| microbiological and histopathological aspects of canine pyometra. | as pyometra is recognized as one of the main causes of disease and death in the bitch the purposes of this study were to evaluate microbiological and histopathological aspects of canine pyometra and to research the virulence factors of the e. coli isolates identifying possible risks to human health. the microbiological isolation from the intrauterine contents of 100 dogs with pyometra was carried out and the virulence factors in the e. coli strains were identified using pcr method. this study al ... | 2008 | 24031249 |
| copeptin, a novel prognostic biomarker in ventilator-associated pneumonia. | the present study sought to investigate the correlation of copeptin with the severity of septic status in patients with ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap), and to analyze the usefulness of copeptin as a predictor of mortality in vap. | 2008 | 18252006 |
| high prevalence of plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinants in commensal members of the enterobacteriaceae in ho chi minh city, vietnam. | antimicrobial-resistant pathogenic members of the enterobacteriaceae are a well-defined global problem. we hypothesized that one of the main reservoirs of dissemination of antimicrobial resistance genes in vietnam is non-pathogenic intestinal flora, and sought to isolate antimicrobial-resistant organisms from hospitalized patients and non-hospitalized healthy individuals in ho chi minh city. the results identified substantial faecal carriage of gentamicin-, ceftazidime- and nalidixic acid-resist ... | 2009 | 19696153 |
| isolation and molecular characterization of multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria from imported flamingos in japan. | imported animals, especially those from developing countries, may constitute a potential hazard to native animals and to public health. in this study, a new flock of lesser flamingos imported from tanzania to hiroshima zoological park were screened for multidrug-resistant gram-negative bacteria, integrons and antimicrobial resistance genes. thirty-seven gram-negative bacterial isolates were obtained from the flamingos. seven isolates (18.9%) showed multidrug resistance phenotypes, the most commo ... | 2009 | 19930691 |
| rapid detection of aac(6')-ib-cr quinolone resistance gene by pyrosequencing. | pyrosequencing was used to rapidly detect aac(6')-ib and aac(6')-ib-cr genes. this plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant is increasing in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. this method is faster and more cost-effective than the methods previously described. sequences obtained with this pyrosequencing method showed 100% concordance with conventional sequencing. | 2009 | 19923484 |
| rapid detection of aac(6')-ib-cr quinolone resistance gene by pyrosequencing. | pyrosequencing was used to rapidly detect aac(6')-ib and aac(6')-ib-cr genes. this plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance determinant is increasing in extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. this method is faster and more cost-effective than the methods previously described. sequences obtained with this pyrosequencing method showed 100% concordance with conventional sequencing. | 2009 | 19923484 |
| plasma protein c levels in immunocompromised septic patients are significantly lower than immunocompetent septic patients: a prospective cohort study. | activated protein c [apc] improves outcome in immunocompetent patients with severe sepsis particularly in those who are perceived to have high mortality risk. before embarking on a trial of apc administration in immunocompromised septic patients, a preliminary study on plasma levels of protein c in this cohort is essential. | 2009 | 19840396 |
| study of the patency of different peritoneal drains used prophylactically in bariatric surgery. | to compare the performance of different types of abdominal drains used in bariatric surgery. | 2009 | 19452575 |
| evolution of a bacterial regulon controlling virulence and mg(2+) homeostasis. | related organisms typically rely on orthologous regulatory proteins to respond to a given signal. however, the extent to which (or even if) the targets of shared regulatory proteins are maintained across species has remained largely unknown. this question is of particular significance in bacteria due to the widespread effects of horizontal gene transfer. here, we address this question by investigating the regulons controlled by the dna-binding phop protein, which governs virulence and mg(2+) hom ... | 2009 | 19300486 |
| gut inflammation in chronic fatigue syndrome. | chronic fatigue syndrome (cfs) is a debilitating disease characterized by unexplained disabling fatigue and a combination of accompanying symptoms the pathology of which is incompletely understood. many cfs patients complain of gut dysfunction. in fact, patients with cfs are more likely to report a previous diagnosis of irritable bowel syndrome (ibs), a common functional disorder of the gut, and experience ibs-related symptoms. recently, evidence for interactions between the intestinal microbiot ... | 2010 | 20939923 |
| fragment bb: evidence for activation of the alternative pathway of the complement system in pregnant women with acute pyelonephritis. | pyelonephritis during pregnancy is associated with a more severe course than in the non-pregnant state. this has been attributed to an increased susceptibility of pregnant women to microbial products. the complement system is part of innate immunity and its alternative pathway is activated mainly by microorganisms. the purpose of this study was to determine if activation of the alternative pathway of the complement system (determined by maternal fragment bb concentrations) occurs in pregnant wom ... | 2010 | 20218820 |
| multiple antibiotic resistance indexing of coliforms to identify high risk contamination sites in aquatic environment. | bacteriological analysis of the water samples collected from upstream, midstream and downstream points along the bank of the river revealed high populations of escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, citrobacter diversus, enterobacter aerogens and klebsiella species. all these isolates were screened against eight antibiotics to determine the prevalence of multiple antibiotic resistance among isolates at different sites of the river. the study revealed that multiple antibiotic resistance was prom ... | 2010 | 23100831 |
| microglia dynamics and function in the cns. | microglial cells constitute the resident immune cell population of the mammalian central nervous system. one striking feature of these cells is their highly dynamic nature under both normal and pathological brain conditions. the highly branched processes of resting microglia display a constitutive mobility and undergo rapid directional movement towards sites of acute tissue disruption. microglia can be converted by a large number of different stimuli to a chronically activated state by signaling ... | 2010 | 20705452 |
| extended-spectrum-beta-lactamase, ampc, and carbapenemase issues. | | 2010 | 20181902 |
| matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry for direct bacterial identification from positive blood culture pellets. | an ammonium chloride erythrocyte-lysing procedure was used to prepare a bacterial pellet from positive blood cultures for direct matrix-assisted laser desorption-ionization time of flight (maldi-tof) mass spectrometry analysis. identification was obtained for 78.7% of the pellets tested. moreover, 99% of the maldi-tof identifications were congruent at the species level when considering valid scores. this fast and accurate method is promising. | 2010 | 20164269 |
| hydropneumonephroureter and emphysematous cystitis. | | 2010 | 25984135 |
| hydropneumonephroureter and emphysematous cystitis. | | 2010 | 25984135 |
| effective treatment of folliculitis decalvans using selected antimicrobial agents. | folliculitis decalvans (fd) is a rare neutrophilic infammation of the scalp characterized by painful, recurrent purulent follicular exudation resulting in primary cicatricial alopecia. however, unclear etiology makes fd treatment a difficult task. a wide variety of topical and systemic agents have been tried previously, with varied results. we present here a case series report of a set of 13 patients with fd on antimicrobial therapy. | 2010 | 21188019 |
| high prevalence of qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr genes in both water-borne environmental bacteria and clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii in china. | we investigated the prevalence of qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr genes in water-borne environmental bacteria and in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, as well as the subtypes of qnr. environmental bacteria were isolated from surface water samples obtained from 10 different locations in hangzhou city, and clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii were isolated from several hospitals in four cities in china. qnra, qnrb, qnrs, and aac(6')-ib-cr genes were screened using pcr, and the genotypes were ana ... | 2011 | 22791048 |
| high prevalence of qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr genes in both water-borne environmental bacteria and clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii in china. | we investigated the prevalence of qnr and aac(6')-ib-cr genes in water-borne environmental bacteria and in clinical isolates of enterobacteriaceae, as well as the subtypes of qnr. environmental bacteria were isolated from surface water samples obtained from 10 different locations in hangzhou city, and clinical isolates of citrobacter freundii were isolated from several hospitals in four cities in china. qnra, qnrb, qnrs, and aac(6')-ib-cr genes were screened using pcr, and the genotypes were ana ... | 2011 | 22791048 |
| multicenter evaluation of a new dna microarray for rapid detection of clinically relevant bla genes from beta-lactam-resistant gram-negative bacteria. | a new commercial low-density microarray which identifies common extended-spectrum β-lactamase plasmid-mediated cephalosporinase genes, as well as carbapenemase (bla(kpc) and bla(ndm)) genes, was evaluated. we tested 207 clinical and reference/collection isolates of the enterobacteriaceae possessing different bla genes. overall, the sensitivity and specificity of the microarray were 100% for the detection of the plasmid-mediated bla(ampc), bla(kpc), and bla(ndm) genes using bla gene sequencing as ... | 2011 | 21746960 |
| practical approach for reliable detection of ampc beta-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae. | in this prospective study all enterobacteriaceae isolates (n = 2,129) recovered in the clinical microbiology laboratory during october 2009 to april 2010 were analyzed for ampc production. clinical and laboratory standards institute (clsi) cefoxitin and cefotetan susceptibility breakpoints and clsi critical esbl diameters were used to screen for potential ampc producers. in total, 305 isolates (211 potential ampc producers and 94 ampc screen-negative isolates as a control group) were further ana ... | 2011 | 21632895 |
| monitoring procalcitonin in febrile neutropenia: what is its utility for initial diagnosis of infection and reassessment in persistent fever? | management of febrile neutropenic episodes (fe) is challenged by lacking microbiological and clinical documentation of infection. we aimed at evaluating the utility of monitoring blood procalcitonin (pct) in fe for initial diagnosis of infection and reassessment in persistent fever. | 2011 | 21541027 |
| functional characterization of novel mutations in ul54 of ganciclovir resistant hcmv strain using structural analysis. | this study reports the probable impact of the coupled mutations observed in our clinical isolate of hcmv ul54 polymerase, through structural bioinformatics approaches. the reported variant was found to be resistant to ganciclovir (gcv) as per the clinical records. the presence of glutamine deletion at 639 (glu639) and a mis sense mutation of serine 655 leucine (ser655leu) in ul54 were identified by dna sequencing and were predicted to lie in the dna polymerase type-ii domain. docking simulation ... | 2011 | 21383907 |
| can we use imipenem and meropenem vitek 2 mics for detection of suspected kpc and other-carbapenemase producers among species of enterobacteriaceae? | imipenem and meropenem vitek 2 mics were evaluated for a panel of 104 enterobacteriaceae for identification of carbapenemase producers. the sensitivity and specificity values for the new clsi interpretative criteria (clsi document m100-s20-u, 2010) were 98% and 83% for imipenem and 76% and 83% for meropenem, respectively. we propose an algorithm that is highly sensitive (98%) and specific (94%) for carbapenemase screening based on the combined use of imipenem and meropenem mics. | 2011 | 21159944 |
| use of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat sequence polymorphisms for specific detection of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli strains of serotypes o26:h11, o45:h2, o103:h2, o111:h8, o121:h19, o145:h28, and o157:h7 by real-time pcr. | we explored the genetic diversity of the clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeat (crispr) regions of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec) to design simplex real-time pcr assays for each of the seven most important ehec serotypes worldwide. a panel of 958 e. coli strains investigated for their crispr loci by high-throughput real-time pcr showed that crispr polymorphisms in e. coli strongly correlated with both o:h serotypes and the presence of ehec virulence factors (stx and ... | 2012 | 23035199 |
| culture-dependent and -independent investigations of microbial diversity on urinary catheters. | catheter-associated urinary tract infection is caused by bacteria, which ascend the catheter along its external or internal surface to the bladder and subsequently develop into biofilms on the catheter and uroepithelium. antibiotic-treated bacteria and bacteria residing in biofilm can be difficult to culture. in this study we used culture-based and 16s rrna gene-based culture-independent methods (fingerprinting, cloning, and pyrosequencing) to determine the microbial diversity of biofilms on 24 ... | 2012 | 23015674 |
| cellulolytic bacteria in the foregut of the dromedary camel (camelus dromedarius). | foregut digesta from five feral dromedary camels were inoculated into three different enrichment media: cotton thread, filter paper, and neutral detergent fiber. a total of 283 16s rrna gene sequences were assigned to 33 operational taxonomic units by using 99% species-level identity. libshuff revealed significant differences in the community composition across all three libraries. | 2012 | 23042173 |
| a randomized trial of 7-day doripenem versus 10-day imipenem-cilastatin for ventilator-associated pneumonia. | the aim of this study was to compare a 7-day course of doripenem to a 10-day course of imipenem-cilastatin for ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) due to gram-negative bacteria. | 2012 | 23148736 |
| surprises from an unusual clc homolog. | the chloride channel (clc) family is distinctive in that some members are cl(-) ion channels and others are cl(-)/h(+) antiporters. the molecular mechanism that couples h(+) and cl(-) transport in the antiporters remains unknown. our characterization of a novel bacterial homolog from citrobacter koseri, clc-ck2, has yielded surprising discoveries about the requirements for both cl(-) and h(+) transport in clc proteins. first, even though clc-ck2 lacks conserved amino acids near the cl(-)-binding ... | 2012 | 23199933 |
| human monocytes differentiate into dendritic cells subsets that induce anergic and regulatory t cells in sepsis. | sepsis is a multifactorial pathology with high susceptibility to secondary infections. innate and adaptive immunity are affected in sepsis, including monocyte deactivation. | 2012 | 23071758 |
| a connecter-like factor, caca, links rssb/rpos and the cpxr/cpxa two-component system in salmonella. | bacteria integrate numerous environmental stimuli when generating cellular responses. increasing numbers of examples describe how one two-component system (tcs) responds to signals detected by the sensor of another tcs. however, the molecular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly defined. | 2012 | 23031642 |
| comparative genomics of cytr, an unusual member of the laci family of transcription factors. | cytr is a transcription regulator from the laci family, present in some gamma-proteobacteria including escherichia coli and known not only for its cellular role, control of transport and utilization of nucleosides, but for a number of unusual structural properties. the present study addressed three related problems: structure of cytr-binding sites and motifs, their evolutionary conservation, and identification of new members of the cytr regulon. while the majority of cytr-binding sites are imper ... | 2012 | 23028500 |
| diversity, stability and resilience of the human gut microbiota. | trillions of microbes inhabit the human intestine, forming a complex ecological community that influences normal physiology and susceptibility to disease through its collective metabolic activities and host interactions. understanding the factors that underlie changes in the composition and function of the gut microbiota will aid in the design of therapies that target it. this goal is formidable. the gut microbiota is immensely diverse, varies between individuals and can fluctuate over time - es ... | 2012 | 22972295 |
| fluoroquinolone resistance among gram-negative urinary tract pathogens: global smart program results, 2009-2010. | to determine the rates of fluoroquinolone resistant (fqr) in gram-negative bacilli urinary tract infections (utis) in a global population. | 2012 | 23002406 |
| molecular identification and detection of virulence genes among pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from different infectious origins. | pseudomonas aeruginosa possesses a variety of virulence factors that may contribute to its pathogenicity. the aim of this study was to evaluate opri, oprl and toxa genes for pcr identification of clinical p. aeruginosa. in order to find out any relation between special virulence factors and special manifestation of p. aeruginosa infections, we detected virulence factors among these isolates by pcr. ribotyping was used to evaluate the clonal relationship between strains with the same genetic patt ... | 2012 | 23066485 |
| in vitro comparison of nitrofurazone- and silver alloy-coated foley catheters for contact-dependent and diffusible inhibition of urinary tract infection-associated microorganisms. | two marketed antimicrobial-coated foley catheters were compared for in vitro diffusible and contact-dependent inhibition of 11 urinary tract infection-associated microorganisms in an adherence-biofilm assay. nitrofurazone-coated catheters significantly outperformed silver alloy-coated catheters for inhibitory activity, according to both inoculum broth and catheter sonicate counts, whether compared directly or against the corresponding control catheters. although inhibition waned with catheter pr ... | 2012 | 22751541 |
| diversity of the cronobacter genus as revealed by multilocus sequence typing. | cronobacter (previously known as enterobacter sakazakii) is a diverse bacterial genus consisting of seven species: c. sakazakii, c. malonaticus, c. turicensis, c. universalis, c. muytjensii, c. dublinensis, and c. condimenti. in this study, we have used a multilocus sequence typing (mlst) approach employing the alleles of 7 genes (atpd, fusa, glns, gltb, gyrb, infb, and ppsa; total length, 3,036 bp) to investigate the phylogenetic relationship of 325 cronobacter species isolates. strains were ch ... | 2012 | 22785185 |
| identification and characterization of cronobacter iron acquisition systems. | cronobacter spp. are emerging pathogens that cause severe infantile meningitis, septicemia, or necrotizing enterocolitis. contaminated powdered infant formula has been implicated as the source of cronobacter spp. in most cases, but questions still remain regarding the natural habitat and virulence potential for each strain. the iron acquisition systems in 231 cronobacter strains isolated from different sources were identified and characterized. all cronobacter spp. have both the feo and efe syst ... | 2012 | 22706064 |
| integrated next-generation sequencing of 16s rdna and metaproteomics differentiate the healthy urine microbiome from asymptomatic bacteriuria in neuropathic bladder associated with spinal cord injury. | clinical dogma is that healthy urine is sterile and the presence of bacteria with an inflammatory response is indicative of urinary tract infection (uti). asymptomatic bacteriuria (abu) represents the state in which bacteria are present but the inflammatory response is negligible. differentiating abu from uti is diagnostically challenging, but critical because overtreatment of abu can perpetuate antimicrobial resistance while undertreatment of uti can result in increased morbidity and mortality. ... | 2012 | 22929533 |
| reciprocal control between a bacterium's regulatory system and the modification status of its lipopolysaccharide. | gram-negative bacteria often modify their lipopolysaccharide (lps), thereby increasing resistance to antimicrobial agents and avoidance of the host immune system. however, it is unclear how bacteria adjust the levels and activities of lps-modifying enzymes in response to the modification status of their lps. we now address this question by investigating the major regulator of lps modifications in salmonella enterica. we report that the pmra/pmrb system controls expression of a membrane peptide t ... | 2012 | 22921935 |
| ecological adaptation in bacteria: speciation driven by codon selection. | in bacteria, physiological change may be effected by a single gene acquisition, producing ecological differentiation without genetic isolation. natural selection acting on such differences can reduce the frequency of genotypes that arise from recombination at these loci. however, gene acquisition can only account for recombination interference in the fraction of the genome that is tightly linked to the integration site. to identify additional loci that contribute to adaptive differences, we exam ... | 2012 | 22740635 |
| investigation into the physiologies of aeromonas veronii in vitro and inside the digestive tract of the medicinal leech using rna-seq. | host-associated microbial communities are widespread in nature and vital to the health and fitness of the host. deciphering the physiology of the microbiome in vivo is critical to understanding the molecular basis of the symbiosis. recently, the development and application of high-throughput sequencing techniques, particularly rna-seq, for studying microbial communities has enabled researchers to address not only which microbes are present in a given community but also how the community function ... | 2012 | 22983040 |
| rectal screening for klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases: comparison of real-time pcr and culture using two selective screening agar plates. | klebsiella pneumoniae carbapenemases (kpcs) have recently been described in chicago, il, especially among residents of long-term acute care hospitals (ltachs). these patients are frequently transferred to local chicago hospitals for higher acuity of medical care, and rapid detection and isolation of kpc-colonized ltach residents may interrupt the introduction of kpcs into acute care hospitals. we evaluated the performance of a real-time pcr for bla(kpc) from enrichment broth versus direct platin ... | 2012 | 22622443 |
| complete genome sequence of the b12-producing shimwellia blattae strain dsm 4481, isolated from a cockroach. | here we announce the complete genome sequence of the coenzyme b(12)-producing enteric bacterium shimwellia blattae (formerly escherichia blattae). the genome consists of a single chromosome (4,158,636 bp). the genome size is smaller than that of most other enteric bacteria. genome comparison revealed significant differences from the escherichia coli genome. | 2012 | 22843577 |
| evaluation of a therapeutic vaccine for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections versus prophylactic treatment with antibiotics. | urinary tract infections (utis) are considered the most common bacterial infections, especially in women. the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the sublingual bacterial vaccine uromune® in order to prevent recurrent utis (rutis). | 2012 | 22806485 |
| evaluation of a therapeutic vaccine for the prevention of recurrent urinary tract infections versus prophylactic treatment with antibiotics. | urinary tract infections (utis) are considered the most common bacterial infections, especially in women. the objective of this study was to evaluate the use of the sublingual bacterial vaccine uromune® in order to prevent recurrent utis (rutis). | 2012 | 22806485 |
| prevalence of extended spectrum beta-lactamase production among uropathogens in south mumbai and its antibiogram pattern. | β-lactams are the most widely used group of antimicrobials. however, increasing resistance to these valuable drugs in uropathogens, mediated principally by β-lactamases, has become a major concern. the present study was undertaken to determine the prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producers in clinical isolates of urine specimens, collected from various healthcare centres across south mumbai. a total of 195 gram negative urine isolates were identified as pseudomonas aeruginosa ( ... | 2012 | 27418912 |
| accessibility and conservation: general features of bacterial small rna-mrna interactions? | bacterial small rnas (srnas) are a class of structural rnas that often regulate mrna targets via post-transcriptional base pair interactions. we determined features that discriminate functional from non-functional interactions and assessed the influence of these features on genome-wide target predictions. for this purpose, we compiled a set of 71 experimentally verified srna-target pairs from escherichia coli and salmonella enterica. furthermore, we collected full-length 5' untranslated regions ... | 2012 | 22767260 |
| n-acetylgalactosamine utilization pathway and regulon in proteobacteria: genomic reconstruction and experimental characterization in shewanella. | we used a comparative genomics approach to reconstruct the n-acetyl-d-galactosamine (galnac) and galactosamine (galn) utilization pathways and transcriptional regulons in proteobacteria. the reconstructed galnac/galn utilization pathways include multiple novel genes with specific functional roles. most of the pathway variations were attributed to the amino sugar transport, phosphorylation, and deacetylation steps, whereas the downstream catabolic enzymes in the pathway were largely conserved. th ... | 2012 | 22711537 |
| risk factors for small bowel bacterial overgrowth and diagnostic yield of duodenal aspirates in children with intestinal failure: a retrospective review. | children with intestinal failure (if) are at risk for small bowel bacterial overgrowth (sbbo) because of anatomical and other factors. we sought to identify risk factors for sbbo confirmed by quantitative duodenal culture. | 2012 | 22703785 |
| automated pangenomic analysis in target selection for pcr detection and identification of bacteria by use of ssgenefinder webserver and its application to salmonella enterica serovar typhi. | with the advent of high-throughput dna sequencing, more than 4,000 bacterial genomes have been sequenced and are publicly available. we report a user-friendly web platform, ssgenefinder webserver (http://147.8.74.24/ssgenefinder/), which is updated weekly for the automated pangenomic selection of specific targets for direct pcr detection and the identification of clinically important bacteria without the need of gene sequencing. to apply the ssgenefinder webserver for identifying specific target ... | 2012 | 22442318 |
| pretransplant fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae and infection after liver transplant, france. | extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae isolates (esble) are emerging pathogens that confer resistance to antimicrobial drugs. we conducted a 10-year study in france (january 2001-april 2010) to investigate the incidence of and risk factors for esble infections after liver transplant. of 710 transplant patients screened preoperatively for esble fecal carriage, 5.5% had esble infection develop within 4 months after surgery; patients with pretransplant esble fecal carriage were ... | 2012 | 22607885 |
| upper respiratory tract colonization by gram-negative rods in patients with chronic lymphocytic leukemia: analysis of risk factors. | the aim of the study was to assess the frequency and predisposing factors of colonization of upper respiratory tract by gram-negative rods (gnrs) in chronic lymphocytic leukemia (cll) patients. antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains was determined. a significantly higher frequency of gnr colonization in cll patients was observed (36.7%) in comparison to healthy volunteers (8.3%). gnr isolates mainly belonged to the enterobacteriaceae family. three isolates of gnr demonstrating pres ... | 2012 | 22606052 |
| high load of multi-drug resistant nosocomial neonatal pathogens carried by cockroaches in a neonatal intensive care unit at tikur anbessa specialized hospital, addis ababa, ethiopia. | | 2012 | 22958880 |
| sepsis, meningitis and cerebral abscesses caused by citrobacter koseri. | after a 36-week diamniotic dichorionic gestation, an infant was delivered by elective caesarean section due to growth restriction and altered diastolic flow in the umbilical artery. birth weight was 2140 g. the patient was admitted for exclusive parenteral nutrition, with umbilical venous catheter placement. sinus tachycardia and temperature instability with positive inflammatory markers occurred at 51 h. penicillin and gentamicin were started, but 6 h later septic shock with disseminated intrav ... | 2012 | 22665908 |
| autotransplantation of culture-positive islet product: is dirty always bad? | in selected patients, total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (tpiat) effectively relieves pain caused by chronic pancreatitis and ameliorates the brittle diabetes of the apancreatic state. patients often undergo multiple endoscopic and surgical interventions prior to tpiat, increasing the risk for pancreas colonization with enteric microorganisms. little is known of the safety of transplanting islet cells with microbial contamination. | 2013 | 24308511 |
| autotransplantation of culture-positive islet product: is dirty always bad? | in selected patients, total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (tpiat) effectively relieves pain caused by chronic pancreatitis and ameliorates the brittle diabetes of the apancreatic state. patients often undergo multiple endoscopic and surgical interventions prior to tpiat, increasing the risk for pancreas colonization with enteric microorganisms. little is known of the safety of transplanting islet cells with microbial contamination. | 2013 | 24308511 |
| gas chromatography analysis with olfactometric detection (gc-o) as a useful methodology for chemical characterization of odorous compounds. | the gas chromatography-olfactometry (gc-o) technique couples traditional gas chromatographic analysis with sensory detection in order to study complex mixtures of odorous substances and to identify odor active compounds. the gc-o technique is already widely used for the evaluation of food aromas and its application in environmental fields is increasing, thus moving the odor emission assessment from the solely olfactometric evaluations to the characterization of the volatile components responsibl ... | 2013 | 24316571 |
| a new protocol to detect multiple foodborne pathogens with pcr dipstick dna chromatography after a six-hour enrichment culture in a broad-range food pathogen enrichment broth. | a quick foodborne pathogen screening method after six-hour enrichment culture with a broad-range food pathogen enrichment broth is described. pathogenic factors of salmonella enterica, shigella spp., enteroinvasive escherichia coli, and enterohemorrhagic e. coli are amplified with a cocktail primer and rapid polymerase chain reaction (pcr), which finishes amplification in 30 min. the pcr amplicon was differentiated with a dipstick dna chromatography assay in 5-10 min. starting from a four- to si ... | 2013 | 24364031 |
| conventional and molecular investigation of shigella isolates in relation to an outbreak in the area of isfahan, iran. | over 165 million cases of shigellosis occur in the world each year, mostly in developing countries. outbreaks of shigellosis are associated with poor sanitation, natural calamities, contaminated food and crowded living conditions. in late summer 2006, during the final stage of an outbreak of shigellosis at a vast region of isfahan province, naein & ardestan, our laboratory was assigned to investigate the outbreak in order to determine the causative agent. | 2013 | 25848502 |
| evaluation of the βlacta test, a rapid test detecting resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in clinical strains of enterobacteriaceae. | for decades, third-generation cephalosporins (3gc) have been major drugs used to treat infections due to enterobacteriaceae; growing resistance to these antibiotics makes the rapid detection of such resistance important. the βlacta test is a chromogenic test developed for detecting 3gc-resistant isolates from cultures on solid media within 15 min. a multicenter prospective study conducted in 5 french and belgian hospitals evaluated the performance of this test on clinical isolates. based on anti ... | 2013 | 24068012 |
| antimicrobial activity of ceftolozane-tazobactam tested against enterobacteriaceae and pseudomonas aeruginosa with various resistance patterns isolated in u.s. hospitals (2011-2012). | ceftolozane/tazobactam, a novel antimicrobial agent with activity against pseudomonas aeruginosa (including drug-resistant strains) and other common gram-negative pathogens (including most extended-spectrum-β-lactamase [esbl]-producing enterobacteriaceae strains), and comparator agents were susceptibility tested by a reference broth microdilution method against 7,071 enterobacteriaceae and 1,971 p. aeruginosa isolates. isolates were collected consecutively from patients in 32 medical centers acr ... | 2013 | 24100499 |
| voided midstream urine culture and acute cystitis in premenopausal women. | the cause of acute uncomplicated cystitis is determined on the basis of cultures of voided midstream urine, but few data guide the interpretation of such results, especially when gram-positive bacteria grow. | 2013 | 24224622 |
| high levels of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases in a major teaching hospital in ghana: the need for regular monitoring and evaluation of antibiotic resistance. | infections with bacteria producing extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (esbls) are increasing across africa. this study reports on esbl-producing enterobacteriaceae as significant causes of infections and antibiotic resistance at korle-bu teaching hospital in accra, ghana. of 300 isolates examined, 49.3% produced esbls. the prevalence of esbls was significantly high among isolates from neonates (28 of 43, 65.1%; relative risk = 1.62, 95% confidence interval = 1.33-2.13, p = 0.002) and adult patien ... | 2013 | 24043693 |
| orbital cellulitis following silicone-sponge scleral buckles. | acute or chronic infection of the scleral explant is rare. we report seven cases of scleral explant infections that caused orbital cellulitis. | 2013 | 24204118 |
| a small rna activates cfa synthase by isoform-specific mrna stabilization. | small rnas use a diversity of well-characterized mechanisms to repress mrnas, but how they activate gene expression at the mrna level remains not well understood. the predominant activation mechanism of hfq-associated small rnas has been translational control whereby base pairing with the target prevents the formation of an intrinsic inhibitory structure in the mrna and promotes translation initiation. here, we report a translation-independent mechanism whereby the small rna rydc selectively act ... | 2013 | 24141880 |
| identification of concurrent bacterial infection in adult patients with dengue. | we aim to construct a diagnostic model for bacterial coinfection in dengue patients (dengue dual infection score [ddis]); 2,065 adult dengue patients (mean age = 41.9 ± 17.2 years, 58.4% male, 83 patients with bacterial coinfection) seen at a university hospital from january of 2005 to february of 2010 were studied. the ddis was created by assigning one point to each of five risk factors for bacterial coinfection: pulse rate ≥ 90 beats/minute, total white cell count ≥ 6 × 10(9)/l, hematocrit < 4 ... | 2013 | 23980129 |
| hepatic portal venous gas: comparison of two cases. | context. hepatic portal venous gas (hpvg) is a rare and sinister finding. its mortality is associated with the underlying causative condition. when secondary to bowel ischaemia, mortality rates exceed 50%. case report. two cases of hpvg are described. one case describes hpvg in association with gastric ischaemia, with complete resolution following conservative management. the second case describes hpvg in association with widespread intra-abdominal ischaemia, with resultant mortality. conclusion ... | 2013 | 24223320 |
| application of potential phosphate-solubilizing bacteria and organic acids on phosphate solubilization from phosphate rock in aerobic rice. | a study was conducted at universiti putra malaysia to determine the effect of phosphate-solubilizing bacteria (psb) and organic acids (oxalic & malic) on phosphate (p) solubilization from phosphate rock (pr) and growth of aerobic rice. four rates of each organic acid (0, 10, 20, and 30 mm), and psb strain (bacillus sp.) were applied to aerobic rice. total bacterial populations, amount of p solubilization, p uptake, soil ph, and root morphology were determined. the results of the study showed sig ... | 2013 | 24288473 |
| trends in human fecal carriage of extended-spectrum β-lactamases in the community: toward the globalization of ctx-m. | in the last 10 years, extended-spectrum β-lactamase-producing enterobacteria (esbl-e) have become one of the main challenges for antibiotic treatment of enterobacterial infections, largely because of the current ctx-m enzyme pandemic. however, most studies have focused on hospitalized patients, though today it appears that the community is strongly affected as well. we therefore decided to devote our investigation to trends in esbl-e fecal carriage rates and comprehensively reviewed data from st ... | 2013 | 24092853 |
| curli biogenesis: order out of disorder. | many bacteria assemble extracellular amyloid fibers on their cell surface. secretion of proteins across membranes and the assembly of complex macromolecular structures must be highly coordinated to avoid the accumulation of potentially toxic intracellular protein aggregates. extracellular amyloid fiber assembly poses an even greater threat to cellular health due to the highly aggregative nature of amyloids and the inherent toxicity of amyloid assembly intermediates. therefore, temporal and spati ... | 2013 | 24080089 |
| curli biogenesis: order out of disorder. | many bacteria assemble extracellular amyloid fibers on their cell surface. secretion of proteins across membranes and the assembly of complex macromolecular structures must be highly coordinated to avoid the accumulation of potentially toxic intracellular protein aggregates. extracellular amyloid fiber assembly poses an even greater threat to cellular health due to the highly aggregative nature of amyloids and the inherent toxicity of amyloid assembly intermediates. therefore, temporal and spati ... | 2013 | 24080089 |
| antimicrobial and herbal drug resistance in enteric bacteria isolated from faecal droppings of common house lizard/gecko (hemidactylus frenatus). | from 194 faecal dropping samples of common house geckos collected from offices (60), houses (88), integrated farm units (ifs,18) and hostels, guest houses, and dining rooms of different canteen/mess (hgm, 28), 326 bacterial isolates of enteric bacteria belonging to 17 genera and 34 species were detected. escherichia coli were the most frequently (39) isolated followed by citrobacter freundii (33), klebsiella pneumonia (27), salmonella indica (12), enterobacter gergoviae (12), and ent. agglomeran ... | 2013 | 24223595 |
| genetic characterization of atypical citrobacter freundii. | the ability of a bacterial population to survive in different niches, as well as in stressful and rapidly changing environmental conditions, depends greatly on its genetic content. to survive such fluctuating conditions, bacteria have evolved different mechanisms to modulate phenotypic variations and related strategies to produce high levels of genetic diversity. laboratories working in microbiological diagnosis have shown that citrobacter freundii is very versatile in its colony morphology, as ... | 2013 | 24069274 |
| pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia in two uk district hospitals. | pseudomonas aeruginosa bacteraemia is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. we retrospectively studied the epidemiology of bacteraemia due to p. aeruginosa in two uk district hospitals so as to determine prevention strategies and assess the efficacy and compliance with local hospital antibiotic guidelines. eighty six episodes occurred in 85 patients over the 3 year period. there was a year on year increase in bacteraemias, due predominantly to an increased proportion of community- ... | 2013 | 24470955 |
| the nad-dependent deacetylase sirtuin 2 is a suppressor of microglial activation and brain inflammation. | deleterious sustained inflammation mediated by activated microglia is common to most of neurologic disorders. here, we identified sirtuin 2 (sirt2), an abundant deacetylase in the brain, as a major inhibitor of microglia-mediated inflammation and neurotoxicity. sirt2-deficient mice (sirt2(-/-)) showed morphological changes in microglia and an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines upon intracortical injection of lipopolysaccharide (lps). this response was associated with increased nitrotyrosinat ... | 2013 | 24013120 |
| antibiotic-resistant escherichia coli in women with acute cystitis in canada. | trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole (tmp-smx) has been a traditional first-line antibiotic treatment for acute cystitis; however, guidelines do not recommend tmp-smx in regions where escherichia coli resistance exceeds 20%. while resistance is increasing, there are no recent canadian estimates from a primary care setting to guide prescribing decisions. | 2013 | 24421825 |
| genetic characteristics of ctx-m-type extended-spectrum-β-lactamase (esbl)-producing enterobacteriaceae involved in mastitis cases on japanese dairy farms, 2007 to 2011. | sixty-five ctx-m-2/15/14 extended-spectrum-β-lactamase-producing enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 258,888 mastitic milk samples from japanese dairy farms between 2007 and 2011. ctx-m-2-producing klebsiella pneumoniae and ctx-m-15-producing escherichia coli were the predominant strains isolated. there was no predominant clonal type, and clonal diversity was found even in strains isolated from a single farm. | 2013 | 23843488 |
| an rpos-dependent srna regulates the expression of a chaperone involved in protein folding. | small noncoding rnas (srnas) are usually expressed in the cell to face a variety of stresses. in this report we disclose the first target for sral (also known as ryja), a srna present in many bacteria, which is highly induced in stationary phase. we also demonstrate that this srna is directly transcribed by the major stress σ factor σ(s) (rpos) in salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. we show that sral srna down-regulates the expression of the chaperone trigger factor (tf), encoded by the tig ... | 2013 | 23893734 |
| heterogeneity among septic shock patients in a set of immunoregulatory markers. | immune activation is a regular feature of sepsis, but the incidence and nature of the ensuing inflammation-resolving and immunosuppressive component is less well understood. in this study, we compared immunoregulatory markers on blood leukocytes from patients with gram-negative or gram-positive sepsis or septic shock, and compared this to blood from patients with severe virosis or healthy controls. to this end, blood from 32 patients with sepsis, including ten cases with shock, and 12 patients w ... | 2013 | 23990136 |
| heterogeneity among septic shock patients in a set of immunoregulatory markers. | immune activation is a regular feature of sepsis, but the incidence and nature of the ensuing inflammation-resolving and immunosuppressive component is less well understood. in this study, we compared immunoregulatory markers on blood leukocytes from patients with gram-negative or gram-positive sepsis or septic shock, and compared this to blood from patients with severe virosis or healthy controls. to this end, blood from 32 patients with sepsis, including ten cases with shock, and 12 patients w ... | 2013 | 23990136 |
| a study on the ampc production amongst the urinary enterobacteriaceae isolates. | | 2013 | 24086931 |
| the microbiological profile of lacrimal abscess: two decades of experience from a tertiary eye care center. | the aim of this study is to exclusively report the microbiological spectrum of lacrimal abscess and the antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the organisms. retrospective interventional study on 112 eyes of 112 patients who presented to the ophthalmic plastic clinic of a tertiary eye care center over a period of 23 years from january 1990 to february 2013 with lacrimal abscess were reviewed for demographic and microbiological profile. the culture results, organisms isolated, and their antibiotic se ... | 2013 | 23889760 |
| a riboswitch-regulated antisense rna in listeria monocytogenes. | riboswitches are ligand-binding elements located in 5' untranslated regions of messenger rnas, which regulate expression of downstream genes. in listeria monocytogenes, a vitamin b12-binding (b12) riboswitch was identified, not upstream of a gene but downstream, and antisense to the adjacent gene, pocr, suggesting it might regulate pocr in a nonclassical manner. in salmonella enterica, pocr is a transcription factor that is activated by 1,2-propanediol, and subsequently activates expression of t ... | 2013 | 23878253 |
| interplay between siderophores and colibactin genotoxin biosynthetic pathways in escherichia coli. | in escherichia coli, the biosynthetic pathways of several small iron-scavenging molecules known as siderophores (enterobactin, salmochelins and yersiniabactin) and of a genotoxin (colibactin) are known to require a 4'-phosphopantetheinyl transferase (pptase). only two pptases have been clearly identified: entd and clba. the gene coding for entd is part of the core genome of e. coli, whereas clba is encoded on the pks pathogenicity island which codes for colibactin. interestingly, the pks island ... | 2013 | 23853582 |
| bacterial community structure and functional contributions to emergence of health or necrotizing enterocolitis in preterm infants. | preterm infants represent a unique patient population that is born functionally immature and must accomplish development under the influence of a hospital environment. neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is an inflammatory intestinal disorder affecting preterm infants. the purpose of this study was to evaluate the progression of intestinal microbiota community development between preterm infants who remained healthy compared to preterm infants who developed nec. | 2013 | 24450928 |
| characterization of qnrb-like genes in citrobacter species of the american type culture collection. | among five american type culture collection (atcc) citrobacter strains, qnrb60 in citrobacter freundii atcc 6879, an isolate from the preantibiotic era, and qnrb61 in citrobacter braakii atcc 51113(t), a type strain belonging to the c. freundii complex, were identified. meanwhile, a truncated qnrb-like pseudogene was identified in c. freundii atcc 8090(t) and atcc 43864. no qnrb-like sequence was found in citrobacter koseri atcc 27028(t). these findings underscore the close relationship between ... | 2013 | 23529729 |
| rapid diagnosis of bloodstream infections with pcr followed by mass spectrometry. | achieving a rapid microbiological diagnosis is crucial for decreasing morbidity and mortality of patients with a bloodstream infection, as it leads to the administration of an appropriate empiric antimicrobial therapy. molecular methods may offer a rapid alternative to conventional microbiological diagnosis involving blood culture. in this study, the performance of a new technology that uses broad-spectrum pcr coupled with mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-ms) was evaluated for the detection of microor ... | 2013 | 23626775 |
| multidrug resistant citrobacter: an unusual cause of liver abscess. | liver abscesses are infectious, space occupying lesions in the liver, the two most common abscesses being pyogenic and amoebic. a pyogenic liver abscess (pla) is a rare condition with a reported incidence of 20 per 100 000 hospital admissions in the western population. the right lobe of the liver is the most common site in both types of liver abscess. clinical presentation is elusive with complaints of fever, right upper quadrant pain in the abdomen and hepatomegaly with or without jaundice. the ... | 2013 | 23608848 |
| a genomic day in the life of a clinical microbiology laboratory. | next-generation sequencing technology is available to many clinical laboratories; however, it is not yet widely used in routine microbiology practice. to demonstrate the feasibility of using whole-genome sequencing in a routine clinical microbiology workflow, we sequenced the genome of every organism isolated in our laboratory for 1 day. | 2013 | 23345298 |
| outcomes in uk patients with hospital-acquired bacteraemia and the risk of catheter-associated urinary tract infections. | there is lack of contemporary outcome data on patients with hospital-acquired infections that cause bacteraemia. we determined the risk factors for 7-day mortality and investigated the hypothesis that, compared with central venous catheter (cvc)-associated bacteraemic infections, catheter-associated bacteraemic urinary tract infections (utis) were significantly associated with 7-day mortality. | 2013 | 23520064 |
| citrobacter koseri: an unusual cause of pyogenic liver abscess. | liver abscess is a common pathology in the indian subcontinent and usually results from amoebic or bacterial infection. pyogenic abscesses usually occur in those with underlying predisposing factors like intra-abdominal infections, biliary infections or comorbidities like malignancy, immunosuppression, diabetes mellitus and previous biliary surgery or interventional endoscopy. citrobacter is an unusual cause of pyogenic liver abscess and may occur in the setting of underlying comorbidities. we r ... | 2013 | 23505286 |
| prevalence of urinary colonization by extended spectrum-beta-lactamase enterobacteriaceae among catheterised inpatients in italian long term care facilities. | long term care facilities (ltcfs) play a key role in guaranteeing care to patients in developed countries. many patients, mostly elderly, access ltcfs at some time in their lives, and their healthcare pathways often require them to move back and forth between hospital and outpatient settings. these patterns bring about new challenges regarding infection control, especially healthcare associated infections. | 2013 | 23497323 |
| downregulation of yidc in escherichia coli by antisense rna expression results in sensitization to antibacterial essential oils eugenol and carvacrol. | the rising drug resistance in pathogenic bacteria and inefficiency of current antibiotics to meet clinical requirements has augmented the need to establish new and innovative approaches for antibacterial drug discovery involving identification of novel antibacterial targets and inhibitors. being obligatory for bacterial growth, essential gene products are considered vital as drug targets. the bacterial protein yidc is highly conserved among pathogens and is essential for membrane protein inserti ... | 2013 | 23469191 |
| bacterial colonization and resistance patterns in 133 patients undergoing a primary hip- or knee replacement in southern sweden. | prosthetic joint infections can be caused by bacteria derived from the patient's skin. the aim of the study was: (1) to determine which bacteria colonize the nose and groin in patients planned for primary hip or knee arthroplasty, (2) to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns, and (3) to monitor changes in bacterial colonization and resistance patterns connected to surgery. | 2013 | 23409844 |
| comparison of surface swab and quantitative biopsy cultures dependent on isolated microorganisms from burn wounds. | infections are one of the most important and potentially serious complications of burn wounds. quantitative biopsy cultures are useful for showing that a burn wound infection is not present, but these cultures are not useful for showing that an infection is present. swab cultures are used to diagnosis surface colonization and may not accurately reflect the organism(s) causing the wound infection. | 2013 | 25610245 |
| iron induces bimodal population development by escherichia coli. | bacterial biofilm formation is a complex developmental process involving cellular differentiation and the formation of intricate 3d structures. here we demonstrate that exposure to ferric chloride triggers rugose biofilm formation by the uropathogenic escherichia coli strain uti89 and by enteric bacteria citrobacter koseri and salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. two unique and separable cellular populations emerge in iron-triggered, rugose biofilms. bacteria at the air-biofilm interface exp ... | 2013 | 23359678 |
| antibiotic rotation for febrile neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies: clinical significance of antibiotic heterogeneity. | our unit adopted the single administration of cefepime as the initial treatment for febrile episodes in neutropenic patients with hematological malignancies. however, recently, cefepime-resistant gram-negative bacteremia, including those with extended-spectrum β-lactamase (esbl)-producers, was frequently observed in these patients. therefore, we instituted a rotation of primary antibiotics for febrile neutropenic patients in an attempt to control antibiotic resistance. | 2013 | 23372683 |
| mara, soxs and rob of escherichia coli - global regulators of multidrug resistance, virulence and stress response. | bacteria have a great capacity for adjusting their metabolism in response to environmental changes by linking extracellular stimuli to the regulation of genes by transcription factors. by working in a co-operative manner, transcription factors provide a rapid response to external threats, allowing the bacteria to survive. this review will focus on transcription factors mara, soxs and rob in escherichia coli, three members of the arac family of proteins. these homologous proteins exemplify the ab ... | 2013 | 24860636 |