode 658 and 467 amino acid proteins, respectively. the casf protein is similar to other pts enzyme ii components. casb encodes β-glucosidase, a member of the glycosyl hydrolase family 1. an inverted repeat sequence was identified in the casb promote ...201323176777
consequences of flagellin export through the type iii secretion system of pseudomonas syringae reveal a major difference in the innate immune systems of mammals and the model plant nicotiana benthamiana.bacterial flagellin is perceived as a microbe (or pathogen)-associated molecular pattern (mamp or pamp) by the extracellular pattern recognition receptors, fls2 and tlr5, of plants and mammals respectively. flagellin accidently translocated into mammalian cells by pathogen type iii secretion systems (t3sss) is recognized by nucleotide-binding leucine-rich repeat receptor nlrc4 as a pattern of pathogenesis and induces a death-associated immune response. the non-pathogen pseudomonas fluorescens pf ...201323107228
identification of the major proteins of the virions of bacteriophage zf40 pectobacterium carotovorum.the vast variety of bacteriophages and the uniqueness of their individual representatives dictate to perform the detailed study of the actual phage-cell interactions, the virion morphogenesis and morphopoiesis in particular. an analysis of the complete genome sequence of the temperate phage zf40 pectobacterium carotovorum has shown that it is a representative of a unique group of phages of the myoviridae family [comeau a. m, tremblay d., moineau s., rattei t., kushkina a. i, tovkach f i., h.m. k ...201223088102
priming of the arabidopsis pattern-triggered immunity response upon infection by necrotrophic pectobacterium carotovorum bacteria.boosted responsiveness of plant cells to stress at the onset of pathogen- or chemically induced resistance is called priming. the chemical β-aminobutyric acid (baba) enhances arabidopsis thaliana resistance to hemibiotrophic bacteria through the priming of the salicylic acid (sa) defence response. whether baba increases arabidopsis resistance to the necrotrophic bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum ssp. carotovorum (pcc) is not clear. in this work, we show that treatment with baba protects arabi ...201322947164
[function of flgk gene in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp, carotovorum].to investigate functions of flgkpcc gene in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (p. c. c).201222934350
taxonomic relatedness between pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. odoriferum and pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense subsp. nov.pectobacterium carotovorum is a heterogeneous species consisting of two named subspecies, p. carotovorum subsp. carotovorum and p. carotovorum subsp. odoriferum. a third subspecies, p. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense, was previously proposed. the study aimed to confirm the subspecies status and validate the proposed name of p. carotovorum subsp. brasiliense using a novel and standard microbial taxonomy.201222747943
over-expression of rice leucine-rich repeat protein results in activation of defense response, thereby enhancing resistance to bacterial soft rot in chinese cabbage.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum causes soft rot disease in various plants, including chinese cabbage. the simple extracellular leucine-rich repeat (elrr) domain proteins have been implicated in disease resistance. rice leucine-rich repeat protein (oslrp), a rice simple elrr domain protein, is induced by pathogens, phytohormones, and salt. to see whether oslrp enhances disease resistance to bacterial soft rot, oslrp was introduced into chinese cabbage by agrobacterium-mediated trans ...201222717673
[dissociation of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorumrelated to the changes in the cell wall lipopolysaccharide].it is shown for the first time that population heterogeneity of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum is applicable to a wide range of strains and therefore is a universal characteristic. using the method of specific selection with the help of carotovoricins which are identical to the phage tails a set of population dissociants of different types was obtained, due to the fact that s-lps is the part of the cell wall which contains their attachment sites. it was determined that changes in ...201222545443
characteristics of defective phage particles of pectobacterium carotovorum zm1.it is shown for the first time that the expression products of defective prophages are typical of defective lysogenic systems of phytopathogenic pectobacterium carotovorum. it is established that virus-like particles (lp) such as phage capsids are packing bacterial dna which size is determined by pulse field gel electrophoresis separation. based on data about capsid structures which are formed by the virulent mutant zf40/421, there is made a suggestion about the forming mechanism of defective vi ...201222545442
cloning and biochemical analysis of β-glucoside utilization (bgl) operon without phosphotransferase system in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34.β-glucosidases are widespread in bacteria and involved in the metabolism of various carbohydrate substrates. studying of β-glucoside utilization (bgl) operons on operon of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum ly34 (pcc ly34) will help us understanding how β-glucoside utilization (bgl) operon can cooperate with other systems in bacterium caused soft-rot disease. pcc ly34 causes soft-rot disease in plants and expresses multiple enzymatic forms of β-glucosidases. to fully explore the β-glu ...201222502871
identification and characterization of stress resistance related genes of brassica rapa.two biotic stress resistance related genes from the full-length cdna library of brassica rapa cv. osome were identified from est analysis and determined to be pathogenesis-related (pr) 12 brassica defensin-like family protein (brdlfp) and pr-10 brassica betv1 allergen family protein (brbetv1afp) after sequence analysis and homology study with other stress resistance related same family genes. in the expression analysis, both genes expressed in different organs and during all developmental growth ...201222286206
effect of oxygen on the growth and biofilm formation of xylella fastidiosa in liquid media.xylella fastidiosa is a xylem-limited bacterial pathogen, and is the causative agent of pierce's disease of grapevines and scorch diseases of many other plant species. the disease symptoms are putatively due to blocking of the transpiration stream by bacterial-induced biofilm formation and/or by the formation of plant-generated tylosis. xylella fastidiosa has been classified as an obligate aerobe, which appears unusual given that dissolved o2 levels in the xylem during the growing season are oft ...201425100224
effects of pesticides on the reduction of plant and human pathogenic bacteria in application water.overhead spray applications of in-field tomato treatments dissolved in aqueous solutions have specific pest targets (fungal, bacterial, insect, or other). any organism present in the solution or on treated plant surfaces that is not a specific target of the application is unlikely inactivated and can instead be spread through the phyllosphere. in this laboratory study, commercially labeled pesticides (including actigard 50wg, bravo weather stik 6f, cabrio 20eg, kasumin, kocide 3000 46wg, oxidate ...201323575141
molecular and biochemical characterization of recombinant cel12b, cel8c, and peh28 overexpressed in escherichia coli and their potential in biofuel production.the high crystallinity of cellulosic biomass myofibrils as well as the complexity of their intermolecular structure is a significant impediment for biofuel production. cloning of celb-, celc-encoded cellulases (cel12b and cel8c) and peh-encoded polygalacturonase (peh28) from pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum (pcc) was carried out in our previous study using escherichia coli as a host vector. the current study partially characterizes the enzymes' molecular structures as well as their ...201728413443
genomic characterization of bacteriophage vb_pcap_pp2 infecting pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum, a new member of a proposed genus in the subfamily autographivirinae.bacteriophage vb_pcap_pp2 (pp2) is a novel virulent phage that infects the plant-pathogenic bacterium pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum. pp2 phage has a 41,841-bp double-stranded dna encoding 47 proteins, and it was identified as a member of the family podoviridae by transmission electron microscopy. nineteen of its open reading frames (orfs) show homology to functional proteins, and 28 orfs have been characterized as hypothetical proteins. pp2 phage is homologous to cronobacter phag ...201728409265
morphological features of different polyploids for adaptation and molecular characterization of cc-nbs-lrr and lea gene families in agave l.polyploidy has been widely described in many agave l. species, but its influence on environmental response to stress is still unknown. with the objective of knowing the morphological adaptations and regulation responses of genes related to biotic (lea) and abiotic (nbs-lrr) stress in species of agave with different levels of ploidy, and how these factors contribute to major response of agave against environmental stresses, we analyzed 16 morphological trials on five accessions of three species ( ...201627016883
drosophila larvae food intake cessation following exposure to erwinia contaminated media requires odor perception, trpa1 channel and evf virulence factor.when exposed to microorganisms, animals use several protective strategies. on one hand, as elegantly exemplified in drosophila melanogaster, the innate immune system recognizes microbial compounds and triggers an antimicrobial response. on the other hand, behaviors preventing an extensive contact with the microbes and thus reducing the risk of infection have been described. however, these reactions ranging from microbes aversion to intestinal transit increase or food intake decrease have been ra ...201728232220
jnk/foxo mediated peroxiredoxinv expression regulates redox homeostasis during drosophila melanogaster gut infection.innate immunity plays an important role in combating microbial infection in animals. during bacterial infection in drosophila melanogaster gut, dual oxidase (duox) generates reactive oxygen species (ros) to fight against the infected microbes. concurrently, antioxidant systems eliminate residual ros and protect the hosts. here we found that drosophila melanogaster peroxiredoxin v (dprxv) is an immune-related antioxidant enzyme which maintains intestinal redox homeostasis. dprxv was highly expres ...201222858408
penicitroamide, an antimicrobial metabolite with high carbonylization from the endophytic fungus penicillium sp. (no. 24).penicitroamide (1), a new metabolite with a new framework, was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract of the pdb (potato dextrose broth) medium of penicillium sp. (no. 24). the endophytic fungus penicillium sp. (no. 24) was obtained from the healthy leaves of tapiscia sinensis oliv. the structure of penicitroamide (1) features a bicyclo[3.2.1]octane core unit with a high degree of carbonylization (four carbonyl groups and one enol group). the chemical structure of penicitroamide (1) was elucida ...201627801845
lytic peptidase l5 of lysobacter sp. xl1 with broad antimicrobial spectrum.the gram-negative bacterium lysobacter sp. xl1 secretes lytic enzymes (l1-l5) into the culture medium. enzyme l5 is the most recently found extracellular lytic enzyme of this bacterium. the paper presents the results of the isolation and characterization of some properties of this enzyme. thus, enzyme l5 of lysobacter sp. xl1 is a lytic serine protease. earlier, the enzyme was shown to be secreted into the culture medium by means of outer membrane vesicles, which possess a lytic effect towards l ...201424434599
pcr denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis as a useful method to identify of intestinal bacteria flora in haemaphysalis flava ticks.ticks are blood-sucking ectoparasites of great medical and veterinary significance that can transmit bacteria, protozoa, fungi and viruses, causing a variety of human and animal diseases worldwide. in the present study, the intestinal bacterial flora associated with haemaphysalis flava ticks in different developmental stages were analyzed using polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). eleven distinct dgge bands were found using pcr-dgge method. sequence ...201728426403
plant growth and resistance promoted by streptomyces spp. in tomato.plant growth promoting rhizobacteria (pgpr) represent an alternative to improve plant growth and yield as well as to act as agents of biocontrol. this study characterized isolates of streptomyces spp. (stm) as pgpr, determined the antagonism of these isolates against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliensis (pcb), evaluated the ability of stm on promoting growth and modulating the defense-related metabolism of tomato plants, and the potential of stm isolates on reducing soft rot disease in ...201728756346
wrky70 and its homolog wrky54 negatively modulate the cell wall-associated defenses to necrotrophic pathogens in arabidopsis.previous studies have identified the arabidopsis thaliana transcription factor wrky70 as a node of convergence for salicylic acid (sa) and jasmonic acid (ja)-mediated defense signal pathways and, together with its closest homolog wrky54, as a negative regulator of sa biosynthesis. here, we demonstrate that wrky70 together with wrky54 negatively affect the response of arabidopsis to the necrotrophic pathogens pectobacterium carotovorum and botrytis cinerea, but not to the hemibiotroph pseudomonas ...201728837631
a novel quorum-quenching n-acylhomoserine lactone acylase from acidovorax sp. strain mr-s7 mediates antibiotic resistance.n-acylhomoserine lactone acylase (ahl acylase) is a well-known enzyme responsible for disrupting cell-cell communication (quorum sensing) in bacteria. here, we isolated and characterized a novel and unique ahl acylase (designated macq) from a multidrug-resistant bacterium, acidovorax sp. strain mr-s7. the purified macq protein heterologously expressed in escherichia coli degraded a wide variety of ahls, ranging from c6 to c14 side chains with or without 3-oxo substitutions. we also observed that ...201728455333
analysis of bacterial carbapenem antibiotic production genes reveals a novel β-lactam biosynthesis pathway.carbapenems are β-lactam antibiotics which have an increasing utility in chemotherapy, particularly for nosocomial, multidrug-resistant infections. strain gs101 of the bacterial phytopathogen, erwinia carotovora, makes the simple β-lactam antibiotic, 1-carbapen-2-em-3-carboxylic acid. we have mapped and sequenced the erwinia genes encoding carbapenem production and have cloned these genes into escherichia coli where we have reconstituted, for the first time, functional expression of the β-lactam ...199628777504
bacterial diseases of bananas and enset: current state of knowledge and integrated approaches toward sustainable management.bacterial diseases of bananas and enset have not received, until recently, an equal amount of attention compared to other major threats to banana production such as the fungal diseases black leaf streak (mycosphaerella fijiensis) and fusarium wilt (fusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense). however, bacteria cause significant impacts on bananas globally and management practices are not always well known or adopted by farmers. bacterial diseases in bananas and enset can be divided into three groups: (1) ...201728785275
the ribosomal protein rply is required for pectobacterium carotovorum virulence and is induced by zantedeschia elliotiana extract.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum strain pccs1, a bacterial pathogen causing soft rot disease of zantedeschia elliotiana (colored calla), was investigated for virulence genes induced by the host plant. using a promoter-trap transposon (mariner), we obtained 500 transposon mutants showing kanamycin resistance dependent on extract of z. elliotiana. one of these mutants, pm86, exhibited attenuated virulence on both z. elliotiana and brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis. the growth of pm86 wa ...201728853642
sde5, a putative rna export protein, participates in plant innate immunity through a flagellin-dependent signaling pathway in arabidopsis.in eukaryotes, rna silencing, mediated by small interfering rnas, is an evolutionarily widespread and versatile silencing mechanism that plays an important role in various biological processes. increasing evidences suggest that various components of rna silencing pathway are involved in plant defense machinery against microbial pathogens in arabidopsis thaliana. here, we show genetic and molecular evidence that arabidopsis sde5 is required to generate an effective resistance against the biotroph ...201728851870
the arabidopsis defensin gene, atpdf1.1, mediates defence against pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum via an iron-withholding defence system.plant defensins (pdfs) are cysteine-rich peptides that have a range of biological functions, including defence against fungal pathogens. however, little is known about their role in defence against bacteria. in this study, we showed that the protein encoded by arabidopsis thaliana plant defensin type 1.1 (atpdf1.1) is a secreted protein that can chelate apoplastic iron. transcripts of atpdf1.1 were induced in both systemic non-infected leaves of arabidopsis thaliana plants and those infected wit ...201728835670
the sal-pap chloroplast retrograde pathway contributes to plant immunity by regulating glucosinolate pathway and phytohormone signaling.chloroplasts have a crucial role in plant immunity against pathogens. increasing evidence suggests that phytopathogens target chloroplast homeostasis as a pathogenicity mechanism. in order to regulate the performance of chloroplasts under stress conditions, chloroplasts produce retrograde signals to alter nuclear gene expression. many signals for the chloroplast retrograde pathway have been identified, including chlorophyll intermediates, reactive oxygen species, and metabolic retrograde signals ...201728703028
a novel stress response mechanism, triggered by indole, involved in quorum quenching enzyme moml and iron-sulfur cluster in muricauda olearia th120.indole, as a signal molecule, is involved in multiple physiological behavior including biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and virulence. in this study, we demonstrated that indole was involved in iron deficient and h2o2 stress response in muricauda olearia th120. transcriptome analysis showed that totally 206 genes were regulated by exogenous indole. besides, moml-suf gene cluster, consisting of quorum quenching enzyme coding gene moml and iron-sulfur biosynthetic genes suf, were involved ...201728652609
cytr homolog of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum controls air-liquid biofilm formation by regulating multiple genes involved in cellulose production, c-di-gmp signaling, motility, and type iii secretion system in response to nutritional and environmental signals.pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. carotovorum [pcc (formerly erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora)] pc1 causes soft-rot disease in a wide variety of plant species by secreting multiple pathogenicity-related traits. in this study, regulatory mechanism of air-liquid (al) biofilm formation was studied using a cytr homolog gene deletion mutant (δcytr) of pcc pc1. compared to the wild type (pcc pc1), the δcytr mutant produced fragile and significantly (p < 0.001) lower amounts of al biofilm on salt-o ...201728620360
oxygen-dependent globin coupled sensor signaling modulates motility and virulence of the plant pathogen pectobacterium carotovorum.bacterial pathogens utilize numerous signals to identify the presence of their host and coordinate changes in gene expression that allow for infection. within plant pathogens, these signals typically include small molecules and/or proteins from their plant hosts and bacterial quorum sensing molecules to ensure sufficient bacterial cell density for successful infection. in addition, bacteria use environmental signals to identify conditions when the host defenses are weakened and potentially to si ...201728612602
pectin-conjugated silica microcapsules as dual-responsive carriers for increasing the stability and antimicrobial efficacy of kasugamycin.kasugamycin is an aminoglycoside antibiotic originally isolated from streptomyces kasugaensis, which has been widely used for the management of plant diseases. however, photo-thermal instability and low efficiency limit its application. therefore, it is an urgent task to prevent unwanted loss of kasugamycin and ensure maximum bioactivity at target site. in this work, a novel formulation of kasugamycin that responds to different biological stimuli produced by pests was prepared using silica micro ...201728606541
influence of the ferric uptake regulator (fur) protein on pathogenicity in pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense.iron is an important nutrient for the survival and growth of many organisms. in order to survive, iron uptake from the environment must be strictly regulated and maintained to avoid iron toxicity. the ferric uptake regulator protein (fur) regulates genes involved in iron homeostasis in many bacteria, including phytopathogens. however, to date, the role played by fur in the biology of pectobacterium carotovorum subsp. brasiliense (pcb1692), an important pathogen of potatoes, has not yet been stud ...201728545065
signal integration in quorum sensing enables cross-species induction of virulence in pectobacterium wasabiae.bacterial communities can sense their neighbors, regulating group behaviors in response to cell density and environmental changes. the diversity of signaling networks in a single species has been postulated to allow custom responses to different stimuli; however, little is known about how multiple signals are integrated and the implications of this integration in different ecological contexts. in the plant pathogen pectobacterium wasabiae (formerly erwinia carotovora), two signaling networks-the ...201728536283
hqia, a novel quorum-quenching enzyme which expands the ahl lactonase family.the screening of a metagenomic library of 250,000 clones generated from a hypersaline soil (spain) allowed us to identify a single positive clone which confers the ability to degrade n-acyl homoserine lactones (ahls). the sequencing of the fosmid revealed a 42,318 bp environmental insert characterized by 46 orfs. the subcloning of these orfs demonstrated that a single gene (hqia) allowed ahl degradation. enzymatic analysis using purified hqia and hplc/ms revealed that this protein has lactonase ...201728424524
[peg-chitosan branched copolymers to improve the biocatalytic properties of erwinia carotovora recombinant l-asparaginase].a new approach to the regulation of catalytic properties of medically relevant enzymes has been proposed using the novel recombinant preparation of l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora (ewa), a promising antitumor agent. new branched co-polymers of different composition based on chitosan modified with polyethylene glycol (peg) molecules, designated as peg-chitosan, have been synthesized. peg-chitosan copolymers were further conjugated with ewa. in order to optimize the catalytic properties of ...201526350739
taking advantage of electric field induced bacterial aggregation for the study of interactions between bacteria and macromolecules by capillary electrophoresis.the quantification of interaction stoichiometry and binding constant between bacteria (or other microorganism) and (macro)molecules remains a challenging issue for which only a few adapted methods are available. in this paper, a new methodology was developed for the determination of the interaction stoichiometry and binding constant between bacteria and (macro)molecules. the originality of this work is to take advantage of the bacterial aggregation phenomenon to directly quantify the free ligand ...201526086209
peg-chitosan and glycol-chitosan for improvement of biopharmaceutical properties of recombinant l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora.conjugation with the new branched copolymers, peg-chitosan and glycol-chitosan, is suggested to improve the therapeutic properties of l-asparaginase from erwinia carotovora (ewa). the structure and composition of such conjugates were optimized for maximal catalytic efficiency (kcat/km) under physiological conditions, yielding improvement by a factor of 3-6 compared to the native enzyme. this effect is attributed mainly to the shift of ph activity profile towards lower ph values due to the polyca ...201525754046
simplification of vacuole structure during plant cell death triggered by culture filtrates of erwinia carotovora.vacuoles are suggested to play crucial roles in plant defense-related cell death. during programmed cell death, previous live cell imaging studies have observed vacuoles to become simpler in structure and have implicated this simplification as a prelude to the vacuole's rupture and consequent lysis of the plasma membrane. here, we examined dynamics of the vacuole in cell cycle-synchronized tobacco by-2 (nicotiana tabacum l. cv. bright yellow 2) cells during cell death induced by application of c ...201525359592
[expression of cecropin p1 gene increases resistance of camelina sativa (l.) plants to microbial phytopathogenes].transgenic plants of camelina (camelina sativa (l.) crantz) with the synthetic gene of antimicrobial peptide cecropin p1 (cecp1) were obtained. agrobacterium-mediated transformation is performed using the binary vector pga482::cecp1 by vacuum infiltration of flower buds. the presence of the cecp1 gene in the genome of plants was confirmed by pcr. cecp1 gene expression in transgenic plants was shown by western blot analysis and by antimicrobial activity of plant extracts against the bacterial phy ...201324159802
characterization of the small rna transcriptome in plant-microbe (brassica/erwinia) interactions by high-throughput sequencing.non-coding, small rnas (srnas) have been identified in a wide spectrum of organisms ranging from bacteria to humans; however, the role and mechanisms of these srna in plant immunity is largely unknown. to determine possible roles of srna in plant-pathogen interaction, we carried out a high-throughput srna sequencing of brassica campestris using non-infected plants and plants infected with erwinia carotovora. consistent with our hypothesis that distinct classes of host srnas alerts their expressi ...201424126536
[catalytic properties of enzymes from erwinia carotovora involved in transamination of phenylpyruvate].km for l-phenylalanine, l-glutamic acid, l-aspartic acid, and the corresponding keto acids were calculated, as well as vmax, was measured for the following pairs of substrates: l-phenylalanine-2-ketoglutarate, l-phenylalanine-oxaloacetate, l-glutamic acid-phenylpyruvate, and l-aspartic acid-phenylpyruvate for aminotransferases pati, pat2, and pat3 from erwinia carotovora catalyzing transamination of phenylpyruvate. the ping-pong bi-bi mechanism was shown for the studied aminotransferases. the su ...201623795470
field enhanced bacterial sample stacking in isotachophoresis using wide-bore capillaries.the isotachophoretic analysis of different bacterial strains was studied using capillaries with different internal diameters from 50 to 250 μm. several injection modes were investigated and compared in order to improve the limit of detection of bacteria by capillary isotachophoresis. a system suitability test obtained from the separation voltage was developed to ensure reliable results. as expected, the use of wider bore capillaries improved the analytical sensitivity of the isotachophoretic met ...201223137865
isolation, purification, and characterization of phenylpyruvate transaminating enzymes of erwinia carotovora.enzymes of erwinia carotovora that transaminate phenylpyruvate were isolated, purified, and characterized. two aromatic aminotransferases (pat1 and pat2) and an aspartic aminotransferase (pat3) were found. according to gel filtration, these enzymes have molecular weights of 76, 75, and 78 kda. the enzymes consist of two identical subunits of molecular weights of 31.4, 31, and 36.5 kda, respectively. the isoelectric points of pat1, pat2, and pat3 were determined as 3.6, 3.9, and 4.7, respectively ...201222339639
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