| in vitro activity of temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone antimicrobial agent. | temafloxacin, a new difluoro quinolone, inhibited the majority of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml. it was 4-8-fold less active than ciprofloxacin and 2-fold less active than ofloxacin. cefotaxime and imipenem-resistant isolates such as enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter spp. were inhibited. temafloxacin inhibited neisseria, branhamella, and haemophilus species at less than 0.25 microgram/ml. methicillin-susceptible and ... | 1988 | 3132380 |
| in vitro evaluation of e1040, a new cephalosporin with potent antipseudomonal activity. | e1040 is a new parenteral cephalosporin with a broad antibacterial spectrum and potent antipseudomonal activity. the compound was four- to eightfold more active than ceftazidime and cefsulodin against pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic of e1040 for 90% of strains tested [mic90], 3.13 micrograms/ml). e1040 also showed a potent activity against other glucose-nonfermentative rods, including acinetobacter species. the activities of e1040 against most species of the family enterobacteriaceae were roughly co ... | 1988 | 3134847 |
| [demonstration of glycocalyx formation in vitro in citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and planococcus sp.: the effect of polyosidases]. | three bacterial species of different origin, citrobacter freundii, proteus mirabilis and planococcus sp., formed glycocalyx in vitro and thereby showed that the phenomena does not only occur in vivo contrary to the opinion of many authors. the glycocalyx was produced in the attachment processes used or both extra- and intercellular attachment. the aggregates formed caused large errors in bacterial counts and led to questioning of the very principle of the counting procedures. the glycocalyx was ... | 1987 | 3135828 |
| bacteremic citrobacter freundii cellulitis associated with tub immersion in a patient with the nephrotic syndrome. | | 1988 | 3140054 |
| mechanism of inhibition of chromosomal beta-lactamases by third-generation cephalosporins. | the kinetic interactions of the beta-lactamase from enterobacter cloacae 908 r with ceftriaxone, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime have been examined in detail. with all of these cephalosporins, there is an initial rapid reaction involving opening of the beta-lactam that then decreases to a slower steady-state rate (kss) of beta-lactam hydrolysis (at 37 degrees c: ceftriaxone, kss = 0.044 s-1; cefotaxime, kss = 0.033 s-1; ceftazidime, kss = 0.011 s-1). more than stoichiometric quantities of beta-lacta ... | 1988 | 3142012 |
| [susceptibility of clinically isolated strains to aztreonam]. | in vitro antibacterial activities of aztreonam (azt) and cephems against clinically isolated 334 strains were investigated. the results obtained in the study are summarized as follows: 1. azt showed excellent antibacterial activities against clinically isolated 334 strains. 2. azt showed potent activities against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus spp., enterobacter aerogenes and citrobacter freundii. 3. antibacterial activities of azt were superior against enterobacter cloacae, se ... | 1988 | 3145344 |
| [the toxigenicity of strains of citrobacter freundii]. | | 1985 | 3157464 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of norfloxacin and other agents against ocular pathogens. | 302 clinical isolates representing 16 bacterial species most often implicated in ocular infections were tested in vitro against norfloxacin and a panel of antibacterial agents. on the basis of the 90% minimal inhibitory concentration (mic90) data, norfloxacin was 4-32 times more active than the next best antimicrobial tested against citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae and staphylococcus ep ... | 1985 | 3157551 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. focusing mainly on ofloxacin (first report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility of clinical isolates]. | susceptibility tests were carried out on a variety of clinically isolated pathogens using the susceptibility disc method at 197 hospitals in japan between may, 1985 through march, 1986. these tests were organized by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates, and the results were statistically analyzed. this paper describes a comparison of susceptibilities of clinical isolates including staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, st ... | 1988 | 3163383 |
| [susceptibility of gram-negative bacterial isolates to six beta-lactam and two aminoglycoside antibiotics at our university hospital]. | susceptibilities of gram-negative bacterial strains isolated at the university hospital in 1987 to six beta-lactam antibiotics (azthreonam cefmetazole, ceftizoxime, latamoxef, aminobenzyl-penicillin and piperacillin) and two aminoglycoside antibiotics (gentamicin and amikacin) were examined by agar dilution and the agar diffusion method. results obtained from both methods correlated well in most of the strains. most of the strains belonging to escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, klebsiella pne ... | 1988 | 3175388 |
| mechanistic deductions from kinetic isotope effects and ph studies of pyridoxal phosphate dependent carbon-carbon lyases: erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii tyrosine phenol-lyase. | the ph dependence of the kinetic parameters and primary deuterium isotope effects have been determined for tyrosine phenol-lyase from both erwinia herbicola and citrobacter freundii. the primary deuterium isotope effects indicate that proton abstraction from the 2-position of the substrate is partially rate-limiting for both enzymes. the c. freundii enzyme primary deuterium isotope effects [dv = 3.5 and d(v/ktyr) = 2.5] are ph independent, indicating that tyrosine is not sticky (i.e., does not d ... | 1988 | 3207679 |
| [antibacterial activities of monobactams against fresh clinical isolates]. | antibacterial activities of monobactam antibiotics (carumonam (crmn) and aztreonam (azt] against gram-negative bacilli isolated from inpatients in the latter half of 1987 were investigated using penicillin (pc: piperacillin (pipc], cephems (ceps: ceftazidime (caz), cefotaxime (ctx), latamoxef (lmox), cefsulodin (cfs], carbapenem (imipenem (ipm] and pyridonecarboxylic acids (norfloxacin (nflx) and ofloxacin (oflx] as reference antibiotics. a total of 400 strains of 13 species, i.e. escherichia co ... | 1988 | 3210297 |
| [in vitro synergy between cefotaxime and its main metabolite, desacetylcefotaxime]. | in vitro synergistic interaction between cefotaxime (ctx) and its main metabolite, desacetyl-cefotaxime (dctx), against 7 species of clinical isolates (23-27 strains per species) was examined. complete or partial synergy was noted with a 1:1 combination of ctx and dctx against 22-78% of the bacteroides fragilis, staphylococcus aureus, citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas cepacia and enterobacter cloacae isolates examined. antagonistic effects of the drugs appeared against 11% of proteus vulgaris an ... | 1988 | 3216482 |
| survival of coliforms and bacterial pathogens within protozoa during chlorination. | the susceptibility of coliform bacteria and bacterial pathogens to free chlorine residuals was determined before and after incubation with amoebae and ciliate protozoa. viability of bacteria was quantified to determine their resistance to free chlorine residuals when ingested by laboratory strains of acanthamoeba castellanii and tetrahymena pyriformis. cocultures of bacteria and protozoa were incubated to facilitate ingestion of the bacteria and then were chlorinated, neutralized, and sonicated ... | 1988 | 3223766 |
| an epizootic infection of citrobacter freundii in a guineapig colony: short communication. | an epizootic infection of citrobacter freundii in a guineapig colony is reported. from 1300 guineapigs maintained in a colony, a total of 115 guineapigs died. lesions found postmortem were suggestive of acute pneumonia and enteritis. citrobacter freundii was consistently isolated from necropsy specimens of lung, liver, spleen and intestines of the animals. the source of infection was not ascertained. | 1988 | 3230869 |
| antibacterial activities of cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone. | cefpodoxime, cefixime, and ceftriaxone inhibited branhamella catarrhalis at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, beta-hemolytic streptococci at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml, neisseria meningitidis at less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml, and haemophilus influenzae (other than beta-lactamase-negative, ampicillin-resistant isolates) at less than or equal to 0.12 microgram/ml. the mics for 50% of isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter ... | 1988 | 3245701 |
| clinical efficacy of carumonam. | carumonam is a new n-sulfo-beta-lactam antibiotic active against aerobic gram-negative bacteria. an open study was carried out to evaluate the efficacy, safety and tolerance of carumonam with either 1 g t.i.d. (group a) or 2 g t.i.d. (group b) in bacterial septicaemia or severe sepsis. a total of 24 patients (14 men and 10 women) were included in the study, their ages ranged from 48-87 years (mean age 59). eighteen patients were treated for bacteraemia, three for bronchopneumonia, two for urinar ... | 1988 | 3246211 |
| sequence and comparative analysis of three enterobacter cloacae ampc beta-lactamase genes and their products. | the sequences of three enterobacter cloacae ampc beta-lactamase genes have been determined. the deduced amino acid sequences are very similar: out of a total of 361 residues, only eight positions were found to be variable, and several mutations yielded residues with very similar properties. the kinetic properties of two of the enzymes were not significantly different. the three enzymes also exhibited a high degree of homology (greater than 70%) with the ampc beta-lactamases of escherichia coli k ... | 1988 | 3260487 |
| in vitro activity of an oral iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin, r-3746. | the in vitro activity of r-3746, an iminomethoxy aminothiazolyl cephalosporin with a ch2och3 moiety at position 3, was compared with those of other antibiotics. r-3746 inhibited the majority of hemolytic streptococci (groups a, b, c, f, and g) and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than 0.06 micrograms/ml, which was comparable to the activity of amoxicillin, 2- to 8-fold more active than cefixime, and 16- to 64-fold more active than cefaclor and cephalexin. ninety percent of beta-lactamase-produci ... | 1988 | 3260766 |
| activity of temocillin and other penicillins against beta-lactamase-inducible and -stably derepressed enterobacteria. | mics of temocillin, carbenicillin, ticarcillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin and ampicillin were determined for mutant series of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, morganella morganii and serratia marcescens with inducible, stably derepressed or basal expression of chromosomal class i beta-lactamases. ampicillin was inactive (mic greater than 256 mg/l) both against beta-lactamase-inducible organisms (except c. freundii) and their stably derepressed mutants, whereas basal ... | 1988 | 3263354 |
| amino acid sequence, active-site residue, and effect of suicide inhibitors on cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346. | the structural gene for a cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346 was sequenced. from the nucleotide sequence, the entire amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme with 361 amino acids and a molecular weight of 39,867 was determined. the active-site serine was directly confirmed to be serine 64 by studies in which the enzyme was labeled with dansylpenicillin. in investigations comparing the inhibitory effect of sulbactam (penicillanic acid sulfone) and cloxacillin sulfone on the cephalospo ... | 1988 | 3263684 |
| cephalosporinase interactions and antimicrobial activity of bmy-28142, ceftazidime and cefotaxime. | cephalosporinases of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii were responsible for resistance to newer cephalosporins such as cefotaxime and ceftazidime but not bmy-28142. interaction of these cephalosporins including hydrolysis, binding, inhibition, and inactivation with cephalosporinases from e. cloacae gn7471 and c. freundii gn7391 were studied. bmy-28142 was much more stable against the both enzymes than cephalothin, but more hydrolyzable than cefotaxime and ceftazidime at higher concen ... | 1988 | 3279015 |
| tigemonam, an oral monobactam. | tigemonam is an orally administered monobactam. at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml it inhibited the majority of strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., enterobacter aerogenes, citrobacter diversus, proteus spp., providencia spp., aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella spp., shigella spp., serratia marcescens, and yersinia enterocolitica. at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml it inhibited haemophilus spp., neisseria spp., and branhamella catarrhalis. it did not inhibit pseudomonas spp. ... | 1988 | 3279906 |
| infections after liver transplantation. an analysis of 101 consecutive cases. | we studied infections in 101 consecutive patients who underwent liver transplantation between july 1984 and september 1985. the mean length of follow-up was 394 days. eighty-three percent of population had 1 or more episodes of infection and 67% of the population had severe infections. the overall mortality was 26/101 (26%) and 23 of 26 deaths (88%) were associated with infection. seventy percent of severe infections occurred in the first 2 months after transplantation. the most frequent severe ... | 1988 | 3280944 |
| [etiology of corneal ulcers with special reference to bacterial genesis]. | the authors report on 134 patients (141 eyes) seen between may 1982 and december 1985 with corneal ulcers with or without hypopyon. eight patients (11 eyes) had a facial palsy, 7 (7 eyes) a varicella zoster infection, 1 (2 eyes) a marginal ulcer ("furrow keratitis") associated with collagenosis, 29 (29 eyes) an ulcerative keratitis with endophthalmitis, 1 (2 eyes) a pemphigoid-associated ulcer and 90 (92 eyes) a herpetic infection. pathogenic bacterial strains were isolated from 20 patients: 10 ... | 1987 | 3295371 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new monobactam, b0-1165. | b0-1165 is a 1-carboxy-1-cyclopropoxyamino,4-fluoromethyl monobactam. it inhibited the majority of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, aeromonas hydrophila, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, providencia rettgeri, providencia stuartii, yersinia enterocolitica, haemophilus influenzae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, and salmonella and shigella species at less than or equal to 0.125 microgram/ml. overall, its in vitro activity was similar to that of aztreona ... | 1987 | 3300528 |
| identification of two different hemolysin determinants in uropathogenic proteus isolates. | dna sequences similar to those of the escherichia coli hemolysin genes were detected among uropathogenic isolates of proteus vulgaris and morganella morganii by using the southern blotting technique and hly gene-specific dna probe. immunoblotting revealed that among the hemolytic p. vulgaris and m. morganii isolates there was expressed a polypeptide species similar in molecular size (110 kilodaltons) and antigenicity to escherichia coli hlya. a plasmid-mediated p. vulgaris hemolysin determinant ... | 1987 | 3305367 |
| cell turnover and colon tumor development. | the proliferative characteristics of the large bowel are determined genetically and can vary over a wide range, the lower range being resistant to chemically induced tumors and the upper range expressing susceptibility. basically, the colon has a relatively high level of cell renewal. it can be further elevated or depressed by a number of dietary and environmental conditions. a hyperproliferative state has been induced by the presence of carrageenan, citrobacter freundii, nonspecific injury, or ... | 1987 | 3306653 |
| in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cs-807, a new oral cephalosporin. | cs-807 is a new oral prodrug of r-3746, a cephalosporin derivative, with potent in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the susceptibility of about 1,200 clinical isolates to r-3746 was determined by the agar dilution method. ninety percent or more of pathogens such as staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, indole-positive and indole-negative proteus spp., providencia rettgeri, a ... | 1987 | 3310868 |
| [the antimicrobial activity of sisomicin against fresh clinical isolates]. | antimicrobial activities of sisomicin (siso) against clinical isolates obtained in the second half of 1986 were investigated together with other 4 aminoglycosides (ags) (gentamicin (gm), tobramycin (tob), dibekacin (dkb), amikacin (amk] and 2 cephems (cefotiam, cefotaxime), and were compared to the results reported in the period of late 1970's through early 1980's in japan. 1. the incidence of siso-resistant staphylococcus aureus in the present study was 18% and is comparable to that of the othe ... | 1987 | 3327965 |
| application of optical properties of the vi capsular polysaccharide for quantitation of the vi antigen in vaccines for typhoid fever. | the capsular polysaccharide of salmonella typhi and of citrobacter freundii (vi) is a linear homopolymer of alpha 1,4-linked n-acetylgalactosaminuronic acid, variably o-acetylated at the c-3 position. vaccines composed of vi confer protection against typhoid fever with an efficacy of about 70%; vi has recently been conjugated to proteins to increase its immunogenicity and effectiveness (i.l. acharya, r. tapa, v.l. gurubacharya, m.b. shrestha, c.u. lowe, d.d. bryla, r. schneerson, j.b. robbins, t ... | 1988 | 3366868 |
| [properties of tnt-degrading enzymes in intact cells of citrobacter freundii]. | | 1987 | 3439160 |
| [antimicrobial activity of sulbactam/cefoperazone. comparison with other new cephems]. | antimicrobial activities of sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) against 50 fresh clinical isolates of staphylococcus aureus, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., serratia marcescens, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris and pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared to those of cpz, cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx) and latamoxef (lmox). minimal inhibitory concentrations (mic's) of sbt and cpz mixed in a ratio of 1:1 were determined by the dilution method using ... | 1987 | 3444015 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1985). i. susceptibility distribution]. | the results of determinations of sensitivities of bacterial strains to various antibiotics are summarized as follows: 1. against escherichia coli, ofloxacin (oflx) showed the strongest activity among oral antibacterial and antibiotic agents. its mic90 was below 0.10 micrograms/ml. the next strongest activity was found in mecillinam (mpc), cefaclor (ccl) and pipemidic acid (ppa); mic90's of these agents 3.13 micrograms/ml. cefotiam (ctm), cefotaxime (ctx), ceftizoxime (czx), cefmenoxime (cmx) and ... | 1987 | 3448255 |
| antibiotics in the second half of the 1980s. areas of future development and the effect of new agents on aminoglycoside use. | articles in this supplement have examined in detail the role of aminoglycosides in the therapy of infections, addressing problems of resistance, toxicity, and efficacy. this article discusses other agents and their potential utility and effect on aminoglycosides. penem antibiotics, which have activity against only aerobic gram-negative bacteria, have recently been synthesized. these agents have proved effective in animal experiments; to date, however, results of human clinical trials are not ava ... | 1986 | 3460336 |
| evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin against nosocomial infections and multiresistant pathogens. | thirty-five patients suffering from soft tissue infections (12), upper utis (6), bronchopneumonia (6), septicaemia (2), chronic osteomyelitis (2), intra-abdominal abscess (2), liver abscess (1), lung abscess (1), acute cholangitis (1), thoracic empyema (1) and chronic prostatitis (1) were given imipenem/cilastatin for 6-21 days. in 22 patients several aggravating factors coexisted, while infection in 16 patients was polymicrobial. the following pathogens were implicated: pseudomonas aeruginosa ( ... | 1986 | 3469191 |
| emergence of ofloxacin-resistant citrobacter freundii and pseudomonas maltophilia after ofloxacin therapy. | | 1987 | 3478330 |
| inducible type i beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria and resistance to beta-lactam antibiotics. | mutants, showing either constitutive (depressed) or non-inducible expression of chromosomally-mediated type i beta-lactamase were obtained from clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, ent. aerogenes, citrobacter freundii, providencia stuartii, morganella morganii, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. the wild-type and mutant strains were compared for susceptibility to a range of beta-lactam antibiotics. derepression of beta-lactamase synthesis generally, but not always, resulted in ... | 1986 | 3485092 |
| antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of sk&f 88070 (7-[[2-amino-4-thiazolyl)(methoxyimino)acetyl]amino]-3-[[ [1-(2-sulfaminoethyl)-1h-tetrazol-5-yl]thio]methyl]-3- cephem-4-carboxylic acid) a new parenteral cephalosporin was investigated against 780 types of bacteria. sk&f 88070 inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, salmonella species, shigella species, morganella morganii, and citrobacter diversus at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml. i ... | 1986 | 3485506 |
| sequence of the citrobacter freundii os60 chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. | the citrobacter freundii os60 ampc beta-lactamase gene was sequenced and found to encode a 380-amino-acid-long precursor with a 19-residue signal peptide. the mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 39781 da. the first 60 residues of the purified enzyme, as determined by sequential edman degradation, are identical to the amino acid sequence inferred from the gene sequence. also, the amino acid composition determined for the purified beta-lactamase and that given by the gene sequence are ... | 1986 | 3486121 |
| the activity of bmy 28142 a new broad spectrum beta-lactamase stable cephalosporin. | the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142, an iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin containing a methyl pyrrolidinio c-3 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem and tobramycin against various bacteria. bmy 28142 was the most active agent tested against the enterobacteriaceae inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. the in-vitro activity of bmy 28142 was equal to or superior to cefotaxime against the highly susceptible members of the enterobacteriaceae and seve ... | 1986 | 3486862 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of two oral cephalosporins, ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074). | ceftetrame (ro 19-5247) and cefetamet (ro 15-8074), two new orally administered aminothiazolyl imimomethoxy cephalosporins, inhibited hemolytic streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at less than or equal to 0.5 micrograms/ml but were less active against staphylococci than were cephalexin and cefaclor. they did not inhibit s. faecalis, s. faecium, listeria monocytogenes, corynebacterium jk species, or pseudomonas aeruginosa. haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and neisseria gonor ... | 1986 | 3490827 |
| 7 alpha-formylamino substituent confers beta-lactamase-inactivating potency on 1-oxacephalosporins. | 7 alpha-formylamino-1-oxacephalosporins 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-[2- (methylaminocarbonyl)amino-2-(2-thienyl)acetamido]-3-[(1-methyl-1h -tetra zol-5-yl)thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f1) and 7 alpha-formylamino-7 beta-(2-[(4-ethyl-2,3-dioxopiperazine-1- yl)carbonylamino]-2-phenylacetamido)-3-[(1-methyl-1h-tetr azol-5-yl) thiomethyl]-1-oxa-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid (f2) were stable against penicillinases and, moreover, inactivated cephalosporinases of pseudomonas aeruginosa, cit ... | 1986 | 3490828 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of a new difluoro oxacephem, 6315-s. | 6315-s, a novel difluoromethyl thioacetamido oxacephem, had in vitro activity comparable to that of cefotaxime and moxalactam against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter diversus, salmonella spp., and shigella spp., inhibiting 90% at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml. it inhibited piperacillin- and cefoperazone-resistant isolates in these species. 6315-s did not inhibit cefotaxime- or moxalactam-resistant citrobacter freundii, enterob ... | 1986 | 3492172 |
| beta-lactamase stability of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. | cefpirome was highly stable to hydrolysis by various beta-lactamases, although it was hydrolyzed to some extent by r plasmid-mediated penicillinase of richmond-sykes type va/b and by chromosomal cephalosporinases from bacteroides species. the compound had a very low affinity for cephalosporinases from enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and proteus vulgaris. cefpirome showed strong antimicrobial activity against eight beta-lactamase (cephalosporinase)-producing strai ... | 1986 | 3492175 |
| disk diffusion susceptibility of branhamella catarrhalis and relationship of beta-lactam zone size to beta-lactamase production. | we tested 231 isolates of branhamella catarrhalis for beta-lactamase production and drug susceptibility by the national committee for clinical laboratory standards disk diffusion method. the nitrocephin disk (cefinase) identified beta-lactamase in 98% of the enzyme-producing strains, and a zone diameter of inhibition of less than or equal to 29 mm for penicillin correctly predicted the presence of beta-lactamase in 99% of the isolates. no resistance to erythromycin, tetracycline, trimethoprim-su ... | 1986 | 3492178 |
| delayed inactivation of citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase by 6 beta-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone. | when citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase was incubated with 6 beta-[3-(2-chlorophenyl)-5-methyl-4-isoxazolyl]penicillin sulfone (cloxacillin sulfone) in phosphate buffer, the enzyme was suddenly inactivated just after the completion of enzymatic degradation of the cloxacillin sulfone. such delayed inactivation was due to a secondary inhibitor formed from cloxacillin sulfone during the incubation period. the inactivation was delayed due to the protection of the enzyme by cloxacillin sulfone fro ... | 1986 | 3493233 |
| identification of the active site of citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase using dansyl-penicillin. | the active site sequence of a beta-lactamase encoded by chromosomal gene(s) in citrobacter freundii gn346 was determined using dansyl-penicillin as a fluorescent probe. the tryptic digest of the labelled enzyme gave a fluorescent peptide containing 22 amino acids. the sequence of this peptide was identical to the consensus sequence of class c beta-lactamases, gly-ser-x-ser-lys. the residue labelled was the serine adjacent to the glycine. the active site sequence corresponded to positions 46-67 o ... | 1987 | 3496243 |
| gram-negative septicemia in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis). | six species of bacteria (family enterobacteriaceae) not commonly reported as associated with disease in american alligators (alligator mississippiensis) were documented, suggesting that aeromonas is not the only bacterium responsible for septicemia in crocodilians. these included citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, proteus sp., morganella morganii, serratia marcescens, and klebsiella oxytoca. clinical signs of disease included intensive basking, anorexia, lethargy, flaccid limb paral ... | 1986 | 3503133 |
| mutation of escherichia coli capable of expressing gene(s) for beta-lactamase production of citrobacter freundii. | a mutation in a chromosomal gene of escherichia coli, designated reb, acted in trans to increase the expression of the cloned beta-lactamase gene of citrobacter freundii. the reb gene was located around 99 min. deletion mutants in the cloned gene(s) which had lost the regulatory region for induction were also constructed. | 1986 | 3518627 |
| improved immunological membrane filter method for detection of food-borne salmonella strains. | an improved membrane filter method that involves the use of an enzyme-labeled antibody stain has been developed for the rapid detection of salmonella species in foods. the procedure is carried out directly on a hydrophobic grid-membrane filter without requiring transfer by blotting to nitrocellulose. pure cultures of 54 salmonella species and 10 foods artificially contaminated with salmonella colindale gave a positive reaction in which salmonella colonies were visible as purple dots. of 11 nonsa ... | 1986 | 3524458 |
| ferric ammonium citrate decomposition--a taxonomic tool for gram-negative bacteria. | the iron uptake test of szabó and vandra has been modified and used for the differentiation of gram-negative bacteria. nutrient agar containing 20 g per litre of ferric ammonium citrate was distributed into narrow tubes and solidified so as to form butts and slants. considering the localization of the rusty-brown coloration produced after seeding and incubation, 2367 strains were classified into four groups. (1) unchanged medium: escherichia coli, shigella spp., yersinia spp., hafnia alvei and m ... | 1986 | 3529797 |
| magnesium-dependent plaque formation by bacteriophage p1cinc(-) on escherichia coli c and shigella sonnei. | phage p1c(-), in a state of the phage not infective to escherichia coli k12, was able to form plaques on a wild-type strain of e. coli c and on shigella sonnei in the presence of mg2+. citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and a salmonella typhimurium gale mutant were not lysed by, but were lysogenized with p1cinc(-), whereas klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus rettgeri, and s. typhimurium lt2 were not susceptible to either p1cinc(-) or p1cinc(+). the lipopolysaccharide structure of e. coli c ... | 1986 | 3535235 |
| prevalence of colonization with antibiotic resistant gram-negative bacilli in a nursing home care unit: the importance of cross-colonization as documented by plasmid analysis. | a prevalence study was carried out on a 100-bed veterans administration nursing home care unit to determine the extent of colonization with gentamicin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (grgnb). hand cultures of 12 employees and 17 environmental cultures were negative. twenty-six of 86 (30%) patients were colonized with 49 grgnb. sixteen patients (19%) had urinary colonization. multivariate analysis revealed significant associations between rectal or perineal colonization (p less than 0.01), and th ... | 1986 | 3536783 |
| production of escherichia coli sta-like heat-stable enterotoxin by citrobacter freundii isolated from humans. | citrobacter species are often present in the stools of children and are generally considered a normal component of the intestinal microflora. previous reports suggested that they might act as enteric pathogens. aiming at defining the role of citrobacter species in inducing diarrhea, we looked for their presence in the stools of 328 children with diarrhea and in 108 controls. citrobacter strains were isolated from 46 patients (14%) and 7 controls (6.5%) (p less than 0.05). all isolates were teste ... | 1987 | 3539984 |
| cloning of genes from members of the family enterobacteriaceae with mini-mu bacteriophage containing plasmid replicons. | an in vivo cloning system that uses derivatives of the escherichia coli bacteriophage mu with plasmid replicons has been extended to five different species of the family enterobacteriaceae. mu and these mini-mu replicon elements were introduced into strains of e. coli, shigella flexneri, salmonella typhimurium, citrobacter freundii, and proteus mirabilis by infection, by transformation, or by conjugation with newly constructed broad-host-range plasmids containing insertions of these elements. ly ... | 1987 | 3542967 |
| in vitro activity against aerobic and anaerobic gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and beta-lactamase stability of rs-533, a novel carbapenem. | rs-533 is a novel carbapenem antibiotic. its activity was compared with that of imipenem and the new cephalosporins, aztreonam, piperacillin, and tobramycin. rs-533 had activity comparable to that of imipenem, inhibiting the majority of the enterobacteriaceae, streptococci, staphylococci, and bacteroides species at concentrations of less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml. rs-533 inhibited enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens resistant to ceftazidime, aztreonam, and ... | 1986 | 3545068 |
| chromosomal beta-lactam resistance in enterobacteria. | most enterobacterial species carry a chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. in escherichia coli and shigella, expression from ampc is non-inducible and the beta-lactamase is synthesized at low levels. mutations leading to increased beta-lactamase synthesis occur rather infrequently, making resistance to modern cephalosporins a rare event in these species. in other enterobacteria and pseudomonas, ampc beta-lactamase synthesis is induced by beta-lactams. in enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundi ... | 1986 | 3547624 |
| in vitro activity of two new aryl-fluoroquinolone antimicrobial agents, difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620 compared to that of other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of difloxacin (a-56619) and a-56620, two new aryl-difluoroquinolones, was compared to that of other new quinolones and several parenteral and oral antimicrobial agents. a-56620 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 microgram/ml, staphylococcus aureus 0.25 micrograms/ml, hemolytic streptococci 2 micrograms/ml, pseudomonas aeruginosa 2 micrograms/ml, bacteroides sp. and clostridium at 8 micrograms/ml. a-56620 was equal or 2-fold more active than norfl ... | 1987 | 3549179 |
| evaluation of a commercial beta-glucuronidase test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli. | a commercial beta-glucuronidase (beta-gur) test for the rapid and economical identification of escherichia coli was evaluated. a total of 762 clinical strains and 228 environmental isolates were studied. more than 95% of the e. coli strains were found to be beta-gur positive. thirty-one clinical isolates of shigella sonnei, 10 of enterobacter cloacae, eight of enterobacter aerogenes, nine of citrobacter freundii and one of salmonella enteritidis also gave positive results. the enzyme beta-gur wa ... | 1986 | 3549665 |
| failure to detect hydrogen-sulphide production in lactose/sucrose-fermenting enterobacteriaceae, using triple sugar iron agar. | triple sugar iron agar failed to detect hydrogen sulphide in 44 out of 69 hydrogen-sulphide producing strains of enterobacteriaceae, which at the same time fermented lactose and/or sucrose. the species involved were salmonella typhi, salmonella enteritidis, citrobacter freundii, escherichia coli, and proteus vulgaris. by contrast, no false-negative reactions were observed in 74 strains, which fermented neither lactose nor sucrose. failure to detect hydrogen sulphide was probably due to acidifica ... | 1987 | 3551500 |
| inducing capacity of the combinations mecillinam-ampicillin and mecillinam-ceftazidime in comparison with the capacity of the compounds administered separately. | the inducing capacity of mecillinam in combination with ampicillin or ceftazidime was compared with that of the compounds administered separately and related to the inducing capacity of cefoxitin (1 and 10 micrograms/ml) for the chromosomal beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, indole-positive proteus, and acinetobacter strains. in the majority of the strains all compounds tested alone or in combination showed a lower inducing capacity than cefoxit ... | 1987 | 3552473 |
| oral ciprofloxacin in the treatment of elderly patients with complicated urinary tract infections due to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole-resistant bacteria. | the effectiveness and safety of ciprofloxacin, a new quinolone antibiotic, were prospectively evaluated in the treatment of patients with complicated urinary tract infections caused by gram-negative organisms resistant to trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole. twenty-five elderly (mean age, 70.4 years) patients (24 men and one woman) were enrolled. initial pathogens included pseudomonas aeruginosa (15 isolates), escherichia coli (five isolates), enterobacter aerogenes (one isolate), citrobacter freundii ... | 1987 | 3555051 |
| in-vitro activity of two new quinolone antimicrobial agents, s-25930 and s-25932 compared with that of other agents. | s-25930 and s-25932, two new 4-quinolones, were compared to ciprofloxacin, enoxacin, ofloxacin, norfloxacin, cefotaxime, gentamicin, trimethoprim, and ampicillin. s-25930 and s-25932 inhibited 90% of enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 1 mg/l, usually differing only two-fold. the mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa was 8 mg/l for s-25930 and 16 mg/l for s-25932, compared to mics of 1 to 8 for the other four quinolones. both drugs inhibited enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and citro ... | 1987 | 3571042 |
| comparative in vitro activity of carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080), a new monobactam, and ceftriaxone against aerobic or facultative gram-negative isolates. | carumonam (ro 17-2301/ama-1080) is a new monobactam antibiotic. a comparative in vitro evaluation with ceftriaxone was undertaken against 153 gram-negative clinical aerobic or facultative bacteria, both producers and nonproducers of beta-lactamase. results indicated that carumonam had an enhancement of activity for pseudomonas aeruginosa, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter freundii and enterobacter cloacae and parallelled that of ceftriaxone against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus ... | 1987 | 3595259 |
| in vitro susceptibility of citrobacter species to various antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activities of 16 antimicrobial agents against 14 clinical isolates of citrobacter diversus and 27 isolates of citrobacter freundii were studied. c. freundii isolates were more resistant, being susceptible only to amikacin, netilmicin, gentamicin, imipenem, ciprofloxacin, and enoxacin. c. diversus isolates were susceptible to many more of the agents tested. | 1987 | 3606084 |
| in vitro antimicrobial activity of cefpirome, a new cephalosporin with a broad antimicrobial spectrum. | the in vitro activity of cefpirome (hr 810), a new cephalosporin antibiotic having a 2,3-cyclopentenopyridine group in the 3-position side chain, was compared with in vitro activities of 5 other cephalosporins. hr 810 showed a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria when tested using 71 standard strains and 876 clinical isolates. hr 810 inhibited 70% of the clinically isolated staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis strains when used ... | 1987 | 3669290 |
| citrobacter freundii endocarditis in an intravenous drug abuser. | we have reported the third case of citrobacter endocarditis. echocardiograms were invaluable in establishing the diagnosis. ours is the first reported case of citrobacter endocarditis to be cured by antimicrobial therapy alone. | 1987 | 3686149 |
| in vitro activity of a new broad spectrum, beta-lactamase-stable oral cephalosporin, cefixime. | cefixime is a new orally absorbed iminomethoxy, aminothiazolyl cephalosporin. it inhibits the majority, 90%, of streptococcus pneumoniae, streptococcus pyogenes, branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus influenzae, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis and neisseria gonorrhoeae at concentrations less than or equal to 0.25 micrograms/ml. it inhibits 90% of the other members of the enterobacteriaceae at concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, with the exception of some strains of ... | 1987 | 3696836 |
| in vitro activity of ci-934, a new quinolone, compared with that of other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents. | the in vitro activity of ci-934, a new 4-quinolone, was determined against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the mics for 90% of the isolates tested were 0.25 microgram/ml for streptococcus pneumoniae, 0.5 microgram/ml for streptococcus faecalis, 0.25 microgram/ml for staphylococci, including methicillin-resistant strains, and less than or equal to 1.0 microgram/ml for escherichia coli, salmonella and shigella spp., klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and citrobacter spp. ci-934 had activity ... | 1986 | 3729343 |
| novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose agar: new medium for isolation of salmonellae. | a new medium, called novobiocin-brilliant green-glucose (nbg) agar, was developed for the isolation of salmonella spp. and evaluated against other conventionally used media including bismuth sulfite, xylose-lysine decarboxylase, brilliant green-sulfa, hektoen enteric, and salmonella-shigella agars. nbg had recovery rates comparable to the other enteric media tested with pure cultures as well as with naturally contaminated amphibian and reptile waters and fecal specimens. however, nbg, hektoen en ... | 1986 | 3767359 |
| ultrasonic irradiation of bacterial polysaccharides. characterization of the depolymerized products and some applications of the process. | ultrasonic irradiation (u.i.) has been used to depolymerize biopolymers including dna, dextran, and the vi capsular polysaccharide from citrobacter freundii. representative bacterial polysaccharides were subjected to u.i. and the effect of this energy upon their molecular weight and chemical structure was characterized. u.i. depolymerized a neutral polysaccharide (dextran) and acidic polysaccharides containing either a phosphoric diester linkage [haemophilus influenzae type b (hib) and pneumococ ... | 1986 | 3768916 |
| comparative "in vitro" activity of ciprofloxacin (bay o9867) and other antimicrobial agents against urinary bacterial isolates. | ciprofloxacin (bay o9867) is a new quinolone derivative. its activity against 537 urinary bacterial isolates was compared with those of ampicillin, amikacin, carbenicillin, cefazolin, cefotaxime, cefoxitin, ceftazidime, nalidixic and oxolinic acids, norfloxacin, trimethoprim, and other antimicrobial agents, when appropriate. it inhibited 90% of citrobacter freundii, enterobacter spp., e. coli, klebsiella spp., proteus spp., and serratia spp. at 0.78 microgram/ml. the majority of pseudomonas aeru ... | 1986 | 3769047 |
| occurrence and clinical significance of tyrosine clearing positive citrobacter freundii in human faecal specimens. | 59 tyrosine clearing positive citrobacter strains were isolated from a total of 2062 human faecal specimens, specifically from 1167 healthy people and from 895 patients suffering from different gastrointestinal syndromes. all strains were identified biochemically as citrobacter freundii. citrobacter diversus 100% positive for tyrosine clearing could not be isolated in any case. citrobacter freundii was found twice as frequently in stools of healthy human beings than of patients. there is a stati ... | 1986 | 3788353 |
| multiple drug-resistant citrobacter freundii infection mimicking typhoid fever. | | 1986 | 3791397 |
| [ability of citrobacter freundii strains isolated in acute intestinal infections to produce lt-enterotoxin]. | c. freundii enteropathogenic strains were found to be capable of producing choleroform thermolabile enterotoxin. thus, in the study of 96 c. freundii strains 38 enterotoxin-producing cultures (39.5%) were revealed by means of the molecular-biological techniques and 29 such cultures (30.0%), by means of the radioimmunoassay (ria). 100% coincidence was noted in the results of tests for enterotoxigenicity, made by means of ria or hybridization techniques with the use of the lt-probe containing a cl ... | 1986 | 3825350 |
| [clinical and experimental studies on the pathogenicity of clinical isolated citrobacter freundii]. | clinical and fundamental studies were performed using citrobacter freundii isolated from urine specimens of in- and out-patients between january 1980 and july 1981. the c. freundii (greater than 10(4)/ml) isolated from urine was closely related to chronic complicated urinary tract infection. mics of pyridonecarbonic acids (enx, oflx and nflx) and cmx against c. freundii were low. pyridonecarbonic acids (enx, oflx and nflx) and cmx showed good therapeutic effects against the experimental ascendin ... | 1985 | 3851621 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of bmy-28142, a new extended-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro activity of bmy-28142 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, moxalactam, and imipenem against 639 clinical isolates and a number of in vitro-selected resistant mutants. bmy-28142 was the most potent compound against the members of the family enterobacteriaceae with a mic for 90% of the strains of 0.12 micrograms/ml. the activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa was comparable to that of ceftazidime and imipenem. strains of staphylococci were moderately susceptible to bmy-2 ... | 1985 | 3859244 |
| in-vitro activity of ofloxacin, a quinolone carboxylic acid compared to other quinolones and other antimicrobial agents. | ofloxacin is a new quinolone carboxylic acid compound. its activity against 900 bacterial isolates was determined. it inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella sp., aeromonas hydrophila, salmonella spp., shigella spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., morganella morganii, proteus mirabilis, yersinia enterocolitica at less than or equal to 0.8 mg/l. branhamella catarrhalis, haemophilus sp., neisseria sp. were inhibited by less than or equal to 0.1 mg/l. pseudomonas aeruginosa and other ps ... | 1985 | 3865923 |
| conversion of cloxacillin into a progressive inhibitor of beta-lactamases by sulfonation and its activity against various types of these enzymes. | on the assumption of the theory that the sulfone of a penam derivative should effectively act as a suicide substrate against beta-lactamases to which the parent compound is a poor substrate, the action of cloxacillin sulfone on four different types of beta-lactamases was studied. as we expected, cloxacillin sulfone showed strong mechanism-based irreversible inactivation against type ib penicillinase and proteus vulgaris cephalosporinase whereas it showed no progressive inactivation against cloxa ... | 1985 | 3871761 |
| evidence for nonspecific induction of beta-lactamase in overproducing variants of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. | induction of chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases was studied in clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii. whereas isolates resistant to ampicillin and cefoxitin exhibited an inducible enzyme, those sensitive to both agents did not. cefoxitin and above all imipenem proved the most efficacious enzyme inducers. variants among these inducible isolates which produced large amounts of beta-lactamase could be selected in the presence of cefamandole. in each of these selecte ... | 1985 | 3872794 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of dn-9550, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | dn-9550 [(6r, 7r)-7-[(z)-2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(1h-imidazol-4-yl) methoxyiminoacetamido]-3-[(1-pyridinio)methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia -1-azabicyclo methyl]-8-oxo-5-thia-1-azabicyclo[4.2.0]oct-2-ene-2-carboxylate hydrochloride] is a new semisynthetic cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. the activity of dn-9550 against most species of the family enterobacteriaceae was roughly comparable to that of ceftazidime, slightly lower th ... | 1985 | 3873898 |
| covalent binding of moxalactam to cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii. | the inhibition of citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase activity by moxalactam is shown to be due to the formation of a transiently stable covalent complex, probably acyl enzyme. the covalent complex formed was identified by coelution of [14c] moxalactam with the enzyme by using sephadex g-25 gel filtration in the presence of 5.7 m guanidine hydrochloride and by analytical isoelectric focusing. both the side-chain carboxyl group and the 7 alpha-methoxy group of moxalactam were necessary to stabi ... | 1985 | 3874595 |
| the interaction of beta-lactam compounds with chromosomally mediated enzymes: relations to the molecular structure. | the interaction of 25 beta-lactam compounds with both chromosomally mediated beta-lactamases from enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was studied by enzyme kinetics. all the penams, cephems, and the penem sch 29482 revealed 'competitive inhibition' of both enzymes. the penem required a preincubation period of approximately 5 min before reaching a state of equilibrium between the active and the inactive enzyme. except for the recently developed compound hr 810, newer cephalosporins gene ... | 1985 | 3875455 |
| population analysis of susceptibility to cefotaxime and desacetyl-cefotaxime in staphylococcus and enterobacteriaceae. | population analyses of susceptibility to cefotaxime (ctx) and desacetyl-cefotaxime (dctx) of strains of staphylococcus and some genera of enterobacteriaceae were carried out. dctx, which is the main metabolite of ctx, has antimicrobial activity. the penicillinase-producing strains of s. aureus and s. epidermidis were homogeneous as regards susceptibility to both agents. ctx was about 4-8 times more active than dctx. the methicillin-resistant strains contained a sub-population of resistant bacter ... | 1985 | 3875967 |
| aztreonam in the treatment of serious orthopedic infections. | aztreozam was evaluated in the treatment of a variety of orthopedic infections. included were 17 patients with osteomyelitis, three with purulent arthropathy with prostheses, and 16 with superficial infections secondary to trauma or surgical procedure. pathogens were gram-negative bacilli sensitive to aztreonam. concomitant antibiotics were administered for gram-positive cocci that were present initially or by superinfection. infecting organisms included pseudomonas aeruginosa (minimal inhibitor ... | 1985 | 3881949 |
| application of in-vitro models: development of resistance. | the development of chromosomal beta-lactam resistance of escherichia coli, enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was observed by following the bacterial kill-kinetics in an in-vitro model simulating human serum antibiotic concentrations. from sensitive escherichia coli cells mutants arose resistant to aminopenicillins, and to first and second generation cephalosporins, whereas with the ent. cloacae and citro. freundii mutants were also resistant to cefotaxime. resistant mutants from all ... | 1985 | 3884569 |
| pathogenesis of escherichia coli cystitis and pyelonephritis: apparent lack of significance of bacterial motility and chemotaxis towards human urine. | all 45 microscopically motile urinary isolates tested here (37 escherichia coli, two enterobacter cloacae, two citrobacter freundii, three proteus mirabilis and one proteus morganii) were strongly attracted to fresh human urine in a capillary chemotaxis assay. this observation suggested that urine taxis of gram-negative bacteria promotes their invasion of the human lower urinary tract and their ascension to the kidney(s). however, the incidence of motile isolates and their activity in urine taxi ... | 1985 | 3886554 |
| inhibitory activity of cefpiramide on beta-lactamase. | the beta-lactamase stability and inhibitory activity of cefpiramide were investigated. cefpiramide was found to be stable to hydrolysis and inhibited beta-lactamase produced by citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, morganella morganii, and escherichia coli. kinetic studies showed that cefpiramide is a competitive inhibitor of cephaloridine hydrolysis by e. cloacae beta-lactamase. | 1985 | 3888544 |
| in vitro studies on the antibacterial activities of ym-13115, a new broad-spectrum cephalosporin. | the in vitro antibacterial activities of ym-13115, a new parenteral cephalosporin, were compared with those of ceftazidime, cefoperazone, and cefsulodin. the compound was highly active against the common members of the enterobacteriaceae and 2 to 256 times more active than cefoperazone. ym-13115 was as active as ceftazidime against citrobacter freundii, proteus vulgaris, and morganella morganii and two to four times more active than ceftazidime against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, en ... | 1985 | 3890729 |
| aztreonam in the therapy of nosocomial infections in patients with impaired host defenses. | a clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with aztreonam in hospital-acquired infections. twenty patients (13 men and 7 women) with impaired host defenses and nosocomial infections were treated with aztreonam at a dosage ranging 4 and 6 g/day i.v. at 8 or 12-hour intervals. average length of therapy was 10.35 +/- 4.61 days. the isolated organisms were as follows: escherichia coli (5), pseudomonas aeruginosa (5), klebsiella pneumoniae (3), enterobacter cloacae (1 ... | 1985 | 3891117 |
| rapid and automated detection of salmonella by electrical measurements. | a rapid method for determining the presence of salmonella in food is described. it consists of pre-enrichment in buffered peptone water modified by the addition of dulcitol and trimethylamine oxide, followed by selective enrichment in a selenite-cystine broth with similar modifications. changes in the conductance of the selective enrichment broth are monitored continuously using a suitable impediometric instrument. most of the salmonella spp. tested gave a fast (approximately 100 micros/h) and l ... | 1985 | 3891846 |
| sch 34343 activity against streptococci and beta-lactam-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | the in-vitro activity of sch 34343 was compared with that of cefotaxime, ceftazidime, latamoxef (moxalactam), aztreonam and ampicillin. against pneumococci, sch 34343 was as active as ampicillin, whereas against the other streptococci it was less active than ampicillin but significantly better than the other antibiotics against enterococci. with clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae resistant to cefotaxime, sch 34343 had mics generally less than 2 mg/l. after introduction of plasmid-mediated b ... | 1985 | 3897168 |
| sch 34343: in-vitro antibacterial activity and susceptibility to beta-lactamases. | the in-vitro activity of the penem sch 34343 was assessed in comparison with third-generation cephalosporins, aztreonam and imipenem. sch 34343 was active, with mics generally 2 mg/1 or less, against a broad spectrum of organisms amongst which were staphylococci (including methicillin-resistant strains), streptococci (though enterococci were less susceptible with sch 34343 mics mostly 4-8 mg/1), anaerobes (including the bacteroides fragilis group), haemophilus influenzae and neisseria gonorrhoea ... | 1985 | 3897169 |
| bacteremias due to citrobacter diversus and citrobacter freundii. incidence, risk factors, and clinical outcome. | from 1974 to 1982, 38 patients developed citrobacter bacteremia at two adult community-teaching hospitals in the detroit medical center (incidence, 1.2 cases per 10,000 discharges). citrobacter accounted for 0.7% of all bacteremias during the study period. of 31 cases reviewed, citrobacter bacteremia frequently developed in elderly patients (65%) and was hospital acquired (77%). initial sites of infection included the urinary tract (39%), gastrointestinal tract (27%), wound (10%), and unknown (1 ... | 1985 | 3899035 |
| [carbenicillin resistance of gram-negative bacteria: incidence, biochemical and genetic determinism]. | of nine hundred ampicillin resistant (amp-r) enterobacteria strains, isolated in hospital between july and december 1981, 73,7% are also carbenicillin-resistant (carb-r). this particular double resistance varies depending upon the species considered: indole positive proteus (23%), enterobacter cloacae (64%), citrobacter freundii (67%), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (73%), proteus mirabilis (75%), serratia marcescens (90%), escherichia coli (91%), providencia stuartii (96%) and klebsiella pneumonia ... | 1985 | 3903620 |
| cefamandole resistance transfer in bacterial strains from two newborn units. | transfer of cefamandole resistance was demonstrated from strains of citrobacter freundii as well as from individual strains of enterobacter cloacae, acinetobacter anitratus and klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from patients in two newborn units. in citrobacter freundii, cefamandole resistance was transferred always with cephalotin resistance as well as with a tem-like beta lactamase (conferring resistance to ampicillin, carbenicillin and azlocillin). citrobacter freundii strains from hospital i we ... | 1985 | 3910723 |
| rapid identification of escherichia coli from routine urine specimens based on macroscopic criteria. | in our laboratory, selected strains of gram-negative rods from urine samples are identified as escherichia coli on the basis of smell and morphology on lactose agar. to investigate the accuracy of this routine practice, 211 consecutive strains were tested in the urea-indole tube of the three-tube method (3-tm), in the pgua test detecting beta-glucuronidase activity and in the simmons' citrate test, to select the strains that were non-e. coli. additional 1022 strains were tested by the indole and ... | 1985 | 3914821 |
| [enzymatic synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine by free and immobilized citrobacter freundii cells]. | the citrobacter freundii 62 cells immobilized in paag and possessing the tyrosine-phenol-lyase (tpl) activity catalyse the synthesis of 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) from pyrocatechol and ammonium pyruvate. the synthesis of dopa was studied using both free and immobilized bacterial cells. when the concentration of pyrocatechol is over 0.1 m the tpl activity of the cells is inhibited. the concentration of pyrocatechol can be increased up to 0.3 m by using an equimolar mixture of pyrocatech ... | 1985 | 3921951 |
| isolation and characterization of a new endo-beta-galactosidase from diplococcus pneumoniae. | an endo-beta-galactosidase, which hydrolyzes the internal beta-galactosidic linkages of r----glcnac (or galnac) beta 1----3gal beta 1----4glcnac (or glc), was isolated from the culture supernatant of diplococcus pneumoniae. the enzyme, named endo-beta-galactosidase dii, hydrolyzed linear n-acetyllactosamine repeating structures in glycolipids and glycopeptides to release oligosaccharides. the specificity of endo-beta-galactosidase dii is the same as that of escherichia freundii endo-beta-galacto ... | 1985 | 3922410 |