| purification and properties of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn7391. | both a penicillinase and a cephalosporinase are present in a strain of citrobacter freundii (gn7391) resistant to beta-lactam antibiotics. the penicillinase was identical to the type ia penicillinases (type iii by richmond classification), mediated by rms212 and r-tem. a cephalosporinase, typical of enterobacteriaceae chromosomal beta-lactamase (type i by richmond classification), was purified from the strain. it gave a single protein band on polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoelectrop ... | 1980 | 6973612 |
| cefonicid: a stable beta-lactamase inhibitor. | the stability of cefonicid (sk&f 75073) towards representatives of six major classes of beta-lactamases was determined using a spectrophotometric assay. cefonicid was stable to hydrolysis by the type i enzyme from enterobacter cloacae and by the enzyme from the anaerobe, bacteroides fragilis. it was 6 to 7 times more stable than cefamandole to the type iiia and b enzymes from escherichia coli, a little less stable than this antibiotic to the type v enzyme from e. coli, and of equal stability to ... | 1981 | 6975269 |
| sq 26,180, a novel monobactam. i taxonomy, fermentation and biological properties. | strains of chromobacterium violaceum, isolated from various environments, were found to produce a novel monocyclic beta-lactam antibiotic. the antibiotic, sq 26,180 was weakly active against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria with the exception of mutants hypersensitive to beta-lactam antibiotics. the compound was highly stable to beta-lactamases and acted as an inhibitor of the p99 enzyme from enterobacter cloacae. sq 26,180 showed affinity for penicillin-binding proteins 1a, 4 and 5/6 of ... | 1982 | 6978877 |
| potent cephalosporinase inhibitors: 7 beta-[2-(1, 3-dithiolan-2-ylidene) acetamido] cephalosporins and related compounds. | cephalosporins possessing a 1, 3-dithiolane, 1, 3-dithiane, or 1, 3-dithietane ring on their 7 beta-substituents showed potent inhibitory activity against cephaloridine hydrolysis by cephalosporinases purified from proteus morganii, proteus rettgeri, and proteus inconstans, which were not inhibited by clavulanic acid, a well-known beta-lactamase inhibitor. the mode of inhibition was competitive. the dithiolane cephalosporins themselves were stable against hydrolysis by the beta-lactamases tested ... | 1982 | 6979310 |
| mutational enzymatic resistance of enterobacter species to beta-lactam antibiotics. | mutants with enhanced beta-lactam resistance were selected from strains of enterobacter cloacae and e. aerogenes by using three antibiotics. high-level beta-lactamase-producing mutants had similar degrees of increased resistance, enzyme substrate profiles, and isoelectric (pi) values irrespective of the selective agent. reverse mutants from a resistant e. cloacae mutant regained the susceptibility pattern originally exhibited by the wild type, or were of enhanced susceptibility, and no longer ex ... | 1982 | 6979311 |
| resistance to cefamandole: derepression of beta-lactamases by cefoxitin and mutation in enterobacter cloacae. | studies were performed to characterize resistance to cefamandole in two strains of enterobacter cloacae. susceptible wild-type cells were exposed either to cefamandole to select stably resistant mutants or to cefoxitin to induce unstable resistance. the two types of resistant cells inactivated cefamandole, and their beta-lactamases had identical isoelectric focusing patterns and substrate profiles. studies of the beta-lactamases of these resistant cells indicated that the enzymes belonged to the ... | 1982 | 6979593 |
| [treatment with amoxicillin and clavulanic acid of urinary tract infections in patients with spinal injuries]. | augmentin, a formulation of amoxycillin trihydrate 250 mg and sodium clavulanate 125 mg per tablet (a-cs) (augmentin; beecham), was used in treating 29 episodes of urinary tract infection occurring in 26 patients admitted to the spinal unit of the h. f. verwoerd hospital, pretoria. patients who had a urinary bacterial cell count of more than 105 of the same amoxycillin-resistant organism before and after the oral administration of amoxycillin 500 mg 3 times a day for 48 hours, received 2 a-cs 37 ... | 1982 | 6979806 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of n-formimidoyl thienamycin compared to that of second and third generation cephalosporins. | n-formimidoyl thienamycin (mk0787) was found to be active against 21 gram-negative isolates, selected for their beta-lactamase production. none of the crude beta-lactamases could hydrolyze mk0787 or cefoxitin, in contrast to cefotaxime which was moderately attacked by a number of enzymes. mk0787 behaved as a moderate inhibitor of most beta-lactamases, whereas cefoxitin and cefotaxime were strong inhibitors of cephalosporinases but not of broad-spectrum enzymes. the new compound had good penetrat ... | 1982 | 6981493 |
| [haemophilus parainfluenza infection followed by enterobacter cloacae infection in a newborn]. | | 1982 | 6982032 |
| interaction of azthreonam and related monobactams with beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria. | monobactams containing 3 beta-aminothiazolyl oxime side chains (sq 81,377, sq 81,402, azthreonam, and sq 26,917) have poor affinities for the broad-spectrum beta-lactamases tem-2 and k1. addition of a 4-methyl substituent significantly increased stability to hydrolysis by these enzymes. p99 cephalosporinase from enterobacter cloacae was strongly inhibited by the monobactams. interaction of azthreonam with the p99 enzyme in equimolar concentrations resulted in a single covalent complex which reta ... | 1982 | 6982680 |
| beta-lactamase activity and cross-resistance to different cephalosporins of in vitro selected cefamandole-resistant variants of enterobacter cloacae. | | 1982 | 6982969 |
| the mechanisms of synergistic effect of antibiotics. a mechanism of synergism, cephaloridine with gentamicin on cephaloridine resistant gram negative bacilli. | twelve strains out of 75 gram negative rods, which were isolated at the clinical laboratory in the hospital, were highly resistant to cephaloridine (cer) and relatively sensitive to gentamicin (gm). nine strains out of the 12 strains revealed synergistic effect when small doses of gm were used together with cer. a mechanism of synergistic effect on enterobacter cloacae, 1 strain of the 9 strains, was studied through change of beta-lactamase activities. the levels of viable cell count decreased w ... | 1982 | 6983591 |
| infection in a functioning ventriculoperitoneal shunt treated with intraventricular gentamicin. | a case of successful treatment of a functioning ventriculoperitoneal (vp) shunt infection with high doses of intraventricular gentamicin sulfate is reported. the vp shunt reservoir of a four-month-old girl with hydrocephalus became infected. the scalp wound was debrided and intravenous methicillin sodium, 200 mg every six hours, was administered. when culture and sensitivity tests later showed enterobacter cloacae, methicillin was discontinued. intraventricular gentamicin, 2 mg/day, and intraven ... | 1980 | 6987866 |
| nature of streptomycin resistance in enterobacteria from faeces of streptomycin-treated patients in egypt. | streptomycin-resistant enterobacteria were isolated from the faeces of 31 out of 35 patients under streptomycin therapy, in the university hospital of alexandria. the isolated bacteria were 26 escherichia coli, 3 klebsiella pneumoniae and 2 enterobacter cloacae. their resistance patterns have shown that 80% had multiple antibiotic resistance. the mic of streptomycin for all strains was higher than 312 microgram/ml. nearly 90% of these strains carried resistance plasmids. however, 3 strains posse ... | 1980 | 6993108 |
| relation of antibody-coated urine bacteria to the site(s) of infection in experimental dogs. | antibody-coated bacteria tests, using fluorescein-conjugated rabbit anti-canine immunoglobulin (ig)g and anti-iga, were conducted on 77 specimens of bladder urine obtained by antepubic cystocentesis from 25 dogs with urinary tract infections. urine specimens from 3 dogs infected with staphylococcus aureus were tested a total of 27 times, specimens from 10 dogs infected with escherichia coli were tested 25 times, urine from 6 dogs infected with proteus mirabilis was sampled and tested 18 times, u ... | 1980 | 6996543 |
| association of human enteric pathogenicity and mouse lung toxicity of escherichia coli. | mouse lung toxicity of 439 strains (431 escherichia coli, 1 shigella dysenteriae 1, 1 enterobacter cloacae, 5 vibrio sp., 1 klebsiella) was compared to other pathogenicity tests (mouse virulence, enterotoxicity, guinea pig eye test), to serogroup distribution, loss of virulence on storage, origin and haemolytic activity. mouse lethality was highest in serogroup o4 (p < 0.001), o18a,c (p < 0.001); serogroups o6, o20, o75, o115, o147 were next in order. e. coli serogroups o19, o26, o28a,b, o32, o5 ... | 1980 | 6998258 |
| evaluation of the four-hour micro-id technique for direct identification of oxidase-negative, gram-negative rods from blood cultures. | a 4-h micro-id technique for direct identification of oxidase-negative gram-negative rods from positive blood cultures was compared to subculture and species identification of single colonies by api 20e and micro-id, using standardized inocula. a total of 127 patients (220 positive cultures) were studied. isolates included 96 escherichia coli, 46 klebsiella pneumoniae, 7 klebsiella oxytoca, 8 enterobacter aerogenes, 17 enterobacter cloacae, 19 serratia marcescens, 2 serratia liquefaciens, 8 prot ... | 1980 | 6999020 |
| [diagnosis of fecal coliforms in dairy products by the temperature tests]. | the study concerned the formation of gas and acid in broth with lactose and glucose and brilliant green at 30,37 and 44 degrees c and of indole in peptone water at 30, 37 and 44 degrees c by 842 coliform strains isolated from 386 samples of dairy products (e. coli i--496, e. coli--51, citrob. freundi--87, citrob. intermedium--46, enterobacter aerogenes--98, enterobacter cloacae -- 32 and k1. aerogenes 32). it was found that eijkman's test (formation of gas and acid from lactose in broth with bri ... | 1980 | 7001729 |
| antigenic relationships between pore proteins of escherichia coli k12. | antisera were raised against the purified escherichia coli k12 outer membrane proteins ompa-, ompc- and ompf proteins and protein e. several immunological methods were used to investigate the specificity of the antisera and the immunological relationship between the major outer membrane proteins. although the antisera had been raised against highly purified proteins, several of them contained activity against lipopolysaccharide and lipoprotein due to minor impurities in the immunogens. the three ... | 1980 | 7002546 |
| in vivo inoculum effect and resistance selection with cefamandole and cefoxitin against enterobacter cloacae in mice. | | 1980 | 7002900 |
| biochemical characteristics and identification of enterobacteriaceae isolated from meats. | the isolation and identification of 2,220 enterobacteriaceae from meats indicated that escherichia coli biotype i, enterobacter agglomerans, and serratia liquefaciens were the principal types to be differentiated in meats. citrobacter freundii, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and enterobacter hafniae were also commonly identified. identification of isolates by the encise ii (roche diagnostics inc., nutley, n.j.) and minitek (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.) coding system ... | 1981 | 7013705 |
| differences between ceftizoxime and its stereoisomer in antibacterial activity and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins. | a new cephalosporin derivative, ceftizoxime (syn fk 749), and its anti isomer, fr 14060, were compared in antibacterial activity, outer membrane permeability, stability to beta-lactamases, and affinity for penicillin-binding proteins (pbps), using escherichia coli nihj jc-2 and enterobacter cloacae 58-5 as the test organisms. although ceftizoxime was superior in antibacterial activity to fr 14060, no marked differences between the two agents were found in outer membrane permeability and stabilit ... | 1981 | 7018389 |
| [bacteriocin typing of enterobacter cloacae strains (author's transl)]. | by means of bacteriocin typing epidemic studies were carried out with regard to 65 strains of enterobacter cloacae, isolated from various specimens of 59 patients. based on detailed preliminary investigations the presentation with bacteriocins in liquid cultures induced by mitomycin c was found most preferable. since constant and reproducible results are essential, standardization of culture media, incubation temperature, incubation time and inoculum size is required. by means of 13 bacteriocin- ... | 1981 | 7023122 |
| clinical laboratory evaluation of the automicrobic system enterobacteriaceae biochemical card. | the automicrobic system enterobacteriaceae biochemical card (ams-ebc; vitek systems, inc.) was evaluated in two clinical microbiology laboratories. a total of 502 consecutive clinical isolates representing members of the family enterobacteriaceae were tested in parallel with the ams-ebc, api 20e, and enterotube ii systems. discrepancies between systems were resolved with the conventional methods of edwards and ewing (p. r. edwards and w. h. ewing [ed.], identification of enterobacteriaceae, 1972 ... | 1981 | 7026606 |
| enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and yersinia enterocolitica in colonies of laboratory mice, rats and rabbits: an attempt of isolation. | an attempt to isolate enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and yersinia enterocolitica was made in a total of 931 laboratory animals (mice, rats and rabbits) from five representative commercial breeders in this country and from our laboratory colonies. e. cloacae organisms were isolated from feces and other specimens of 15 mice and 17 rats between november 1979 and july 1980. neither s. marcescens nor y. enterocolitica was detectable in any specimen of feces, fur and skin, nasal discharge, ... | 1981 | 7032956 |
| influence of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae and proteus vulgaris on the mortality pattern of mice after lethal irradiation with gamma rays. | the mortality patterns and the ld50/30 for mice free from enterobacteriaceae, mice contaminated with enterobacter cloacae, and mice inoculated with escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae or proteus vulgaris were examined after whole-body irradiation with gamma rays. no clear differences were observed among the infected groups, but there were clear differences between then and those negative for enterobacteriaceae. the ld50/30 of enterobacteriaceae-positive mice was similar to that for conventio ... | 1982 | 7038292 |
| the inhibition of beta-lactamases from gram-negative bacteria by clavulanic acid. | the beta-lactamase from klebsiella pneumoniae e70 behaved in a similar fashion to the tem-2 plasmid mediated enzyme on reaction with clavulanic acid. both enzymes produced two types of enzyme-clavulanate complex, a transiently stable species (t((1/2))=4min at ph7.3 and 37 degrees c) and irreversibly inhibited enzyme. in the initial rapid reaction (2.5min) the enzymes partitioned between the transient and irreversible complexes in the ratios 3:1 for tem-2 beta-lactamase and 1:1 for klebsiella bet ... | 1981 | 7041890 |
| rapid differentiation of bacterial meningitides by direct gas-liquid chromatography. | rapid identification of haemophilus influenzae and other bacillary meningitides was attempted by gas-liquid chromatography (glc) of the metabolic by-products in broth cultures and in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples obtained from experimental meningitis produced in new zealand white male rabbits. these results were correlated with the glc of csf of meningitis patients. a major peak with retention time of succinic acid was found in the broth cultures of all bacilli tested including h. influenzae ... | 1982 | 7042759 |
| biotyping of enterobacter cloacae. | a biotyping scheme for enterobacter cloacae is proposed. tests with seven substrates that gave reliable, reproducible results with 110 isolates of e cloacae formed the basis of the biotyping scheme which would allow recognition of 128 potential biotypes. | 1982 | 7050186 |
| enterobacter cloacae: bacteremia, epidemiology, and antibiotic resistance. | | 1982 | 7071456 |
| simple screening method for gram-positive bacterial beta-lactam antibiotic tolerance on routine laboratory bauer-kirby antibiogram plates. | a simple screening method served to detect beta-lactam antibiotic-tolerant variants of clinical isolates and laboratory control strains of staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermis, group b beta-hemolytic streptococci, and listeria monocytogenes. the beta-lactamase(s) of a multiple drug-resistant strain of enterobacter cloacae (isolate no. 19) yielded most consistent results as compared with several other beta-lactamase producers; the e. cloacae beta-lactamase(s) was neutralized by clavulanic acid. sp ... | 1982 | 7075323 |
| broviac catheter-related bacteremia in oncology patients. | in 27 pediatric oncology patients (median age, 2 years) undergoing chemotherapy for malignant tumours, silastic broviac catheters were placed to provide vascular access. the catheters were in place for a total of 174 patient-months. there were 14 episodes of broviac catheter-related bacteremia or fungemia that occurred in six patients: one patient had six bacteremic episodes, one patient had four episodes, and four patients each had one bacteremic episode. cultures of blood drawn from broviac ca ... | 1982 | 7102618 |
| bacteriocin typing of clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | a total of 16 selected bacteriocins of enterobacter cloacae were characterized presumptively. they proved to be noninfectious, sedimentable (105,000 x g), resistant against chloroform and trypsin, and nonfilterable. the host ranges were essentially species specific. based on susceptibility to one or more of these 16 bacteriocins, 242 of 308 (78.6%) clinical e. cloacae isolates were typed and assigned to 52 provisional bacteriocin types. several outbreaks of nosocomial cross-infection were discer ... | 1982 | 7153338 |
| antibacterial and antimycotic effect of a newly discovered secretion from larvae of an endoparasitic insect, pimpla turionellae l. (hym.). | the larvae of pimpla turionellae, that develop in pupae of various lepidoptera, discharged through their anus up to 8 microliters/h of a hyaline liquid, which is termed "anal secretion". it exerted a strong bacteriostatic effect on enterobacter cloacae, a highly virulent intestinal microorganism isolated from the midgut of the host pupa, pieris brassicae. growth inhibition of escherichia coli, micrococcus luteus and pseudomonas phaseolicola was also evident, but less pronounced. inhibition depen ... | 1982 | 7171286 |
| dinitrogen-fixing bacteria: computer-assisted identification of soil isolates. | dinitrogen-fixing (acetylene-reducing) bacteria may be readily isolated from soils but extensive biochemical or immunobiological testing, or both, are required to identify them absolutely. a computer-assisted scheme for identification of nine genera of dinitrogen-fixing bacteria was developed and tested. the computer program is based on interpretation of the 70 biochemical tests of the api 20e and 50e, supplemented with tests for acetylene reduction, nitrate and nitrite reduction, catalase, oxid ... | 1980 | 7214218 |
| a single medium for the isolation of acetylene-reducing (dinitrogen-fixing) bacteria from soils. | a single medium, containing standard basal salts and three common carbon sources (sucrose, mannitol, and sodium lactate) is proposed to replace nitrogen-free media in common use for isolating dinitrogen-fixing bacteria. eight commonly isolated genera of dinitrogen-fixing bacterial exhibited growth on this combined carbon medium that equalled or bettered growth on other carbon-containing media. combined carbon medium also yielded the highest counts of putative dinitrogen-fixing bacteria from thre ... | 1981 | 7214234 |
| pathological study of infective endocarditis on hancock porcine bioprostheses. | a pathological study has been performed on 10 infected hancock bioprostheses removed from nine patients who died of prosthetic endocarditis. the devices had been in place from 2 to 87 months (average 37.5), the interval between operation and onset of infection averaging 30 months. the offending organisms were gram negative bacteria in three patients (klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and serratia marcescens), gram positive bacteria in two (staphylococcus aureus and streptococcus virid ... | 1981 | 7230861 |
| an ultrastructural and autoradiographic study of the immune response in hyalophora cecropia pupae. | three types of hemocytes are found in the cecropia pupa, plasmatocytes, granular cells, and spherule cells. the granular cells are the major phagocytic blood cells, taking up the bacterium enterobacter cloacae when this is injected into the pupae. disintegrating blood cells are observed near the pericardial tissue. no other changes in ultrastructure are noted in hemocytes and pericardial cells which could be correlated with the immune response in these pupae. the fat body cells from pupae inject ... | 1981 | 7237529 |
| [two cases of neonatal meningitis caused by "enterobacter cloacae" (author's transl)]. | two cases are reported of neonatal meningitis caused by enterobacter cloacae. the two patients are alive; one is perfectly well, the other resulted in hydrocephalus. both children came from the same neonatal unit where the were given phototherapy. the importance of nosocomial infections is outlined and different aspects related to the etiology, the environment and the host (particularly immunologic deficits) are briefly reviewed. | 1980 | 7247493 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity of fr-31564, a phosphonic acid antimicrobial agent. | the in vitro and in vivo activity of fr-31564 [sodium hydrogen 3-(n-hydroxyformamido)propylphosphate] against gram-positive and -negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria was investigated and compared with that of fosfomycin, cephalexin, carbenicillin, and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole. the in vitro activity of fr-31564 was markedly enhanced when combined with glucose 6-phosphate or fructose 6-phosphate, but not when combined with ribose phosphate, adenosine monophosphate, or glycerol phosphate. i ... | 1981 | 7271270 |
| an outbreak of pseudobacteremia caused by enterobacter cloacae from a phlebotomist's vial of thrombin. | in a 15-day period, seven patients in a small hospital each had one blood culture positive for enterobacter cloacae. none of the seven patients was septic. all seven positive culture specimens had been obtained by phlebotomist a, who also had obtained 13 negative culture specimens in the same period. seven other phlebotomists had drawn 69 blood samples for culture during the same period; none had yielded any microorganism (p = 0.00001). vials of thrombin, routinely used to coagulate blood specim ... | 1981 | 7294547 |
| role of ph, lactate, and anaerobiosis in controlling the growth of some fermentative gram-negative bacteria on beef. | at 5 degrees c four strains of fermentative, gram-negative bacteria (serratia liquefaciens, yersinia enterocolitica, enterobacter cloacae, and aeromonas hydrophila) grew aerobically and anaerobically on adipose tissue removed from beef muscle of low ph (5.4 to 5.6). all four strains also grew aerobically and anaerobically on muscle tissue of high ph (6.0 to 6.3). however, none of the four grew anaerobically on beef muscle of low ph, and the aeromonad strain also failed to grow aerobically on suc ... | 1981 | 7316511 |
| effect of clindamycin prophylaxis on the colonic microflora in patients undergoing colorectal surgery. | clindamycin was given intravenously to 15 patients undergoing colorectal surgery in an initial dose of 600 mg, given at induction of anesthesia followed by 6 doses of 600 mg at 8-h intervals. series of serum samples and fecal specimens were taken for analysis of clindamycin concentrations. tissue samples from the gut wall were taken at surgery. the highest serum concentrations observed occurred 30 min after administration of clindamycin and varied between 6.8 and 37.9 microgram/ml (mean, 14.8 +/ ... | 1981 | 7325640 |
| fermentation of polysaccharides by klebsielleae and other facultative bacilli. | fermentations of 10 polysaccharides by species of the family enterobacteriaceae were examined. algin, guar, karaya, xanthan, and xylan were not fermented by any of the strains tested. most of the activity was found in the tribe klebsielleae. klebsiella oxytoca fermented amylopectin (97% of the strains studied), carrageenan (100%), inulin (68%), polypectate (100%), and tragacanth (100%). klebsiella pneumoniae fermented amylopectin (91%), carrageenan (100%), and tragacanth (86%). carrageenan was a ... | 1980 | 7396489 |
| [enterobacter cloacae pseudobacteremia in an intensive care unit]. | | 1980 | 7422495 |
| effect of contamination levels on antimicrobial susceptibilities tested by autobac i. | two gram-positive and five gram-negative species of bacteria commonly isolated from clinical specimens were used in 704 different inoculum ratios against 11 antimicrobial agents to study the effect of contamination levels on the susceptibility patterns of mixed cultures. staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, proteus mirabilis, and enterobacter cloacae were used in 12 combinations of two each. the pure culture inoculum tube ... | 1980 | 7425604 |
| early deaths after irradiation of mice contaminated by enterobacter cloacae. | after lethal irradiation with gamma-rays, mice contaminated with enterobacter cloacae died earlier than expected. pseudomonas aeruginosa, which is the usual cause of unexpected early radiation deaths, was not detected in dead mice. evidence of an e. cloacae bacteraemia was obtained in irradiated mice and it is concluded that contamination with e. cloacae is a potential hazard in experiments involving measurements of radiation lethality. | 1980 | 7431845 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-cephalosporin derivatives. i. synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-alkyl- and 2-hydroxy-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-acetamido]cephalosporins. | 2-alkyl- and 2-hydroxy derivatives of 7 beta-[2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins were synthesized to improve the antibacterial activity of the parent compounds especially against beta-lactamase-producing organisms. some of these compounds showed an increase in activity against serratia marcescens (xb, xxiiia) and enterobacter cloacae (xb, xiv). the 2,2-dimethyl derivative (xxviiib) showed a definite loss of activity. | 1980 | 7440407 |
| synthesis and structure-activity relationships of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]-cephalosporin derivatives. iii. synthesis and antibacterial activity of 7 beta-[2-amino-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins. | new derivatives of 7 beta-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)acetamido]cephalosporins having amino group at the 2-position of the 7-acyl moiety were synthesized in the hope that they would show improved antibacterial activity. some of these compounds (xxa, xxd, xvb) showed improved activity against enterobacter cloacae. replacement of the annular amino group by a methyl group caused loss of activity. | 1980 | 7440409 |
| necrotizing enterocolitis. epidemic following an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae type 3305573 in a neonatal intensive care unit. | twelve cases of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) occurred within three weeks in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) with 325 annual admissions. enterobacter cloacae type 3305573 was found in stool and/or blood cultures from affected babies prior to the onset of the disease. this bacterium could not be grown in cultures from infants in the same nicu six weeks later. a causal relationship between e cloacae and the epidemic of nec is suggested. | 1980 | 7446502 |
| growth of enterobacter cloacae in the presence of 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate. | the growth of enterobacter cloacae in 25% sodium dodecyl sulfate is described. the bacteria appeared to tolerate sodium dodecyl sulfate rather than metabolize it. the process was energy dependent, and cell lysis occurred during stationary phase. extreme detergent resistance may be characteristic of the genus enterobacter. | 1980 | 7447446 |
| in vitro pharmacodynamics of piperacillin, piperacillin-tazobactam, and ciprofloxacin alone and in combination against staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | the time-kill curve methodology was used to determine the pharmacodynamics of piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, piperacillin-tazobactam and the combinations piperacillin-ciprofloxacin and ciprofloxacin-piperacillin-tazobactam. kill curve studies were performed for piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, and piperacillin-tazobactam at concentrations of 0.25 to 50 times the mics for 13 strains of bacteria: four pseudomonas aeruginosa, three enterobacter cloacae, three klebsiella pneumoniae, and three staphylococc ... | 1995 | 7486906 |
| characterization of rhizosphere colonization by luminescent enterobacter cloacae at the population and single-cell levels. | a bioluminescence marker system was used to characterized colonization of the rhizosphere by a bacterial inoculum, both in terms of population activity and at the single-cell level. plasmid pqf70/44, which contains luxab genes under the control of a strong constitutive phage promoter, was introduced into the rhizobacterium and model biocontrol agent enterobacter cloacae. light output from the lux-modified strain was detected by luminometry of samples from growing cultures of e. cloacae and from ... | 1995 | 7487027 |
| comparative antimicrobial activities of the penem wy-49605 (sun5555) against recent clinical isolates from five u.s. medical centers. | the in vitro activity of wy-49605 (sun5555) (wy) was compared with those of cefaclor, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanic acid against 2,958 consecutive clinical isolates from five medical centers and 402 respiratory pathogens from 18 other facilities. most members of the family enterobacteriaceae were inhibited by wy (mic at which 50% of the isolates are inhibited [mic50], < or = 2.0 micrograms/ml). mic90s of > or = 8.0 micrograms/ml were observed for enterobacter cloacae, serratia spp., and p ... | 1995 | 7492110 |
| disinfection of dental stone casts: antimicrobial effects and physical property alterations. | the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of disinfecting solutions incorporated into dental stone casts against a standard and representative group of microorganisms and to note changes in the physical properties of the casts. | 1995 | 7498603 |
| isolation and sequence analysis of rpoh genes encoding sigma 32 homologs from gram negative bacteria: conserved mrna and protein segments for heat shock regulation. | the rpoh genes encoding homologs of escherichia coli sigma 32 (heat shock sigma factor) were isolated and sequenced from five gram negative proteobacteria (gamma or alpha subgroup): enterobacter cloacae (gamma), serratia marcescens (gamma), proteus mirabilis (gamma), agrobacterium tumefaciens (alpha) and zymomonas mobilis (alpha). comparison of these and three known genes from e.coli (gamma), citrobacter freundii (gamma) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (gamma) revealed marked similarities that should ... | 1995 | 7501460 |
| biotyping, phage typing, and o-serotyping of clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae. | the purpose of this study was to make an independent evaluation of the methods of bio-, phage-, and o-serotyping which had been used only in the laboratory of origin, and to assess the extent of possible cross-infection of enterobacter cloacae in a danish university hospital. the material consisted of 237 clinical isolates of e. cloacae from the clinical microbiology laboratory at hvidovre hospital. the typability of bio-, phage-, and serotyping was 100%, 83%, and 85%, respectively. reproducibil ... | 1993 | 7506916 |
| ribotyping of selected isolates of enterobacter cloacae and clinical data related to biotype, phage type, o-serotype, and ribotype. | in order to evaluate if ribotyping of selected isolates of enterobacter cloacae could further elucidate the epidemiology, we performed ribotyping of 109 isolates indistinguishable by bio-, phage-, and o-serotyping, with inconclusive typing results, or from patients with more than one isolate. ribotyping provided additional information, and some cases of cross-infection or common source of infection were revealed. under the supposition that isolates sharing the same ribotype were of the same orig ... | 1993 | 7506918 |
| nosocomial septicaemia due to enterobacter cloacae. | | 1994 | 7516785 |
| monoclonal antibodies to pseudomonas pseudomallei and their potential for diagnosis of melioidosis. | monoclonal antibodies (mabs) specific for pseudomonas pseudomallei antigens were produced by immunizing balb/c mice with a crude whole cell extract. hybrids secreting mabs specific for p. pseudomallei antigens were identified by an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) against a panel of crude whole cell extracts from p. pseudomallei, p. cepacia, p. aeruginosa, p. putida, p. alcaligenes, xanthomonas maltophilia, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, salmonel ... | 1995 | 7535014 |
| biological and immunological comparisons of enterobacter cloacae and escherichia coli porins. | bacteriocin susceptibilities indicate that during cloacin df13 uptake the f porin of enterobacter cloacae plays a similar role to that reported for the ompf porin of escherichia coli during colicin a entry. the translocatory activities of these two porins during the bacteriocin uptake can be substituted by the porins d and ompc, respectively, under conditions not requiring the receptor binding step. using anti-peptide antibodies, a peptide located in the internal loop l3 of the escherichia coli ... | 1995 | 7541759 |
| a brain abscess due to multiply-resistant enterobacter cloacae successfully treated with meropenem. | | 1995 | 7548516 |
| multidrug resistance in klebsiella pneumoniae: a novel gene, rama, confers a multidrug resistance phenotype in escherichia coli. | spontaneous multidrug-resistant (mdr) mutants of klebsiella pneumoniae strain ecl8 arose at a frequency of 2.2 x 10(-8) and showed increased resistance to a range of unrelated antibiotics, including chloramphenicol, tetracycline, nalidixic acid, ampicillin, norfloxacin, trimethoprim and puromycin. a chromosomal fragment from one such mutant was cloned, and found to confer an mdr phenotype on escherichia coli k12 cells that was essentially identical to that of the k. pneumoniae mutant. almost com ... | 1995 | 7551053 |
| microbial surveillance of human islet isolation, in vitro culture, and cryopreservation. | the aim of these studies was to investigate microbiological contamination during the isolation and preservation of islets of langerhans in a low-temperature tissue bank. islets were isolated from the pancreases of 117 organ donors, then cryopreserved. in the initial 47, microbial culture was completed only after thawing: enterobacter cloacae (n = 4) and gram-negative bacilli (n = 9) were isolated for a positive culture rate of 27.6%. it was not possible to ascertain the source of the contaminant ... | 1995 | 7554583 |
| in vitro antibacterial activities of fk037: a new parenteral cephalosporin. | the antibacterial and bactericidal activities and the stability of fk037 to beta-lactamases were investigated and compared with those of cefpirome, flomoxef, ceftazidime, ceftizoxime, and vancomycin. against clinical isolates of methicillin-sensitive and methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, fk037 was less active than vancomycin but more potent than the other drugs tested. among highly methicillin-resistant staphylococci (mic for methicillin: 200 mg/l or higher), none of the strains were ... | 1995 | 7555206 |
| pharmacodynamic effects of meropenem on gram-negative bacteria. | the in vitro initial killing and post-antibiotic effect (pae) of meropenem on five gram-negative reference strains were evaluated by bioluminescence assay of bacterial adenosine triphosphate (atp) and viable count. morphology studies were performed in parallel. meropenem showed concentration-dependent long (2-5 h) paes on enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa and serratia marcescens when assayed by bioluminescence and induced spheroplasts at almost ... | 1995 | 7556226 |
| effects of mutations and deletions on expression of the enterobacter cloacae ompx gene. | the enterobacter cloacae outer membrane protein ompx is involved in resistance to beta-lactams, and possesses virulence characteristics. to gain more insight into the genetic elements that are important for ompx expression, several mutations were introduced at, and immediately upstream of, the n-terminus of the ompx coding sequence. these mutations enabled us to delete the 5' untranslated region and the signal peptide coding sequence. the former led to decreased ompx expression, indicating an un ... | 1995 | 7557297 |
| activation of human endothelial cells by viable or heat-killed gram-negative bacteria requires soluble cd14. | in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharides (lps; endotoxin), endothelial cells are converted to an activation phenotype expressing both proinflammatory and procoagulant properties that include the induction of leukocyte adhesion molecules and tissue factor expression. lps-induced endothelial cell activation requires a soluble form of the monocyte lps receptor, scd14. we evaluated the capacity of multiple strains of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria to induce endothelial e-selectin and t ... | 1995 | 7558318 |
| loss of porins following carbapenem-resistance selection and adherence modification in enterobacteria. | the acquired resistance to the carbapenems is frequently joined to modified expression of porins or other outer membrane (om) structures, thus bacterial adherence, that also depends on the presence of peculiar surface structures, might theoretically be influenced. in this study the ability to adhere to hep-2 and i-407 eukaryotic cell monolayers was assayed for two susceptible strains of serratia marcescens, one strain of enterobacter cloacae and one of providencia rettgeri in comparison with tha ... | 1995 | 7562008 |
| ceftibuten: a review of antimicrobial activity, spectrum and other microbiologic features. | ceftibuten is a new, orally administered cephalosporin with exceptional beta-lactamase stability and potency against commonly isolated gram-negative pathogens. more than 90% of recent enterobacteriaceae clinical isolates were inhibited by < or = 8 micrograms/ml of ceftibuten. in only five enteric species (citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens) were more than 15% of strains resistant (minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic, wi ... | 1995 | 7567314 |
| bacterial pneumonia in recipients of bone marrow transplantation. a five-year prospective study. | bacterial pneumonia as an important complication of bone marrow transplantation (bmt) has not been subjected to comprehensive analysis. two hundred fifty-five consecutive allogeneic and autologous bmt recipients, ranging in age from 1 month to 53 years, were prospectively followed for 3 days to 3 years (median, 108 days) for development of bacterial pneumonia. etiology, place acquired, chest radiography, and outcome were recorded and the association between bacterial pneumonia and demographic an ... | 1995 | 7570975 |
| poly(ethylene glycol)-doxorubicin conjugates containing beta-lactamase-sensitive linkers. | 7-aminocephalosporin doxorubicin (ac-dox) was condensed with monomethoxypoly(ethylene glycol)-propionic acid n-hydroxysuccinimide ester (5 kda) or with a branched form of poly(ethylene glycol)-propionic acid n-hydroxysuccinimide ester (10 kda), forming m-peg-ac-dox and b-peg-ac-dox, respectively. these polymer drug derivatives were designed such that doxorubicin would be released upon enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase (bl)-catalyzed hydrolysis. both m-peg-ac-dox (ic50 = 80 microm) and b-peg-ac ... | 1995 | 7578358 |
| role of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in the design of dosage schedules for 12-h cefotaxime alone and in combination with other antibiotics. | pharmacodynamic principles have provided important tools to evaluate and compare antimicrobial agents, and well as to guide dosing. for beta-lactams, time above the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) has surfaced as the most important factor. however, the area under the inhibitory serum concentration time-curve (auic) may be superior when appropriate dosing intervals are selected. although the target time over the mic is unclear in humans even when concentrations remain continuously above th ... | 1995 | 7587053 |
| effects of tazobactam on the frequency of the emergence of resistant strains from enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and proteus vulgaris (beta-lactamase derepressed mutants). | when enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and proteus vulgaris were treated with piperacillin (pipc) in combination with tazobactam (taz), the in vitro frequency of emergence of resistant strains (beta-lactamase producing mutants) was lower than with pipc or ceftazidime (caz) treated bacteria. in a mouse intraperitoneal infection model caused by e. cloacae, beta-lactamase derepressed mutants were detected following therapy with pipc or caz, although no derepressed mutants were detected af ... | 1995 | 7592048 |
| control-related effective regrowth time and post-antibiotic effect of meropenem on gram-negative bacteria studied by bioluminescence and viable counts. | a study was performed to compare viable counts and bioluminescence for determining control related effective regrowth time (cert) and postantibiotic effect (pae) on gram-negative bacteria after two hours of exposure to meropenem. there was a good correlation between bioluminescence and viable counts in determining the cell numbers in growing cultures of escherichia coli. cert was defined as the time required for the resumption of logarithmic growth and an increase of 1 log10 to occur over the pr ... | 1995 | 7592171 |
| inhibitory action of metabolites of pseudomonas aeruginosa against gram-negative bacteria. | fifty clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa were tested for inhibition of growth of clinical isolates of escherichia coli, salmonella infantis, klebsiella pneumoniae and other gram-negative bacteria in the authors' laboratory. pseudomonas aeruginosa was strongly active against both e. coli and enterobacter cloacae, with 89.4% and 94.7% inhibition respectively, but weakly active against s. infantis, k. pneumoniae and proteus mirabilis with 56.3%, 48.8% and 23.8% inhibition, respectively. th ... | 1995 | 7594787 |
| multicentre comparative study on the antibacterial activity of fk-037, a new parenteral cephalosporin. | the in vitro antibacterial activity of fk-037, a new parenteral cephalosporin structurally related to cefpirome and cefepime, was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, cefpirome, cefepime, imipenem and meropenem against 1,837 clinical isolates obtained from three spanish hospitals. fk-037 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae isolates at < or = 0.25 microgram/ml, with the exception of enterobacter aerogenes (mic90 1 microgram/ml), enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii ( ... | 1995 | 7614970 |
| breakdown of the stereospecificity of dd-peptidases and beta-lactamases with thiolester substrates. | with peptide analogues of their natural substrates (the glycopeptide units of nascent peptidoglycan), the dd-peptidases exhibit a strict preference for d-ala-d-xaa c-termini. gly is tolerated as the c-terminal residue, but with a significantly decreased activity. these enzymes were also known to hydrolyse various ester and thiolester analogues of their natural substrates. some thiolesters with a c-terminal leaving group that exhibited l stereochemistry were significantly hydrolysed by some of th ... | 1995 | 7626006 |
| surveillance of oral cultures for enterobacteriaceae during bone marrow transplantation. | bone marrow-transplanted patients can suffer from severe life-threatening infections. oral bacterial cultures were collected from a group of 40 patients prior to and following bone marrow transplantation every 3 days, following initial preparation and eradication of oral infections. the samples were grown on the titertek-enterobac kit specific for enterobacteriaceae. in 426 oral cultures 30.5% grew gram-negative bacteria, 76.6% of them were enterobacteriaceae. young male patients had 8.3% positi ... | 1995 | 7627090 |
| regressions and cures of melanoma xenografts following treatment with monoclonal antibody beta-lactamase conjugates in combination with anticancer prodrugs. | cephalosporin doxorubicin (c-dox) and 7-(4-carboxybutanamido)-cephalosporin mustard (ccm) are prodrugs that are catalytically converted by enterobacter cloacae beta-lactamase (bl) to the active anticancer agents doxorubicin and phenylenediamine mustard, respectively. both prodrugs were less cytotoxic to the 3677 human melanoma line than their respective drugs and were activated in an immunologically specific manner by 96.5-bl, a mab-bl conjugate that binds to 3677 cell surface antigens. similar ... | 1995 | 7627964 |
| antimicrobial activity of 11 newer and investigational drugs tested against aerobic isolates from spontaneous bacterial peritonitis. | the in vitro susceptibility of 124 aerobic bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) were tested against 11 antimicrobial agents, including parenteral or oral cephalosporins and fluoroquinolones. most sbp isolates were gram-negative organisms, and escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were responsible for 63% of the episodes evaluated. the fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) and the "fourth-generation" cephalosporin cefpirome were the ... | 1995 | 7628189 |
| comparative evaluation of orally active antibiotics against community-acquired pathogens: a multi-center study in five mediterranean countries. | in 5 mediterranean countries 7902 pathogens, all isolated in 1992 and 1993 from community-acquired infections, were studied for susceptibility to the following orally active antibiotics: penicillin g, ampicillin, ampicillin + sulbactam, amoxycillin + clavulanic acid (both 2:1 ratio), cefalexin, cefaclor, cefuroxime, cefetamet, doxycycline and erythromycin. ten centers in italy, 4 centers in greece, 3 centers in spain, and 1 center in lebanon and saudi arabia contributed to this study; all center ... | 1995 | 7629552 |
| different biological conditions influencing bacterial adherence assay. | adherence of bacteria to animal cells is considered the first step in the pathogenesis of many infectious diseases. the most suitable techniques developed in vitro to check the capacity of bacteria to adhere to different tissues use monolayers of established cell lines. we studied the influence of incubation time (1, 2, 3 hours), cell substrates (hep-2, h-407) and the number of bacteria per cell (1, 10, 100, 1000) on the adherence index (number of adherent bacteria per cell determined by microsc ... | 1995 | 7629566 |
| effect of beta-lactamase expression on susceptibility of local isolates of enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa to beta-lactam antibiotics. | during surveillance studies, a total of 66 strains of gram-negative bacilli (28 enterobacter cloacae, 20 serratia marcescens and 18 pseudomonas aeruginosa) with a reduced susceptibility to third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and amikacin were isolated from documented infections. all isolates were highly susceptible to imipenem and sparfloxacin. beta-lactamase activity was demonstrated in all isolates of e. cloacae and s. marcescens, and in 77% of p. aeruginosa isolates. inducible beta-lac ... | 1995 | 7656665 |
| environmental contamination by organisms causing urinary tract infection. | we have examined the bedsheets, floor and bedside chairs of 33 patients with urinary tract infections for organisms causing urinary infection. in ten patients the causative organism was recovered from the undersheet, and in two of these it was also recovered from the floor and bedside chair. escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and enterococcus faecalis were recovered from sheets, while group b beta-haemolytic streptococci and candida tropicalis were also found on floors ... | 1995 | 7658010 |
| [staghorn renal lithiasis treated with shock waves. bacteriologic aspects]. | struvite renal stones are caused by infection of the urine with bacteria that synthesize the enzyme urease. ammonium is released by the breakdown of urea by urease, the urine becomes highly alkaline, and magnesium ammonium phosphate (struvite) and carbonate apatite crystallize. incorporation of the infecting bacteria within the developing stone, results in a focus of infection that is resistant to conventional antimicrobial therapy, and which is manifested clinically by repeated urinary tract in ... | 1994 | 7658975 |
| enterobacter cloacae is an endophytic symbiont of corn. | the bacterium enterobacter cloacae is presently used for biocontrol of postharvest diseases of fruits and vegetables and as a preplant seed treatment for suppression of damping-off. this bacterium has apparent affinities for several grass species, but it is not considered to be an endophyte. while screening corn for fungi and bacteria with potential for biocontrol of various corn diseases, the surface-sterilized kernels of one unknown italian corn cultivar produced fungus-free corn seedlings wit ... | 1995 | 7659140 |
| nosocomial bacteremia-induced increases in abscess formation correlate with in vitro upregulation of macrophage procoagulant activity. | to evaluate the hypothesis that sublethal exposure to common nosocomial pathogens can alter the host response to a later, distant infectious insult (peritonitis and intraperitoneal abscess formation), and that these changes are related to the induction of macrophage procoagulant activity. | 1995 | 7664558 |
| an outbreak of enterobacter cloacae associated with contamination of a blood gas machine. | over a 3-month period, five cases of enterobacter cloacae bacteraemia occurred on our neonatal unit. in at least three of these, isolation of the organism coincided with clinical deterioration and evidence of sepsis. in one case, the same strain was isolated from an abscess on the neonate's forearm. the isolates had identical sensitivity patterns being resistant to all beta-lactams tested except imipenem. the extended time course of the infections made cross-infection an unlikely explanation. mo ... | 1995 | 7673746 |
| lipopolysaccharide profile typing as a technique for comparative typing of gram-negative bacteria. | we have applied the technique of lipopolysaccharide (lps) profiling in sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to the typing of 124 isolates of 12 gram-negative species from suspected outbreaks of infection. lps was prepared by proteinase k digestion or micro-phenol-water extraction. a total of 11 of the 12 species gave clear ladder band profiles, the exception being acinetobacter baumannii. when compared with conventional typing for enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas aeruginosa ... | 1993 | 7684751 |
| in vitro activity of sce-2787, a new cephalosporin with potent activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | the in vitro activity of sce-2787, 7-[(z)-2-(5-amino-1,2,4-thiadiazol-3- yl)-2-methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-(1-imidazo[1,2-b]pyridazinium)methy l-3- cephem-4-carboxylate, was compared with those of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, and imipenem against recent clinical isolates. sce-2787 inhibited 50% of tested isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae at < or = 0.25 micrograms/ml. sce-2787 was equally active as or more active than ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against members of the enterobacteriaceae, with t ... | 1994 | 7695279 |
| structure and oxygen sensitivity of nifla promoter of enterobacter cloacae. | the nucleotide sequence of the nifla promoter of enterobacter cloacae e26 was determined, and the transcription start site of nifla was mapped by the primer extension. studies on the oxygen regulation of e. cloacae nifla promoter with the nifl'-lacz fusion showed that the nifla promoter was sensitive to oxygen as klebsiella pneumoniae nifla promoter reported previously. comparison between the nifla promoter sequences of e. cloacae and k. pneumoniae revealed the presence of an 11-bp conserved seq ... | 1995 | 7695817 |
| synthesis and biological activity of 7-alkylidenecephems. | several 7-alkylidenecephalosporins were synthesized and biologically evaluated as beta-lactamase inhibitors. the three beta-lactamase enzymes used in this study included two type c beta-lactamases, derived from enterobacter cloacae p99 and e. cloacae sc12368, and one type a beta-lactamase, derived from escherichia coli wc3310. of the cephalosporins prepared, compound 7e, the sodium salt of 7-[(z)-(2'-pyridyl)methylene]cephalosporanic acid sulfone, was found to have excellent inhibitory propertie ... | 1995 | 7699694 |
| [bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies of sy5555 dry syrup in the pediatric field]. | bacteriological, pharmacokinetic and clinical studies on sy5555 dry syrup (powder which is dissolved before use), a new penem antibiotic for oral use, were performed. the following results were obtained. 1. antibacterial activities. mics of sy5555, clavulanic acid/amoxicillin (cva/ampc), cefotiam (ctm), cefpodoxime (cpdx), cefaclor (ccl) and cefdinir (cfdn) were determined against clinically isolated staphylococcus aureus, coagulase negative staphylococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus ... | 1995 | 7699846 |
| demonstration of the indolepyruvate decarboxylase gene homologue in different auxin-producing species of the enterobacteriaceae. | different enterobacteriaceae were assayed for their ability to produce the plant hormone indole-3-acetate with the aim to study the distribution of the indole-3-pyruvate pathway, which is known to be involved in the production of indole-3-acetate in a root-associated enterobacter cloacae strain. other e. cloacae strains, and also enterobacter agglomerans strains, pantoea agglomerans, klebsiella aerogenes, and klebsiella oxytoca were found to convert tryptophan into indole-3-acetate. as it was al ... | 1994 | 7704833 |
| comparative in-vitro activity of piperacillin-tazobactam against recent clinical isolates, a dutch national multicentre study. | in this dutch national survey piperacillin-tazobactam had a mic90 of < or = 8 mg/l for enterobacteriaceae (enterobacter cloacae excluded) and pseudomonas aeruginosa, 64 mg/l for e. cloacae, and 4 mg/l for acinetobacter spp. the corresponding mic90 values for piperacillin alone were < or = 256 mg/l, 256 mg/l, 16 mg/l and 32 mg/l. only 15 of 93 piperacillin-tazobactam resistant e. cloacae strains were sensitive for ceftazidime, whereas 41 of 93 ceftazidime-resistant e. cloacae were sensitive to pi ... | 1994 | 7706173 |
| development of resistance by enterobacter cloacae during therapy of pulmonary infections in intensive care patients. | the emergence of resistance during therapy and the efficacy of different antibiotic therapy regimens were studied in 38 intensive care patients suffering from pulmonary infections caused by enterobacter cloacae. every three days a fresh isolate was obtained from each patient and tested in vitro for susceptibility to 16 antibiotics by determination of the minimal inhibitory concentrations. during therapy with cefotaxime and tobramycin the e. cloacae strains from 47% of the patients became resista ... | 1994 | 7711407 |
| relative importances of outer membrane permeability and group 1 beta-lactamase as determinants of meropenem and imipenem activities against enterobacter cloacae. | the roles of outer membrane permeability and bush group 1 beta-lactamase activity in determining enterobacter cloacae susceptibility to either meropenem or imipenem were investigated. a beta-lactamase-deficient strain was obtained by mutagenesis from a clinical isolate of e. cloacae, and a porin-deficient strain was selected from this mutant with cefoxitin. both strains were transformed with the plasmid paa20r, which contained the gene coding for the carbapenem-hydrolyzing cpha beta-lactamase, a ... | 1995 | 7726496 |
| in vitro activity of bms-181139, a new carbapenem with potent antipseudomonal activity. | the in vitro activities of the carbapenem bms-181139 were determined in comparison with those of imipenem, meropenem, ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and vancomycin. bms-181139 was the most active against species of pseudomonas and related genera alteromonas and burkholderia, with mics for 147 of 149 isolates of < 4 micrograms/ml. of 22 imipenem-resistant (mic > 8 micrograms/ml) p. aeruginosa strains, only 1 required an mic of bms-181139 of > 4 micrograms/ml, compared with 14 requiring the same mero ... | 1995 | 7726502 |
| production of a plasmid mediated ampc-like beta-lactamase by a klebsiella pneumoniae septicaemia isolate. | a septicaemia klebsiella pneumoniae isolate from greece (ath1) was shown to be resistant to third generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and cefoxitin and this resistance was not decreased in the presence of clavulanic acid. the gene coding for the resistance phenotype, associated with a beta-lactamase showing cephalosporinase activity and a pi of 8.6, could be transferred into escherichia coli k-12 by conjugation and transformation. dna-hybridisation showed that this gene was located on two diffe ... | 1994 | 7730237 |