[protective properties of vi-antigen preparations as dependent on their adhesin content]. | adhesins contained in the preparation of vi-antigen have been found to enhance its immunogenic and protective properties. in the preparations of vi-antigen obtained from salmonella typhi and citrobacter freundii the presence of two antigenic determinants has been revealed. one of them is associated with the vi-receptor and the other determinant, with adhesin. both determinants take part in the protection of mice from salmonella infection. | 1988 | 2469269 |
effects of interferons, interferon inducers and growth factors on phagocytosis measured by quantitative determination of synthetic compound ingested by mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. | sodium salt of 9-oxo-10-acridineacetohydroxamic acid (hca), a new synthetic compound, forms small crystals in aqueous solution. these crystals were easily phagocytized by the mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages. the ingested hca crystals were visible under light microscope as dark granules. the degree of phagocytosis was estimated by the spectroscopic measurements of absorption of ingested hca. about 10 day-old cultures of mouse bone marrow-derived macrophages were found to be suitable for a s ... | 1988 | 2478100 |
mobilization of r387 inc k conjugative plasmid by the conjugative plasmid r64 inc i. | plasmid aggregate (r387, r64) was constructed in e. coli k12 strain. plasmid r387 inc k was stimulated to conjugational transfer by plasmid r64 inc i. this stimulation was caused neither by recombination between both plasmids nor by trans-complementation of r387 conjugational systems by gene(s) product(s) of r64 plasmid. the observed phenomenon resembled rather mobilization of nonconjugative plasmids by conjugative ones. as in mobilization, the observed increase in r387 transfer frequency could ... | 1989 | 2482657 |
genetic properties of plasmids isolated from pathogenic strain of citrobacter freundii. | it was found that citrobacter freundii slj10 strain was an etiological factor of swine diarrhoea in north poland. this strain harboured a plasmid aggregate consisting of two plasmids-pem4 responsible for virulence and pem6 for selective advantage of the strain, determining resistance to tetracycline and production of bacteriocin. these two plasmids cooperated in conjugal transfer and formed an infective block of genetic information, which could be transferred to other strains of enterobacteriace ... | 1989 | 2482661 |
[gram-negative flora of horticultural produce destined for consumption mainly in the raw state]. | a survey has been carried out to evaluate the recovery of enterobacteriaceae in freshly consumed horticultural products. 64 samples of these vegetables random chosen in different stores in the general vegetable market of ferrara have been examined among the families of compositae (lettuce, prickly lettuce, cabbage lettuce, common chicory, artichoke), umbrelliferae (curly parsley, carrot, celery, fennel), cruciferae (garden cabbage, red radish), liliaceae (onion), and solanaceae (tomato). 654 bac ... | 1989 | 2483908 |
effectiveness of single daily intraperitoneal administration of aztreonam and cefuroxime in the treatment of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd). | to discover if the management of peritonitis in continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (capd) may be effectively simplified by single daily i.p. administration of aztreonam (a) and cefuroxime (c), 10 adult capd patients (pts) with peritonitis were trained to start the following treatment procedure: a) sterile collection of dialysate effluent for cultures; b) 4 rapid in-and-out exchanges with antibiotic free dialysate; c) addition of 2 g c and 2 g a to a 2-l exchange for 6-h dwell time (the sa ... | 1989 | 2488380 |
[the rapid identification of e. coli by the detection of 3 enzymes]. | 232 isolates of gram-negative, oxidase-negative bacteria, isolated from various samples of different animal species, were tested with help of rapidec coli for the production of beta-glucuronidase, beta-galactosidase and indole. the test correctly identified 164 of 175 e. coli strains (sensitivity 93.7%) and correctly indicated that 57 of 57 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae (7 citrobacter sp., 18 enterobacter sp., 16 klebsiella sp., 10 proteus sp., 2 providencia sp. and 4 salmonella sp.) ... | 1989 | 2497726 |
evaluation of a disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa. | a modified disk approximation test of inducible beta-lactamases in enterobacteriacae and pseudomonas aeruginosa was evaluated. the amount of inducer was adapted to produce the smallest possible zone of inhibition and the distance between the centre of the disks was standardized. among several beta-lactam antibiotic disks tested, imipenem (0.06 microgram per disk) or cefoxitin (10 micrograms per disk) placed at a distance of 14-16 mm from a cefotaxime disk (30 micrograms) most efficiently reveale ... | 1989 | 2497754 |
activity of cefepime against ceftazidime- and cefotaxime-resistant gram-negative bacteria and its relationship to beta-lactamase levels. | one hundred clinical isolates resistant to ceftazidime and/or cefotaxime were examined for susceptibility to cefepime. the most frequently encountered ceftazidime-cefotaxime-resistant strains belonged to the genera enterobacter, pseudomonas, and citrobacter. among these strains, 92% were resistant to cefoperazone, 91% were resistant to cefotaxime, 84% were resistant to ceftazidime, and 6% were resistant to cefepime. of the members of the family enterobacteriaceae, 57% were resistant to ceftriaxo ... | 1989 | 2499250 |
[determination of 3,4-dioxyphenyl-l-alanine by spectrophotometric and chromatographic methods in enzymatic synthesis using microbial cells]. | a possibility of using the ninhydrin reaction for 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine (dopa) determining during the synthesis from pyrocatechol and ammonium pyruvate was verified by using free and immobilized cells of citrobacter freundii, st. 62. spectrophotometric assay was performed at the adsorption maximum for the dopa-ninhydrin complex at 390 nm. dopa can be reliably quantified in the presence of all components at 20-fold and greater dilution of the reaction mixture. a high-sensitive quantitativ ... | 1989 | 2500647 |
microbiological quality and public health significance of ice-cream. | fifty samples of ice-cream were subjected to microbiological examination. of these 72% had total viable count over 10(6)/g while 66% had coliform count between 10(2)-10(3)/g. the micro-organisms isolated were escherichia coli (46%), enterobacter aerogenes (34%), staphylococcus aureus (26%), proteus species (16%), streptococcus faecalis (12%), citrobacter species (10%) and bacillus cereus (4%). the results showed that commercially prepared ice-cream sold in the market was not satisfactory for hum ... | 1989 | 2501524 |
rapid impedance detection of salmonellas in confectionery using modified licnr broth. | a commercially available broth, with the addition of inhibitors, was used for the rapid impediometric detection of salmonellas in confectionery. pre-enrichment in skimmed milk was followed by lysine-iron-cystine-neutral red broth in a bactometer 123 system. results were obtained 3 d earlier than is possible with conventional microbiological tests. some false positives were obtained predominantly with citrobacter freundii, but this problem is also frequently encountered with traditional methods. ... | 1989 | 2502528 |
the activity and reaction specificity of tyrosine phenol-lyase regulated by monovalent cations. | this work was aimed at studying the effect of monovalent inorganic cations (li+, na+, k+, rb+, cs+, nh+4) on the catalytic and spectral characteristics of tyrosine phenol-lyase from citrobacter intermedius. these cations were shown to influence the proportion of the beta-elimination reaction rate to the rate of side transamination reaction. most of the monovalent cations are non-competitive activators of the beta-elimination reaction; li+ exerts no effect on the enzyme activity in this reaction; ... | 1989 | 2503062 |
detection of extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamases in enterobacteriaceae in four french hospitals. | in 210 strains of enterobacteriaceae which were isolated in four hospitals and which showed reduced susceptibility to cefotaxime, high synergy was demonstrated between amoxicillin (20 micrograms) + clavulanate (10 micrograms) and cefotaxime (30 micrograms) using a simple double-disk test. isoelectric focusing on gel and specific iodometric detection using ceftriaxone identified four extended broad-spectrum beta-lactamases (isoelectric points 7.6, 6.3, 7.0 and 5.9) produced by the strains. | 1989 | 2504594 |
urinary tract infection. | over two years, 9892 mid-stream urine samples from patients attending the aga khan university hospital, karachi were cultured. significant bacterial growth was seen in 23.5% samples. further identification of these organisms revealed 40% of e. coli, 16% pseudomonas aeruginosa, 11% klebsiella aerogenes, 5.0% enterobacter sp., 13% proteus sp., 4.0% serratia liquifaciens, 1.0% acinetobacter sp., 3.0% citrobacter sp., 4.0% enterococci, 0.5% staphylococcus aureus. results of sensitivity tests perform ... | 1989 | 2504948 |
high-level expression of the colicin a lysis protein. | two plasmids that overproduce the colicin a lysis proteins, cal, are described. plasmid at1 was constructed by a deletion in the colicin a operon, which placed the cal gene near a truncated caa gene in such a way that both gene products wer synthesized at high levels following induction. plasmid ck4 was constructed by insertion of the cal gene downstream from the tac promoter of an expression vector. overproduction of cal was obtained after mitomycin c induction of pat1 cells and after iptg indu ... | 1989 | 2505057 |
synergy of fluoroquinolones with other antimicrobial agents. | synergy resulting from the combination of ciprofloxacin and an antipseudomonal penicillin has been reported for 20%-50% of isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa. a similar effect has also been reported for the combination of ciprofloxacin and fosfomycin. in contrast, the combination of quinolones and aminoglycosides rarely showed synergy when tested against p. aeruginosa. most studies have shown that the combination of beta-lactams or aminoglycosides with quinolones is indifferent against escherich ... | 1989 | 2505355 |
in vitro activity of pd 117596-2, a broad-spectrum difluoroquinolone. | the activity of pd 117596-2, a novel quinolone, was compared to that of other quinolones, ceftazidime, imipenem and gentamicin. pd 117596-2 inhibited most enterobacteriaceae at concentrations less than 0.25 micrograms/ml, being equal or superior in activity to ciprofloxacin and 2- to 4-fold more active than ofloxacin. it inhibited ceftazidime-resistant enterobacter spp., citrobacter spp. and serratia marcescens. the mic90 for pseudomonas aeruginosa, including strains with imipenem mics of 8 micr ... | 1989 | 2506029 |
characterization of the salmonella paratyphi c vi polysaccharide. | the vi capsular polysaccharide (vi) is both a virulence factor and a protective antigen of salmonella typhi; its pathogenic role for salmonella paratyphi c is less well understood. we found no differences between the antigenic and immunogenic properties and the structure of the vi from representative strains of s. paratyphi c, s. typhi, and citrobacter freundii. there were, however, differences in both the amount produced per cell and the degree of association with the cell among the vi from the ... | 1989 | 2506132 |
[susceptibility of clinical isolates to aztreonam]. | in vitro antibacterial activities of 9 antibiotics including aztreonam (azt) against clinically isolated gram-negative bacteria were determined using mic-2000 plus system. bacteria were isolated from clinical materials in saga medical school during a period from may 1987 to march 1988. summarized results were as follows: 1. azt showed excellent antibacterial activities against escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, proteus sp. and haemophilus influenzae, and mic80 values of azt against these o ... | 1989 | 2507799 |
[study on bacterial infection by the investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of various clinical isolates. iii. comparison of drug susceptibility between the isolates from the materials of out- and in-patients, and among the isolates from the materials of different hospital units]. | antimicrobial agents susceptibility of 42, 940 strains of clinical isolates (from 1979 to 1986) were investigated and the data were analyzed on the basis of the sources of isolates; materials from in- and out-patients or from the different hospital units. bacteria studied were limited to the species of which isolates were 100 or more during 1979 to 1986. the following results were obtained. i) when the antibiotic susceptibility of the isolates from the out-patient-materials were compared with th ... | 1989 | 2509589 |
sensitization of alveolar macrophages to lipopolysaccharide-induced prostaglandin synthesis by exogenous prostaglandins. | rabbit alveolar macrophages were found to produce extraordinary amounts of prostaglandin e2 and f2 alpha with the stimulation of lipopolysaccharide or lipid a. exogenous prostaglandin e2 greatly enhanced the lipopolysaccharide action on rabbit alveolar macrophages for the induction of prostaglandin f2 alpha release (3-5 fold), while prostaglandin e2 alone did not cause any effect. the enhancement expressed was especially strong when prostaglandin e2 was administered to the cells simultaneously w ... | 1989 | 2511848 |
in vitro antibacterial activity and beta-lactamase stability of the new carbapenem sm-7338. | the in vitro activity of the new carbapenem sm-7338 was tested in comparison with imipenem, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, flomoxef, cefuzonam and cefmetazole against 2850 clinical bacterial isolates. sm-7338 showed good activity against a broad spectrum of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. sm-7338 was very active against gram-negative bacteria, inhibiting all enterobacteriaceae, except 25% of serratia marcescens isolates, at a concentration of 0.78 mg/l. sm-7338 inhibited the majority of pseu ... | 1989 | 2512140 |
in vitro activity of dactimicin, a novel pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside, compared with activities of other aminoglycosides. | the in vitro activity of dactimicin, a new pseudodisaccharide aminoglycoside which possesses a formimidoyl group, was compared with those of gentamicin, tobramycin, and amikacin against 500 isolates. dactimicin inhibited 90% of isolates from the family enterobacteriaceae at a concentration of less than or equal to 4 micrograms/ml. it was more active than amikacin against klebsiella pneumoniae, serratia marcescens, citrobacter diversus, enterobacter agglomerans, yersinia species, and salmonella s ... | 1989 | 2514625 |
functioning of the colicin a lysis protein is affected by triton x-100, divalent cations and edta. | the colicin a lysis protein, cal, is synthesized at the same time as colicin a by escherichia coli harbouring plasmid pcola after induction by mitomycin c. its function in the induced bacteria involves the release of colicin a, quasi-lysis, the death of the producing cells and the activation of the outer membrane phospholipase a. we have found that these various functions are affected differently by treatment of the induced cells with triton x-100, divalent cations or edta. triton x-100 and edta ... | 1989 | 2515250 |
do inert beta-lactamase inhibitors act as synergizers of beta-lactam antibiotics? utility of boric and boronic acids. | boric and boronic acids were used as inhibitors of beta-lactamases produced by two citrobacter diversus strains and by one strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa; all strains were clinical isolates. the beta-lactamases produced by the two citrobacter diversus strains were inhibited by both borates and boronates, using cephazolin as substrate. the enzyme from pseudomonas aeruginosa was inhibited only by boronates, using benzylpenicillin as substrate. these inhibitors were also used in combination with ... | 1989 | 2515261 |
[activity of 5 fluoroquinolones on hospital gram-negative bacilli with different sensitivities to pefloxacin]. | the minimum inhibitory concentrations (mic) of 5 fluoroquinolones, fleroxacin (fle), ciprofloxacin (cip), ofloxacin (ofl), enoxacin (eno) and norfloxacin (nor) have been determined by the agar dilution method towards 140 strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa (pa) and 146 enterobacteriaceae showing different sensitivities to pefloxacin (pef). the strains were isolated in 1988 at the bellevue hospital. the modal mic is 0.12 for cip, 0.25 for nor, 0.5 for ofl, and 1 for fle and eno when used on pa stra ... | 1989 | 2515519 |
the microbial ecology of soybean soaking for tempe production. | soybeans soaked in tap water for 24 to 36 h at 20, 30 or 37 degrees c underwent a natural fermentation that was characterized by the growth of microorganisms to 10(8)-10(10) cfu/ml (depending on temperature) and a reduction of ph from 6.5 to 4.5. lactobacillus casei, streptococcus faecium, staphylococcus epidermidis and streptococcus dysgalactiae dominated the fermentation but, significant contributions were also made by klebsiella pneumoniae, klebsiella ozaenae, enterobacter cloacae, enterobact ... | 1989 | 2518226 |
citrobacter freundii in gram-negative folliculitis. | | 1989 | 2521870 |
can the association of athymic mice (han:nmri-nu) with staphylococcus sciuri prevent infection with staphylococcus aureus? experiences from a field study. | an attempt was made to prevent the introduction of staphylococcus aureus into a newly established colony of han:nmri-nu mice by means of preassociation with the rodent-specific staphylococcus sciuri. despite the successful colonization of the mice with s. sciuri the establishment of s. aureus into the colony was not impeded, and abscesses were observed with an increasing frequency until the end of the study. random samples revealed the phage pattern 3a/3c/55/71 or very similar ones. a caretaker ... | 1989 | 2523626 |
[efficiency of tazobactam as inhibitor of beta-lactamases, combined with piperacillin, against resistant strains to this penicillin]. | we studied the efficacy of tazobactam (ytr 830), a new beta-lactamase inhibitor in combination with piperacillin (p) against 198 enterobacteriaceae strains. a comparative study of susceptibility (mic determined on mueller hinton agar; inoculum 10(4) cfu) was made with the combination amoxicillin (a) + clavulanic acid (ca). of 181 strains resistant to p, 79.56% were susceptible to it in the presence of tazobactam (tz). the characteristics of the beta-lactamases of 37 strains resistant to p + tz ( ... | 1989 | 2541285 |
in vitro activity of ytr 830. | ytr 830, now known as tazobactam, is a new penicillanic acid sulfone beta-lactamase inhibitor. the in vitro activity of ytr 830 combined with various penicillins was determined and compared to that of clavulanate and sulbactam combined with the same agents. combined with ampicillin or amoxicillin, all three inhibitors were active against beta-lactamase producing strains of staphylococcus aureus, haemophilus influenzae, klebsiella, citrobacter diversus, and all anaerobes except for bacteroides fr ... | 1989 | 2552029 |
in vitro and in vivo efficacy of ytr-830h and piperacillin combinations versus beta-lactamase-producing bacteria. | ytr-830h, a beta-lactamase inhibitor, is a non-amino penicillanic sulfone. in vitro synergistic activity with piperacillin was determined for 226 beta-lactamase producing clinical cultures. combination of piperacillin: ytr in ratios of 2:1, 4:1, and 8:1 were highly effective vs escherichia coli, proteus, providencia, morganella, staphylococcus, and bacteroides. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) of piperacillin were reduced from the resistant to susceptible range. the higher ratios were le ... | 1989 | 2552030 |
comparative in vitro activities of piperacillin-tazobactam and ticarcillin-clavulanate. | the in vitro activities of ticarcillin, piperacillin, clavulanic acid, tazobactam, ticarcillin-clavulanate, and piperacillin-tazobactam against 819 bacterial isolates were compared. the two beta-lactamase inhibitors, clavulanic acid and tazobactam, had little useful antibacterial activity but enhanced the activities of the penicillins against beta-lactamase-producing strains of haemophilus influenzae, branhamella catarrhalis, and methicillin-susceptible staphylococcus aureus; all strains were su ... | 1989 | 2552904 |
a most memorable case. | | 1989 | 2564820 |
hygienic status of food handlers. | the study demonstrated bacterial species on hands and nails of food-handlers before and after hand-washing. those were staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., micrococcus spp., bacillus spp., diphtheroid, aeromonas hydrophila, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter, enterobacter cloacae, escherichia coli, pseudomonas spp., proteus mirabilis, serratia spp., citrobacter freundii. before hand washing, each food-handler harboured one to eight bacterial species. after hand-washing (eight with water fr ... | 1989 | 2584903 |
conservation of organization in the specificity polypeptides of two families of type i restriction enzymes. | we have identified the recognition sequence for the citrobacter freundii restriction endonuclease cfra, a member of the a-family of type i r-m enzymes. this bipartite target sequence differs in both its components from those of other type i enzymes. we determined the nucleotide sequence of its specificity gene (hsds) and a comparison of this with its relative ecoa identifies two extensive variable regions, an organization analogous to that found in the k-family of type i r-m enzymes. the specifi ... | 1989 | 2585490 |
comparative in vitro activity and beta-lactamase stability of fk482, a new oral cephalosporin. | fk482 is an oral aminothiazolyl hydroxyimino cephalosporin with a c-3 vinyl group. its activity was compared with those of cephalexin, cefuroxime, cefixime, and amoxicillin-clavulanate. fk482 inhibited 90% of staphylococcus aureus isolates at 1 micrograms/ml and 90% of streptococcus pyogenes, streptococcus agalactiae, and streptococcus pneumoniae isolates at less than or equal to 0.012 micrograms/ml, superior to cephalexin and cefuroxime and similar to cefixime. it did not inhibit oxacillin-resi ... | 1989 | 2589845 |
mechanism of beta-lactamase inhibition: differences between sulbactam and other inhibitors. | three different types of beta-lactamases--tem-2 type penicillinase, a typical cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii, and a proteus vulgaris cephalosporinase with broad substrate range--were studied to determine the inactivation and reactivation kinetics for beta-lactamase inhibitors of these enzymes. sulbactam, cloxacillin sulfone, clavulanic acid, imipenem, and aztreonam were evaluated. on the basis of the kinetic parameters a minimum scheme for the inactivation of these beta-lactamases by e ... | 1989 | 2591172 |
clavulanate and beta-lactamase induction. | concern has been expressed that clavulanate can antagonize ticarcillin against enterobacteria and pseudomonads that have inducible expression of chromosomal 'class i' beta-lactamases. it is suggested that clavulanate-induced enzyme inactivates ticarcillin, which itself is a feeble inducer. we confirmed that this mechanism applied, showing that antagonism was abolished in beta-lactamase-basal mutants of inducible strains. antagonism has been reported in double disc tests with strains of pseudomon ... | 1989 | 2606817 |
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1986). iii. secular changes in susceptibility]. | changes in the susceptibility of various infectious microorganisms to antimicrobial agents from 1982 to 1986 were evaluated. the microorganisms investigated were escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., citrobacter spp., enterobacter spp., proteus spp., serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from patients with urinary tract infections. we compared susceptibilities of microorganisms obtained from simple urinary tract infections with those from complicated infections with or without ind ... | 1989 | 2607604 |
interaction of the pore-forming domain of colicin a with phospholipid vesicles. | the interaction of the 20-kda pore-forming domain of colicin a with phospholipid vesicles was investigated by gel permeation chromatography, analytical centrifugation, and electron microscopy. under the experimental conditions of this study, this peptide was found to interact only with vesicles containing negatively charged phospholipids. it forms a well-defined disklike complex with phosphatidylglycerols with a preference for those containing 12-14 atoms of carbon in their fatty acid chain. thi ... | 1989 | 2611210 |
synthesis of a trisaccharide of the inner core region of citrobacter pcm 187 lipopolysaccharide that contains l-glycero-alpha-d-manno-heptopyranosyl units. | | 1989 | 2611773 |
the beta-lactamases of citrobacter diversus and their hydrolysis kinetics for some structurally-related cephalosporins. | we measured the kinetics of hydrolysis of various cephalosporins by the chromosomally-encoded beta-lactamases of citrobacter diversus ula-27. cefonicid, cefamandole, cefatrizine and cefoperazone were all hydrolyzed but these antibiotics showed a different feature in their kinetic parameters. moreover, cefoperazone was a non-competitive inhibitor of this type of enzyme. cefotetan was stable to hydrolysis and behaved like a progressive inactivator. the ability of these enzymes to inactivate the re ... | 1989 | 2614506 |
formate dependent nitrate and nitrite reduction to ammonia by citrobacter freundii and competition with denitrifying bacteria. | citrobacter freundii, paracoccus denitrificans and pseudomonas stutzeri were grown either singly or in mixed culture in anaerobic nitrate or nitrite limited chemostats with formate and/or succinate as electron donors and carbon sources. c. freundii reduced nitrate or nitrite stoichiometrically to ammonia. maximum molar growth yields for nitrate (nitrite) were 15.3 (9.9) g/mol for c. freundii on formate with succinate as carbon source, 15.3 (9.5) g/mol for ps. stutzeri on succinate and 32.3 (20.4 ... | 1989 | 2619287 |
[normal microflora of the pharyngeal mucosa]. | aerobic microflora of the throat mucosa was studied in 518 healthy persons aged 1 to 50 years. on the basis of the study results, criteria for estimating microbiocenoses of the upper respiratory tracts were defined. it was shown that the throat symbiotic flora included three groups of microorganisms playing different roles in the development of microbiocenosis. the indigenous group consisted of representatives of streptococcus and neisseria and was characterized by permanent (90-100 per cent) an ... | 1989 | 2619405 |
[determination of the mic of cefotetan against freshly isolated gram-negative bacilli]. | antimicrobial activities (mics) of cefotetan (ctt) against 575 strains of 16 spp. of gram-negative bacilli isolated in 1988 were determined to investigate distribution of mics in comparison with those of cefmetazole (cmz), cefoxitin (cfx), latamoxef (lmox) and cefazolin (cez). the change in frequencies of incidence of cephem-resistant strains in the latter half of the 1980 was also investigated. distribution of mic of ctt varied with test strains. no or very few mics were at or higher than 12.5 ... | 1989 | 2621779 |
[clinical laboratory approach to estimating the effective administration dose of imipenem/cilastatin. evaluation of the disk susceptibility test and its interpretation system]. | in vitro activities of imipenem/cilastatin (ipm/cs) against 413 clinical isolates were studied through the evaluation of mics and the results of disk susceptibility tests. the mics were determined using the agar dilution method at an inoculum level of 10(6) cfu/ml. the mic80s of imipenem (ipm) against staphylococcus aureus and staphylococcus epidermidis were 25 and 1.56 micrograms/ml, respectively, showing a bimodal mic distribution. however, the distribution of mics against other bacteria studi ... | 1989 | 2621780 |
[the characteristics of amino acid catabolism in bacteria of the genus citrobacter]. | the comparison of the occurrence of enzymes effecting the deamination of dicarbon, aromatic and oxyamino acids, as well as transamination enzymes, in citrobacter bacteria and the activity levels of these enzymes was made. the constant sign of such bacteria was the presence of serine and threonine dehydratase activity. 92% of the strains showed the presence of phenylalanine deaminase. no tryptophan activity was established. 96-98% of citrobacter strains possessed phenylalanine, tyrosine and trypt ... | 1989 | 2629427 |
antimicrobial activity of dactimicin in vitro compared with that of dibekacin, netilmicin, sisomicin and micronomicin. | antimicrobial activity of dactimicin, a pseudo-disaccharide aminoglycoside antibiotic, was compared with those of dibekacin, netilmicin, sisomicin and micronomicin using clinical isolates of four gram-positive and sixteen gram-negative bacteria. dactimicin was more active than the reference amino-glycosides against serratia marcescens, especially gentamicin-resistant serratia sp., proteus vulgaris, p. rettgeri and klebsiella oxytoca, but less active against pseudomonas aeruginosa and p. mirabili ... | 1989 | 2632214 |
hydrogen production from glucose by citrobacter freundii. | c. freundii, a member of enterobacteriaceae was isolated from nearby sewage and characterised. with optimum conditions, its hydrogen production capacity and efficiency was tested in synthetic medium containing glucose as carbon and energy source. c. freundii was grown in a 51 fermentor under batch anaerobic conditions. the total production of gas was 8.91 in the volumetric ratio of 63% h2 and 37% co2 in 11 hr from 30.8 g glucose. from 1 mole of glucose 1.286 mole of hydrogen was produced (yh2/s) ... | 1989 | 2632403 |
[genetic determination of degradation of ampholytic surfactants]. | plasmid dna was detected in pseudomonas putida 141 and p. stutzeri at strains which caused destruction of the ampholytic surfactants alkylamino-bis-propionate (aabp) and amidobetaine, respectively. as was demonstrated using genetic analytic procedures, the plasmids controlled aabp and amidobetaine destruction. no plasmid dna was found in p. desmolytica c37 which caused cyclimide destruction or in pseudomonas sp. 1 and citrobacter freundii to strains responsible for aabp destruction. apparently, ... | 1989 | 2636974 |
urinary tract infections in children. | from january 1981 to december 1987, 346 children with urinary tract infections, proved by urine culture, were admitted to the department of pediatrics, mackay memorial hospital. the ratio of male to female was 3.0 in children below 2 years, and 0.8 in children above 2 years, of age. the urine specimens were collected from suprapubic punctures in 281 cases (81.2%). fever was the most common clinical manifestation. in children below two years old, other common symptoms and signs were body weight l ... | 1989 | 2637602 |
invasion of vero cells by salmonella species. | the invasiveness of salmonella strains for vero cells was studied by quantitative bacteriology; the technique was more sensitive than phase contrast microscopy. all of 59 salmonella strains, of 19 different serotypes, were more invasive than escherichia coli k12. three strains of shigella were as invasive as most of the salmonella strains whereas 29 strains of e. coli, two of proteus, three of klebsiella and one of serratia were much less invasive. two citrobacter strains exhibited intermediate ... | 1989 | 2643706 |
characterization of a wide host range plasmid panv-6 from citrobacter diversus. | panv-6 is a 5.85 kb, streptomycin resistant, high copy number plasmid isolated from a multi drug resistant clinical isolate of c. diversus by transformation in escherichia coli c-600. the plasmid was very stable, noncurable and could not be amplified with chloramphenicol. it was non-conjugative among enterobacteriaceae hosts. plasmid was transferred by transformation to several gram negative and gram positive hosts. these included esch. coli, serratia marcescens, salmonella typhimurium, klebsiel ... | 1989 | 2644170 |
amino acid sequence and length requirements for assembly and function of the colicin a lysis protein. | the roles of the various parts of the mature colicin a lysis protein (cal) in its assembly into the envelope and its function in causing "quasi-lysis," the release of colicin a, and the activation of phospholipase a were investigated. by using cassette mutagenesis, many missense mutations were introduced into the highly conserved portion of the lysis protein. in vitro mutagenesis was also used to introduce stop codons after amino acids 16 and 18 and a frameshift mutation at amino acid 17 of the ... | 1989 | 2644198 |
nucleotide sequence of a citrate utilization gene from citrobacter amalonaticus. | the chromosomal dna fragment (bamhi-bglii fragment of 2,972 base pairs) conferring citrate utilization in citrobacter amalonaticus atcc 25405 was cloned and sequenced. two genes (cita and citb) identified in the cit+ determinant were found in a bamhi-bglii fragment from c. amalonaticus. southern dna-dna hybridization experiments and the construction of cit- mutants of c. amalonaticus showed that c. amalonaticus has a single copy of the cit gene on the chromosome. | 1989 | 2644212 |
the epidemiology of antibiotic resistance in three species of the enterobacteriaceae and the relation to consumption of antimicrobial agents in odense university hospital. | | 1989 | 2645094 |
[the rapid identification of escherichia coli using bactident e. coli]. | 165 (93.7%) of 175 e. coli strains isolated from various materials of different animal species were correctly identified as e. coli with help of commercially available bactident e. coli (e. merck, d-6100 darmstadt). further 52 strains of the family of enterobacteriaceae (2x providencia sp., 2x salmonella sp., 7 citrobacter sp., 9 proteus sp., 15 klebsiella sp., 17 enterobacter sp.) were correctly not identified as e. coli by this test. bactident e. coli is a suitable test for rapid identificatio ... | 1989 | 2647078 |
bacterial hydrophobicity, an overall parameter for the measurement of adhesion potential to soil particles. | the adhesion of salmonella typhimurium to the mineral particles quartz, albite, feldspar, and magnetite was shown to correlate with the hydrophobicity of the cell surface as measured by hydrophobic interaction chromatography. the same effects were also seen for seven other selected test strains, including streptococcus faecalis, streptococcus faecium, escherichia coli, citrobacter freundii, shigella sonnei, and shigella boydii. when the test strain of salmonella typhimurium, was repeatedly culti ... | 1989 | 2650618 |
comparison of methods for enumeration of selected coliforms exposed to ozone. | mt7 medium performed no better than m-endo medium in enumerating cells of escherichia coli and citrobacter freundii exposed to ozone. also, there was no difference in the plate count of heterotrophic bacteria in ozonated raw water determined on modified henrici agar or r2a agar. statistically significant differences were seen between bacteria and the type of water in which they were suspended during ozonation. | 1989 | 2650621 |
chromosomal beta-lactamase of klebsiella oxytoca, a new class a enzyme that hydrolyzes broad-spectrum beta-lactam antibiotics. | the chromosomally encoded beta-lactamase gene of klebsiella oxytoca e23004, a strain resistant to cefoperazone and aztreonam, was cloned and expressed in escherichia coli hb101. the molecular mass and pi of this enzyme were 28 kilodaltons and 7.4, respectively. although the beta-lactamase of k. oxytoca hydrolyzed many cephalosporins, including broad-spectrum drugs, the nucleotide sequence and deduced amino acid sequence lacked homology with chromosomal class c beta-lactamase genes (ampc) of e. c ... | 1989 | 2653216 |
review of the in-vitro spectrum and characteristics of cefmetazole (cs-1170). | the in-vitro antimicrobial qualities of cefmetazole are summarized from a review of over 30 publications. cefmetazole, a 7 alpha-methoxy cephalosporin, is shown to have an antimicrobial spectrum closely resembling cefoxitin's. however, cefmetazole is approximately two- to eight-fold more active than cefoxitin against commonly isolated species such as escherichia coli, klebsiella spp., proteus mirabilis, staphylococcus aureus, pyogenic streptococci, pneumococci, and haemophilus influenzae. cefmet ... | 1989 | 2656622 |
effects of beta-lactamases and omp mutation on susceptibility to beta-lactam antibiotics in escherichia coli. | four types of beta-lactamases consisting of a penicillinase type i (tem-1), a penicillinase type ii (oxa-1), a cephalosporinase of citrobacter freundii, and a cephalosporinase of proteus vulgaris were introduced into escherichia coli mc4100 and its omp mutants, mh1160 (mc4100 ompr1) and mh760 (mc4100 ompr2), by transformation. effects of the combination of the omp mutations and these beta-lactamases on the susceptibility of e. coli strains were studied with 15 beta-lactam antibiotics including c ... | 1989 | 2658786 |
interaction of cefpirome and a cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii gn7391. | the interaction of cefpirome and a cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii, including hydrolysis and inhibition, was studied in comparison with those of cefotiam, cefotaxime, and ceftazidime. cefpirome was hydrolyzed by the enzyme more rapidly at vmax than were cefotaxime and ceftazidime. however, the low affinity of the enzyme for cefpirome caused a reduction in the hydrolytic rate of cefpirome at a low drug concentration (0.1 microm). the high stability of cefpirome at a low concentration e ... | 1989 | 2658787 |
enhancement of the infectivity of fusobacterium necrophorum by other bacteria. | necrobacillosis is caused by fusobacterium necrophorum (fn), but other organisms are often present in the lesions. their possible role was studied in experiments made with a virulent fn strain which, by itself, produced fatal necrobacillosis in mice provided that large doses (greater than 10(6) organisms, subcutaneously) were given. mice were inoculated subcutaneously with fn suspended in sub-lethal doses (0.1 ml) of undiluted or diluted broth cultures of other bacteria. undiluted culture of a s ... | 1989 | 2661253 |
comparison of the in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of cefepime (bmy-28142) with ceftazidime, cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime. | cefepime (bmy-28142), a new semisynthetic cephalosporin, was evaluated for in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities in comparison with ceftazidime, cefuzonam, cefotaxime and cefmenoxime. cefepime showed a well-balanced, broad spectrum of activity against a number of clinical isolates collected in japan. the activity of cefepime against gram-positive bacteria was several times greater than that of ceftazidime, nearly comparable to cefotaxime and cefmenoxime, and slightly weaker than cefuzona ... | 1989 | 2663406 |
[susceptibilities of clinical isolates to antibacterial agents. a study mainly focused on ofloxacin (the second report). reported by the research group for testing ofloxacin susceptibility on clinical isolates]. | susceptibilities of various clinical isolates to ofloxacin (oflx) and other antibacterial drugs were examined at 128 hospital laboratories in 36 prefectures throughout japan between april, 1986 and march, 1987. the results were totalized with an emphasis mainly on oflx and were compared with data obtained in the previous year. in this study, identification and susceptibility tests of the isolates were carried out at each hospital laboratory and the tests were performed according to the 1-dilutio ... | 1989 | 2664255 |
nucleotide sequence for the htpr gene from citrobacter freundii. | | 1989 | 2664713 |
epidemiologic marker system for citrobacter diversus using outer membrane protein profiles. | investigations of nursery outbreaks of citrobacter diversus sepsis and meningitis have been hampered by lack of adequate epidemiologic markers for the organism. we studied outer membrane protein profiles from clinical isolates of c. diversus by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis to determine whether this method might be useful in the epidemiologic differentiation of strains. paired cerebrospinal fluid isolates from each of three separate nursery outbreaks of c. diversus me ... | 1989 | 2671030 |
[microbial contamination of water by pipe and tube materials. 3. behavior of e. coli, citrobacter freundii and klebsiella pneumoniae]. | materials water comes into contact with can promote the microbial growth as it could be shown before. the reaction of an unspecific microorganism flora and of legionella pneumophila in pipes and hoses has been described in the two previous communications. the investigation with l. pneumophila has shown that even a pathogen organism can grow upon the materials. therefore it was of special interest to prove whether indicator organisms for the testing of drinking water can grow in pipes and hoses a ... | 1989 | 2673263 |
mutagenic dna repair genes on plasmids from the 'pre-antibiotic era'. | resistance transfer factors are natural conjugative plasmids encoding antibiotic resistance. some also encode mutagenic dna repair genes giving resistance to dna damage and induced mutagenesis. it has been shown that antibiotic resistance has been acquired by recent transposition events; however, we show here that mutagenic repair genes existed much earlier on these types of plasmids. conjugative plasmids from eight incompatibility groups from the murray collection of 'pre-antibiotic era' entero ... | 1989 | 2674658 |
comparative in vitro activity of a new quinolone, am-1091. | the in vitro activity of a new quinolone, am-1091 [7-(3-amino-1-pyrrolidinyl)-8-chloro-1-cyclopropyl-6-fluoro-1,4-dihydro- 4-oxo- 3-quinoline carboxylic acid hydrochloride], was compared with those of ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, beta-lactams, and gentamicin. am-1091 inhibited 90% of the isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae at less than or equal to 0.12 micrograms/ml. for many species am-1091 was 2-fold more active than ciprofloxacin and 2- to 32-fold more active than ofloxacin. it inhibited e ... | 1989 | 2675753 |
penicillin-binding protein 2 is required for induction of the citrobacter freundii class i chromosomal beta-lactamase in escherichia coli. | involvement of escherichia coli penicillin-binding proteins (pbps) in induction of the cloned ampc citrobacter freundii beta-lactamase by 6-aminopenicillanic acid was investigated. the enzyme was not inducible at 42 degrees c in a mutant thermosensitive for expression of pbp 2. the results imply that pbp 2 is involved in the process leading to induction of ampc. | 1989 | 2675758 |
in-vitro activity of fce 22101 and other beta-lactam antibiotics against enterobacteriaceae resistant to third generation cephalosporins. | the in-vitro activity of fce 22101 was compared with those of imipenem, aztreonam, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone and latamoxef against 225 enterobacteriaceae (209 clinical isolates and 16 derivatives of escherichia coli k12) chosen for their resistance (mic greater than or equal to 8 mg/l) to third-generation cephalosporins. the beta-lactamases produced by the strains of enterobacter cloacae, klebsiella pneumoniae and esch. coli were identified. the mean mics of fce 22101 were 2-8 mg/l for ent. cloaca ... | 1989 | 2676939 |
in vitro and in vivo activities of qa-241, a new tricyclic quinolone derivative. | the in vitro susceptibilities of 1,310 clinical isolates to qa-241, a novel tricyclic quinolone, were evaluated in comparison with susceptibilities to norfloxacin, ofloxacin, enoxacin, and ciprofloxacin. the mics of qa-241 for 90% of staphylococci, enterococcus faecalis isolates, and streptococcal species ranged from 1.56 to 6.25 micrograms/ml, and the activity of qa-241 was similar to those of norfloxacin and enoxacin but two to four times less potent than those of ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. ... | 1989 | 2679369 |
[acute necrotizing cholecystitis in infancy: report of a case]. | we present a case-report of a six weeks old premature baby who developed acute acalculous gangrenous cholecystitis related to septicemia due to citrobacter freundii. we analyze other etiological factors and remark the importance of physical examination and ultrasonographic exploration of the biliary tract. early cholecystectomy is suggested. | 1989 | 2679664 |
in-vitro activity of meropenem against clinical isolates in a multicentre study in italy. | a multicentre in-vitro study was undertaken to evaluate the susceptibility of bacterial pathogens isolated in different italian hospitals to meropenem. a total of 1399 aerobic and 452 anaerobic strains was analysed. comparative agents were imipenem, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, piperacillin, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, amikacin, plus vancomycin when appropriate. the mic ranges (mg/l) of meropenem were: 0.015-2 for klebsiella spp., proteus spp., morganella morganii and providencia spp.; l ... | 1989 | 2681128 |
evaluation of spectrum-10 system for identification of members of the family enterobacteriaceae. | a total of 378 isolates of the family enterobacteriaceae were tested with conventional biochemical tests and with the spectrum-10 identification system. of these, 97.4% were correctly identified to the species level by using the seven-digit profile of spectrum-10. the preliminary four-digit profile provided the correct species for 61.1% and the correct genus for 79.4% of the strains. most misidentifications were observed with aberrant biotypes of citrobacter freundii. | 1989 | 2685033 |
sequence motifs characteristic of dna[cytosine-n4]methyltransferases: similarity to adenine and cytosine-c5 dna-methylases. | the sequences coding for dna[cytosine-n4]methyltransferases mvai (from micrococcus varians rfl19) and cfr9i (from citrobacter freundii rfl9) have been determined. the predicted methylases are proteins of 454 and 300 amino acids, respectively. primary structure comparison of m.cfr9i and another m4c-forming methylase, m.pvu ii, revealed extended regions of homology. the sequence comparison of the three dna[cytosine-n4]-methylases using originally developed software revealed two conserved patterns, ... | 1989 | 2690010 |
ticarcillin/clavulanate in the treatment of severe peritonitis. | a prospective study was performed on 50 consecutive patients with secondary peritonitis. all patients received ticarcillin/clavulanate 5.2 g three times daily as initial antibiotic therapy. in 30 patients a primary perforation was found in the gastro-intestinal tract and 20 had post-operative peritonitis. in two thirds of the patients a diffuse peritonitis was found which affected the whole abdomen. thirty-six patients underwent one or two laparotomies and 11 patients had more than three laparot ... | 1989 | 2691475 |
[comparative studies on activities of antimicrobial agents against causative organisms isolated from urinary tract infections (1986). i. susceptibility distribution]. | susceptibilities to various antibacterial and antibiotic agents of bacterial strains isolated from urinary tract infections at 8 hospitals in japan from july to october in 1986 are summarized as follows. 1. enterococcus faecalis was susceptible to sulfamethoxazole/trimethoprim (st) and imipenem (ipm) with mic90s of 0.78 and 1.56 microgram/ml. minocycline had the strongest activity against staphylococcus aureus; the mics for all strains tested were lower than 0.39 microgram/ml. the mic80s of dicl ... | 1989 | 2691714 |
a novel, non-invasive promoter probe vector: cloning of the osmoregulated prou promoter of escherichia coli k12. | we have constructed a novel promoter probe plasmid psb40, containing a unique lac-alpha-tetracycline marker gene tandem, which allows for both positive and negative selection of active promoters. promoters cloned in psb40 can be readily mobilized as ecori cassettes. using this vector we have performed a non-invasive analysis of the e. coli chromosome for promoters regulated by osmotic upshift. only one such promoter, subsequently identified as part of the prou operon, was isolated. a sequence of ... | 1989 | 2691837 |
signalling proteins in enterobacterial ampc beta-lactamase regulation. | the cloned citrobacter freundii ampc beta-lactamase is inducible in the presence of its regulatory gene ampr in escherichia coli (lindberg et al., 1985). the basal level of expression and inducibility are affected by two e. coli proteins encoded by the closely linked ampd and ampe genes. deletion of both genes led to constitutive ampr-dependent overproduction of beta-lactamase, whereas an out-of-frame deletion in ampd caused the basal expression to increase two-fold. this ampd1 mutant was induci ... | 1989 | 2691840 |
interaction of e1040 with cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii gn7391. | the interactions of e1040 with cephalosporinase from citrobacter freundii, including affinity and hydrolysis, were studied in comparison with those of cefotaxime and ceftazidime. e1040 showed a higher stability at low drug concentrations and a much lower affinity for the enzyme than did cefotaxime or ceftazidime. these enzymological properties explain the high activity of e1040 against cephalosporinase-producing c. freundii. | 1989 | 2694954 |
the biochemical differentiation between salmonella and citrobacter. | a number of bacterial isolates which could not be identified as either salmonella or citrobacter by conventional biochemical tests and could not be typed as salmonella with available antisera, were further examined biochemically and by lysis with phage felix 0.1. glycerol-positive salmonellae and lysine-positive citrobacters were encountered, which could be confused with the other genus, but when the reactions of such strains were examined in the other tests, accurate identifications could be do ... | 1989 | 2696917 |
citrobacter freundii bacteraemia presenting as typhoid fever. | citrobacter infections usually arise opportunistically in immunocompromised persons. we report the case of a young man in whom citrobacter freundii caused a primary invasive illness similar to typhoid fever. | 1989 | 2708832 |
the structure of the lipopolysaccharide core region of citrobacter 027. | the structure of citrobacter 027 lipopolysaccharide core has been established using sugar and methylation analyses and 1h-nmr spectroscopy, and was shown to be identical to the core described recently in pcm 1487 strain which represents a separate serotype in citrobacter genus. | 1989 | 2721921 |
sudden unexpected death in a neonate. | a sudden and unexpected death, at 26 hours of age, of a term infant with no identifiable risk factors either in the prenatal or in the immediate neonatal period is described. the most remarkable postmortem findings were confined to the lungs, which had many areas of aspirated amniotic fluid, as well as extensive areas of bronchopneumonia. postmortem cultures of the lung revealed citrobacter freundii. this case is an atypical presentation of this devastating neonatal infection, both because of th ... | 1989 | 2730730 |
comparative activity of newer antibiotics against gram-negative bacilli. | the in vitro activities of cefoperazone, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, ceftazidime, azlocillin, mezlocillin, piperacillin, ticarcillin/clavulanate, aztreonam, imipenem, and ciprofloxacin were concurrently determined against over 1,000 isolates of gram-negative bacilli from clinical specimens of patients at the cleveland clinic. cephalosporins, penicillins, and aztreonam were active against species of enterobacteriaceae other than citrobacter freundii, enterobacter aerogenes, and enterobacter cloacae. ... | 1989 | 2731335 |
in-vitro interactions of fce 22101 with aminoglycosides against gram-negative rods. | agar dilution mics of fce 22101 were measured for 894 consecutively-isolated gram-negative rods from clinical specimens (413 escherichia coli, 104 klebsiella spp., 54 enterobacter spp., 19 citrobacter spp., 131 proteus spp., 43 acinetobacter spp., 9 serratia spp., 3 providencia spp., 4 yersinia spp., 3 hafnia spp. and 111 pseudomonas spp.). excluding pseudomonas spp., 98% of these isolates were susceptible to 8 mg/l fce 22101. resistance (mic greater than 8 mg/l) varied from 11% in serratia spp. ... | 1989 | 2732132 |
studies on the microflora associated with xenic cultures of entamoeba gingivalis. | the microflora associated with xenic stock cultures (atcc 30927) of entamoeba gingivalis, the major protozoan of the human oral cavity, were isolated and identified as citrobacter diversus, yersinia enterocolitica, acinetobacter anitratus and pseudomonas maltophilia. in studies to determine whether the bacterial isolates were able to utilize rice starch as a sole carbon source, y. enterocolitica exhibited excellent growth in rice starch minimal medium and tysgm-9 medium (with rice starch), but g ... | 1989 | 2739589 |
clinical evaluation of imipenem/cilastatin in the therapy of severe infections in high-risk patients. | a clinical trial was carried out to evaluate the effectiveness of treatment with imipenem/cilastatin in life-threatening infections in high-risk patients. thirty hospitalized patients (22 men and 8 women), aged 28 to 78 years, with impaired host defences and severe infections were treated with imipenem/cilastatin at a dosage ranging between 1 and 3 g daily i.v. at 8 or 12 h intervals. the average length of therapy was 8.61 +/- 3.14 days. the isolated organisms were as follows: escherichia coli [ ... | 1989 | 2743870 |
microbiological characterization of dactimicin: antibacterial activity towards gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. | dactimicin is the first aminoglycoside antibiotic of dactylosporangium origin, consisting of a pseudo-disaccharide and an amino acid. it has also a formimidoyl moiety instead of the deoxystreptamine found in other aminoglycosides. the authors considered the antibacterial activity of dactimicin compared with amikacin, gentamicin and the fortimicins against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria. dactimicin showed remarkable antibacterial activity against all strains tested: in particular the mi ... | 1989 | 2752910 |
neonatal citrobacter meningitis. | | 1989 | 2753536 |
levels of bacteria, fungi, and endotoxin in bulk and aerosolized corn silage. | three samples of silage taken from the surface of a silo and from depths of 20 and 45 cm in the silo were studied for identification of the potential agents causing symptoms of organic dust toxic syndrome. the samples were examined by dilution plating before and after aerosolization in an acoustical dust generator. aerosol samples were collected by liquid impinger and filter cassettes. the samples were examined for total aerobic bacteria, anaerobic bacteria, gram-negative bacteria, lactobacilli, ... | 1989 | 2757375 |
microbial contamination of cosmetics and personal care items in egypt--body lotions and talcum powders. | we examined a total of 54 samples, including 18 body lotions and 36 talcum powders, for their total aerobic bacterial, coliform and fungal counts. we also carried out anaerobic bacterial counts for talcum powder as well as tests to detect some potentially hazardous bacteria in all tested samples. talcum powders were more heavily contaminated with bacteria and fungi than body lotions. more than 40% of the tested body lotions contained no viable bacteria or less than 100 c.f.u./g. while all the ta ... | 1989 | 2760119 |
[effects of sulbactam on the activity of cefoperazone against various clinical isolates]. | sulbactam/cefoperazone (sbt/cpz) have been used in clinical infusion at ratios of 1:1 and 1:2 in japan and u.s.a., respectively. after an administration of these drugs as a 1:1 parenteral formulation, the ratio of levels of cpz and sbt in blood was 1:1/4 to 1:1/5 for 1 to 2 hours, whereas the ratio of free, unbound drug levels was 1:1.4 to 1:1.5. in urine these drugs were excreted at a ratio between 1:1 and 1:4 during 6 hours after the infusion. antimicrobial interaction studies using various co ... | 1989 | 2769941 |
high efficiency transduction of single strand plasmid dna into enteric bacteria. | this report demonstrates high efficiency transduction of enteric bacteria using single strand plasmids packaged in m13 phage capsids. transformation by plasmid dna is usually a very inefficient process in many enteric bacteria other than escherichia coli k12. plasmids carrying an m13 origin of replication can be replicated and packaged when cells carrying such plasmids are infected with m13 or a derivative helper phage. by introducing an f' plasmid into e. coli, serratia marcescens, citrobacter ... | 1989 | 2779519 |
initial antibiotic therapy for alligator bites: characterization of the oral flora of alligator mississippiensis. | an open thumb fracture resulting from an alligator bite became infected with aeromonas hydrophila, enterobacter agglomerans, and citrobacter diversus. the patient was treated by surgical debridement and antibiotic therapy. we obtained cultures from the mouth of ten alligators to characterize their oral flora. initial empiric therapy after alligator bites should be directed at gram-negative species, in particular, aeromonas hydrophila and anaerobic species including clostridium. of the numerous f ... | 1989 | 2783788 |