| ampc beta-lactamases. | summary: ampc beta-lactamases are clinically important cephalosporinases encoded on the chromosomes of many of the enterobacteriaceae and a few other organisms, where they mediate resistance to cephalothin, cefazolin, cefoxitin, most penicillins, and beta-lactamase inhibitor-beta-lactam combinations. in many bacteria, ampc enzymes are inducible and can be expressed at high levels by mutation. overexpression confers resistance to broad-spectrum cephalosporins including cefotaxime, ceftazidime, an ... | 2009 | 19136439 |
| molecular identification of ctx-m and blaoxy/k1 beta-lactamase genes in enterobacteriaceae by sequencing of universal m13-sequence tagged pcr-amplicons. | plasmid encoded blactx-m enzymes represent an important sub-group of class a beta-lactamases causing the esbl phenotype which is increasingly found in enterobacteriaceae including klebsiella spp. molecular typing of clinical esbl-isolates has become more and more important for prevention of the dissemination of esbl-producers among nosocomial environment. | 2009 | 19161622 |
| temporal appearance of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes. | one hundred fifty aac(6')-ib-positive gram-negative isolates collected between 1981 and 1991 were examined by pcr for the presence of the aac(6')-ib-cr variant and other plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance (pmqr) genes. none had the aac(6')-ib-cr variant, qnra, qnrs, qnrc, or qepa, but two strains collected in 1988 had qnrb alleles, making these the earliest known pmqr genes. | 2009 | 19164145 |
| molecular analyses of vibrio cholerae o1 clinical strains, including new nontoxigenic variants isolated in mexico during the cholera epidemic years between 1991 and 2000. | we studied the evolution of vibrio cholerae o1 during the 1991 to 2000 cholera epidemic in mexico by biochemical, serological, and molecular characterization of strains collected during this period. strains were divided into toxigenic and nontoxigenic groups according to the presence or absence of genes encoding cholera toxin. as previously reported, we characterized two populations among toxigenic strains, which were present from the first year of the epidemic. bgli rrna analysis revealed that ... | 2009 | 19213700 |
| class 1 and class 2 integrons and plasmid-mediated antibiotic resistance in coliforms isolated from ten rivers in northern turkey. | we aimed to determine the molecular mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in coliforms isolated from ten rivers in northern region of turkey. a total of 183 isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by disk diffusion and agar dilution methods. resistance to ampicillin, streptomycin, trimethoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol was detected in 58%, 51.9%, 24%, 28.4%, and 12.5%, respectively. twelve (6.5%) phylogenetically distant organisms were detected to harbor self-transmissible p ... | 2009 | 19229487 |
| characterization of a beta-glucoside operon (bgc) prevalent in septicemic and uropathogenic escherichia coli strains. | escherichia coli strains, in general, do not ferment cellobiose and aryl-beta-d-glucosidic sugars, although "cryptic" beta-d-glucoside systems have been characterized. here we describe an additional cryptic operon (bgc) for the utilization of cellobiose and the aryl-beta-d-glucosides arbutin and salicin at low temperature. the bgc operon was identified by the characterization of beta-glucoside-positive mutants of an e. coli septicemia strain (i484) in which the well-studied bgl (aryl-beta-d-gluc ... | 2009 | 19233952 |
| the bacterial virulence factor lymphostatin compromises intestinal epithelial barrier function by modulating rho gtpases. | lymphocyte inhibitory factor a (lifa) in citrobacter rodentium encodes the large toxin lymphostatin, which contains two enzymatic motifs associated with bacterial pathogenesis, a glucosyltransferase and a protease. our aim was to determine the effects of each lymphostatin motif on intestinal epithelial-barrier function. in-frame mutations of c. rodentium lifa glucosyltransferase (crglm21) and protease (crprm5) were generated by homologous recombination. infection of both model intestinal epithel ... | 2009 | 19286565 |
| emergence of a plasmid mediated bla (vim-1) in citrobacter koseri: report from the sentry antimicrobial surveillance program (italy). | | 2009 | 19297281 |
| bacteriological assessment of urban water sources in khamis mushait governorate, southwestern saudi arabia. | urban water sources of khamis mushait governorate, southwestern saudi arabia, were studied to assess their bacteriological characteristics and suitability for potable purposes. a cross-sectional epidemiological method was adopted to investigate the four main urban water sources (i.e. bottled, desalinated, surface, and well water). these were sampled and examined between february and june 2007. | 2009 | 19302710 |
| triggering of toll-like receptor 4 expressed on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma promotes tumor development and protects the tumor from immune attack. | toll-like receptors (tlr) expressed on inflammatory cells play a key role in host defense against pathogens, benefiting the host. tlr are also expressed on tumor cells. to evaluate the role of tlr in tumor cells, we investigated tlr4 signaling effects on human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (hnscc). tumor tissues were obtained from 27 patients with laryngeal and 12 with oral cavity cancers. normal mucosa was obtained from 10 patients with nonneoplastic disorders. smears for bacteria were ... | 2009 | 19318560 |
| dnddb: a database focused on phosphorothioation of the dna backbone. | the dnd dna degradation phenotype was first observed during electrophoresis of genomic dna from streptomyces lividans more than 20 years ago. it was subsequently shown to be governed by the five-gene dnd cluster. similar gene clusters have now been found to be widespread among many other distantly related bacteria. recently the dnd cluster was shown to mediate the incorporation of sulphur into the dna backbone via a sequence-selective, stereo-specific phosphorothioate modification in escherichia ... | 2009 | 19357771 |
| cardiac tamponade caused by polymicrobial gram-negative organisms. | polymicrobial gram-negative pericarditis is a rare entity. we describe the first case of suppurative pericarditis with citrobacter diversus and proteus mirabilis. | 2009 | 19395299 |
| linear alkylbenzene sulfonate tolerance in bacteria isolated from sediment of tropical water bodies polluted with detergents. | the discharge of untreated detergent-bearing waste introduces linear alklcylbenzene sulfonates (las) to the aquatic environment. the surfactant persists in some streams and rivers in nigeria, some is adsorbed to suspended materials and end in the sediment of the receiving water bodies. in this study, bacteria isolated from sediments of some tropical detergent-effluent-polluted streams were tested for tolerance to las using the media dilution technique. las-tolerance was indicated by growth of th ... | 2008 | 19419067 |
| a genetic approach for finding small rnas regulators of genes of interest identifies rybc as regulating the dpia/dpib two-component system. | in escherichia coli, the largest class of small regulatory rnas binds to the rna chaperone hfq and regulates the stability and/or translation of specific mrnas. while recent studies have shown that some mrnas could be subject to post-transcriptional regulation by srnas (e.g. mrnas found by co-immunoprecipitation with hfq), no method has yet been described to identify small rnas that regulate them. we developed a method to easily make translational fusions of genes of interest to the lacz reporte ... | 2009 | 19426207 |
| regulation of clpqy (hslvu) gene expression in escherichia coli. | the escherichia coli clpyq (hsluv) complex is an atp-dependent protease, and the clpq(+)y(+) (hslv(+)u(+)) operon encodes two heat shock proteins, clpq and clpy, respectively. the transcriptional (op) or translational (pr) clpq(+)::lacz fusion gene was constructed, with the clpq(+)y(+) promoter fused to a lacz reporter gene. the clpq(+)::lacz (op or pr) fusion gene was each crossed into lambda phage. the lambdaclpq(+)::lacz(+) (op), a transcriptional fusion gene, was used to form lysogens in the ... | 2009 | 19440251 |
| homologs of the small rna sgrs are broadly distributed in enteric bacteria but have diverged in size and sequence. | sugar phosphate stress in escherichia coli is sensed and managed by the transcriptional regulator sgrr and the small rna (srna) sgrs. sgrs is a dual function rna that performs base pairing-dependent regulation of mrna targets and encodes a small protein, sgrt. homologs of sgrr were analyzed for gene synteny and inter-homolog identity to identify those that are likely to be functionally analogous. these 22 sgrr homologs were used to manually locate adjacent srnas functionally analogous to sgrs. s ... | 2009 | 19531735 |
| detection of genomic islands via segmental genome heterogeneity. | while the recognition of genomic islands can be a powerful mechanism for identifying genes that distinguish related bacteria, few methods have been developed to identify them specifically. rather, identification of islands often begins with cataloging individual genes likely to have been recently introduced into the genome; regions with many putative alien genes are then examined for other features suggestive of recent acquisition of a large genomic region. when few phylogenetic relatives are av ... | 2009 | 19589805 |
| detection of enterobacter sakazakii and other pathogens associated with infant formula powder by use of a dna microarray. | pathogen detection is critical to the process of generating and testing powdered infant formula (pif). an obstacle associated with pif microbial surveillance is that most current procedures are time-consuming and labor-intensive. we have developed a rapid, dna microarray-based detection technique to identify 10 different pathogenic bacteria associated with pif contamination based on the 16s-23s rrna gene internal transcribed spacer (its) sequences and wzy (o antigen polymerase) gene. using this ... | 2009 | 19641057 |
| outcome of acute prosthetic joint infections due to gram-negative bacilli treated with open debridement and retention of the prosthesis. | the aim of our study was to evaluate the outcome of acute prosthetic joint infections (pjis) due to gram-negative bacilli (gnb) treated without implant removal. patients with an acute pji due to gnb diagnosed from 2000 to 2007 were prospectively registered. demographics, comorbidity, type of implant, microbiology data, surgical treatment, antimicrobial therapy, and outcome were recorded. classification and regression tree analysis, the kaplan-meier survival method, and the cox regression model w ... | 2009 | 19687237 |
| organic acid production in vitro and plant growth promotion in maize under controlled environment by phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonas. | phosphorus deficiency is a major constraint to crop production due to rapid binding of the applied phosphorus into fixed forms not available to the plants. microbial solubilization of inorganic phosphates has been attributed mainly to the production of organic acids. phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms enhance plant growth under conditions of poor phosphorus availability by solubilizing insoluble phosphates in the soil. this paper describes the production of organic acids during inorganic phos ... | 2009 | 19698133 |
| citrobacter koseri meningitis: a neurosurgical condition? | a 2-month-old girl developed meningitis, ventriculitis and brain abscess in the course of citrobacter koseri infection. she was successfully treated with the combined use of antibiotics, intra-cavitary urokinase and surgery, thus avoiding the development of hydrocephalus and of ventricular loculation. c. koseri is a gram-negative pathogen with a strong predilection for the neonatal brain. brain abscesses develop in roughly 77% of cases, causing severe neurological sequels in one-half and death i ... | 2010 | 19717321 |
| a novel glucosyltransferase involved in o-antigen modification of shigella flexneri serotype 1c. | the o antigen of serotype 1c differs from the unmodified o antigen of serotype y by the addition of a disaccharide (two glucosyl groups) to the tetrasaccharide repeating unit. it was shown here that addition of the first glucosyl group is mediated by the previously characterized gtri cluster, which is found within a cryptic prophage at the proa locus in the bacterial chromosome. transposon mutagenesis was performed to disrupt the gene responsible for addition of the second glucosyl group, causin ... | 2009 | 19717593 |
| genetic structure and distribution of the colibactin genomic island among members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | a genomic island encoding the biosynthesis and secretion pathway of putative hybrid nonribosomal peptide-polyketide colibactin has been recently described in escherichia coli. colibactin acts as a cyclomodulin and blocks the eukaryotic cell cycle. the origin and prevalence of the colibactin island among enterobacteria are unknown. we therefore screened 1,565 isolates of different genera and species related to the enterobacteriaceae by pcr for the presence of this dna element. the island was dete ... | 2009 | 19720753 |
| direct 16s rrna gene sequencing from clinical specimens, with special focus on polybacterial samples and interpretation of mixed dna chromatograms. | ripseq (isentio, bergen, norway) is a web-based application for the analysis of mixed dna chromatograms. it opens the possibility to analyze chromatograms obtained by direct 16s rrna gene sequencing from polybacterial human clinical samples. in this study, we used direct 16s rrna gene sequencing to investigate 264 samples from a wide range of suspected human bacterial infections. the sequence-based identification was compared with the results from routine culture-based identification. a total of ... | 2009 | 19741089 |
| prognostic serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha in paediatric patients with sepsis. | to study the association of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) in paediatric patients with different etiological agents and levels of sepsis. | 2009 | 19762956 |
| nosocomial transmission of highly resistant microorganisms on a spinal cord rehabilitation ward. | to study the mechanism of nosocomial transmission of highly resistant microorganisms (hrmos). | 2009 | 19777864 |
| comparative genomics of ethanolamine utilization. | ethanolamine can be used as a source of carbon and nitrogen by phylogenetically diverse bacteria. ethanolamine-ammonia lyase, the enzyme that breaks ethanolamine into acetaldehyde and ammonia, is encoded by the gene tandem eutbc. despite extensive studies of ethanolamine utilization in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, much remains to be learned about eutbc structure and catalytic mechanism, about the evolutionary origin of ethanolamine utilization, and about regulatory links between the ... | 2009 | 19783625 |
| moraxella lacunata septic arthritis in a patient with lupus nephritis. | moraxella lacunata is a rare, usually commensal gram-negative rod most commonly associated with eye infections. we report a unique case of noniatrogenic m. lacunata bacteremia and septic knee arthritis in a patient with class iii-iv lupus nephritis and speculate on the association between invasive moraxella infection and renal impairment. | 2009 | 19794049 |
| comparison of beta-lactamase genes in clinical and food bacterial isolates in india. | the present study aimed to determine the occurrence of human disease-causing enteric bacteria on raw vegetables, fruits, meats, and milk products sold in indian markets. the study further aimed to analyze antibiotic resistance rates and the presence of blactx-m, blatem, blashv, and blaampc. | 2009 | 19801801 |
| microglial activation by citrobacter koseri is mediated by tlr4- and myd88-dependent pathways. | citrobacter koseri is a gram-negative bacterium that can cause a highly aggressive form of neonatal meningitis, which often progresses to establish multifocal brain abscesses. despite its tropism for the brain parenchyma, microglial responses to c. koseri have not yet been examined. microglia use tlrs to recognize invading pathogens and elicit proinflammatory mediator expression important for infection containment. in this study, we investigated the importance of the lps receptor tlr4 and myd88, ... | 2009 | 19812209 |
| infective endocarditis due to citrobacter koseri in an immunocompetent adult. | citrobacter koseri (formerly citrobacter diversus) is a motile gram-negative bacillus usually arising from urinary and gastrointestinal tracts. c. koseri rarely causes infection in immunocompetent patients and, thus far, has been considered an opportunistic pathogen. we report on a 30-year-old man, with no medical past, hospitalized for infective aortic endocarditis due to c. koseri. four weeks of antibiotherapy led to a full recovery for this patient. however, this case is unusual, as previous ... | 2009 | 19812281 |
| endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri. | endogenous endophthalmitis occurs when organisms are hematogenously disseminated in to the eye from a distant focus of infection. the most common isolated organisms that cause endogenous endophthalmitis are klebsiella pneumoniae and escherichia coli. previous reports on endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter species are limited. we present the first case of endogenous endophthalmitis caused by citrobacter koseri bacteremia and renal abscesses. | 2009 | 19834321 |
| multilocus sequence typing of cronobacter sakazakii and cronobacter malonaticus reveals stable clonal structures with clinical significance which do not correlate with biotypes. | the cronobacter genus (enterobacter sakazakii) has come to prominence due to its association with infant infections, and the ingestion of contaminated reconstituted infant formula. c. sakazakii and c. malonaticus are closely related, and are defined according their biotype. due to the ubiquitous nature of the organism, and the high severity of infection for the immunocompromised, a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) scheme has been developed for the fast and reliable identification and discrimina ... | 2009 | 19852808 |
| pantothenate kinase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon picrophilus torridus. | pantothenate kinase (coaa) catalyzes the first step of the coenzyme a (coa) biosynthetic pathway and controls the intracellular concentrations of coa through feedback inhibition in bacteria. an alternative enzyme found in archaea, pantoate kinase, is missing in the order thermoplasmatales. the pto0232 gene from picrophilus torridus, a thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon, is shown to be a distant homologue of the prokaryotic type i coaa. the cloned gene clearly complements the poor growth of the tempe ... | 2010 | 19854913 |
| pantothenate kinase from the thermoacidophilic archaeon picrophilus torridus. | pantothenate kinase (coaa) catalyzes the first step of the coenzyme a (coa) biosynthetic pathway and controls the intracellular concentrations of coa through feedback inhibition in bacteria. an alternative enzyme found in archaea, pantoate kinase, is missing in the order thermoplasmatales. the pto0232 gene from picrophilus torridus, a thermoacidophilic euryarchaeon, is shown to be a distant homologue of the prokaryotic type i coaa. the cloned gene clearly complements the poor growth of the tempe ... | 2010 | 19854913 |
| brain abscesses due to citrobacter koseri in a pair of twins. | | 2009 | 19859021 |
| why hypothetical protein kpn00728 of klebsiella pneumoniae should be classified as chain c of succinate dehydrogenase? | twenty percent of genes that encode for hypothetical proteins from klebsiella pneumoniae mgh78578 were identified, leading to kpn00728 and kpn00729 after bioinformatics analysis. both open reading frames showed high sequence homology to succinate dehydrogenase chain c (sdhc) and d (sdhd) from escherichia coli. recently, kpn00729 was assigned as sdhd. kpn00728 thus remains of particular interest as no annotated genes from the complete genome sequence encode for sdhc. we discovered kpn00728 has a ... | 2009 | 19859792 |
| genome sequence of the versatile fish pathogen edwardsiella tarda provides insights into its adaptation to broad host ranges and intracellular niches. | edwardsiella tarda is the etiologic agent of edwardsiellosis, a devastating fish disease prevailing in worldwide aquaculture industries. here we describe the complete genome of e. tarda, eib202, a highly virulent and multi-drug resistant isolate in china. | 2009 | 19865481 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class a beta-lactamase from pseudomonas luteola. | pseudomonas luteola (formerly classified as cdc group ve-1 and named chryseomonas luteola) is an unusual pathogen implicated in rare but serious infections in humans. a novel beta-lactamase gene, bla(lut-1), was cloned from the whole-cell dna of the p. luteola clinical isolate lam, which had a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype, and expressed in escherichia coli. this gene encoded lut-1, a 296-amino-acid ambler class a beta-lactamase with a pi of 6 and a theoretical molecular m ... | 2010 | 19884377 |
| molecular and biochemical characterization of the natural chromosome-encoded class a beta-lactamase from pseudomonas luteola. | pseudomonas luteola (formerly classified as cdc group ve-1 and named chryseomonas luteola) is an unusual pathogen implicated in rare but serious infections in humans. a novel beta-lactamase gene, bla(lut-1), was cloned from the whole-cell dna of the p. luteola clinical isolate lam, which had a weak narrow-spectrum beta-lactam-resistant phenotype, and expressed in escherichia coli. this gene encoded lut-1, a 296-amino-acid ambler class a beta-lactamase with a pi of 6 and a theoretical molecular m ... | 2010 | 19884377 |
| the citrobacter rodentium genome sequence reveals convergent evolution with human pathogenic escherichia coli. | citrobacter rodentium (formally citrobacter freundii biotype 4280) is a highly infectious pathogen that causes colitis and transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. in common with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec, respectively), c. rodentium exploits a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to induce attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions that are essential for virulence. here, we report the fully annotated genome sequence of the 5.3-mb chromosome and four plasmids ... | 2010 | 19897651 |
| the citrobacter rodentium genome sequence reveals convergent evolution with human pathogenic escherichia coli. | citrobacter rodentium (formally citrobacter freundii biotype 4280) is a highly infectious pathogen that causes colitis and transmissible colonic hyperplasia in mice. in common with enteropathogenic and enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (epec and ehec, respectively), c. rodentium exploits a type iii secretion system (t3ss) to induce attaching and effacing (a/e) lesions that are essential for virulence. here, we report the fully annotated genome sequence of the 5.3-mb chromosome and four plasmids ... | 2010 | 19897651 |
| direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture bottles by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight mass spectrometry. | with long delays observed between sampling and availability of results, the usefulness of blood cultures in the context of emergency infectious diseases has recently been questioned. among methods that allow quicker bacterial identification from growing colonies, matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation time-of-flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry was demonstrated to accurately identify bacteria routinely isolated in a clinical biology laboratory. in order to speed up the identification proce ... | 2009 | 19946369 |
| rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry is a rapid, accurate method for identifying bacteria and fungi recovered on agar culture media. we report herein a method for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. a total of 212 positive cultures were examined, representing 32 genera and 60 species or groups. the identification of bacterial isolates by maldi-tof mass spectrometry was compared ... | 2010 | 19955282 |
| rapid identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry is a rapid, accurate method for identifying bacteria and fungi recovered on agar culture media. we report herein a method for the direct identification of bacteria in positive blood culture broths by maldi-tof mass spectrometry. a total of 212 positive cultures were examined, representing 32 genera and 60 species or groups. the identification of bacterial isolates by maldi-tof mass spectrometry was compared ... | 2010 | 19955282 |
| antimicrobial resistance among nosocomial isolates in a teaching hospital in goa. | emergence of polyantimicrobial resistant strains of hospital pathogens has presented a challenge in the provision of good quality in-patient care. inappropriate use of antibiotics in the hospital is largely responsible for this catastrophe. bacteriological surveillance of the cases of nosocomial infections is crucial for framing an evidence-based antimicrobial policy for a hospital. | 2008 | 19967031 |
| actinobaculum schaalii, a common uropathogen in elderly patients, denmark. | actinobaculum schaalii can cause urinary tract infections and septicemia but is difficult to identify by cultivation. to obtain a fast diagnosis and identify a. schaalii, we developed a taqman real-time quantitative pcr. routine urine samples were obtained from 177 hospitalized patients and 75 outpatients in viborg county, denmark, in 2008-2009. the pcr detected a. schaalii in 22% of samples from patients >60 years of age. this assay showed that a. schaalii is more common than implied by routine ... | 2010 | 20031046 |
| feedback inhibition in the phoq/phop signaling system by a membrane peptide. | the phoq/phop signaling system responds to low magnesium and the presence of certain cationic antimicrobial peptides. it regulates genes important for growth under these conditions, as well as additional genes important for virulence in many gram-negative pathogens. phoq is a sensor kinase that phosphorylates and activates the transcription factor phop. since feedback inhibition is a common theme in stress-response circuits, we hypothesized that some members of the phop regulon may play such a r ... | 2009 | 20041203 |
| [citrobacter koseri brain abscess in an infant: case report and literature review]. | we present a 2 month-old female infant admitted to the hospital with macrocephaly as main clinical sign, irritability, and vomiting. the computer tomography scanning showed a cystic frontal image with contralateral ventricle displacement. surgical intervention was performed. purulent material culture was positive for citrobacter koseri (diversus). cerebrospinal fluid culture was negative. the infant was treated with antibiotics for 6 weeks with a good outcome. she presented postsurgical hydrocep ... | 2009 | 20049403 |
| high-throughput identification of bacteria and yeast by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry in conventional medical microbiology laboratories. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) is suitable for high-throughput and rapid diagnostics at low costs and can be considered an alternative for conventional biochemical and molecular identification systems in a conventional microbiological laboratory. first, we evaluated maldi-tof ms using 327 clinical isolates previously cultured from patient materials and identified by conventional techniques (vitek-ii, api, and biochemical tests). discre ... | 2010 | 20053859 |
| reprogramming of anaerobic metabolism by the fnrs small rna. | small rnas (srnas) that act by base pairing with trans-encoded mrnas modulate metabolism in response to a variety of environmental stimuli. here, we describe an hfq-binding srna (fnrs) whose expression is induced upon a shift from aerobic to anaerobic conditions and which acts to downregulate the levels of a variety of mrnas encoding metabolic enzymes. anaerobic induction in minimal medium depends strongly on fnr but is also affected by the arca and crp transcription regulators. whole genome exp ... | 2010 | 20070527 |
| evolution in quantum leaps: multiple combinatorial transfers of hpi and other genetic modules in enterobacteriaceae. | horizontal gene transfer is a key step in the evolution of enterobacteriaceae. by acquiring virulence determinants of foreign origin, commensals can evolve into pathogens. in enterobacteriaceae, horizontal transfer of these virulence determinants is largely dependent on transfer by plasmids, phages, genomic islands (gis) and genomic modules (gms). the high pathogenicity island (hpi) is a gi encoding virulence genes that can be transferred between different enterobacteriaceae. we investigated the ... | 2010 | 20084283 |
| complete genome sequence and comparative metabolic profiling of the prototypical enteroaggregative escherichia coli strain 042. | escherichia coli can experience a multifaceted life, in some cases acting as a commensal while in other cases causing intestinal and/or extraintestinal disease. several studies suggest enteroaggregative e. coli are the predominant cause of e. coli-mediated diarrhea in the developed world and are second only to campylobacter sp. as a cause of bacterial-mediated diarrhea. furthermore, enteroaggregative e. coli are a predominant cause of persistent diarrhea in the developing world where infection h ... | 2010 | 20098708 |
| citrobacter koseri cellulitis during anti-cd20 monoclonal antibody (ofatumumab) treatment for b-cell chronic lymphocytic leukaemia. | | 2010 | 20107742 |
| ctx-m-35 extended-spectrum beta-lactamase conferring ceftazidime resistance in citrobacter koseri. | | 2010 | 20138478 |
| diffuse retinal vasculitis in citrobacter koseri traumatic endophthalmitis with intraocular foreign body. | | 2010 | 20154565 |
| abundance of type i toxin-antitoxin systems in bacteria: searches for new candidates and discovery of novel families. | small, hydrophobic proteins whose synthesis is repressed by small rnas (srnas), denoted type i toxin-antitoxin modules, were first discovered on plasmids where they regulate plasmid stability, but were subsequently found on a few bacterial chromosomes. we used exhaustive psi-blast and tblastn searches across 774 bacterial genomes to identify homologs of known type i toxins. these searches substantially expanded the collection of predicted type i toxins, revealed homology of the ldr and fst toxin ... | 2010 | 20156992 |
| sequence analysis and characterization of a transferable hybrid plasmid encoding multidrug resistance and enabling zoonotic potential for extraintestinal escherichia coli. | colv plasmids of extraintestinal pathogenic escherichia coli (expec) encode a variety of fitness and virulence factors and have long been associated with septicemia and avian colibacillosis. these plasmids are found significantly more often in expec, including expec associated with human neonatal meningitis and avian colibacillosis, than in commensal e. coli. here we describe papec-o103-colbm, a hybrid repfiia/fib plasmid harboring components of the colv pathogenicity island and a multidrug resi ... | 2010 | 20160015 |
| maternal plasma retinol binding protein 4 in acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy. | adipokines have been implicated in metabolic regulation and the immune response thus providing a molecular mechanism for the interaction between these two systems. retinol binding protein 4 (rbp4) is a novel adipokine that plays a role in the pathophysiology of obesity-induced insulin resistance, as well as in the modulation of inflammation. the aim of this study was to determine whether there are changes in maternal plasma concentrations of rbp4 in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis. | 2010 | 20163326 |
| microbial keratitis secondary to infection with citrobacter koseri. | | 2010 | 20164753 |
| shewanella spp. genomic evolution for a cold marine lifestyle and in-situ explosive biodegradation. | shewanella halifaxensis and shewanella sediminis were among a few aquatic gamma-proteobacteria that were psychrophiles and the first anaerobic bacteria that degraded hexahydro-1,3,5-trinitro-1,3,5-triazine (rdx). although many mesophilic or psychrophilic strains of shewanella and gamma-proteobacteria were sequenced for their genomes, the genomic evolution pathways for temperature adaptation were poorly understood. on the other hand, the genes responsible for anaerobic rdx mineralization pathways ... | 2010 | 20174598 |
| hyperresistinemia - a novel feature in systemic infection during human pregnancy. | resistin, originally described as an adipokine, has emerged as a potent pro-inflammatory protein associated with both acute and chronic inflammation. moreover, resistin has been proposed as a powerful marker of sepsis severity, as well as a predictor of survival of critically ill non-pregnant patients. the aim of this study was to determine whether pyelonephritis during pregnancy is associated with changes in maternal plasma resistin concentrations. | 2010 | 20178460 |
| fatal citrobacter farmeri meningitis in a patient with nasopharyngeal cancer. | we describe the case of an adult male with nasopharyngeal carcinoma who had meningitis caused by citrobacter farmeri. the isolate was confirmed as c. farmeri by two commercial identification systems and 16s rrna gene analysis. the patient developed multiorgan failure and died despite antibiotic treatment with in vitro active agents (ceftriaxone and meropenem). | 2010 | 20181904 |
| rapid differentiation of francisella species and subspecies by fluorescent in situ hybridization targeting the 23s rrna. | francisella (f.) tularensis is the causative agent of tularemia. due to its low infectious dose, ease of dissemination and high case fatality rate, f. tularensis was the subject in diverse biological weapons programs and is among the top six agents with high potential if misused in bioterrorism. microbiological diagnosis is cumbersome and time-consuming. methods for the direct detection of the pathogen (immunofluorescence, pcr) have been developed but are restricted to reference laboratories. | 2010 | 20205957 |
| acute pyelonephritis during pregnancy changes the balance of angiogenic and anti-angiogenic factors in maternal plasma. | angiogenic factors have been implicated in the pathophysiology of sepsis. in experimental models of sepsis (endotoxemia and/or cecal ligation puncture), there is increased expression of vascular endothelial growth factors (vegf) and the administration of exogenous soluble vegf receptor (svegfr)-1, an antagonist to vegf, reduces morbidity and mortality. moreover, a dramatic elevation in svegfr-1 has been demonstrated in human sepsis. although a balance between angiogenic and anti-angiogenic facto ... | 2010 | 20213923 |
| performance of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for identification of bacterial strains routinely isolated in a clinical microbiology laboratory. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has recently been introduced in diagnostic microbiology laboratories for the identification of bacterial and yeast strains isolated from clinical samples. in the present study, we prospectively compared maldi-tof ms to the conventional phenotypic method for the identification of routine isolates. colonies were analyzed by maldi-tof ms either by direct deposition on the target plate or after a formic acid- ... | 2010 | 20220166 |
| citrobacter spp. simultaneously harboring blactx-m, blatem, blashv, blaampc, and insertion sequences is26 and orf513: an evolutionary phenomenon of recent concern for antibiotic resistance. | a collection of 40 confirmed isolates of citrobacter spp., obtained from the culture of 5,732 clinical samples during 2006 to 2008, was studied for the presence of blactx-m, blatem, blashv, and blaampc by monoplex and multiplex pcrs. these isolates were also looked at for the presence of insertion elements is26 and orf513, which play an important role in the resistance gene pool. blactx-m, blatem, blashv, and blaampc were noticed in 67.5%, 40%, 25%, and 40% of isolates, respectively. sequencing ... | 2010 | 20220171 |
| genome sequence of cronobacter sakazakii baa-894 and comparative genomic hybridization analysis with other cronobacter species. | the genus cronobacter (formerly called enterobacter sakazakii) is composed of five species; c. sakazakii, c. malonaticus, c. turicensis, c. muytjensii, and c. dublinensis. the genus includes opportunistic human pathogens, and the first three species have been associated with neonatal infections. the most severe diseases are caused in neonates and include fatal necrotizing enterocolitis and meningitis. the genetic basis of the diversity within the genus is unknown, and few virulence traits have b ... | 2010 | 20221447 |
| agrobacterium tumefaciens type iv secretion protein virb3 is an inner membrane protein and requires virb4, virb7, and virb8 for stabilization. | agrobacterium tumefaciens virb proteins assemble a type iv secretion apparatus and a t-pilus for secretion of dna and proteins into plant cells. the pilin-like protein virb3, a membrane protein of unknown topology, is required for the assembly of the t-pilus and for t-dna secretion. using phoa and green fluorescent protein (gfp) as periplasmic and cytoplasmic reporters, respectively, we demonstrate that virb3 contains two membrane-spanning domains and that both the n and c termini of the protein ... | 2010 | 20348257 |
| direct identification of urinary tract pathogens from urine samples by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) has been suggested as a reliable method for bacterial identification from cultures. direct analysis of clinical samples might increase the usefulness of this method, shortening the time for microorganism identification. we compared conventional methods for the diagnosis of urinary tract infections (utis) and identification of the urinary tract pathogens (automated screening, plate cultures, and identifica ... | 2010 | 20392910 |
| spectrum and prevalence of fungi infecting deep tissues of lower-limb wounds in patients with type 2 diabetes. | the prevalence rate and spectrum of fungi infecting deep tissues of diabetic lower-limb wounds (dlws) have not been previously studied. five hundred eighteen (382 male and 136 female) consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes hospitalized due to infected lower-limb wounds were enlisted in this study. deep tissue (approximately 0.5- x 0.5-cm size) taken perioperatively from the wound bed was cultured for fungi. fungi was found in 27.2% (141/518) of the study population. candida parapsilosis (25.5 ... | 2010 | 20410345 |
| fluorescence in situ hybridization method using a peptide nucleic acid probe for identification of salmonella spp. in a broad spectrum of samples. | a fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method for the rapid detection of salmonella spp. using a novel peptide nucleic acid (pna) probe was developed. the probe theoretical specificity and sensitivity were both 100%. the pna-fish method was optimized, and laboratory testing on representative strains from the salmonella genus subspecies and several related bacterial species confirmed the predicted theoretical values of specificity and sensitivity. the pna-fish method has been successfully ad ... | 2010 | 20453122 |
| genome sequence of the plant growth promoting endophytic bacterium enterobacter sp. 638. | enterobacter sp. 638 is an endophytic plant growth promoting gamma-proteobacterium that was isolated from the stem of poplar (populus trichocarpaxdeltoides cv. h11-11), a potentially important biofuel feed stock plant. the enterobacter sp. 638 genome sequence reveals the presence of a 4,518,712 bp chromosome and a 157,749 bp plasmid (pent638-1). genome annotation and comparative genomics allowed the identification of an extended set of genes specific to the plant niche adaptation of this bacteri ... | 2010 | 20485560 |
| antimicrobial resistant bacteria among health care workers in intensive care units at ain shams university hospitals. | fifty hcws in icus of internal medicine, chest, neonatology and burn were included in prospective cohort study. collection of nasal, hand and rectal swabs, proper biochemical identification, culture media and antibiotic sensitivity tests were used to detect methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa); vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) & extended spectrum beta-lactamase producing gram -ve bacilli (esbls). s. aureus was isolated from 34% of hcws; 28% were nasal carriers, 4% were hand c ... | 2010 | 20503587 |
| phylogenetic incongruence arising from fragmented speciation in enteric bacteria. | evolutionary relationships among species are often assumed to be fundamentally unambiguous, where genes within a genome are thought to evolve in concert and phylogenetic incongruence between individual orthologs is attributed to idiosyncrasies in their evolution. we have identified substantial incongruence between the phylogenies of orthologous genes in escherichia, salmonella, and citrobacter, or e. coli, e. fergusonii, and e. albertii. the source of incongruence was inferred to be recombinatio ... | 2010 | 20534528 |
| evaluation of a dna microarray, the check-points esbl/kpc array, for rapid detection of tem, shv, and ctx-m extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and kpc carbapenemases. | extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) and klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpc carbepenemases) have rapidly emerged worldwide and require rapid identification. the check-points esbl/kpc array, a new commercial system based on genetic profiling for the direct identification of esbl producers (shv, tem, and ctx-m) and of kpc producers, was evaluated. well-characterized gram-negative rods (enterobacteriaceae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii) expressing various ss-lactamases ... | 2010 | 20547813 |
| chromosomally encoded blacmy-2 located on a novel sxt/r391-related integrating conjugative element in a proteus mirabilis clinical isolate. | integrating conjugative elements (ices) are mobile genetic elements that can transfer from the chromosome of a host to the chromosome of a new host through the process of excision, conjugation, and integration. although sxt/r391-related ices, originally demonstrated in vibrio cholerae o139 isolates, have become prevalent among v. cholerae isolates in asia, the prevalence of the ices among gram-negative bacteria other than vibrio spp. remains unknown. in addition, sxt/r391-related ices carrying g ... | 2010 | 20566768 |
| molecular analysis of type 3 fimbrial genes from escherichia coli, klebsiella and citrobacter species. | catheter-associated urinary tract infection (cauti) is the most common nosocomial infection in the united states and is caused by a range of uropathogens. biofilm formation by uropathogens that cause cauti is often mediated by cell surface structures such as fimbriae. in this study, we characterised the genes encoding type 3 fimbriae from cauti strains of escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella oxytoca, citrobacter koseri and citrobacter freundii. | 2010 | 20576143 |
| rapid detection of pseudomonas aeruginosa from positive blood cultures by quantitative pcr. | pseudomonas aeruginosa is responsible for numerous bloodstream infections associated with severe adverse outcomes in case of inappropriate initial antimicrobial therapy. the present study was aimed to develop a novel quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay, using ecfx as the specific target gene, for the rapid and accurate identification of p. aeruginosa from positive blood cultures (bcs). | 2010 | 20684778 |
| a bacterial mrna leader that employs different mechanisms to sense disparate intracellular signals. | bacterial mrnas often contain leader sequences that respond to specific metabolites or ions by altering expression of the associated downstream protein-coding sequences. here we report that the leader rna of the mg(2+) transporter gene mgta of salmonella enterica, which was previously known to function as a mg(2+)-sensing riboswitch, harbors an 18 codon proline-rich open reading frame-termed mgtl-that permits intracellular proline to regulate mgta expression. interfering with mgtl translation by ... | 2010 | 20813261 |
| suppression subtractive hybridization identifies an autotransporter adhesin gene of e. coli imt5155 specifically associated with avian pathogenic escherichia coli (apec). | extraintestinal pathogenic e. coli (expec) represent a phylogenetically diverse group of bacteria which are implicated in a large range of infections in humans and animals. although subgroups of different expec pathotypes, including uropathogenic, newborn meningitis causing, and avian pathogenic e. coli (apec) share a number of virulence features, there still might be factors specifically contributing to the pathogenesis of a certain subset of strains or a distinct pathotype. thus, we made use o ... | 2010 | 20828376 |
| proteomic characterization of vana-containing enterococcus recovered from seagulls at the berlengas natural reserve, w portugal. | abstract: | 2010 | 20858227 |
| the prediction and characterization of ysha, an unknown outer-membrane protein from salmonella typhimurium. | we have developed an effective pathway for the prediction and characterization of novel transmembrane β-barrel proteins. the freeman-wimley algorithm, which is a highly accurate prediction method based on the physicochemical properties of experimentally characterized transmembrane β barrel (tmbb) structures, was used to predict tmbbs in the genome of salmonella typhimurium lt2. the previously uncharacterized product of gene ysha was tested as a model for validating the algorithm. ysha is a highl ... | 2010 | 20863811 |
| the prediction and characterization of ysha, an unknown outer-membrane protein from salmonella typhimurium. | we have developed an effective pathway for the prediction and characterization of novel transmembrane β-barrel proteins. the freeman-wimley algorithm, which is a highly accurate prediction method based on the physicochemical properties of experimentally characterized transmembrane β barrel (tmbb) structures, was used to predict tmbbs in the genome of salmonella typhimurium lt2. the previously uncharacterized product of gene ysha was tested as a model for validating the algorithm. ysha is a highl ... | 2010 | 20863811 |
| citrobacter koseri meningitis: another freediving risk? | we present a rare case of meningitis caused by citrobacter koseri in an immunocompetent adult who had recently been freediving. middle ear pressure changes from this recreational activity, and the subsequent inflammatory response, are likely to have provided this environmental organism access to the central nervous system, and thus the ability to cause clinically significant infection. | 2010 | 20933000 |
| mode-of-action studies of the novel bisquaternary bisnaphthalimide mt02 against staphylococcus aureus. | screening of various bisquaternary bisnaphthalimides against a variety of human pathogens revealed one compound, designated mt02, with strong inhibitory effects against gram-positive bacteria. the mics ranged from 0.31 μg/ml against community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) lineage usa300 to 20 μg/ml against streptococcus pneumoniae. radioactive whole-cell labeling experiments indicated a strong impact of mt02 on bacterial dna replication. dna microarray studies gener ... | 2010 | 20937782 |
| mode-of-action studies of the novel bisquaternary bisnaphthalimide mt02 against staphylococcus aureus. | screening of various bisquaternary bisnaphthalimides against a variety of human pathogens revealed one compound, designated mt02, with strong inhibitory effects against gram-positive bacteria. the mics ranged from 0.31 μg/ml against community-acquired methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) lineage usa300 to 20 μg/ml against streptococcus pneumoniae. radioactive whole-cell labeling experiments indicated a strong impact of mt02 on bacterial dna replication. dna microarray studies gener ... | 2010 | 20937782 |
| severe imported falciparum malaria: a cohort study in 400 critically ill adults. | large studies on severe imported malaria in non-endemic industrialized countries are lacking. we sought to describe the clinical spectrum of severe imported malaria in french adults and to identify risk factors for mortality at admission to the intensive care unit. | 2010 | 20949045 |
| etiology and antibacterial susceptibility pattern of community-acquired bacterial ocular infections in a tertiary eye care hospital in south india. | to identify the etiology, incidence and prevalence of ocular bacterial infections, and to assess the in vitro susceptibility of these ocular bacterial isolates to commonly used antibiotics. | 2010 | 20952834 |
| molecular probes for diagnosis of clinically relevant bacterial infections in blood cultures. | broad-range real-time pcr and sequencing of the 16s rrna gene region is a widely known method for the detection and identification of bacteria in clinical samples. however, because of the need for sequencing, such identification of bacteria is time-consuming. the aim of our study was to develop a more rapid 16s real-time pcr-based identification assay using species- or genus-specific probes. the gram-negative bacteria were divided into pseudomonas species, pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia col ... | 2010 | 20962139 |
| distribution analysis of hydrogenases in surface waters of marine and freshwater environments. | surface waters of aquatic environments have been shown to both evolve and consume hydrogen and the ocean is estimated to be the principal natural source. in some marine habitats, h(2) evolution and uptake are clearly due to biological activity, while contributions of abiotic sources must be considered in others. until now the only known biological process involved in h(2) metabolism in marine environments is nitrogen fixation. | 2010 | 21079771 |
| physiological and evolutionary studies of nap systems in shewanella piezotolerans wp3. | most of the shewanella species contain two periplasmic nitrate reductases (nap-α and nap-β), which is a unique feature of this genus. in the present study, the physiological function and evolutionary relationship of the two nap systems were studied in the deep-sea bacterium shewanella piezotolerans wp3. both of the wp3 nap gene clusters: nap-α (napd1a1b1c) and nap-β (napd2a2b2) were shown to be involved in nitrate respiration. phylogenetic analyses suggest that nap-β originated earlier than nap- ... | 2010 | 21124486 |
| physiological and evolutionary studies of nap systems in shewanella piezotolerans wp3. | most of the shewanella species contain two periplasmic nitrate reductases (nap-α and nap-β), which is a unique feature of this genus. in the present study, the physiological function and evolutionary relationship of the two nap systems were studied in the deep-sea bacterium shewanella piezotolerans wp3. both of the wp3 nap gene clusters: nap-α (napd1a1b1c) and nap-β (napd2a2b2) were shown to be involved in nitrate respiration. phylogenetic analyses suggest that nap-β originated earlier than nap- ... | 2010 | 21124486 |
| citrobacter koseri as a cause of early periprosthetic infection after primary total hip arthroplasty. | periprosthetic joint infection in the acute setting is usually caused by gram-positive species and remains a major problem facing total joint surgeons. we report a case of a 53-year-old male who presented with drainage 3 weeks after primary total hip arthroplasty. citrobacter koseri was cultured from an infected hematoma in his deep tissues. surgical treatment included irrigation and debridement with femoral head and liner exchange. he received a 6-week course of ertapenem and is currently asymp ... | 2010 | 21167674 |
| a novel cdsab operon is involved in the uptake of l-cysteine and participates in the pathogenesis of yersinia ruckeri. | application of in vivo expression technology (ivet) to yersinia ruckeri, an important fish pathogen, allowed the identification of two adjacent genes that represent a novel bacterial system involved in the uptake and degradation of l-cysteine. analysis of the translational products of both genes showed permease domains (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) and amino acid position identities (orf2) with the l-cysteine desulfidase from methanocaldococcus jannaschii, a new type of enzyme involved in the br ... | 2010 | 21169490 |
| a novel cdsab operon is involved in the uptake of l-cysteine and participates in the pathogenesis of yersinia ruckeri. | application of in vivo expression technology (ivet) to yersinia ruckeri, an important fish pathogen, allowed the identification of two adjacent genes that represent a novel bacterial system involved in the uptake and degradation of l-cysteine. analysis of the translational products of both genes showed permease domains (open reading frame 1 [orf1]) and amino acid position identities (orf2) with the l-cysteine desulfidase from methanocaldococcus jannaschii, a new type of enzyme involved in the br ... | 2010 | 21169490 |
| strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant. | the intestinal microbiome is a critical determinant of human health. alterations in its composition have been correlated with chronic disorders, such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease in adults, and may be associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. increasing evidence suggests that strain-level genomic variation may underpin distinct ecological trajectories within mixed populations, yet there have been few strain-resolved analyses of genotype-phenotype conne ... | 2010 | 21191099 |
| strain-resolved community genomic analysis of gut microbial colonization in a premature infant. | the intestinal microbiome is a critical determinant of human health. alterations in its composition have been correlated with chronic disorders, such as obesity and inflammatory bowel disease in adults, and may be associated with neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis in premature infants. increasing evidence suggests that strain-level genomic variation may underpin distinct ecological trajectories within mixed populations, yet there have been few strain-resolved analyses of genotype-phenotype conne ... | 2010 | 21191099 |
| the aspartate-semialdehyde dehydrogenase of edwardsiella ictaluri and its use as balanced-lethal system in fish vaccinology. | asda mutants of gram-negative bacteria have an obligate requirement for diaminopimelic acid (dap), which is an essential constituent of the peptidoglycan layer of the cell wall of these organisms. in environments deprived of dap, i.e., animal tissues, they will undergo lysis. deletion of the asda gene has previously been exploited to develop antibiotic-sensitive strains of live attenuated recombinant bacterial vaccines. introduction of an asd(+) plasmid into a δasda mutant makes the bacterial st ... | 2010 | 21209920 |
| comprehensive approaches to molecular biomarker discovery for detection and identification of cronobacter spp. (enterobacter sakazakii) and salmonella spp. | cronobacter spp. (formerly enterobacter sakazakii) and salmonella spp. are increasingly implicated internationally as important microbiological contaminants in low-moisture food products, including powdered infant formula. estimates indicate that 40 to 80% of infants infected with cronobacter sakazakii and/or salmonella in the united states may not survive the illness. a systematic approach, combining literature-based data mining, comparative genome analysis, and the direct sequencing of pcr pro ... | 2011 | 21239552 |