| development of resistance during ceftazidime and cefepime therapy in a murine peritonitis model. | resistance emerging after ceftazidime or cefepime therapy was investigated in a peritonitis model. mice were given a peritoneal challenge (10(8) cfu plus talcum) and treated by either antibiotic (50 mg/kg/dose, which produced similar antibiotic concentrations in peritoneal fluid in both cases). after one or three doses, resistance never developed in serratia marcescens or citrobacter freundii infections. after enterobacter cloacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa challenge, ceftazidime selected more r ... | 1992 | 1624394 |
| [a case of alveolar hydatid disease of the lung in the kansai district of japan]. | a 78-year-old man was admitted to hospital because of episodes of high grade fever and multiple nodular shadows on chest roentgenogram. he had a past history of percutaneous drainage and partial resection of the left lobe of the liver for liver abscess of unknown origin in 1987. the high grade fever was secondary to sepsis due to citrobacter freundii. the sepsis improved with antibiotic therapy, but the abnormal shadows on chest roentgenogram did not improved. immunoserological tests indicated a ... | 1992 | 1630056 |
| in-vitro evaluation of ampicillin/brobactam and comparison with other beta-lactam antibiotics. | the ability of brobactam to inhibit beta-lactamases and the in vitro activity of ampicillin combined with brobactam was compared with another beta-lactamase inhibitor, clavulanic acid, and other beta-lactam antibiotics. both inhibitors showed good and similar activity against staphylococcal penicillinase and most broad-spectrum beta-lactamases found in the enterobacteriaceae, whether plasmid or chromosomally mediated. both inhibitors were less active against chromosomally mediated cephalosporina ... | 1991 | 1646779 |
| a large nontypical outbreak of norwalk virus. gastroenteritis associated with exposing celery to nonpotable water and with citrobacter freundii. | the us air force academy experienced a point-source outbreak of gastroenteritis originally believed to be caused by salmonella. the overall attack rate was 48% among approximately 3000 cadets and staff. food-specific attack rates implicated chicken salad. the odds ratio for chicken salad consumption in ill cadets was 10.7 (95% confidence interval: 8.2; 13.8). the celery component had been exposed to nonpotable water. citrobacter freundii were statistically associated with consumption of the susp ... | 1991 | 1660704 |
| molecular cloning of the viab region of salmonella typhi. | the viab region required for vi antigen production in salmonella typhi was cloned. the plasmid pgbm124 containing a 14-kb s. typhi chromosomal dna fragment conferred the ability to produce vi antigen on escherichia coli hb101 and viab-deleted s. typhi gifu10007-3. tn5 insertion analysis showed that the 14-kb dna was split into three regions. region 1 and region 2 are involved in the biosynthesis of vi polysaccharide. region 3 is involved in translocation of the vi polysaccharide to the cell surf ... | 1991 | 1664401 |
| [obtaining, by means of a strain of citrobacter freundii, a serum specific agglutinant for salmonella of the subspecies i of group b, without the necessity for absorption]. | a strain of citrobacter freundii possessing the factors o:4,27 of salmonella, without factor o:12, may be used for preparation of a diagnostic serum for identification of strains of salmonella sub-species i belonging to o-group b, without absorption. | 1990 | 1701084 |
| microbiological evaluation of cefpodoxime proxetil. | cefpodoxime, the active de-esterified molecule of the orally absorbable cephalosporin cefpodoxime proxetil, inhibits streptococci, neisseria spp., and most enterobacteriaceae, with mic50 and/or mic90 values of less than or equal to 2 mg/l; with regard to the latter family of bacteria, the mic50 and/or mic90 values of cefpodoxime are consistently greater than or equal to 4 mg/l for only enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and morganella morganii. the mic50 of cedpodox ... | 1991 | 1726210 |
| the current and future impact of antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial bacterial pathogens. | the selection of drug-resistant microorganisms has generally been associated with the widespread use of antimicrobial agents. the emergence of these antimicrobial resistance has an undesirable impact that often severely limits the use of these drugs that could have otherwise been identified as "drugs of first choice." among the most serious drug-resistance problems, the chromosomally mediated type -i beta-lactamase mechanism has become more common among the infecting gram-negative bacteria. type ... | 1992 | 1737440 |
| in vitro activity of ro 09-1428 compared to other cephalosporins. | the in vitro activity of ro 09-1428, a new catechol-type parenteral cephalosporin, was compared to that of ceftazidime, e-1040, cefpirome and cefepime against gram-positive and gram-negative organisms. ro 09-1428 inhibited group a streptococci at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml, and group b, c and g streptococci and streptococcus pneumoniae at 0.5 micrograms/ml, whereas for staphylococcus aureus ro 09-1428 had mics of 8-16 micrograms/ml similar to ceftazidime and e-1040. against pseudom ... | 1991 | 1748124 |
| in vitro activity of cefcanel versus other oral cephalosporins. | cefcanel is a new orally absorbed cephalosporin. its activity was compared with that of cefuroxime, cefaclor, cephalexin, and cefixime against gram-positive and negative aerobic and anaerobic bacteria. cefcanel had excellent activity against methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis, mic90 1 micrograms/ml, superior to the other oral cephalosporins. however, methicillin-resistant staphylococci were resistant, mic greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml. strept ... | 1991 | 1748125 |
| in vitro activity of the novel cephalosporin gr69153. | the in vitro activity of gr69153 was compared to that of ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, imipenem and gentamicin against a total of 702 recent clinical isolates. mics were determined by a standard agar dilution procedure and two inocula (10(4) and 10(8) cfu) were used throughout. gr69153 inhibited 90% of isolates of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumonia and proteus mirabilis at less than or equal to 0.25 mg/l and 90% of isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa at less than or equal to 1 mg/l. citrobacter f ... | 1991 | 1748126 |
| temporal and topological clustering of diverged residues among enterobacterial dihydrofolate reductases. | the complete nucleotide and encoded amino acid sequences were determined for the dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr) from the bacteria enterobacter aerogenes and citrobacter freundii. these were compared with the closely related escherichia coli dhfr sequence. the ancestral dhfr sequence common to these three species was reconstructed. since that ancestor there have been seven, nine, and one amino acid replacements in e. coli, e. aerogenes, and c. freundii, respectively. in e. coli, five of its seven ... | 1991 | 1766362 |
| a new plate medium for rapid presumptive identification and differentiation of enterobacteriaceae. | a new selective differential agar medium for rapid presumptive identification of enterobacteriaceae from water and food samples is described (emx id agar). by a combination of fluorogenic and chromogenic substrates, the medium detects the presence of beta-d-glucuronidase, beta-d-galactosidase, beta-d-xylosidase, tryptophane deaminase and h2s; additionally, cytochrome-oxidase and indole production can be demonstrated. this medium provides an inexpensive means for simple and rapid presumptive iden ... | 1991 | 1777382 |
| beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein changes in cefpirome-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) and five strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed to various concentrations of cefpirome or ceftazidime in agar. mutants with a greater than four-fold increase in the mic were examined for changes in beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. both agents selected mutants with decreased susceptibility ... | 1991 | 1778852 |
| selection and characterization of cefepime-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | the nctc type strains and four clinical isolates of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, providencia stuartii and pseudomonas aeruginosa were exposed, in agar, to cefepime at 3, 5, and 10 x mic and a breakpoint concentration of 16 mg/l. mutants were selected at a frequency of approximately 10(-8) that had decreased susceptibility to cefepime and cefpirome, and species-dependent resistance to other beta-lactams. any putative mutant with a greater t ... | 1991 | 1778870 |
| [quantitation of acinetobacter calcoaceticus in mixed bacterial cultures by an enzyme immunoassay]. | an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using polyclonal antibodies from rabbits has been developed for quantification of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. bacteria were added to the wells of a microtiter plate coated with anti-acinetobacter immunoglobulin. for detecting bound cells the peroxidase-labelled immunoglobulin fraction was used. over a distinct range there is a linear correlation between bound bacteria and measured absorbance allowing a quantification of bacteria in an order from 10(7) to 10( ... | 1991 | 1793089 |
| in vitro activity of a new cephalosporin me-1206 compared with other agents. | the in vitro activity of me-1206, a new aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that can be orally absorbed when converted to an ester, was compared with that of other beta-lactams. me-1206 inhibited 50% of the enterobacteriaceae at 2 micrograms/ml, similar to cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and cefixime. it did not inhibit, mic greater than or equal to 32 micrograms/ml, enterobacter species or citrobacter freundii resistant to cefotaxime and ceftazidime, and it was less active than cefotaxime and ceftazidime aga ... | 1991 | 1797456 |
| in vitro activity evaluations of cefdinir (fk482, ci-983, and pd134393). a novel orally administered cephalosporin. | cefdinir, a so-called third-generation oral cephalosporin was tested in vitro against over 700 pathogens from patients with bacteremia. cefdinir was very active against the enterobacteriaceae with a 50% minimum inhibitory concentration (mic50) value range of less than or equal to 0.03-8 micrograms/ml. the enteric species having the highest mic90s (greater than or equal to 16 micrograms/ml) were citrobacter freundii, and the enterobacters, morganella morganii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marce ... | 1991 | 1797457 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents, 1989. a study mainly focused on imipenem. the research group for testing imipenem susceptibilities of clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1989. the susceptibility testing was carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: (+++), (++), (+) and (-). ipm showed markedly high in vitro activities against streptococcus pneumoniae, neisseria gonorrhoeae, moraxella catarrhalis, es ... | 1991 | 1798067 |
| antibacterial activity of cefpodoxime in comparison with cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet, ceftibuten, loracarbef, cefprozil, bay 3522, cefuroxime, cefaclor and cefadroxil. | the new oral cephalosporins cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten demonstrate enhanced activity against enterobacteriaceae susceptible to the established compounds as well (e.g. cefuroxime, cefaclor, cefadroxil). in addition, cefpodoxime, cefixime, cefdinir, cefetamet and ceftibuten include in their spectrum species hitherto resistant to oral cephalosporins (proteus vulgaris, providencia spp., yersinia enterocolitica). besides, the majority of these compounds demonstrate rele ... | 1991 | 1800377 |
| in vitro activity of cefpodoxime and ten other cephalosporins against gram-positive cocci, enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa, including beta-lactamase producers. | cefpodoxime, the deesterified part of the orally available cefpodoxime proxetil, is active against most enterobacteriaceae with mic50 of 0.06 to 2 mg/l. only enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii strains show mic50 of 4 mg/l. coagulase negative staphylococci have a mic50 of 2, while staphylococcus aureus strains have a mic of 4 mg/l. in comparison to other orally available cephalosporins cefpodoxime is slightly less active than cefixime and cefotiam against gram-negative bacteria but mor ... | 1991 | 1800378 |
| induction of a class i beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii in escherichia coli requires active ftsz but not ftsa or ftsq products. | a possible connection between septation/division and induction of cloned ampc beta-lactamase was investigated. when a ftsz84(ts) mutant of escherichia coli carrying ampr-ampc from citrobacter freundii was grown at the restrictive temperature (42 degrees c), induction of beta-lactamase by cefoxitin was inhibited by about 80%. inhibition was virtually complete when a ftsz84(ts) mutant of different genetic background was tested. although somewhat delayed, the induction of beta-lactamase in transfor ... | 1991 | 1804009 |
| in vitro and in vivo activity of carbamate-linked dual-action antibacterial ro 24-4383. | ro 24-4383 contains desacetylcefotaxime linked by a carbamate bond at the 3' position to ciprofloxacin. ro 24-4383 was active against 99% of the 363 gram-positive and gram-negative aerobes tested in vitro, while the comparative agents cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin were active against 77 and 97%, respectively. the activities (ed50: mg/kg s.c.) of ro 24-4383, cefotaxime and ciprofloxacin in systemic murine infections were: escherichia coli 257, 1.4, less than 0.5, less than 0.2; klebsiella pneumoni ... | 1991 | 1804592 |
| neonatal meningitis and bilateral cerebellar abscesses due to citrobacter freundii. | we report bilateral cerebellar abscesses in a neonate with citrobacter freundii meningitis. the mortality and morbidity of citrobacter abscess is high. rapidly developing drug resistance may play a role as illustrated by our case. | 1991 | 1811708 |
| bacteriology of community acquired urinary tract infection. analysis of 1048 cases. | urine samples from 1048 cases clinically suspected to have urinary tract infection were examined for bacteriological culture and antibiotic sensitivity. of 1048 cultures, 530 (50.5%) were sterile, 163 (15.5%) showed the presence of nonpathogenic bacteria and 11 (1%) revealed nonsignificant bacteriuria with escherichia coli. significant bacteriuria (more than 10(5)/ml) was found in the remaining 344 (32.8%) cases. escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen isolated from 170 (16.2%) samples; kl ... | 1991 | 1814873 |
| increased udp-glcnac:gal beta 1-3galnac-r (glcnac to galnac) beta-1, 6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase activity in metastatic murine tumor cell lines. control of polylactosamine synthesis. | malignant transformation of rodent cell lines by polyoma virus and by activated ras genes is associated with increased udp-glcnac:man alpha-r beta-1,6-n-acetylglucosaminyltransferase v (glcnac-transferase v) activity and it product -glcnac beta 1-6man alpha 1-6man beta 1-branched asn-linked oligosaccharides. in this report, we have compared beta 1-6glcnac branching of core o- and n-linked oligosaccharides in three experimental models of malignancy, namely (a) rat2 fibroblasts and their malignant ... | 1991 | 1824844 |
| natural transfer of conjugative transposon tn916 between gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | the conjugative streptococcal transposon tn916 was found to transfer naturally between a variety of gram-positive and gram-negative eubacteria. enterococcus faecalis hosting the transposon could serve as a donor for alcaligenes eutrophus, citrobacter freundii, and escherichia coli at frequencies of 10(-6) to 10(-8). no transfer was observed with several phototrophic species. mating of an e. coli strain carrying tn916 yielded transconjugants with bacillus subtilis, clostridium acetobutylicum, ent ... | 1991 | 1846142 |
| in vitro evaluation of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin. | gr69153 is a c-7 catechol cephalosporin with a broad spectrum of activity against members of the family enterobacteriaceae (mics for 50% of strains tested [mic50s], 0.008 to 0.5 micrograms/ml), staphylococcus aureus (mic50, 4 micrograms/ml), pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic50, 0.25 micrograms/ml), haemophilus influenzae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), neisseria gonorrhoeae (mic50, 0.03 micrograms/ml), and acinetobacter spp. (mic50, 2 micrograms/ml). potent gr69153 activity was also demonstrated against ... | 1991 | 1854174 |
| modulation of the intestinal flora of mice by parenteral treatment with broad-spectrum cephalosporins. | a study was performed to determine the effect of parenteral treatment with four broad-spectrum cephalosporins (cefoperazone, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, and cefepime) on the number of aerobic gram-negative rods and on the outgrowth of candida albicans and a multiresistant strain of citrobacter freundii in the feces of mice. the estimated fractions of a parenteral dose that were excreted into the gastrointestinal tract were 0.37 for cefoperazone, 0.11 for ceftriaxone, 0.03 for ceftazidime, and 0.00 ... | 1991 | 1854180 |
| concomitant dissemination of three extended-spectrum beta-lactamases among different enterobacteriaceae isolated in a french hospital. | from january 1988 to august 1989, 267 non-repetitive strains of enterobacteriaceae producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbla) derived from tem (ctx-1/tem-3, caz-6) or shv (caz-5) were isolated from 219 colonized or infected patients. esblas were characterized by analytical isoelectric focusing. biotypes, resistance phenotypes and plasmid patterns were determined in order to differentiate the isolates in each species. among the 116 ctx-1-producing enterobacteriaceae, 48 strains were diff ... | 1991 | 1856124 |
| in vitro activity of an oxycephem ocp 9-176 compared with its sulfur analog and other beta-lactams. | ocp 9-176 is an oxycephem antibiotic that contains a 2-aminothiazolyl, carboxypropyl side chain at c-7 and a pyridinium thiomethyl group at c-3. ocp 9-176 was generally twofold less active than its sulfur-containing analog me 1228 against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, providencia stuartii, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens. activity against enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii was equivalent. ocp 9-176 was twofold less active than me-1228 against p ... | 1991 | 1873972 |
| antimicrobial contact activity of econazole sulfosalicylate. | the aim of this investigation was to compare the contact action of econazole sulfosalicylate (e-ssa) on mycetes (candida albicans, cryptococcus neoformans, aspergillus fumigatus, trichophyton rubrum, t. cutaneum, pityrosporum sp.), gram-positive bacteria (staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus faecalis) and gram-negative bacteria (escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii) with that exerted by econazole nitrate (e-nit). the results show e-ssa activity greater than e-nit (in particular against mycetes ... | 1991 | 1875229 |
| [combined antibacterial activity of aztreonam and clindamycin against clinically isolated strains]. | it has been reported in some studies that the combination of aztreonam (azt) and clindamycin (cldm) have high clinical effectiveness in the treatment of intractable infections. we, therefore, studied combined in vitro antibacterial activity of these 2 compounds using many freshly isolated strains. 1. azt and cldm in combination had synergistic effects on staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, streptococcus pneumoniae, and haemophilus influenzae, which are sensitive or quasi-sensitive ... | 1991 | 1880932 |
| bactericidal effect of 15-deoxyspergualin on staphylococcus aureus. | 15-deoxyspergualin (dsg), an immunosuppressive agent used in organ transplantation, exerts metabolic and antiproliferative effects on methicillin- and gentamicin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and other bacteria (e.g. sarcina lutea, bacillus subtilis, shigella sonnei, salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii). dsg, at the concentration of 20 mg/l, depleted intracellular putrescine and spermidine in s. aureus to 43 and 40% of the controls, respectively. in these polyamine-depleted s. aureus cel ... | 1991 | 1889307 |
| in vitro and in vivo evaluation of ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin with high antipseudomonal activity. | ro 09-1428, a new parenteral cephalosporin with a catechol moiety attached at position 7 of the cephalosporin ring, showed high in vitro activity against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, and streptococcus pyogenes, with mics for 90% of strains tested (mic90s) of less than or equal to 0.39 micrograms/ml. morganella morganii, providencia rettgeri, citrobacter freundii, haemophilus influenzae, staphylococcus aureus, and streptococcus pneumoniae were inhi ... | 1991 | 1906261 |
| formaldehyde-resistance in enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa: identification of resistance genes by dna-hybridization. | a 4.1. kb large dna fragment of a e. coli plasmid pvu 3695, on which the genes for formaldehyde-resistance are located, was used as a dna probe to identify bacteria that carry this segment among formaldehyde-resistant bacteria. it was shown by southern blot-, dot blot-, and colony blot- hybridization studies that the dna of all formaldehyde-resistant e. coli, serratia marcescens, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae strains tested hybridize with the dna probe from ... | 1991 | 1909132 |
| [clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin sodium in the internal medicine]. | fifty-two patients with moderate or severe infections associated with internal medicine were treated with imipenem/cilastatin sodium (ipm/cs) and the efficacy and the safety of this drug were evaluated. there were 20 patients with pneumonia, 10 with acute exacerbation of chronic respiratory tract infections, 9 with sepsis, 2 with pyothorax, 3 with intraabdominal infection, 2 with urinary tract infection, 1 with pulmonary abscess, 1 with infective endocarditis, 4 with fever of unknown origin. for ... | 1991 | 1920813 |
| influence of beta-lactamase inhibitors on the potency of their companion drug with organisms possessing class i enzymes. | the ability of beta-lactamase inhibitors to induce class i beta-lactamases in certain organisms in vitro suggests a potential for antagonism in vivo. therefore, a study was designed to assess the ability of sulbactam and clavulanate to induce beta-lactamases in two strains each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, and pseudomonas aeruginosa both in vitro and in vivo. induction in vitro was observed only with s. marcescens and p. aeruginosa and generally only when i ... | 1991 | 1929291 |
| in vitro comparison of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, with ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against 5,203 recent clinical isolates. | the activity of gr69153, a novel catechol-substituted cephalosporin, was compared with those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone in a multicenter study against 5,203 fresh clinical isolates of gram-negative and gram-positive bacteria. gr69153 was generally very active at concentrations equivalent to or two- to fourfold lower than those of ceftazidime and ceftriaxone against gram-negative bacilli other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, and xanthomonas maltophilia. against pseudomonas ae ... | 1991 | 1929319 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity of me1207, a new oral cephalosporin. | me1207 is the prodrug of me1206. its in vitro antibacterial activity was compared with that of cefteram, cefpodoxime, cefixime, and cefaclor against various clinical isolates. me1206 was more active than the other cephems tested against staphylococci, streptococci, morganella morganii, pseudomonas cepacia, and flavobacterium meningosepticum and had the most potent activity against haemophilus influenzae and neiserria gonorrhoeae. the drug also showed a wide spectrum of activity against other gra ... | 1991 | 1929344 |
| purification and mutant analysis of citrobacter freundii ampr, the regulator for chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase. | ampr, the transcriptional regulator for the citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase gene, was purified. the purified ampr had dna-binding activity, the same molecular mass (32 kda) on sodium dodecyl sulphate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis as previously described, and n-terminal sequencing of the first 15 amino acids was in agreement with that predicted from the nucleotide sequence. two mutants were isolated that abolish dna-binding and beta-lactamase induction and which map in the amino- an ... | 1991 | 1943705 |
| characterization of fce 22101-resistant enterobacteriaceae and the effect of fce 22101 upon the activity of anti-pseudomonal beta-lactams for pseudomonas aeruginosa. | twenty-five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii, and providencia stuartii) were exposed to fce 22101 in agar containing 3, 5, or 10 x the mic. any putative mutant with a greater than or equal to four-fold increase in the mic was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein (omp) profile. mutant colonies were selected at a frequency of 10(-7)-10(-11) with decreased susceptibility to f ... | 1991 | 1960118 |
| [antibiotic sensitivity of bacteria isolated from patients at 6 hospitals in osaka]. | we examined mics of 6 oral new quinolones and 4 oral cephems against bacteria isolated from patients at 6 hospitals in osaka during the period from january to june in 1990, and the following results were obtained. 1. all species excluding streptococcus pyogenes were more sensitive with less frequencies of resistance to new quinolones than to cephems. in new quinolones, tosufloxacin (tflx) was the most active against gram-positive cocci and ciprofloxacin (cpfx) and tflx had the highest activities ... | 1991 | 1960855 |
| the influence of clinical use of antibiotics and the sensitivity of strains isolated from postoperative infections--a comparison of nosocomial pathogens with strains isolated from the bacterial flora of patients. | in the present study, we investigated how the recent clinical use of antibiotics have altered the antibiotic susceptibility of strains isolated from postoperative infections, especially gram-negative rods. for pseudomonas aeruginosa, serogroup e strains accounted for about 20 per cent of postoperative infections, but were unable to be isolated from either the feces of patients on admission or from the appendix contents of patients with appendicitis. it therefore appeared that serogroup e strains ... | 1991 | 1960895 |
| role of lysine-67 in the active site of class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn346. | citrobacter freundii gn346 produces a class c beta-lactamase exhibiting the substrate profile of a typical cephalosporinase. the structural and promoter regions of the cephalosporinase gene, comprising 1408 nucleotides, were completely sequenced. the amino acid sequence of the mature enzyme, comprising 361 amino acids, and its molecular mass, 39,878 da, were determined. the active site was confirmed to be ser-64. the amino acid sequence of the enzyme differs from that of the cephalosporinase of ... | 1990 | 1969344 |
| substitution of aspartic acid-217 of citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase and properties of the mutant enzymes. | on the assumption that asp-217 of a citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase forms a salt-bridge with the conserved lys-67, asp-217 was changed to glutamic acid, threonine or lysine. the mutant enzymes retained about the same level of activity as that of the wild-type enzyme, and the participation of asp-217 in the salt-bridge was ruled out. however, the mutations resulted in an increase in hydrolytic activity toward oxyimino-cephalosporins such as cefuroxime, cefmenoxime and ceftazidime, suggestin ... | 1990 | 1972682 |
| serological cross-reaction between legionella pneumophila and citrobacter freundii in indirect immunofluorescence and rapid microagglutination tests. | we describe the first case in which a diagnostic rise in titers of antibody to formalinized legionella pneumophila serogroup 1 yolk sac antigen was shown to be caused by a cross-reaction between l. pneumophila and another organism, citrobacter freundii. | 1991 | 1993758 |
| successful treatment of neonatal citrobacter freundii meningitis with ceftriaxone. | citrobacter meningitis is an uncommon enteric gram-negative infection that afflicts neonates and young children. approximately 30 percent of children treated or untreated die from the infection. we report a case of c. freundii meningitis that was resistant to ampicillin and was successfully treated with ceftriaxone, a third-generation cephalosporin. a 13-day-old, full-term baby was admitted to the hospital with a one-day history of fever up to 38.8 degrees c. on admission the infant had a temper ... | 1991 | 2008783 |
| antimicrobial effects of the combination of ceftibuten and an orally absorbed penem sch 29482. | ceftibuten is a new beta-lactamase-stable 3-aminothiazolyl cephalosporin that lacks activity against staphylococci and group-b streptococci. we determined the effect of the combination of ceftibuten with sch 29482, an orally absorbed penem. the combination of the two agents was additive for 25% or indifferent for 57% of the gram-positive species, haemophilus, and moraxella tested with a mean fractional inhibitory concentration (fic) index of 0.75. the combination of ceftibuten and sch 29482 was ... | 1991 | 2013213 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of gr69153, a new long-acting cephalosporin. | gr69153, a new parenteral cephalosporin, inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella oxytoca, proteus mirabilis, citrobacter diversus, shigellae, and salmonellae at less than 0.25 micrograms/ml (mic90). it had activity comparable to those of ceftazidime, cefpirome, cefepime, and e-1040. against cephalosporinase-producing enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens, mics ranged from 0.12 to greater than 32 micrograms/ml, and cefpirome and cefepime were the most active ag ... | 1991 | 2024959 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo antimicrobial activities of a novel cephalosporin derivative, cp6162, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety at the c-3 side chain. | the antibacterial activity of a novel cephalosporin derivative, cp6162, possessing a dihydroxypyridone moiety at the c-3 side chain, was evaluated in vitro and in vivo, with ceftazidime, aztreonam and cefoperazone as the reference antibiotics. cp6162 showed weak or little activity against gram-positive bacteria, but potent activity against clinical isolates of the gram-negative species including strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa, ps. cepacia, acinetobacter sp., xanthomonas maltophilia, serratia ... | 1991 | 2050596 |
| the in-vitro activity of cefodizime: a review. | for enterobacteriaceae, mic50s and mic90s of cefodizime (mg/l), respectively, were as follows, for naturally non-beta-lactamase-producing species: escherichia coli 0.12 and 0.5, salmonella spp. and shigella spp. 0.25 and 0.5, proteus mirabilis 0.016 and 0.03; for chromosomal penicillinase-producing species. klebsiella spp. 0.25 and 64, and for chromosomal cephalosporinase-producing species. enterobacter cloacae 1 and 64, citrobacter freundii 1 and 128, serratia marcescens 2 and 8: indole-positiv ... | 1990 | 2074248 |
| [reactions of different enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae species in brila-mug (fluorocult) bouillion]. | in order to test the usefulness of brila-mug (= fluorocult) medium (merck) for isolation and identification of total coliforms and faecal coliforms in surface water according to the ec guidelines for bathing waters a total of 969 strains of different enterobacteriaceae and vibrionaceae species was examined under different culture conditions. these included 486 e. coli (reference strains of o-groups 1-170, enterotoxin and verotoxin-producing strains), 149 salmonella (subspecies i-vi), 92 yersinia ... | 1990 | 2080970 |
| a comparison of the mechanisms of decreased susceptibility of aztreonam-resistant and ceftazidime-resistant enterobacteriaceae. | twenty five strains of enterobacteriaceae (five each of enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii and providencia stuartii) were exposed to aztreonam and ceftazidime at 1/2 and 1 x mic in liquid medium for 22 h, and also to 3, 5 and 10 x mic and 16 mg/l of each agent in agar. any putative mutant with an increase in the mic of greater than or equal to 4 fold was examined for beta-lactamase expression and outer membrane protein profile. mutants were selec ... | 1990 | 2081717 |
| antimicrobial activity and beta-lactamase stability of bmy-28232, parent compound of an oral cephalosporin. | bmy-28232, an aminothiazolyl imino methoxy cephalosporin which is available as an orally absorbed acetoxyethyl ester, inhibited strains of methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus, hemolytic streptococci, streptococcus pneumoniae, escherichia coli, klebsiella species, and many strains of proteus and providencia stuartii at concentrations less than 1 microgram/ml, including isolates resistant to cephalexin and cefaclor. it had activity similar to that of cefixime, but was more active against ... | 1990 | 2086221 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | we investigated susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antimicrobial agents at 459 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were performed at each hospital laboratory and the tests were carried out according to the 1-dilution or 3-dilution disc technique in which susceptibilities are classified into 4 grades: , ++, + and -. ipm had significantly high activity against st ... | 1990 | 2086814 |
| induction of the citrobacter freundii group i beta-lactamase in escherichia coli is not dependent on entry of beta-lactam into the cytoplasm. | induction of the cloned ampc citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase in escherichia coli by 6-aminopenicillanic acid was prevented by periplasmic tem beta-lactamase in the same cell. in contrast, cytoplasmic tem beta-lactamase did not prevent induction. this result implies that entry of the beta-lactam into the cytoplasm is not necessary for induction of ampc. | 1990 | 2088200 |
| palindromic unit highly repetitive dna sequences exhibit species specificity within enterobacteriaceae. | palindromic units (pu, or rep for repetitive extragenic palindrome) constitute a family of dna sequences of 40 nucleotides which is highly repeated in the genome of escherichia coli. we analysed the presence of pu sequences in 99 different bacterial genomes by cross-hybridization. when pu sequences were used as a probe, only dna from enterobacteriaceae closely related to e. coli exhibited an appreciable hybridization signal: shigella sonnei, shigella boydii, salmonella enteritica serotype typhim ... | 1990 | 2092362 |
| molecular genetic analysis of a factor produced by citrobacter freundii which immunologically cross-reacted with cholera toxin (ct) and heat-labile enterotoxin (lth). | | 1990 | 2101142 |
| role of the outer membrane for quinolone resistance in enterobacteria. | quinolone-resistant clones were selected from clinical escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii and serratia marcescens isolates in a frequency ranging from 10(-8) to 10(-6). the outer membrane proteins of quinolone-resistant e. coli clones remained unaltered, as was the case for 10 of 11 c. freundii and 4 of 11 s. marcescens clones ('nal b' type). there was no strong relation between alterations of outer membrane proteins and cross-resistance with chemically unrelated compounds such as tetracycli ... | 1990 | 2106416 |
| intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence measurements suggest that polylactosaminyl glycosylation affects the protein conformation of the gelatin-binding domain from human placental fibronectin. | glycosylation can affect the physical and biochemical properties of the polypeptide chain in glycoproteins. asparagine-n-linked polylactosaminyl glycosylation of the chymotryptic 44-kda gelatin-binding domain from human placental fibronectin confers protease resistance [zhu, b. c. r., fisher, s. f., panda, h., calaycay, j., shively, j. e. & laine, r. a. (1984) j. biol. chem. 259, 3962-3970] and weaken the binding to gelatin [zhu, b. c. r. & laine, r. a. (1985) j. biol. chem. 260, 4041-4045]. int ... | 1990 | 2112461 |
| characteristics of aztreonam as a substrate, inhibitor and inducer for beta-lactamases. | aztreonam was investigated as to its characteristics as a substrate, inhibitor and inducer for the well-defined beta-lactamases of gram-negative bacteria, and its antibacterial efficacy as to bacterial cells producing eight types of beta-lactamases was also evaluated. aztreonam was hydrolyzed at measurable rates by class a beta-lactamases, a tem-2 type penicillinase and the proteus vulgaris cephalosporinase with a broad substrate range. however, the affinity of aztreonam for the class a enzymes ... | 1990 | 2112533 |
| extension of the substrate spectrum by an amino acid substitution at residue 219 in the citrobacter freundii cephalosporinase. | the cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii gn346 is a class c beta-lactamase, consisting of 361 amino acids and exhibiting the substrate profile of a typical cephalosporinase. on the conversion of a conserved glutamic acid at residue 219 to lysine, the substrate spectrum of the cephalosporinase was extended to oxyimino cephalosporins, aztreonam and carbenicillin, which are essentially undesirable substrates for the enzyme. escherichia coli cells carrying the mutant gene showed higher resistanc ... | 1990 | 2115867 |
| an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus. | we have developed an oligosaccharide-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine against type iii group b streptococcus. purified group b streptococcal type iii capsular polysaccharide was depolymerized by enzymatic digestion using endo-beta-galactosidase produced by citrobacter freundii. following enzymatic digestion, oligosaccharides were fractionated by gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-75. an oligosaccharide pool of average mr = 14,500 (corresponding to 13.6 repeating units of the type iii po ... | 1990 | 2120228 |
| [comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1987). i. susceptibility distribution]. | since 1979, ikemoto et al. have been retrospectively surveying the sensitivity of major species of bacteria isolated from patients with urinary tract infections to various antibacterial agents and antibiotics. their findings for the past year are reported below. a total of 825 clinical strains of bacteria was investigated. of this total, gram-positive bacteria accounted for 28.0% (231 strains) and gram-negative bacteria for 72.0% (594 strains). taxonomically, escherichia coli accounted for 34.7% ... | 1990 | 2122040 |
| [susceptibility and r plasmids conjugation tests for 44 strains of gram negative bacilli in a burn unit]. | 44 strains of 9 species gram negative bacilli were isolated and identified in a burn unit, among them 25 strains were from patients and 19 from ward environment. all strains were tested for susceptibility to antibiotics and r plasmids. using both agar dilution and disc diffusion methods to test susceptibility to 12 kinds of antibiotics, namely, streptomycin chloramphenicol, tetracycline, ampicillin, kanamycin, gentamycin, nalidixic acid, amikacin rifampin, carbenicillin, cefazolin and polymyxin, ... | 1990 | 2125853 |
| in vitro activity of sparfloxacin (ci-978; at-4140) against clinical isolates from cancer patients. | the in vitro activity of sparfloxacin, a new quinolone, was compared with those of ciprofloxacin and fleroxacin against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, greater than 90% of which were isolated from blood culture specimens of cancer patients. sparfloxacin was extremely active against acinetobacter species, aeromonas hydrophila, citrobacter diversus, enterobacter species, escherichia coli, klebsiella species, proteus vulgaris, and serratia marcescens (inhibiting greater than 90% of these ... | 1990 | 2127348 |
| interactions of tazobactam and clavulanate with inducibly- and constitutively-expressed class i beta-lactamases. | clavulanate and tazobactam (ytr 830) were tested as inhibitors and inducers of the ampc-type class i beta-lactamases of pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacter cloacae, citrobacter freundii, serratia marcescens, morganella morganii and the ic beta-lactamase of proteus vulgaris. both clavulanate and tazobactam inhibited the pr. vulgaris class ic beta-lactamase and potentiated ticarcillin and piperacillin against beta-lactamase derepressed variants of this species. tazobactam, but not clavulanate, al ... | 1990 | 2158496 |
| antibacterial activity of piperacillin and tazobactam against beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates. | the effectiveness of a combination of the recently developed penam sulphone tazobactam with piperacillin was studied in clinical isolates with defined beta-lactamase production. the combination was highly effective against piperacillin-resistant beta-lactamase-producing staphylococcus aureus, tem-1-producing escherichia coli and proteus vulgaris isolates. it was less effective against e. coli isolates producing the oxa-1 enzyme and marginally active against tem-1-producing klebsiella spp. isolat ... | 1990 | 2170081 |
| aztreonam susceptibility testing. a retrospective analysis. | aztreonam is a structurally and immunologically unique beta-lactam antibiotic with activity exclusively against aerobic gram-negative micro-organisms. between 1983 and 1988, its antimicrobial spectrum was evaluated against more than 5,800 fresh clinical isolates at a 300-bed community teaching hospital. only 1.1 percent of enterobacteriaceae isolates were resistant to aztreonam over the five-year study period, an incidence similar to that observed with aminoglycoside antibiotics. aztreonam was f ... | 1990 | 2180295 |
| conjugational cotransfer of incfi and inci conjugative plasmids forming aggregate in a pathogenic citrobacter freundii strain. | two plasmids, pem4 (incfi) determining virulence and pem6 (inci) determining colicine i production and resistance to tetracycline, have been found in a pathogenic strain of citrobacter freundii. even though pem4 and pem6 plasmids are conjugative and transfer themselves very efficiently during conjugation, a high cotransfer of both plasmids is observed--an unusually high fraction of transconjugants acquiring pem6 acquires pem4 and vice versa. the observed cotransfer of these plasmids is connected ... | 1990 | 2185130 |
| production of escherichia coli-specific hybridomas by using gnotobiotic mice. | monoclonal antibodies provide a rapid and specific means of direct detection of microorganisms in water and food samples. however, monoclonal antibodies specific for some bacteria are difficult to obtain; a good example of such a bacterium is escherichia coli. gnotobiotic balb/c mice immunized with whole-cell preparations of heat-treated strains of e. coli and subjected to high-frequency antigen injection showed a significant increase in the number of specific hybridomas produced. fusions obtain ... | 1990 | 2187413 |
| in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new carbapenem ljc10,627. | in in vitro susceptibility tests the new carbapenem ljc10,627 showed potent antibacterial activity against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, except that most methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus strains tested were found to be resistant to ljc10,627. ljc10,627 showed high activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa and was active against enterobacter cloacae and citrobacter freundii strains which were resistant to ceftazidime and cefpirome. the ki values of ljc10,627 for penicillinase ... | 1990 | 2209630 |
| hemolysin as a marker for serratia. | all serratia marcescens strains (total of 33) of different sources were hemolytic including clinical strains previously classified as being nonhemolytic. dna fragments of the two hemolysin genes hybridized with the chromosomal dna of s. marcescens, s. liquefaciens, s. kiliensis, s. grimesii, s. proteamaculans, s. plymutica, s. rubridaea which were also hemolytic. the restriction pattern of the hemolysin locus differed in each strain. s. ficaria and s. marinorubra expressed a different hemolysin ... | 1990 | 2222120 |
| in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522. | the activity of the new oral cephalosporin bay v 3522 was compared to that of six other beta-lactam agents. bay v 3522 inhibited methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml, compared to mics of greater than or equal to 8 micrograms/ml for the other cephalosporins tested. it was more active against streptococcus pyogenes (mic less than or equal to 0.06 microgram/ml) than cefuroxime, cefixime, cephalexin and cefaclor. groups ... | 1990 | 2226499 |
| function of the conserved triad residues in the class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn346. | the conserved ktg triad in the class c beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii gn346 was examined as to its function by means of site-directed mutagenesis. the following conversions were performed; lys-315 to arginine, alanine or glutamic acid, thr-316 to valine, and gly-317 to alanine, proline or isoleucine. the resultant mutant enzymes revealed that a basic amino acid at position 315 and a small uncharged residue at position 317 are essential for the enzyme activity, but a hydroxyl group at r ... | 1990 | 2226810 |
| nucleotide sequence of the serratia marcescens sr50 chromosomal ampc beta-lactamase gene. | the serratia marcescens sr50 chromosomal beta-lactamase gene (ampc) was cloned and sequenced. it contains 1128 nucleotides encoding a protein of 355 amino acids preceded by 21 amino acids which probably constitutes the signal peptide. the mature protein has a predicted molecular mass of 38,901 da. about 40% of the amino acid sequence was identical among ampc beta-lactamases resided in s. marcescens, citrobacter freundii os60, escherichia coli k12 and enterobacter cloacae p99. all of these enzyme ... | 1990 | 2227364 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activity of dq-2556 and its stability to various beta-lactamases. | dq-2556, a new cephalosporin, showed a broad antibacterial spectrum over gram-positive and -negative organisms. the activity of dq-2556 against recent clinical isolates of gram-positive cocci and enterobacteriaceae was comparable with that of cefpirome, and superior to that of ceftazidime. dq-2556 was almost as active as cefpirome against pseudomonas aeruginosa, but was less active than ceftazidime. with the exception of ps. aeruginosa, dq-2556 was bactericidal against various organisms at eithe ... | 1990 | 2228824 |
| aerobic bacteria cultured from the mouth of the american opossum (didelphis virginiana) with reference to bacteria associated with bite infections. | the american opossum inflicts bite injuries both when hunted for food and when accidentally provoked when handled in captivity. this study involved aerobically culturing organisms from the mouths of seven wild opossums (didelphis virginiana). isolates included streptococci, coagulase-positive and -negative staphylococci, aeromonas spp., citrobacter freundii, eikenella corrodens, and escherichia coli. | 1990 | 2229365 |
| homology among bacterial catalase genes. | catalase activities in crude extracts of exponential and stationary phase cultures of various bacteria were visualized following gel electrophoresis for comparison with the enzymes from escherichia coli. citrobacter freundii, edwardsiella tarda, enterobacter aerogenes, klebsiella pneumoniae, and salmonella typhimurium exhibited patterns of catalase activity similar to e. coli, including bifunctional hpi-like bands and a monofunctional hpii-like band. proteus mirabilis, erwinia carotovora, and se ... | 1990 | 2253114 |
| in vitro activity of hre 664, a penem antibiotic. | hre 664, a new penem antibiotic, inhibited 90% of escherichia coli, klebsiella, citrobacter diversus, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella, shigella, providencia, aeromonas, and morganella at less than or equal to 2 micrograms/ml but was considerably less active than cefotaxime, ceftazidime, and imipenem. it did not inhibit pseudomonas aeruginosa (mic greater than 128 micrograms/ml). hre 664 inhibited enterobacter spp., citrobacter freundii, and serratia marcescens at 1-8 micrograms/m ... | 1990 | 2279381 |
| the role of microorganisms in psoriasis. | the microflora of 297 psoriasis patients was extensively examined. throat, urine, and skin surfaces from scalp, ears, chest, face, axillary, submammary, umbilical, upper back, inguinal crease, gluteal-fold, perirectal, vaginal, pubis, penis, scrotal, leg, hands, feet, finger, and toenail areas were cultured for aerobic bacteria, yeast, and dermatophytes. antibody levels to streptococcal enzymes were performed (streptolysin-o, dnase-b, hyaluronidase, streptozyme). giemsa smears and koh preparatio ... | 1990 | 2285571 |
| [susceptibility of clinically isolated bacterial strains to imipenem/cilastatin sodium]. | in vitro antibacterial activities of imipenem/cilastatin sodium (imipenem) and other beta-lactams against clinically isolated 353 bacterial strains were investigated. the results obtained in this study are summarized as follows: 1. imipenem (ipm) showed potent antibacterial activities against gram-positive cocci such as staphylococcus aureus, staphylococcus epidermidis, enterococcus faecalis, streptococcus agalactiae. 2. ipm had inferior or equivalent antibacterial activities to beta-lactams aga ... | 1990 | 2287059 |
| [susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to antimicrobial agents. a study mainly focused on imipenem. reported by the research group for testing imipenem susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | this study was conducted to investigate susceptibilities of clinical bacterial isolates to imipenem (ipm) and other antibacterial agents at 64 hospital laboratories throughout japan from september to december of 1988. in this study, identification and susceptibility testing were carried out at each laboratory and the tests were performed according to the disk dilution method recommended by nccls in which susceptibilities are classified into "s", "ms", "i" and "r". ipm showed markedly high in vit ... | 1990 | 2287060 |
| refined crystal structure of beta-lactamase from citrobacter freundii indicates a mechanism for beta-lactam hydrolysis. | beta-lactamases (ec 3.5.2.6, 'penicillinases') are a family of enzymes that protect bacteria against the lethal effects of cell-wall synthesis of penicillins, cephalosporins and related antibiotic agents, by hydrolysing the beta-lactam antibiotics to biologically inactive compounds. their production can, therefore, greatly contribute to the clinical problem of antibiotic resistance. three classes of beta-lactamases--a, b and c--have been identified on the basis of their amino-acid sequence; clas ... | 1990 | 2300174 |
| diverse potential of beta-lactamase inhibitors to induce class i enzymes. | the ability of various beta-lactamase inhibitors to induce class i beta-lactamases was assessed. clavulanate was the most active compound, inducing morganella morganii, aeromonas caviae, and enterobacter aerogenes over a broad concentration range and citrobacter freundii, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and serratia marcescens at high concentrations. disk approximation tests paralleled these results, with clavulanate, but not sulbactam or tazobactam, antagonizing the activity of several beta-lactams aga ... | 1990 | 2327752 |
| in vitro activity of ro 23-9424, a dual-action cephalosporin, compared with activities of other antibiotics. | the in vitro activity of ro 23-9424, which is desacetyl-cefotaxime linked to fleroxacin, was compared with the activities of cefotaxime, desacetyl-cefotaxime, fleroxacin, ofloxacin, and ciprofloxacin. it inhibited the majority of members of the family enterobacteriaceae, except for some serratia marcescens, citrobacter freundii, and enterobacter cloacae strains, at less than or equal to 0.25 microgram/ml and had an mic for 90% of strains tested (mic90) of 8 micrograms/ml against pseudomonas aeru ... | 1990 | 2327765 |
| molecular epidemiology of tem-3 (ctx-1) beta-lactamase. | a total of 33 clinical isolates encoding tem-3 (ctx-1) from four french hospitals were studied. the strains belonged to seven species, klebsiella pneumoniae (n = 24), escherichia coli (n = 3), serratia marcescens (n = 2), citrobacter freundii (n = 1), enterobacter aerogenes (n = 1), enterobacter cloacae (n = 1), and klebsiella oxytoca (n = 1). all the strains harbored an inc7 or m self-transferable plasmid with a size of approximately 85 kilobases. the plasmids had closely related ecori, hincii, ... | 1990 | 2327769 |
| citrobacter freundii: a newly reported cause of pyomyositis. | pyomyositis has been uncommonly reported in temperature climates, but is being recognized with increasing frequency. the most common etiologic agent is staphylococcus aureus, although other pathogens have been rarely implicated. the authors describe the first case of pyomyositis caused by citrobacter freundii. because of the rarity of this disease in north america, it is often initially misdiagnosed. neuromuscular sonography, a non-invasive imaging technique, identified the muscle abscess in thi ... | 1990 | 2337124 |
| dysgonic fermenter 3-associated abscess in a diabetic patient. | we report a case in which a strain of the u.s.a. centers for disease control (cdc) dysgonic fermenter (df) 3, together with citrobacter freundii, was isolated from an abscess in a diabetic patient. df 3 may be easily overlooked due to its fastidious nature, a characteristic shared with two former df groups now placed in the genus capnocytophaga. to our knowledge, this is the first european case report of df 3-associated infection. | 1990 | 2341734 |
| in vitro and in vivo activities of a new quinolone, win 57273, possessing potent activity against gram-positive bacteria. | the antibacterial activity of a new 7-dimethylpyridinyl quinolone, win 57273, was assessed by using in vitro and in vivo models. agar inclusion and broth dilution in vitro tests revealed broad-spectrum activity against gram-positive and selected gram-negative organisms, with the greatest potency observed against the staphylococci. the mic for 90% of coagulase-positive strains tested (mic90) was less than or equal to 0.002 micrograms/ml; for the coagulase-negative strains the mic90 was 0.008 micr ... | 1990 | 2344163 |
| effects of room-temperature exposure on bacterial growth in stored red cells. | experiments were performed to determine the effect of room-temperature (rt) exposure on the growth rates of selected bacteria by deliberate contamination of as-1 packed red cell (rbc) units contained in pl146 plastic bags. isolates of staphylococcus aureus, s. epidermidis, streptococcus faecalis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter agglomerans, and yersinia enterocolitica were inoculated into 3- to 5-day-old packed rbc units. the units were refrigerated at 4 to 6 degrees c ... | 1990 | 2349628 |
| direct introduction of a formamido group into the 7 alpha (6 alpha)-position of cephalosporins (penicillins). | a novel direct introduction of a formamido group into the 7 alpha (6 alpha)-position of cephalosporins (penicillins) was achieved by treatment of 7 beta (6 beta)-[(3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-oxo-2,5-cyclohexadien-1- ylidene)methylimino]cephem (penam) esters with n,n-bis(trimethylsilyl)formamide, followed by deblocking with girard reagent t to give the corresponding 7 alpha (6 alpha)-formamido-7 beta (6 beta)-amino derivatives. three 7 alpha-formamidocephalosporins were prepared by the conventional n-ac ... | 1990 | 2387776 |
| comparison of the exoproducts of gram-negative bacteria by sds-page. | the protein exoproducts released during exponential growth of gram-negative bacteria were analysed and compared by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (sds-page). the following bacterial strains were tested: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii, enterobacter cloacae, serratia liquefaciens, serratia rubidaea, proteus mirabilis, proteus vulgaris, salmonella minnesota, pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas fluorescens. it is demonstrated by sds-page t ... | 1985 | 2408403 |
| properties of free and bound citrobacter freundii lipopolysaccharides. | culture medium content of free lipopolysaccharide (lps) components spontaneously released from a citrobacter freundii culture grown in minimum synthetic medium was determined during early (8-hr culture) and late (24-hr culture) phases of growth. as judged by limulus-lysate test, free lps occurred in the medium as early as after 8 hrs of incubation, i.e. at the beginning of log growth phase. as the culture continued to grow the lps amount released into culture medium kept rising, reaching 30% of ... | 1986 | 2433327 |
| failure of antisera to j5 and r595 rough mutants to reduce endotoxemic lethality. | rabbit antisera to j5 (rc) escherichia coli and r595 (re) salmonella minnesota rough mutants were selected for the highest content of hemagglutinating antibodies to their respective core glycolipids. despite titers of 1:2560 vs. j5 and 1:640 vs. r595 core glycolipids, the antisera failed to passively protect icr or cf-1 mice against lethality induced by endotoxins from a variety of wild-type, smooth enterobacteria: e. coli o111:b4, e. coli o127:b8, salmonella typhimurium, s. minnesota, and citro ... | 1988 | 2447200 |
| [protective properties of vi-antigen preparations as dependent on their adhesin content]. | adhesins contained in the preparation of vi-antigen have been found to enhance its immunogenic and protective properties. in the preparations of vi-antigen obtained from salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii the presence of two antigenic determinants has been revealed. one of them is associated with the vi-receptor and the other determinant, with adhesin. both determinants take part in the protection of mice from salmonella infection. | 1988 | 2469269 |
| genetic properties of plasmids isolated from pathogenic strain of citrobacter freundii. | it was found that citrobacter freundii slj10 strain was an etiological factor of swine diarrhoea in north poland. this strain harboured a plasmid aggregate consisting of two plasmids-pem4 responsible for virulence and pem6 for selective advantage of the strain, determining resistance to tetracycline and production of bacteriocin. these two plasmids cooperated in conjugal transfer and formed an infective block of genetic information, which could be transferred to other strains of enterobacteriace ... | 1989 | 2482661 |
| evaluation of a disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | a modified disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. the amount of inducer was adapted to produce the smallest possible zone of inhibition and the distance between the centre of the disks was standardized. among several beta-lactam antibiotic disks tested, imipenem (0.06 microgram per disk) or cefoxitin (10 micrograms per disk) placed at a distance of 14-16 mm from a cefotaxime disk (30 micrograms) most efficiently reveale ... | 1989 | 2497754 |
| [determination of 3,4-dioxyphenyl-l-alanine by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods in enzymatic synthesis using microbial cells]. | a possibility of using the ninhydrin reaction for 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) determining during the synthesis from pyrocatechol and ammonium pyruvate was verified by using free and immobilized cells of citrobacter freundii, st. 62. spectrophotometric assay was performed at the adsorption maximum for the dopa-ninhydrin complex at 390 nm. dopa can be reliably quantified in the presence of all components at 20-fold and greater dilution of the reaction mixture. a high-sensitive quantitativ ... | 1989 | 2500647 |