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heterogeneity in ampr-ampc gene interaction in enterobacter cloacae.the ampr gene and its regulation of ampc beta-lactamase synthesis were investigated for enterobacter cloacae 1194e, a wild-type strain producing a group a (pi 8.7) enzyme. expression of the cloned e. cloacae 1194e ampr-ampc region was examined initially in escherichia coli hb101. however, transformants showed only constitutive beta-lactamase expression. for study of enzyme expression in a more closely related host, the cloned e. cloacae 1194e ampr-ampc region was transformed into e. cloacae 55, ...19883263686
cephalosporinase interactions and antimicrobial activity of bmy-28142, ceftazidime and cefotaxime.cephalosporinases of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii were responsible for resistance to newer cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime but not bmy-28142. interaction of these cephalosporins including hydrolysis, binding, inhibition, and inactivation with cephalosporinases from e. cloacae gn7471 and c. freundii gn7391 were studied. bmy-28142 was much more stable against the both enzymes than cephalothin, but more hydrolyzable than cefotaxime and ceftazidime at higher concen ...19883279015
the humoral defense system in tsetse: differences in response due to age, sex and antigen types.inoculation of live escherichia coli into tsetse flies, glossina morsitans morsitans, stimulated a higher antibacterial immune response in females than in males. it increased with age in females from emergence to approximately 2 weeks and thereafter declined. in males, there was also a significant decrease in immune response with aging. inoculation of killed bacteria failed to stimulate antibacterial activity but stimulated a lysozyme response which was weaker than that stimulated by live bacter ...19883384155
epidemiology of fecal strains of the family enterobacteriaceae in 22 neonatal wards and influence of antibiotic policy.the gram-negative fecal floras from 953 infants were studied upon discharge of the infants from 22 neonatal wards. more than 600 distinct phenotypes of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., and enterobacter spp. were distinguished by high-resolution biotyping. the colonization patterns observed showed considerable local and temporal variation. the major (m) strains (phenotypes), which colonized more than 10% and up to 78% of the infants in a ward (median, 23%), were klebsiella oxytoca (15 strains), ...19883384927
acute necrotizing pneumonia caused by enterobacter cloacae.we have described a 55-year-old man with fever, productive cough, and a right upper lobe infiltrate, which subsequently cavitated. cultures of bronchial secretions obtained by bronchoscopic protected brush catheter technique revealed enterobacter cloacae, a previously unreported cause of acute necrotizing pneumonia.19883406788
bacteremia complicating acute leukemia with special reference to its incidence and changing etiological patterns.over the 15-yr period, 1972-1986, 194 episodes of bacteremia occurred in 132 patients with acute leukemia at the third department of medicine, kanazawa university hospital, giving an incidence of 478 episodes per 1,000 hospital admissions. this incidence was at least twice as high as that in patients with chronic leukemia, malignant lymphoma, multiple myeloma or aplastic anemia, and about 40-fold higher than that in patients with all other internal diseases. the rate of occurrence of bacteremia, ...19883411788
[non-clostridial gas-producing brain abscess in a brain death patient--report of a case].a 46 year old female was admitted to our emergency room because of cardiopulmonary arrest by hanging. after ten minutes cardiopulmonary resuscitation, she was resuscitated but her consciousness did'nt recover. ct-scans on the day of admission showed no abnormalities but on the second hospital day it showed symmetrical low density areas within the basal ganglia, the thalamus, the hippocampus, and the occipital lobe. there were marked enhanced effect in cerebral sulci due to cytotoxic edema of hyp ...19883293638
enterobacter meningitis--treatment complicated by emergence of mutants resistant to cefotaxime.a case of enterobacter cloacae meningitis in a postoperative patient is reported. a slow response to cefotaxime necessitated the use of gentamicin and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole for cure. two types of resistance in the strain of e. cloacae isolated to cefotaxime were demonstrated: an inducible beta-lactamase that likely was the cause of the poor response to cefotaxime and a constitutive beta-lactamase in a mutant strain detected by a disc susceptibility test.19873423747
cefodizime in serum and skin blister fluid after single intravenous and intramuscular doses in healthy volunteers.in gonorrhea therapy, cephalosporins are conventionally administered by intramuscular (i.m.) injection, which rather frequently leads to local side effects. to investigate whether the well-tolerated intravenous (i.v.) injection of cephalosporins may be of comparable gonocidal effect, levels of cefodizime, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin, in serum and tissue fluid (suction blister and cantharides blister fluid) were determined in six healthy men. single doses of 1 g of cefodizime were injected ...19873435129
structure-activity relationships amongst beta-lactamase inhibitors.using a variety of beta-lactamases including those from escherichia coli (tem-1), enterobacter cloacae p99 and staphylococcus aureus the inhibition profiles (i50 values) were determined for various groups of compounds including penicillins, penicillanic acid derivatives (sulphone and beta-halo substitutions), olivanic acids and clavulanic acid derivatives including substituted ethers and amines. some of the latter compounds had higher activity than clavulanic acid with and without preincubation ...19863334242
[primary enterobacter cloacae bacteremia with complicating splenic abscess]. 19883367878
a large family of bacterial activator proteins.at least nine different bacterial proteins belong to the lysr family. the gene sequence for one of these proteins is presented here. six others (escherichia coli lysr, ilvy, cysb; salmonella typhimurium metr; rhizobium nodd; and enterobacter cloacae ampr) are known to activate other genes. based on sequence alignments, each member of this family is predicted to have a helix-turn-helix dna binding motif near its amino terminus. the combined evidence indicates that all nine proteins are related by ...19883413113
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1985). i. susceptibility distribution].the results of determinations of sensitivities of bacterial strains to various antibiotics are summarized as follows: 1. against escherichia coli, ofloxacin (oflx) showed the strongest activity among oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents. its mic90 was below 0.10 micrograms/ml. the next strongest activity was found in mecillinam (mpc), cefaclor (ccl) and pipemidic acid (ppa); mic90's of these agents 3.13 micrograms/ml. cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx), ceftizoxime (czx), cefmenoxime (cmx) and ...19873448255
antibiotics in the second half of the 1980s. areas of future development and the effect of new agents on aminoglycoside use.articles in this supplement have examined in detail the role of aminoglycosides in the therapy of infections, addressing problems of resistance, toxicity, and efficacy. this article discusses other agents and their potential utility and effect on aminoglycosides. penem antibiotics, which have activity against only aerobic gram-negative bacteria, have recently been synthesized. these agents have proved effective in animal experiments; to date, however, results of human clinical trials are not ava ...19863460336
[fundamental and clinical studies of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the field of obstetrics and gynecology].fundamental and clinical studies of a new carbapenem antibiotic, imipenem/cilastatin sodium (mk-0787/mk-0791), were carried out to evaluate the drug in treating infections of the female genital organs. the following results were obtained: in 4 patients undergoing hysterectomy, the penetration of mk-0787 and mk-0791 into female genital organ tissues was studied following a 30-minute intravenous drip infusion of mk-0787/mk-0791 500 mg/500 mg. plasma levels of mk-0787 and mk-0791 in cubital venous ...19863463786
experience with imipenem/cilastatin in the intensive care unit.twenty-two patients admitted to the icu with a severe nosocomial infection caused by multi-resistant gram-negative bacilli were treated with imipenem combined with cilastatin. we treated nine cases of meningo-ventriculitis, eight cases of septicaemia, four cases of mediastinitis, and one case of pneumonia. the bacteria responsible were acinetobacter spp. (10), pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), enterobacter cloacae (5), klebsiella pneumoniae (3), proteus spp. (2), streptococcus spp. (2), serratia marce ...19863469188
severe gram-negative infections in neutropenic children cured by imipenem/cilastatin in combination with an aminoglycoside.nine severe gram-negative septicaemias in neutropenic (less than 500 neutrophils/mm3) children with neoplastic diseases were treated with imipenem/cilastatin (75 mg/kg/day) in combination with an aminoglycoside. the bacterial strains (pseudomonas aeruginosa 7, p. putida 1, enterobacter cloacae 1) were resistant to penicillins and cephalosporins, or were isolated during treatment with a broad-spectrum penicillin to which the bacterial strain was sensitive in vitro. the mean duration of neutropeni ...19863469190
evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin against nosocomial infections and multiresistant pathogens.thirty-five patients suffering from soft tissue infections (12), upper utis (6), bronchopneumonia (6), septicaemia (2), chronic osteomyelitis (2), intra-abdominal abscess (2), liver abscess (1), lung abscess (1), acute cholangitis (1), thoracic empyema (1) and chronic prostatitis (1) were given imipenem/cilastatin for 6-21 days. in 22 patients several aggravating factors coexisted, while infection in 16 patients was polymicrobial. the following pathogens were implicated: pseudomonas aeruginosa ( ...19863469191
[clinical study on effects of cefmetazole on severe infections accompanied by hematologic diseases].severe infections accompanied by hematopathy under granulocytopenic conditions were treated with cefmetazole (cmz). subject diseases mainly consisted of acute leukemia, agranulocytosis and aplastic anemia; combined infections were septicemia, pneumonia, fever of an undetermined origin, etc. as for causative organisms found in cases that could be examined, gram-negative bacilli such as klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, pseudomonas aeruginosa and enterobacter cloacae were isolated, as was ...19873475482
[susceptibility of clinical isolates to aztreonam].aztreonam (azt), which has a newly developed and synthetic structure belonging to the group of monobactams, possesses excellent antibacterial activity against a broad range of gram-negative bacteria (including the beta-lactamase producing strains). antibacterial activities of azt were examined and compared with those of 5 antibiotics (cefoperazone (cpz), latamoxef (lmox), cefotaxime (ctx), cefmetazole (cmz) and cefsulodin (cfs) against 296 strains of clinical isolates. the evaluation of antibact ...19873479624
efficacy and tolerance of oral ofloxacin in treating various infections.66 patients were given daily doses of ofloxacin between 400 and 800 mg for 10 days to 6 months. they were suffering from exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (15), soft tissue phlegmon (11), complicated urinary tract infections (7), bronchopneumonia (7), chronic osteomyelitis in exacerbation (8), chronic prostatitis in exacerbation (5), lower urinary tract infections (3), chronic otitis media (3), acute otitis (3), acute bronchitis (1), lung abscess (2) or liver abscess (1). pathogens included pse ...19873481312
inducible type i beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics.mutants, showing either constitutive (depressed) or non-inducible expression of chromosomally-mediated type i beta-lactamase were obtained from clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ent. aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, providencia stuartii, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the wild-type and mutant strains were compared for susceptibility to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics. derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis generally, but not always, resulted in ...19863485092
hydrolytic model for cefotaxime and ceftriaxone resistance in beta-lactamase-derepressed enterobacter cloacae. 19863485161
sequence of the citrobacter freundii os60 chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene.the citrobacter freundii os60 ampc beta-lactamase gene was sequenced and found to encode a 380-amino-acid-long precursor with a 19-residue signal peptide. the mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 39781 da. the first 60 residues of the purified enzyme, as determined by sequential edman degradation, are identical to the amino acid sequence inferred from the gene sequence. also, the amino acid composition determined for the purified beta-lactamase and that given by the gene sequence are ...19863486121
antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of foramidocillin.foramidocillin is a 6-alpha-formamido penicillin with a 6-beta-acylureido side chain. the majority of the enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by less than or equal to 1 microgram of foramidocillin per ml, and pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited by 4 micrograms/ml. foramidocillin had activity comparable to those of ceftazidime, imipenem, and aztreonam against beta-lactamase-producing members of the enterobacteriaceae and p. aeruginosa, and it inhibited organisms resistant to piperacillin. foramido ...19863488017
qualitative and quantitative aspects of beta-lactamase production as mechanisms of beta-lactam resistance in a survey of clinical isolates from faecal samples.a study has been conducted to identify the beta-lactamases most likely to contribute to beta-lactam resistance in clinical populations and to investigate their interactions with cefuroxime and newer cephalosporins. a total of 217 ampicillin-resistant, gram-negative isolates from faecal samples of healthy volunteers in germany, south america and amman were investigated. such strains represent the 'gene pool' from which infections might arise. escherichia coli was the prevalent species (59.9%) fol ...19863488308
a simple and rapid chemical method for the determination of cephalosporins.a simple and rapid chemical assay for cephalosporins is described. it is a simple modification of the colorimetric determination of penicillins in which the narrow spectrum beta-lactamase (penicillinase) is replaced by a broad spectrum beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase) produced by enterobacter cloacae. the method can be used for assay of fermentation broths as well as for pure cephalosporins.19863486633
novel plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase in members of the family enterobacteriaceae from ohio.epidemiologic studies of plasmid-mediated resistance at the cleveland veterans administration medical center revealed that related plasmids had disseminated among members of the family enterobacteriaceae. we studied the beta-lactamases encoded by these plasmids in escherichia coli c600 transformants or transconjugants. substrate and inhibition profiles of the enzymes determined by two of these plasmids suggested an activity resembling tem-1; however, isoelectric focusing revealed a pi of 7.0. th ...19863490215
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074).ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. they did not inhibit s. faecalis, s. faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium jk species, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonor ...19863490827
7 alpha-formylamino substituent confers beta-lactamase-inactivating potency on 1-oxacephalosporins.7 alpha-formylamino-1-oxacephalosporins 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-[2- (methylaminocarbonyl)amino-2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1h -tetra zol-5-yl)thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f1) and 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-(2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1- yl)carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1h-tetr azol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f2) were stable against penicillinases and, moreover, inactivated cephalosporinases of pseudomonas aeruginosa, cit ...19863490828
resistance to beta-lactams in enterobacteriaceae: distribution of phenotypes related to beta-lactamase production.phenotypes of susceptibility to amoxycillin (amo), ticarcillin (tic), cephalothin (ctn) were determined in 1366 isolates of enterobacteriaceae by disk method and beta-lactamases were identified in 243 strains belonging to different phenotypes of amoxycillin-resistant strains. amor ticr ctns strains (25%) were penicillinase producers and all of them were susceptible to the combination amoxycillin/clavulanic acid (amo/ca) and ticarcillin/clavulanic acid (tic/ca). amo1/r tics ctnr strains (12%) wer ...19863489648
the activity of bmy 28142 a new broad spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin.the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142, an iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin containing a methyl pyrrolidinio c-3 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem and tobramycin against various bacteria. bmy 28142 was the most active agent tested against the enterobacteriaceae inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142 was equal to or superior to cefotaxime against the highly susceptible members of the enterobacteriaceae and seve ...19863486862
enhancement of beta-lactamase production by glycine in enterobacter cloacae atcc.13047.beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae atcc.13047 was enhanced by glycine, and the degree of enhancement was dependent on the concentration of glycine and the medium used. maximum enhancement occurred with a concentration of 0.05 moles/l of glycine, and of 4 media examined enhancement was greatest on isosensitest agar. enhanced beta-lactamase production evoked by glycine was compared with that following induction by various concentrations of cefoxitin. the amount of beta-lactamase pro ...19863487765
use of chromatofocusing for separation of beta-lactamases. vii. analytical and medium scale preparative chromatofocusing of the constitutive chromosomal cephalosporinase p99 from enterobacter cloacae. 19863491087
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315-s.6315-s, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella spp., and shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. it inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-s did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam-resistant citrobacter freundii, enterob ...19863492172
the association behaviour of beta-lactamases. sedimentation equilibrium studies in ammonium sulphate solutions.the beta-lactamases (ec 3.5.2.6) from tem plasmid rp4, bacillus licheniformis 749/c and enterobacter cloacae p99 were studied in solution over a wide concentration range by equilibrium sedimentation. though crystal symmetries indicate that all three enzymes are potentially dimeric in their crystal forms, in 50 mm-sodium cacodylate at ph 6.5 the enzymes show only a small tendency to associate, indicated by a weight-average mr (mw) at 3% (w/v) concentration about 9% greater than that of the monome ...19863492196
the effect of casein derivatives on glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae atcc.13047.our earlier work showed that glycine enhancement of class i beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae atcc.13047 was greater on isosensitest agar than on other laboratory media. in the present study it was demonstrated that casein hydrolysate was the constituent of isosensitest agar which was necessary for glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production. also, a comparison of the effect of casein and casein derivatives on glycine enhancement of beta-lactamase production showed that acid ...19863493468
carboxy groups as essential residues in beta-lactamases.beta-lactamases are divided into classes a, b and c on the basis of their amino acid sequences. beta-lactamases were incubated at ph 4.0 with the carboxy-group reagent 1-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-3-ethylcarbodi-imide plus a coloured nucleophile and the extents of inactivation and nucleophile incorporation were monitored. two class a enzymes (from bacillus cereus and bacillus licheniformis) and two class c enzymes (from enterobacter cloacae p99 and pseudomonas aeruginosa) were examined. all four en ...19863493768
selection frequency of resistant variants by various beta-lactam antibiotics in clinical enterobacter cloacae isolates.the frequency of selection of resistant variants by 10 different broad-spectrum beta-lactam derivatives was evaluated for 10 clinical enterobacter cloacae isolates. with respect to most penams or cephems, resistant variants could be selected up to 8- or 32-fold the mic, respectively. however, with cefpirome as the selecting agent resistant variants were obtained only at twice the mic, whereas resistant variants were barely detectable with temocillin and not detectable in any case with imipenem. ...19873493886
properties of spontaneous enterobacter cloacae mutants with temperature-conditional derepression of type i beta-lactamase synthesis.spontaneous mutants, with temperature-conditional derepression of chromosomally-encoded type i beta-lactamase synthesis, were derived from two independent clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. at the permissive temperature (28 degrees c) the mutants' beta-lactamase activity was equivalent to that of their respective parents but at restrictive temperatures (above 40 degrees c) the activity increased many hundred-fold. the increased beta-lactamase expression correlated with reduced beta-lacta ...19873495528
in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new penem, cgp 31608.the in vitro activity of cgp 31608, a new penem, against aerobic and anaerobic organisms was evaluated and compared with those of other beta-lactams. cgp 31608 inhibited escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, k. oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, and salmonella, shigella, aeromonas, and yersinia spp. with mics for 50% of the strains (mic50s) of 2 to 4 micrograms/ml and mic90s of 4 micrograms/ml, compared with cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, and imipenem mics of less than 0.2 ...19873496845
leakage of beta-lactamase: a second mechanism for antibiotic potentiation by amdinocillin.discrepancies were observed between results of different beta-lactamase induction tests with amdinocillin, which appeared to be a strong inducer in whole-cell assays but a weak inducer in assays with cell-free sonic extracts. results of a nitrocephin-disk test with constitutive beta-lactamase producers indicated that the positive results obtained in whole-cell assays were due to drug-produced leakage of enzyme from the cell and not to induction. imipenem was also found to cause leakage of beta-l ...19873498436
comparative in vitro activity of cgp 31608, a new penem antibiotic.the in vitro activity of a new penem antimicrobial agent, cgp 31608, was compared with those of imipenem, sch 34343, and several other antimicrobial agents against approximately 600 bacterial isolates. cgp 31608 was active against gram-positive organisms, including methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus (mic for 90% of the isolates [mic90], 0.25 microgram/ml) and penicillin-susceptible streptococci (mic90s, less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml). penicillin-resistant streptococci (includi ...19873498437
ciprofloxacin inhibition of cefoxitin betalactamase induction in an enterobacter cloacae strain.the betalactamase activity of an enterobacter cloacae strain was measured using subinhibitory concentrations of cefoxitin and ciprofloxacin respectively as enzyme inducer and induction inhibitor. cultures of this strain were also exposed to different ceftriaxone concentrations either alone or in the presence of cefoxitin and/or ciprofloxacin. ciprofloxacin at subinhibitory concentrations does not interfere with ceftriaxone's activity and is capable of neutralizing the antagonistic effect of cefo ...19873498552
ability of newer beta-lactam antibiotics to induce beta-lactamase production in enterobacter cloacae.the beta-lactamase inducing properties of various new beta-lactam antibiotics in two isogenic strains of enterobacter cloacae were investigated. beta-lactamase activity was measured two hours after addition of inducer to cells in the late logarithmic growth-phase. beta-lactamase expression was highly dependent on the growth medium used, highest levels being obtained after induction with cefoxitin in tryptic soy broth, mueller-hinton broth and nutrient broth. upon induction the mutant 908 ssi pro ...19873499315
multiply resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae selected by beta-lactam antibiotics.mutants of enterobacter cloacae, selected in vitro with ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, carumonam, or aztreonam, fell into several distinct classes. three mutants highly resistant to nearly all beta-lactam antibiotics were stably derepressed for beta-lactamase production. although no other changes could be detected, virulence in a mouse septicemia model was decreased in two of these mutants. one mutant, 908-ssi, showed selectively decreased susceptibility to ampicillin and cefotetan. a change in beta- ...19863492174
beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum.cefpirome was highly stable to hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases, although it was hydrolyzed to some extent by r plasmid-mediated penicillinase of richmond-sykes type va/b and by chromosomal cephalosporinases from bacteroides species. the compound had a very low affinity for cephalosporinases from enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and proteus vulgaris. cefpirome showed strong antimicrobial activity against eight beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase)-producing strai ...19863492175
[detection of beta-lactamase-producing bacteria from female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis].a total of 122 bacterial strains isolated from urine specimens of 113 female patients with acute uncomplicated cystitis were used for the study of beta-lactamase production and their susceptibility to various antimicrobial agents was determined. beta-lactamase activity was qualitatively determined by a paper strip acidimetric method with benzylpenicillin as substrate and by chromogenic cephalosporin methods using pyridine-2-azo-p-dimethylaniline cephalosporin or nitrocefin as substrate. suscepti ...19873502225
reduced expression of outer-membrane proteins in beta-lactam-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae.two antibiotic-resistant mutants of enterobacter cloacae (azt-r and ama-r), obtained by selection with aztreonam and carumonam, were studied. both mutants were resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. in addition, ama-r was also resistant to chloramphenicol, trimethoprim and brodimoprim, whereas azt-r was hypersensitive to these compounds. cytoplasmic and outer membranes of these bacteria were separated by sucrose density gradient centrifugation. analysis of the outer membranes using sds-page showe ...19873503923
beta-lactamase stability of imipenem.the beta-lactamase stability and interactions of imipenem were analysed in comparison with those of cefazolin, cefuroxime, cefoxitin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, mezlocillin, piperacillin and penicillin g for a set of representative beta-lactamases. these enzymes included penicillinases such as those obtained from staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli and other enterobacteriaceae (tem-1 and similar enzymes) (group a); cephalosporinases produced by esch. coli (amp c type), serratia liquefaciens, e ...19863493236
cloning and characterization of chromosomally encoded cephalosporinase gene of enterobacter cloacae.the cephalosporinase gene, cpa, which codes for an inducible class i chromosomal beta-lactamase in enterobacter cloacae was cloned on a fragment of 6.05 kilobase pairs inserted into plasmid pacyc184 and transferred into escherichia coli hb101 recipient cells. the constructed hybrid plasmid, designated pggq101, carried a genomic fragment which retained its parental inducibility characteristics, although its expression level in transformed e. coli cells fell to 40-65% of its initial level in e. cl ...19863521816
affinity of cephalosporins for beta-lactamases as a factor in antibacterial efficacy.strains of escherichia coli, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter cloacae that were resistant to ceftazidime (mic greater than 16 micrograms/ml) but susceptible to bmy 28142 (mic less than 4 micrograms/ml) were found to contain higher levels of beta-lactamase activity (50- to 3,340-fold) than control strains of the corresponding species. ceftazidime was at least as resistant as bmy 28142 to hydrolysis by these enzymes. however, the apparent ki of bmy 28142 for each enzyme was larger (8- to g ...19863524432
ph-dependent bactericidal barrier to gram-negative aerobes: its relevance to airway colonisation and prophylaxis of acid aspiration and stress ulcer syndromes--study in vitro.ph-dependent bactericidal activity on four gram-negative bacilli that are mainly responsible for gastric to airway colonisation has been investigated. organisms studied were escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and serratia marcescens. at ph of the medium adjusted to 2.7 or lower all four organisms were killed in 1.5 h. at ph 3.1 or greater, no reduction in viable bacterial number was noted over 2 h. even when ph of the medium was adjusted to 6.8, no increase in bacteria ...19863525632
comparison of resistance types in enterobacter cloacae 1977 and 1985.a collection of enterobacter cloacae strains from odense university hospital from 1977 were compared with a collection from 1985 as regards acquired resistance traits. among the strains with carbenicillin (ca) resistance, the number of multiresistant strains decreased while the number with sole ca-resistance increased. in 1977, a high proportion of the ca-resistant (ca-r) strains had plasmid-mediated beta-lactam resistance, but in 1985 the ca-r strains were completely dominated by organisms with ...19873499749
contribution of beta-lactamase hydrolysis and outer membrane permeability to ceftriaxone resistance in enterobacter cloacae.mechanisms of ceftriaxone resistance were examined in enterobacter cloacae. clones were selected from four strains: susceptible (s), resistant (r1), selected by plating on ceftriaxone-containing agar, and highly resistant (r2), selected in ceftriaxone-treated mice infected with s clones. according to 14c-labeled beta-lactam binding assays, ceftriaxone resistance was not associated with altered target proteins. r1 and r2 clones stably produced 50 to 1,500 times more beta-lactamase than s clones; ...19873501699
[clinical evaluation of ceftazidime in the treatment of neonatal infections].ceftazidime (caz) was evaluated for its safety and efficacy in 27 newborns. four confirmed cases of bacterial infections were cured by the caz therapy (efficacy rate 100%). the caz was assessed as effective in sepsis (2) and urinary tract infections (2). main pathogens which responded to caz were escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and acinetobacter anitratum. as adverse effects, elevations of got and gpt (1 case) were found to be associated with the caz therapy. half-lives of the serum level ...19863540341
ferric ammonium citrate decomposition--a taxonomic tool for gram-negative bacteria.the iron uptake test of szabó and vandra has been modified and used for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. nutrient agar containing 20 g per litre of ferric ammonium citrate was distributed into narrow tubes and solidified so as to form butts and slants. considering the localization of the rusty-brown coloration produced after seeding and incubation, 2367 strains were classified into four groups. (1) unchanged medium: escherichia coli, shigella spp., yersinia spp., hafnia alvei and m ...19863529797
ciprofloxacin: a comparative evaluation of its bactericidal activity in human serum against four enterobacterial species.serum bactericidal titres following a 200 mg i.v. dose of ciprofloxacin were measured in healthy volunteers and compared with those achieved with standard doses of ceftazidime, piperacillin and gentamicin, given alone or in combination. five strains of each of four enterobacterial species were included in the study. bactericidal titres 1 h after infusion of ciprofloxacin exceeded 1:16 for escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus vulgaris and enterobacter cloacae. while ceftazidime produc ...19863545730
studies on microbial quality of filtered water in households of a university community in nigeria.water samples from home filters in nine residential areas of a nigerian university community were studied. the membrane filter technique was used to determine the total coliform and faecal coliform counts/100 ml of water. most of the 100 samples studied were grossly contaminated with total coliform counts/100 ml ranging from 0-442, faecal coliform counts/100 ml, 0-216 and the total aerobic plate count per millilitre ranged from 3.0 x 10(3) to 1.9 x 10(9) c.f.u. the source (dams) of water, fitnes ...19863517156
chromosomal beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria.most enterobacterial species carry a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. in escherichia coli and shigella, expression from ampc is non-inducible and the beta-lactamase is synthesized at low levels. mutations leading to increased beta-lactamase synthesis occur rather infrequently, making resistance to modern cephalosporins a rare event in these species. in other enterobacteria and pseudomonas, ampc beta-lactamase synthesis is induced by beta-lactams. in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundi ...19863547624
in vitro activity of two new aryl-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents, difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620 compared to that of other antimicrobial agents.the in vitro activity of difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620, two new aryl-difluoroquinolones, was compared to that of other new quinolones and several parenteral and oral antimicrobial agents. a-56620 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, staphylococcus aureus 0.25 micrograms/ml, hemolytic streptococci 2 micrograms/ml, pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 micrograms/ml, bacteroides sp. and clostridium at 8 micrograms/ml. a-56620 was equal or 2-fold more active than norfl ...19873549179
evaluation of a commercial beta-glucuronidase test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli.a commercial beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli was evaluated. a total of 762 clinical strains and 228 environmental isolates were studied. more than 95% of the e. coli strains were found to be beta-gur positive. thirty-one clinical isolates of shigella sonnei, 10 of enterobacter cloacae, eight of enterobacter aerogenes, nine of citrobacter freundii and one of salmonella enteritidis also gave positive results. the enzyme beta-gur wa ...19863549665
emergence of resistance to ceftazidime during therapy for enterobacter cloacae infections.the mechanism of resistance to ceftazidime in two clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae that emerged during therapy with broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics was studied. both isolates acquired broad resistance to advanced-spectrum beta-lactam drugs other than imipenem. biotyping confirmed strain identity in both cases, and no new plasmids were detected in the resistant isolates. both resistant isolates produced beta-lactamase constitutively. slow but definite hydrolysis of ceftazidime was ...19873549922
postantibiotic effect of imipenem on gram-positive and gram-negative micro-organisms.the bactericidal effect (be) of an antibiotic reduces the infective population, and its postantibiotic effect (pae) assures a persistent inhibition of bacterial cells after a short exposure to the antimicrobial agent. both effects prevent the early regrowth of the infecting organisms when the antibiotic tissue levels decrease to below the mic value. the be and the pae of imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, piperacillin, gentamicin and ampicillin on escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterob ...19863546247
use of intravenous ciprofloxacin in difficult-to-treat infections.intravenous ciprofloxacin was administered to 54 patients who were either critically ill or in whom oral administration was not possible. the 31 males and 23 females ranged in age from 20 to 89 years (mean, 53.2 +/- 17.8 years). patients had "difficult-to-treat" infections, i.e., respiratory infections (15), abscesses (four intraabdominal, three lung, two soft tissue, and one intrahepatic), deep soft tissue infections (10), chronic post-traumatic osteomyelitis in exacerbation (nine), upper urina ...19873555059
[inhibition of cephalosporinase of enterobacteria by ceftriaxone].resistance of ceftriaxone, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime to inactivation by the chromosomal constitutive cephalosporinases of enterobacter cloacae p99, morganella morganii gn 1510 and serratia liquefaciens 132 was determined using high performance liquid chromatography. the inhibitory properties of ceftriaxone against the same cephalosporinases were studied by determining the residual amount of cephalothin used as the substrate. with a 1:50 cephalosporinase-cephalosporin ratio, ceftriaxone was less ...19863534712
in-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobial agents, s-25930 and s-25932 compared with that of other agents.s-25930 and s-25932, two new 4-quinolones, were compared to ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and ampicillin. s-25930 and s-25932 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 mg/l, usually differing only two-fold. the mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 mg/l for s-25930 and 16 mg/l for s-25932, compared to mics of 1 to 8 for the other four quinolones. both drugs inhibited enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and citro ...19873571042
treatment of combined immunodeficiency with thymic extract (thymostimulin).a 14-day-old chinese male baby was admitted with extensive skin lesions. a wound culture grew staphylococcus aureus, acinetobacter anitratus, enterobacter cloacae, and candida albicans and a blood culture grew group a beta-streptococcus hemolyticus. the patient's lymphocyte counts were low and his lymphocytes were unable to produce igg and iga in vitro. the immunoglobulin-bearing cell studies also failed to demonstrate igg and iga bearing cells. active tac+ t cells, total t cells, and t cell sub ...19873578932
in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and beta-lactamase stability of rs-533, a novel carbapenem.rs-533 is a novel carbapenem antibiotic. its activity was compared with that of imipenem and the new cephalosporins, aztreonam, piperacillin, and tobramycin. rs-533 had activity comparable to that of imipenem, inhibiting the majority of the enterobacteriaceae, streptococci, staphylococci, and bacteroides species at concentrations of less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. rs-533 inhibited enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens resistant to ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ...19863545068
worldwide study of cefoperazone susceptibility.in vitro susceptibility to cefoperazone of more than one million clinical aerobic bacterial isolates was evaluated in 369 hospitals in japan, the united states, canada, france, austria, and hungary. standard versions of the disk diffusion method were used according to interpretive criteria approved in the respective countries, and comparisons were made among the countries and among various body sites. susceptibility of organisms varied little within most species among the countries. minor differ ...19873568064
inducing capacity of the combinations mecillinam-ampicillin and mecillinam-ceftazidime in comparison with the capacity of the compounds administered separately.the inducing capacity of mecillinam in combination with ampicillin or ceftazidime was compared with that of the compounds administered separately and related to the inducing capacity of cefoxitin (1 and 10 micrograms/ml) for the chromosomal beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, indole-positive proteus, and acinetobacter strains. in the majority of the strains all compounds tested alone or in combination showed a lower inducing capacity than cefoxit ...19873552473
comparative in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080), a new monobactam, and ceftriaxone against aerobic or facultative gram-negative isolates.carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080) is a new monobactam antibiotic. a comparative in vitro evaluation with ceftriaxone was undertaken against 153 gram-negative clinical aerobic or facultative bacteria, both producers and nonproducers of beta-lactamase. results indicated that carumonam had an enhancement of activity for pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae and parallelled that of ceftriaxone against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus ...19873595259
patients' endogenous flora as the source of "nosocomial" enterobacter in cardiac surgery.we prospectively studied enterobacter colonization in cardiac surgery patients receiving cefazolin prophylaxis. fifty-eight (67%) of 87 patients became colonized, 28 by the time of admission to a cardiac surgery intensive care unit. enterobacter cloacae was four times more prevalent than enterobacter aerogenes. we found increased enterobacter colonization, after prophylaxis, in 45% of surgery patients. none of 25 control patients, who underwent coronary angioplasty and received no antibiotic pro ...19873598234
development of beta-lactam-resistant enterobacter cloacae in mice.we compared the ability of four newer beta-lactam compounds to produce resistance in an experimental model of enterobacter cloacae infection. mice infected intraperitoneally developed resistance depending on antibiotic treatment and the dose given. percentages of mice in which resistance was observed were as follows: 100% after ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg, two doses); 87% after ceftriaxone (50 mg/kg, one dose); 35% after ceftriaxone (500 mg/kg, one dose); and 21% after carumonam (25 mg/kg, two doses). ...19873598235
detection of acetoin by head-space gas-liquid chromatography for rapid identification of bacteremia caused by klebsielleae.head-space gas-liquid chromatographic (hs-glc) detection of acetoin in 223 blood cultures of gram-negative bacilli was compared with results obtained from the conventional identification method. seventy-three out of 76 cultures of klebsielleae, including klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxtytoca, enterobacter cloacae, enterobacter agglomerans and serratia marcescens, were identified by the acetoin detection method with hs-glc. one hundred and forty-six out of 147 blood cultures of other gram-ne ...19873595266
in vitro activity of ro 15-8074 and ro 19-5247 in comparison to cefaclor and cefalexin.805 clinical isolates were investigated for their in vitro sensitivity against ro 15-8074 and ro 19-5247 in comparison to cefaclor and cefalexin in a serial dilution test on solid medium. ro 19-5247 had the strongest activity of all drugs tested against streptococci (except streptococcus faecalis) and was as active as cefaclor and cefalexin against most strains of staphylococcus aureus. ro 19-5247 was the only oral cephalosporin active against bordetella pertussis. it was on average 160 times mo ...19873596808
characterization of enterobacter cloacae and e. sakazakii by electrophoretic polymorphism of acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases.acid phosphatase, esterases, and glutamate, lactate and malate dehydrogenases of 34 strains of enterobacter cloacae and 22 strains of enterobacter sakazakii were analysed by horizontal polyacrylamide agarose gel electrophoresis and by isoelectrofocusing in thin-layer polyacrylamide gel. the two species could be separated on the basis of distinct electrophoretic patterns of all enzymes analysed. glutamate dehydrogenase and acid phosphatase were detected exclusively in e. cloacae, whereas esterase ...19863625169
enterobacteriaceae, coliforms, faecal coliforms and salmonellas in raw ewes' milk.thirty-nine samples of freshly drawn ewes' milk collected at 13 farms, and 120 samples of raw ewes' milk collected on arrival at a dairy were examined. farm samples had geometric mean counts of 4.4 x 10(2) enterobacteriaceae/ml, 3.9 x 10(2) coliforms/ml and 2.0 x 10(2) faecal coliforms/ml, whereas the respective mean counts were 6.2 x 10(3)/ml, 5.4 x 10(3)/ml and 1.3 x 10(3)/ml for dairy samples. salmonellas were not detected by enrichment procedures in any of the 159 samples examined. escherich ...19873597207
co-infection or early superinfection of pneumococcal pneumonia.two cases of co-infection or very early superinfection of pneumococcal pneumonia with staphylococcus aureus in one case, and enterobacter cloacae in the other, are reported. the two patients were not fully immunocompetent, had leukopenia and a mild intravascular coagulation, and were bacteremic. mixed infection probably accounted for the lethal outcome because initial antibiotherapy was only directed against streptococcus pneumoniae. accurate bacteriologic methods are required to delineate conta ...19873655101
attachment as a factor in the protection of enterobacter cloacae from chlorination.enterobacter cloacae attached to drinking water distribution particles was subjected to chlorination. attachment resulted in the protection of these organisms from disinfection. this effect was found to be dependent upon both the level of chlorine in the system and attachment time. the results obtained in this study indicate that attached organisms may play an important role in coliform outbreaks.19873606094
temocillin in the treatment of pyelonephritis in children.temocillin is a beta-lactamase-stable penicillin with a selective. gram-negative spectrum of activity and a long half-life. previous studies in adult patients have demonstrated its efficacy and safety in the treatment of gram-negative infections. the aim of the study was to evaluate the clinical and bacteriological efficacy and safety of temocillin in children with complicated urinary tract infections. twenty-two children, aged 3 months to 13 years (mean 5.8 years) were treated with temocillin i ...19873622246
the elimination of gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacteria in a newborn intensive care unit.the aminoglycosides play a central role in the treatment of infectious diseases caused by gram-negative bacteria. during the period of january to june 1984, 45 clinical specimens collected in our neonatal intensive care unit grew enterobacter cloacae; 41 of them were gentamicin resistant. one neonate developed septicemia. the routine antibiotic protocol was then changed from gentamicin-ampicillin to amikacin-ampicillin for a period of six months. during this period the resistance to gentamicin d ...19873646180
enterobacter asburiae sp. nov., a new species found in clinical specimens, and reassignment of erwinia dissolvens and erwinia nimipressuralis to the genus enterobacter as enterobacter dissolvens comb. nov. and enterobacter nimipressuralis comb. nov.enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. is a new species that was formerly referred to as enteric group 17 and that consists of 71 strains, 70 of which were isolated from humans. enterobacter asburiae sp. nov. strains gave positive reactions in tests for methyl red, citrate utilization (simmons and christensen's), urea hydrolysis, l-ornithine decarboxylase, growth in kcn, acid and gas production from d-glucose, and acid production from l-arabinose, cellobiose, glycerol (negative in 1 to 2 days, positive ...19863711302
endotracheal aminoglycosides in gram negative pneumonia. a preliminary report.five postoperative patients with respiratory failure and gram negative pneumonia unresponsive to systemic antimicrobials were treated with endotracheally instilled aminoglycosides. sputum cultures in four patients grew pseudomonas aeruginosa and, in the fifth, enterobacter cloacae. the five patients had been treated systemically for an average of 13 days (range 9 to 19 days) without improvement prior to endotracheal antibiotic administration. the gram negative organisms disappeared from the sput ...19863729174
in vitro activity of ci-934, a new quinolone, compared with that of other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents.the in vitro activity of ci-934, a new 4-quinolone, was determined against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the mics for 90% of the isolates tested were 0.25 microgram/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.5 microgram/ml for streptococcus faecalis, 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains, and less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and citrobacter spp. ci-934 had activity ...19863729343
[pseudoaneurysm of the left heart ventricle and enterobacter cloacae septicemia]. 19863736178
evaluation of a bacteriophage-typing scheme for enterobacter cloacae.a set of 25 enterobacter cloacae typing phages was evaluated. of 384 test strains, 93.8% were lysed by at least one phage; the mean number of reactions/strain was 7.3. discrimination between strains was satisfactory within the most frequent o serotypes; 0.9 patterns/strain were found for strains of serotypes o3 and o8. overall, 325 patterns were found. phage patterns were completely reproducible when duplicates of strains were typed on the same day, but only 40% reproducible when repeated after ...19873694662
cardioplegic solution: a contamination crisis.eleven patients were given varying doses of cardioplegic solution contaminated with enterobacter cloacae. five patients died. early bleeding, necessitating reoperation, occurred in eight patients and a total of 126 units of blood and 203 units of platelets were given (range 2 to 19 and 15 to 47 units, respectively). mycotic aneurysms developed in four patients, rupturing between the ninth and eleventh postoperative day. only one of these patients survived. other complications included adult resp ...19863753734
phenotypic characteristics of coliform and noncoliform bacteria from a public water supply compared with regional and national clinical species.during the summer and fall of 1984, elevated total coliform counts were observed in the distribution system of a public water supply serving 350,000 people in south central connecticut. as part of an investigation of possible health risks associated with the presence of bacteria in the water supply, bacterial isolates from the distribution system were compared with bacterial isolates of the same species obtained from a large regional teaching hospital and from a national compendium of clinical i ...19863767357
two isolations of enteric group 69 from human clinical specimens.enteric group 69 has previously only been isolated from beef muscle. two cases of isolations from human clinical specimens are reported on here: one from a throat swab and one from an abscess. in both cases, only eg 69 was cultured. this group has biochemical reactions similar to enterobacter cloacae and enterobacter sakazakii. eg 69 produces yellow pigment as e. sakazakii but only the former ferments sorbitol and dulcitol. eg 69 utilizes malonate and usually ferments sucrose slowly (3-4 days). ...19863788575
impact of azlocillin on the colon microflora.to evaluate the impact of parenteral azlocillin therapy on human colon microflora, faecal specimens were taken from 6 patients before, during and after therapy for analysis of the microflora. in 2 patients major changes took place. thus the numbers of streptococci, escherichia coli, anaerobic cocci, lactobacilli, clostridia and bacteroides decreased markedly during therapy. one of these patients was colonized with azlocillin-resistant enterobacter cloacae. the other 4 patients had only minor cha ...19863704564
head-space gas-liquid chromatographic analysis for presumptive identification of bacteria in blood cultures.a total of 445 strains of common aerobic and anaerobic bacteria were analyzed for their volatile microbial metabolites by head-space gas-liquid chromatography. the bacteria were incubated for 24 or 48 h in blood-containing trypticase soy or lombard-dowell glucose broth before being analyzed by automatic head-space injection. from the chromatographic pattern obtained, the majority of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, morgan ...19863816354
protective activity of habekacin and four other aminoglycosides in mouse septicaemia caused by enterobacteriaceae.the in vivo efficacy of habekacin, an aminoglycoside antibiotic obtained by chemical derivation from dibekacin, was compared to that of gentamicin (gen), tobramycin (tob), kanamycin (kan) and amikacin (ami) in a protection test in mice. the 50% effective dose (ed50) was determined in groups of animals challenged with bacterial suspensions injected intraperitoneally together with mucin, and treated subcutaneously 1 h and 6 h later. the bacterial strains used were: escherichia coli (three gen sens ...19863816504
outbreak of cephalosporin resistant enterobacter cloacae infection in a neonatal intensive care unit.enterobacter cloacae resistant to third generation cephalosporins emerged rapidly during an outbreak of serious infections due to this organism in a neonatal intensive care unit where ampicillin and gentamicin were used as first line antibiotic treatment. organisms resistant to cephalosporins were isolated from 12 infants, six of whom developed systemic infection. two infants died. isolates of e. cloacae from four of five infants treated with cefotaxime showed a loss of sensitivity to this antib ...19873827292
in vitro studies of bmy-28142, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin.bmy-28142 was compared with other broad-spectrum antibiotics against gram-positive cocci and gram-negative bacilli. bmy-28142 was highly active against all gram-negative bacilli and especially against enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii. its in vitro activity suggests that bmy-28142 should prove to be useful for the treatment of gram-negative bacillary infections.19853838637
isolation and selection of a bacteriophage-typing set for enterobacter cloacae.seventy-six phages active against enterobacter cloacae were isolated from sewage and other sources. they were tested at rtd on 92 selected strains of e. cloacae and their lytic reactions were used to select phages for a typing set. numerical analysis by the jaccard coefficient was used to assess the similarity between the phages. a computer-based test selection procedure selected sub-sets of phages to discriminate between all 92 e. cloacae strains and within the most frequent serological groups. ...19873694661
[urinary tract infections in a general medicine department. comments on cases collected over 3 years].urinary infections often complicate the clinical course of hospitalised patients especially those with immunological diseases or under antibiotic treatment for other infectious pathologies. urethral catheterisation is also a well known cause of such infections. the problem of urinary infections was examined in a general medical division. over a three year period (1982-84), 384 urinary tract infections (uti) with one infecting organism and 21 uti with two bacterial species in urine cultures were ...19863736970
the effect of the combination of erythromycin with new beta-lactam antibiotics against gram-negative aerobic respiratory pathogens.the effect of erythromycin on the in vitro activity of cefotaxime, ceftizoxime, cefoperazone, moxalactam, ceftazidime, cefmenoxime, aztreonam, imipenem, piperacillin, and gentamicin against 89 bacteria isolated from sputum and tracheal aspirates of patients admitted to intensive care units was evaluated. there were 30 pseudomonas aeruginosa, 27 klebsiella pneumoniae, 9 enterobacter cloacae, 5 escherichia coli, 4 enterobacter aerogenes, 3 each of klebsiella oxytoca, pseudomonas maltophilia, serra ...19863802298
temocillin. in vitro antibacterial activity.temocillin, a 6-alpha-methoxy penicillin derivative, was tested in vitro against 516 recent clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae. the compound exhibited good antibacterial activity, with 95% of isolates inhibited by a range 2 to 16 mg/l. further studies, against selected isolates resistant to ticarcillin, piperacillin and cefuroxime (klebsiella oxytoca, 25; enterobacter species, 34; and citrobacter species, 5), showed about half of the isolates of k. oxytoca (11/25) to be resistant to aztreon ...19853849425
70% alcohol disinfection of transducer heads: experimental trials.we investigated the feasibility of transducer head disinfection with 70% alcohol wipes. in the initial trial, nine gas-sterilized transducers were inoculated with an estimated 5 x 10(6) organisms of a clinical isolate of enterobacter cloacae, mimicking a contaminated fluid couple. a sterile disposable transducer dome was attached to each transducer. the units were allowed to sit for 24 hours at room temperature; the domes were then removed. three transducer heads were cultured prior to disinfect ...19853848423
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