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crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of a lipase from chromobacterium viscosum.lipase from chromobacterium viscosum has been purified to homogeneity and crystallized in a form suitable for x-ray diffraction analysis from 10-14% polyethylene glycol 4000 and 10-14% 2-methyl-2,4-pentane diol at ph 6.4 in the presence of 0.25%(w/v) n-octyl-beta-d-glucopyranoside. these crystals belong to space group p2(1)2(1)2 with refined lattice constants a = 41.1 a, b= 156.8, c = 43.6 a, indicating a cell content of one monomer per asymmetric unit of the crystal. the crystals diffract to a ...199415299463
purification and partial characterization of an amino acid alpha,beta- dehydrogenase, l-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase from chromobacterium violaceum.l-tryptophan 2',3'-oxidase is a novel enzyme that specifically catalyzes the alpha,beta-dehydrogenation of l-tryptophan derivatives. it was extracted from chromobacterium violaceum and purified 108-fold to apparent homogeneity with a 34% overall recovery. the molecular weight of the native enzyme is approximately 680,000, and its isoelectric point is nearly equal to 4. sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis showed that the enzyme is composed of two components with molecular weight of approximate ...19948027079
identification of metal ligands in cu(ii)-inhibited chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase by electron spin echo envelope modulation analysis of histidine to serine mutations.phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum (cvpah) is known to bind an equivalent of divalent copper. the "metal-free" form of the protein is fully active, and cu(ii) is now shown to be an inhibitor of cvpah rather than an activator of the enzyme [carr, r. t., & benkovic, s. j. (1994) biochemistry 32, 14132-14138]. on the basis of amino acid sequence homology, the metal binding site may be related to those of rat liver pah and other eukaryotic pterin-dependent hydroxylases, which r ...19948031788
chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia in malaysia. 19947899912
fr901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum no. 968. ii. structure determination. 19948175483
fr901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum no. 968. iii. antitumor activities on experimental tumors in mice.the antitumor activities of fr901228, (e)-(1s,4s,10s,21r)-7-[(z)- ethylidene]-4,21-diisopropyl-2-oxa-12,13-dithia-5,8,20,23- tetraazabicyclo[8,7,6]-tricos-16-ene-3,6,9,19,22-pentanone, isolated from chromobacterium violaceum no. 968, were studied in animals. fr901228 (ip) prolonged the life of mice bearing such murine ascitic tumors as p388 and l1210 leukemias and b16 melanoma, and inhibited (iv) the growth of murine solid tumors (colon 38 carcinoma, m5076 reticulum cell sarcoma and meth a fibro ...19948175484
molecular structures that influence the immunomodulatory properties of the lipid a and inner core region oligosaccharides of bacterial lipopolysaccharides.the relationship between chain length as well as the position of fatty acyl groups to the ability of lipid a to abolish the expression of suppressor t-cell (ts) activity was examined. fatty acyl chain lengths of c12 to c14, as in the lipid a of escherichia coli and salmonella minnesota, appear to be optimal for this bioactivity, since lipid a preparations with fatty acyl groups of relatively short chain length (c10 to c12 for pseudomonas aeruginosa and chromobacterium violaceum) or predominantly ...19948188347
action of fr901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum no. 968, on ha-ras transformed nih3t3 cells.fr901228, a novel antitumor antibiotic, reversed the transformed morphology of the ha-ras transformants, ras-1 cells, and inhibited their growth. the reduction of c-myc expression was observed in fr901228-treated ras-1 cells by rna dot-blot hybridization. this reduction of c-myc expression and morphological reversion of the transformed cells to normal were correlated with growth inhibition (g0/g1 arrest in cell cycle).19947765477
fr901228, a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide produced by chromobacterium violaceum no. 968. i. taxonomy, fermentation, isolation, physico-chemical and biological properties, and antitumor activity.a novel antitumor bicyclic depsipeptide, fr901228, was isolated from a broth culture of chromobacterium violaceum no. 968 as colorless prisms and the molecular formula was determined as c24h36n4o6s2. this antibiotic reverted the transformed morphology of a ha-ras transformant to normal, and exhibited prominent antitumor activities against murine and human tumor cell lines both in vitro and in vivo.19947513682
the structure of the o-specific polysaccharide of the lipopolysaccharide from chromobacterium violaceum nctc 9694. 19947528643
nonfatal and fatal infections caused by chromobacterium violaceum.human infection caused by chromobacterium violaceum is rare, but when it occurs it is associated with a high mortality rate. we report the cases of two patients with infection due to chromobacterium violaceum. one patient presented early in the course of disease and survived after receiving appropriate antibiotic therapy. the other patient presented late in the course of disease and died of fulminant sepsis with abscesses in multiple organs. we discuss the similarity between c. violaceum infecti ...19938218697
[chromobacterium violaceum, opportunist pathogenic bacteria in tropical and subtropical regions].chromobacterium violaceum is isolated from soil and waters in tropical and subtropical areas. this gram negative bacillus is considered as a saprophyte, but occasionally it can act as an opportunistic pathogen for animals and man, and cause fatal septicaemia from skin lesion with many liver and lung abscesses. classification, nomenclature, media used to isolation, characters useful to identification (morphology, cultural and biochemical traits, violacein pigmentation), differentiation from relat ...19938219788
an examination of the copper requirement of phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum.phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum (cvpah) was classified as a copper metalloenzyme by virtue of a 1/1 cu/enzyme stoichiometry and its inhibition with various chelators [pember, s. o., villafranca, j. j., & benkovic, s. j. (1986) biochemistry 25, 6611]. we have prepared "copper-free" cvpah by extraction with dtt. these preparations retained full activity though the cu/enzyme ratio averaged 0.015. reconstitution by extraneous copper was disproved by measuring a cu/enzyme rat ...19938260496
a re-examination of the metal requirement of chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase. 19938304197
histidines 138 and 143 are copper binding ligands in chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase. 19938304204
phylogenetic position of taylorella equigenitalis determined by analysis of amplified 16s ribosomal dna sequences.the 16s ribosomal dna sequence of taylorella equigenitalis (formerly haemophilus equigenitalis), the causative organism of contagious equine metritis, was determined. a phylogenetic analysis of this sequence revealed a phylogenetic position of t. equigenitalis in the beta subclass of the class proteobacteria apart from the position of haemophilus influenzae, which belongs to the gamma subclass of proteobacteria. a close phylogenetic relationship among t. equigenitalis, alcaligenes xylosoxidans, ...19938347520
identification of the intersubunit binding region in rat tyrosine hydroxylase.limited proteolysis converts the 39200 molecular weight catalytic domain of rat tyrosine hydroxylase to a monomer with a molecular weight of 37600. the purified monomer is almost fully active, with minor changes in kinetic parameters at ph 7. mass spectral analysis and n-terminal sequencing of the proteolytically generated species establish that 20 amino acids have been removed from the carboxyl terminus and five from the amino terminus. based on these results, the carboxyl terminus is responsib ...19937904160
[the antagonistic activity of the bacterial flora in feed in relation to the causative agent of diarrhea in calves].antagonistic activity of 264 strains (6 species) of aerobic bacilli as well as 45 strains (3 species) of bacteria from genera chromobacterium and pseudomonas has been studied. they were isolated from the fodder at the farms of ukraine five regions in 1986-1992 in respect to 128 strains (17 species) of genera escherichia, proteus, salmonella, shigella and pasteurella, isolated by the authors from feces of calf with symptoms of diarrhea. high antagonistic activity of bacillus polymyxa 168 (zone of ...19938025695
fatal chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia.a 19-year-old malay male succumbed to a septicaemia caused by chromobacterium violaceum 11 days after onset of illness. the organism is a common soil saprophyte and may be considered as contaminant on culture. it is essential to recognise its clinical significance in purulent processes so that appropriate therapy can be instituted. we report the first fatal case of chromobacterium violaceum infection in the university hospital, kuala lumpur.19938153700
increased activity of chromobacterium viscosum lipase in aerosol ot reverse micelles in the presence of nonionic surfactants.modification of aot reverse micellar systems with various alkyl glucosides and nonionic surfactants was attempted in order to improve the activity to chromobacterium viscosum lipase. tweens and tritons, having the poly(oxyethylene) chain, have been shown to be solubilized at the oil-water interface of aot micelles. alkyl glucosides were also solubilized at the interface. these additives form mixed micelles with aot and increase the concentration of the micelles. in contrast, spans were found to ...19937692888
an ultrafiltration membrane bioreactor for the lipolysis of olive oil in reversed micellar media.the enzymatic hydrolysis of olive oil using chromobacterium viscosum lipase b encapsulated in reversed micelles of dioctyl sodium sulfosuccinate (aot) in isooctane was investigated in an ultrafiltration ceramic membrane reactor of tubular type, operating in a batch mode. water concentration was found to be a critical parameter in the enzyme kinetics and hydrolysis yield of the reaction. the size of micelles, recirculation rate, and substrate concentration were found to be the major factors affec ...199318609620
modeling lipolysis in a reversed micellar system: part i. conventional batch reactor.triglyceride hydrolysis using chromobacterium viscosum lipase b in a reversed micellar media was investigated in a batch-type reactor. the dynamic evolution of the product concentration was analyzed using several mechanistic models, both from the literature and developed in this work. a kinetic model with nonlinear product inhibition was found to be the most adequate for the description of batch hydrolysis data over an extensive range of time and substrate concentration. the obtained rate equati ...199318613109
modeling lipolysis in a reversed micellar system: part ii-membrane reactor.olive oil hydrolysis using chromobacterium viscosum lipase b in a reversed micellar media was investigated in a membrane reactor. the dynamic evolution of the product concentration both in the concentrate and permeate stream was analyzed using a mechanistic model previously developed by us and further modified in this work. a kinetic law with a second-order dependence in the substrate concentration and nonlinear product inhibition was found to be the most adequate for the description of the hydr ...199318613110
modulation of endotoxin-induced monokine release in human monocytes by lipid a partial structures that inhibit binding of 125i-lipopolysaccharide.we have previously shown that the synthetic tetraacyl precursor ia (compound 406, la-14-pp, or lipid iva) was not able to induce the production of tumor necrosis factor, interleukin-1, and interleukin-6 in human monocytes but strongly antagonized lipopolysaccharide (lps)-induced formation of these monokines. this inhibition was detectable at the level of mrna production. to achieve a better understanding of molecular basis of this inhibition, we investigated whether lipid a precursor ia (la-14-p ...19921280625
bacterial chemistry. vi. biological activities and cytotoxicity of 1,3-dihydro-2h-indol-2-one derivatives.the biosynthetic pigment from chromobacterium violaceum bb-78, 1,3-dihydro-2h-indol-2-one and its derivatives exhibit biological activities such as antimicrobial action, low hemolytic effects on red blood cells and in vitro trypanocide activity. a relatively high cytotoxicity on v-79 hamster fibroblast cells of the biosynthetic pigment was found, although with the methylol derivative the toxicity was almost eliminated. the methylol derivative exhibited similar toxicity as nifurtimox, a known, co ...19921341576
high resolution analysis of carotenoids in human plasma by high-performance liquid chromatography. 19921435309
fatal chromobacterium violaceum infections associated with exposure to stagnant waters. 19921528650
chemical and cultural characterization of cdc group wo-1, a weakly oxidative gram-negative group of organisms isolated from clinical sources.ninety-six strains of weakly oxidative gram-negative rods isolated primarily from clinical specimens form a distinct group that has been designated centers for disease control (cdc) group wo-1 (wo stands for weak oxidizer). the phenotypic characteristics of cdc group wo-1 were most similar to those of comamonas acidovorans, pseudomonas mallei, and cdc pink coccoid group iii. the wo-1 group can be differentiated from c. acidovorans by the oxidation of glucose (often weak and sometimes delayed), m ...19921537895
x-ray absorption studies of the cu-dependent phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum. comparison of the copper coordination in oxidized and dithionite-reduced enzymes.the coordination chemistry of the cu sites of phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah) from chromobacterium violaceum has been studied by x-ray absorption spectroscopy (xas). the exafs of the cu(ii) form of the enzyme resembles that of other non-blue copper proteins such as plasma amine oxidases and dopamine-beta-hydroxylase and is characteristic of a mixed n/o coordination shell containing histidine ligation. detailed simulations of the raw exafs data have been carried out using full curved-wave restrai ...19921606153
chromobacterium violaceum septicaemia: the intensive care management of two cases.the first human infection with chromobacterium violaceum was recorded in 1927, but since then there have been about 33 cases reported worldwide, including two from australia. chr. violaceum occurs in the tropics and subtropics and is generally considered to be nonpathogenic, but infection can occur in patients who are immunosuppressed and it has a high mortality rate. this paper presents the intensive care management of two cases of chr. violaceum infection occurring in far north queensland. the ...19921609950
identification of a neutral lipid core in a transiently expressed and secreted lipoprotein containing an apob-48-like apolipoprotein.the presence of core lipids in lipoproteins expressed and secreted by transfected hepg2 cells was demonstrated by measuring the densities of these lipoproteins before and after treatment with a bacterial lipase specific for neutral lipids. hepg2 cells were reproducibly transfected with prsv/b48, containing a truncated human apolipoprotein b-100 (apob-100) cdna (nucleotides 1 to 6860, where nucleotide 129 is the start of translation). northern blots of cellular message probed with apob-48 showed ...19921569375
stereoselectivity of lipases: esterification reactions of octadecylglycerol.stereoselectivity of several triacylglycerol lipases (ec 3.1.1.3) has been investigated in the enzymatic esterification of rac-1-o-octadecylglycerol with oleic acid in the presence of organic solvents, such as hexane. x-1(3)-o-octadecylmonooleoylglycerols were the only products formed with most lipases; considerable proportions of x-1(3)-o-octadecyldioleoylglycerols were also formed with the lipase from candida cylindracea. the mixtures of unesterified enantiomeric substrates, i.e., x-1(3)-o-oct ...19921511492
kinetics and stability of a chromobacterium viscosum lipase in reversed micellar and aqueous media.the lipolytic activity of chromobacterium viscosum lipase b (ec 3.1.1.3.; triacylglycerol hydrolase) solubilized both in water and aot/isooctane reversed micelles has been investigated using triolein as a substrate. the influence of relevant parameters in the catalytic activity such as temperature, ph, surfactant and substrate concentrations, and water content was tested and compared in both media. a study of stability of the lipase was carried out, with particular reference to the influence of ...19921368011
metabolites formed during anaerobic transformation of toluene and o-xylene and their proposed relationship to the initial steps of toluene mineralization.strain t1 is a facultative bacterium that is capable of anaerobic toluene degradation under denitrifying conditions. while 80% of the carbon from toluene is either oxidized to carbon dioxide or assimilated into cellular carbon, a significant portion of the remainder is transformed into two dead-end metabolites. these metabolites were produced simultaneous to the mineralization of toluene and were identified as benzylsuccinic acid and benzylfumaric acid. identification was based on comparison of ...19921610173
reverse enzyme synthesis in microemulsion-based organo-gels.lipase from three different sources has been immobilised in microemulsion-based gels (mbgs) with retention of catalytic activity. such lipase-containing mbgs prove to be novel solid-phase catalysts for use in apolar organic solvents such as n-heptane. using these systems, preparative-scale synthesis of a wide variety of esters under mild conditions was possible with products easily isolated and obtained in high yield. stereoselective esterification of octan-2-ol was observed for all three lipase ...19911707672
survival of the fish pathogen aeromonas salmonicida in seawater.survival of aeromonas salmonicida in natural (non-sterile) seawater, as determined from colony counts on marine agar, was found to be influenced by the presence of potentially inhibitory organisms, i.e., acinetobacter, aeromonas hydrophila, chromobacterium, escherichia coli, flavobacterium and pseudomonas, and their metabolites. yet, samples, thought to be devoid of culturable a. salmonicida, were found to contain cells, which were filterable through 0.22 and 0.45 microns millipore millex porosi ...19911769545
beta-d-glucuronidase (bdg) activity of gram-negative bacteria.bdg is an inducible enzyme that is encoded by the uida gene in escherichia coli. genetic sequences of this gene are present in most if not all e. coli strains regardless of the bdg phenotype. expression of bdg activity can be influenced by lactose-induced catabolite repression or genetic mutations. salmonella, shigella and yersinia strains frequently exhibit positive bdg reaction. bdg activity of strains belonging to genus edwardsiella, serratia, yersinia, vibrio, erwinia, alcaligenes, acinetoba ...19911817425
solution behaviour of chromobacter viscosum and pseudomonas sp. lipases. no evidence of self-association.1. the size of two bacterial lipases was studied by sds/page, sedimentation velocity and sedimentation equilibrium to test for possible self-association behaviour. 2. mr values of selected lipases were obtained from sds/page and sedimentation-velocity measurements, together with an absolute determination by sedimentation equilibrium 3. the mr values obtained in a variety of aqueous solvents indicate that lipases do not self-associate in solution, suggesting the absence of surface hydrophobic pat ...19911996958
cloning and expression of chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase in escherichia coli and comparison of amino acid sequence with mammalian aromatic amino acid hydroxylases.the complete amino acid sequence (296 amino acids) of chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine hydroxylase (pah) was determined by nucleotide analysis of a dna clone isolated using both a synthetic oligonucleotide probe based on the nh2-terminal amino acid sequence and an antibody against this enzyme. the apal i fragment (approximately 1.9 kilobase pairs) containing the entire pah gene was subcloned in pbluescript ii and induced by isopropyl-beta-d-thiogalactopyranoside. in order to eliminate fus ...19911655752
continuous glycerolysis of olive oil by chromobacterium viscosum lipase immobilized in liposome in reversed micelles.chromobacterium viscosum lipase which has adsorbed on liposome and solubilized in microemulsion droplets of glycerol containing a little amount of water could catalyze the glycerolysis of olive oil. studies on the continuous glycerolysis of olive oil by the immobilized enzyme was done at 37 degrees c in continuous stirred vessel bioreactor with polysulfone membrane. the effect of the flow rate of substrate (olive oil) in isooctane on the conversion and composition of the outlet was investigated ...199118600711
selective separation and purification of two lipases from chromobacterium viscosum using aot reversed micelles.selective separation and purification of two lipases form chromobacterium viscosum were carried out by liquid-liquid extraction using a reversed micellar system. optimum parameters for extraction were determined using a 250 mm aot micellar solution in isooctane. complete separation of the two lipases was achieved at ph 6.0 with a 50mm potassium phosphate buffer solution containing 50 mm kci. by adding 2.5% by volume of ethanol to the lipase-loaded micellar solution, 85% of the extracted lipase c ...199118600731
[first isolation of chromobacterium violaceum strains, also achromogenic, in drinking water]. 19901715722
hydrodynamic characterization of chromobacter viscosum lipase. 19902083651
endotoxin size in hemodialysis solutions: modifications in presence of concentrated salt solutions and bacterial products. 19902183572
isolation and characterization of acetonitrile utilizing bacteria.bacteria utilizing high concentrations of acetonitrile as the sole carbon source were isolated and identified as chromobacterium sp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa. maximum growth was attained after 96 h of incubation and p. aeruginosa grew slightly faster than chromobacterium sp. the strains were able to grow and oxidize acetonitrile at concentrations as high as 600 mm. however, higher concentrations inhibited growth and oxygen uptake. degradation studies with (14c)acetonitrile indicated 57% of ace ...19901367463
comparative genetic organization of incompatibility group p degradative plasmids.plasmids that encode genes for the degradation of recalcitrant compounds are often examined only for characteristics of the degradative pathways and ignore regions that are necessary for plasmid replication, incompatibility, and conjugation. if these characteristics were known, then the mobility of the catabolic genes between species could be predicted and different catabolic pathways might be combined to alter substrate range. two catabolic plasmids, pss50 and pss60, isolated from chlorobipheny ...19902254257
the use of tween 20 in a sensitive turbidimetric assay of lipolytic enzymes.a turbidimetric esterase assay was developed using a tween 20 solution in the presence of cacl2 and lysobacter enzymogenes esterase (ec 3.1.1.1) as the enzyme source. the reaction was followed by measuring the increase in the optical density at 500 nm (od500) due to the hydrolytic release of the fatty acids from tween 20 and their precipitation as the calcium salts. concentrations of 1.8% tween and 3 mm cacl2 were found to be optimal for the assay of 0.036 to 0.15 esterase units in a 4-ml reacti ...19892501015
pneumonia and meningitis caused by a new nonfermentative unknown gram-negative bacterium.seven isolates of an unclassified bacterium resembling flavobacterium spp. were characterized by growth requirements, microscopic examination, biochemical characteristics, antimicrobial susceptibility tests, protein profile analysis, and serologic data. the unclassified isolates were differentiated from flavobacterium meningosepticum, flavobacterium odoratum, flavobacterium balustinum, flavobacterium strain iib, chromobacterium violaceum, aquaspirillum serpens, and pseudomonas spp. the bacterium ...19892504766
bacterial chemistry-iii: preliminary studies on trypanosomal activities of chromobacterium violaceum products.it has been found that the pigment-i from chromobacterium violaceum, 3-[1,2-dihydro5-(5-hydroxy-1h-indol-3-yl)-2-oxo-3h-pyrrol-3-yli diene] 1,3-dihydro-2h-indol-2-one, has trypanocide activity. the formylated derivatives, pigment-iii, immobilized 100% of the trypanosoma cruzi at a level of 46 microm after 48 h of interaction with a total growth inhibition in the same period. pigment-i exhibited low toxicity and a dna synthesis inhibition similar to that of nifurtimox, a known trypanocide compoun ...19892512826
bacterial ethylene synthesis from 2-oxo-4-thiobutyric acid and from methionine.the ability of selected bacterial cultures to synthesize ethylene during growth in nutrient broth supplemented with methionine or 2-oxo-4-methylthiobutyric acid (kmba) was examined. although most cultures transformed kmba into ethylene, only those of escherichia coli spao and chromobacterium violaceum were able to convert exogenously added methionine to ethylene. in chemically defined media, e. coli spao produced the highest amounts of ethylene from methionine and kmba. this capability was affec ...19892559143
temperature-dependent incorporation of 4-amino-l-arabinose in lipid a of distinct gram-negative bacteria.the presence and the relative amount of 4-amino-l-arabinose in lipopolysaccharides of members of the enterobacteriaceae family and in a single strain of chromobacterium violaceum has been studied with regard to growth-temperature dependent variations. changes in the presence and the amount of 4-amino-l-arabinose (4-aa) were observed in almost all cases, but the variations observed were not consistent among different species. while salmonella minnesota and proteus mirabilis showed higher levels o ...19892583477
effect of growth conditions on production of violacein by chromobacterium violaceum (bb-78 strain).1. chromobacterium violaceum (strain bb-78 isolated in brazil) produces violacein, a substance potentially useful in phototherapy and with antibiotic and trypanocide activity. culture conditions were optimized for the production of violacein and changes in nutrients, temperature and ph were correlated to cellular growth. 2. methionine was the only absolute requirement for growth. alanine, arginine, tryptophan and vitamin b12 stimulated growth and the microorganism utilized both the d and l forms ...19892620169
the pattern of protein synthesis induced by heat-shock of the moderately halophilic bacterium chromobacterium marismortui: protective effect of high salt concentration against the thermal shock.the protein synthetic response to heat shock of the moderately halophilic bacterium chromobacterium marismortui was examined. upon exposure to elevated temperature there is an increased synthesis of a specific subset of proteins (heat shock proteins-hsps) in the molecular weight region of 15 to 90 kd, while normal protein synthesis is severely repressed. the synthesis of hsps reaches a maximum 5 min after heat shock at 42 degrees c. cells recovered their normal protein synthesis patterns rapidly ...19892716536
mechanistic studies on phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum. evidence for the formation of an enzyme-oxygen complex.steady-state kinetic analysis of pterin-dependent phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum indicated that the enzyme follows a partially ordered reaction mechanism. the data suggested that oxygen is the first substrate to bind to the enzyme. this result was further supported by rapid-quench experiments in which the enzyme-oxygen complex was trapped to yield product. additional support for the presence of an enzyme-oxygen complex was derived from magnetic susceptibility measuremen ...19892719947
near-fatal septicaemia with chromobacterium violaceum.chromobacterium violaceum is a gram-negative organism which normally inhabits water and soil. human infection is unusual and is associated with a high mortality rate. we describe a typical case of disseminated infection with chr. violaceum in a male carpet cleaner. the possible origin and treatment of the infection is discussed.19892733620
an acute pleuropneumonia in a pig caused by chromobacterium violaceum.a 2.5-month-old, 30 kg duroc pig died 10 days after showing clinical signs of dyspnoea and diarrhoea. acute necrotizing and fibrinous pleuropneumonia with locally extensive lesions was found. chromobacterium violaceum was isolated from pneumonic lung tissues and intratracheal inoculation of a pure culture into two spf pigs reproduced lesions similar to those found in the natural infection.19892760278
occurrence of drug-resistant bacteria in communal well water around port harcourt, nigeria.a total of 108 raw water samples was collected from 36 wells at nine shanty settlements around port harcourt, nigeria, over a period of 7 months. samples were analysed for their bacteriological quality. selected bacterial strains isolated from the samples were tested for their susceptibility to ten commonly used antibiotics. the organisms isolated include pseudomonas spp., klebsiella spp., staphylococcus spp., proteus spp., enterococcus faecalis, aeromonas spp., escherichia coli, chromobacterium ...19892776852
bacterial colonization of domestic reverse-osmosis water filtration units.we have analyzed the bacterial content of water from the reservoirs of 300 reverse-osmosis units installed in households. the heterotrophic plate counts on r2a medium (20 and 35 degrees c) ranged from 0 to 10(7) colony forming units per millilitre (cfu/ml). most reservoirs contained water with bacterial counts between 10(4) and 10(5) cfu/ml. the bacteria identified were pseudomonas (not aeruginosa), alcaligenes or moraxella, acinetobacter, flavobacterium, and chromobacterium. this report emphasi ...19892611732
[the role of gram-negative non-fermenting bacteria in hospital infections]. 19883237527
a comparative study of virulent and avirulent strains of chromobacterium violaceum.a clinical isolate and a soil isolate of chromobacterium violaceum were compared to determine differences in virulence-related characteristics. purified lipopolysaccharide (endotoxin) from the virulent, clinical strain was more reactive than that from the avirulent soil strain as determined by the limulus amebocyte lysate assay. there were no differences in hemolysin or cyanide production between the two strains. the virulent strain was more resistant to phagocytosis and intracellular killing by ...19882843271
partial purification and characterization of adp sulfurylase from the purple sulfur bacterium thiocapsa roseopersicina.high activities of adp and atp sulfurylase were found in the soluble protein fraction of thiocapsa roseopersicina strain 6311 (dsm 219). adp sulfurylase was partially purified and characterized. it was a very labile soluble enzyme with a molecular weight of 250,000. the optimum ph was 7.5 and the optimal temperature 35 degrees c. under test conditions the apparent km values were determined to be 0.33 mm for adenylylsulfate and 13 mm for phosphate.19882855979
occurrence, transfer and mobilization in epilithic strains of acinetobacter of mercury-resistance plasmids capable of transformation.a 7.8 kb plasmid (pqm17) encoding mercury resistance was isolated from two epilithic strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus. the plasmid had a broad host range when mobilized by rp1, transferring into pseudomonas aeruginosa, p. putida, p. fluorescens, escherichia coli, proteus vulgaris and chromobacterium sp. with frequencies ranging from 5.3 x 10(-9) to 4.6 x 10(-4) per recipient. the plasmid could be transferred into a. calcoaceticus bd413 using intact cells of donor and recipient bacteria (i. ...19883254940
structural heterogeneity regarding local shwartzman activity of lipid a.the relation of chemical structure to local shwartzman activity of lipid a preparations purified by thin-layer chromatography from five bacterial strains was examined. two lipid a fractions from e. coli f515--ec-a2 and ec-a3--exhibited strong activity, similar to that of previous synthetic e. coli-type lipid a (compound 506 or la-15-pp). the ec-a3 fraction contained a component that appeared to be structurally identical to compound 506, and the main component of ec-a2 fraction was structurally s ...19883057331
comparison of the in vitro activity of ciprofloxacin and 24 other antimicrobial agents against clinical strains of chromobacterium violaceum.eleven clinical strains of chromobacterium violaceum were tested for their susceptibility to 25 antimicrobial agents. ciprofloxacin was the most active of the compounds tested although norfloxacin and pefloxacin were highly active. no resistance was detected to mezlocillin, piperacillin, apalcillin, imipenem, and aztreonam while a single strain was resistant to ticarcillin. among the cephalosporin/cephamycin group only cefotetan showed good in vitro activity. gentamicin was more active than amik ...19883168426
aerocavin, a new antibiotic produced by chromobacterium violaceum.a new antibiotic, aerocavin, has been isolated from fermentation broths of a non-pigmented strain of chromobacterium violaceum. the structure 1 was deduced from its spectroscopic properties and x-ray diffraction analysis. aerocavin exhibits activity in vitro against gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria.19883372350
aerocyanidin, a new antibiotic produced by chromobacterium violaceum.aerocyanidin, a new antibiotic containing an isonitrile group, has been isolated from fermentations of chromobacterium violaceum atcc 53434. structure 1 was assigned on the bais of spectroscopic characterization of the antibiotic and of a degradation product that results from treatment with base. the antibiotic is primarily active against gram-positive bacteria.19883372351
production of biosurfactants from sugar alcohols and vegetable oils catalyzed by lipases in a nonaqueous medium.porcine pancreatic and chromobacterium viscosum lipases catalyze transesterification reactions between a number of sugar alcohols and various plant and animal oils in dry pyridine. the products of this process have been identified as primary monoesters of sugar alcohols and fatty acids. these enzymatically prepared sugar alcohol esters have been found to be excellent surfactants in terms of their ability to reduce interfacial and surface tensions and to stabilize emulsions.198818584594
mercury-resistance and mercuric reductase activity in chromobacterium, erwinia, and bacillus species. 19873580613
chromobacterium violaceum phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase. 19873600378
phenylalanine 4-monooxygenase from chromobacterium violaceum. 19872885717
adduct formation between the cupric site of phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum and 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin.the interaction of pterin-dependent phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum with the cofactor analogue 5-deaza-6-methyltetrahydropterin and the cofactor 6,7-dimethyltetrahydropterin (dmph4) has been investigated by multifrequency electron spin resonance (esr) spectroscopy. 5-deaza-6-methyltetrahydropterin, which lacks the n-5 nitrogen present in the pyrazine ring of dmph4, binds tightly to the cupric form of the enzyme; however, no changes are observed in the esr parameters of t ...19872822093
glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency, neutrophil dysfunction and chromobacterium violaceum sepsis. 19873681551
chromobacterium violaceum meningitis--a case report. 19873449453
[role of halophilic and halotrophic bacteria in the chronic problems of long-term dialysis]. 19873319061
[use of chromobacterin to control the larvae of blood-sucking mosquitoes]. 19873448483
[mobilization of granulocyte-macrophage colony-forming cells (cfu-gm) into the peripheral blood of the mouse by ch. violaceum endotoxin]. 19873603064
bacteremia caused by cdc group ve-1 in previously healthy patient with granulomatous hepatitis.this is a case report of cdc group ve-1 bacteremia in an otherwise healthy patient with granulomatous hepatitis.19873667927
natural microbiologic hazards of the aquatic environment. 19873311341
the mechanism of action of phenylalanine hydroxylase. 19863014980
isolation and characterization of aerobic heterotrophic bacteria from natural spring waters in the lanjaron area (spain).aerobic, heterotrophic bacteria were isolated from nine natural mineral water springs in the lanjaron area of spain over the period july 1980 to may 1981. the mineral waters contained few bacteria (mean counts 26-5275 cfu per 100 ml) and the bacterial flora of all nine springs was very similar. most of the isolates were gram-negative rods (90%), and among these pseudomonas spp. and members of the flavobacterium-cytophaga-flexibacter group were numerically dominant. aeromonas-vibrio and enterobac ...19863781942
unusual mucocutaneous infections in immunosuppressed patients with leukemia--expansion of an earlier study. 19863513146
microbial cyanide metabolism. 19863532718
[fatal septicemia due to chromobacterium violaceum].a 2-year old boy was suffered from an infection caused by chromobacterium violaceum. this is the first case of c. violaceum infection reported in taiwan. the boy was treated with chloramphenicol and gentamicin but died after one month of illness due to the incooperation of patient's family. the causative agent was isolated from patient's blood and scar. complete bacteriologic characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of this isolate are reported.19863816371
cell-free biosynthesis of arphamenine a.arphamenine a was synthesized in a cell-free system obtained from the arphamenine-producing strain, chromobacterium violaceum bmg361-cf4. l-[14c]-phenylalanine was converted to beta-phenylpyruvic acid by phenylalanine amino-transferase obtained from the 10,000 x g supernatant (s10 fraction). [14c]-benzylmalic acid was synthesized from beta-phenylpyruvic acid with [14c]-acetyl-coa in the s10 fraction. [14c]-benzylsuccinic acid was formed from beta-phenylpyruvic acid with [14c]-acetyl-coa and atp ...19863707594
first case report from argentina of fatal septicemia caused by chromobacterium violaceum.a case of chromobacterium violaceum fatal septicemia is reported. the microorganism was isolated from six blood cultures and two suppurated skin lesions. it is the first such case described in argentina, and it reinforces the need for prolonged treatment and careful clinical evaluation to ensure complete remission of human infections caused by this bacterium.19863711283
nonfatal chromobacterial sepsis.we have described a case of multiple liver abscesses caused by chromobacterium violaceum. this organism should be considered in any case of unexplained liver abscess occurring in the southeastern united states. successful treatment of liver abscesses caused by this organism may be accomplished with appropriate antibiotic therapy.19863750002
phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum is a copper-containing monooxygenase. kinetics of the reductive activation of the enzyme.pterin-dependent phenylalanine hydroxylase from chromobacterium violaceum contains a stoichiometric amount of copper (cu2+, 1 mol/mol of enzyme). electron paramagnetic resonance spectroscopy of the enzyme indicates that it is a type ii copper-containing protein. the oxidized enzyme must be reduced by a single electron to be catalytically active. dithiothreitol was found to be an effective reducing agent for the enzyme. electron paramagnetic resonance data and kinetic results indicate the formati ...19863024714
[chromobacterium violaceum infection. presentation of a case with fatal outcome]. 19863299554
variability of the influence of physicochemical factors affecting bacterial adhesion to polystyrene substrata.the role of electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions and solid and liquid surface tensions in the adhesion of four bacterial species (pseudomonas fluorescens, enterobacter cloacae, chromobacterium sp., and flexibacter sp.) to hydrophobic polystyrene petri dishes and to more hydrophilic polystyrene tissue culture dishes was investigated. the effect of electrostatic interactions was investigated by determining the effects of different electrolyte solutions on attachment to and of different elect ...198616347145
denitrification by chromobacterium violaceum.one host (rana catesbiana)-associated and two free-living mesophilic strains of bacteria with violet pigmentation and biochemical characteristics of chromobacterium violaceum were isolated from freshwater habitats. cells of each freshly isolated strain and of strain atcc 12472 (the neotype strain) grew anaerobically with glucose as the sole carbon and energy source. the major fermentation products of cells grown in trypticase soy broth (bbl microbiology systems, cockeysville, md.) supplemented w ...198616347164
chromobacterium violaceum adenitis acquired in the northern united states as a complication of chronic granulomatous disease. 19854080593
novel potentiators of beta-lactam antibiotics. isolation of sq28,504 and sq28,546 from chromobacterium violaceum.two novel compounds, sq28,504 and sq28,546 are produced by chromobacterium violaceum. these compounds enhance the antibacterial activity of beta-lactam antibiotics against gram-negative organisms. both sq28,504 and sq28,546 induce morphological changes in the presence of beta-lactam antibiotics. only sq28,546 has weak antimicrobial activity against several gram-negative organisms.19853839229
quantitative studies of heat-stable proteinase from pseudomonas fluorescens p1 by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.pseudomonas fluorescens p1 is a psychrotrophic bacterium isolated from milk. proteinase p1, the main extracellular heat-stable proteinase fraction of p. fluorescens p1, has been purified to homogeneity. a procedure with a sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, using microplates and alkaline phosphatase conjugate was shown to detect 0.25 ng of proteinase p1 in 1 ml of reconstituted skim milk or defatted cream. the method offers the combination of sensitivity and specificity for the detection ...19853920965
nature and location of amide-bound (r)-3-acyloxyacyl groups in lipid a of lipopolysaccharides from various gram-negative bacteria.it has previously been demonstrated [eur. j. biochem. 124, 191-198 (1982) and 137, 15-22 (1983)] that the lipid a component of salmonella and proteus lipopolysaccharides contains amide-linked (r)-3-acyloxyacyl residues. in the present study lipid a of other gram-negative bacteria was analysed for the presence of amide-bound 3-acyloxyacyl residues. it was found that such residues are constituents of all lipid a tested (agrobacterium tumefaciens, chromobacterium violaceum, pseudomonas aeruginosa, ...19846437812
[effect of solid substrates of microbial colony development].bacteria have been found to grow differently at contact sites to both organic and anorganic solids as on pure agar media. of 16 ad hoc selected bacterial strains, the following species (arranged in decreasing order) responded with stronger colony formation: bacillus subtilis, b. cereus, streptococcus sanguis, s. saprophyticus, s. faecalis, escherichia coli, micrococcus flavus, actinomyces viscosus, veillonella sp., enterobacter liquefaciens, yersinia enterocolitica. lactobacillus casei behaved n ...19846326398
[bacteria and dietary fiber].the presence of cellulose particles, so in-vitro studies have shown, influences the growth rate and metabolic activity of the bacteria escherichia coli, bifidobacterium adolescentis and chromobacterium violaceum. after the homogenization in waring blendor, the growth rate has been found to be highest in a medium containing 10% cellulose particles and to show a decreasing tendency in media containing 5%, 1% and 0% cellulose. the biochemical intensity, judged by glucose consumption and intensity o ...19846326399
recurrent infection with chromobacterium violaceum: first case report from south america.a case of chromobacteriosis in a young brazilian with toxaemia and multiple skin abscesses is described. the infection responded to treatment with chloramphenicol and cotrimoxazole but recurred 18 months later following insect bites received while fishing in a river. chromobacterium violaceum was subsequently isolated from the river water. this is the first case of this kind to be reported from south america.19846334119
prosthetic valve endocarditis caused by group ve-1 bacteria (chromobacterium typhiflavum).a case of fatal prosthetic valve endocarditis was caused by group ve-1 bacteria. bacteriological characteristics and antibiotic susceptibilities are presented, as well as a brief discussion of the isolates of the ve-1 organism in ontario.19846511882
chromobacterium violaceum as a cause of periorbital cellulitis. 19846514595
hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme system and endotoxin tolerance: structural requirement of lps in induction of an early tolerance.the alteration of hepatic drug-metabolizing enzyme activities in mice given salmonella endotoxin by single or multiple intraperitoneal injections was investigated. an essentially the same biphasic, early and late phase, endotoxin tolerance was observed in the animals receiving a single injection of endotoxin or repetitive daily injections. the results of reciprocal cross tolerance tests using lipopolysaccharide and free lipid a preparations derived from salmonella minnesota, salmonella typhimuri ...19846521669
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