Publications

evaluation of inoculum addition to stimulate in situ bioremediation of oily-sludge-contaminated soil.	a full-scale study evaluating an inoculum addition to stimulate in situ bioremediation of oily-sludge-contaminated soil was conducted at an oil refinery where the indigenous population of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the soil was very low (10(3) to 10(4) cfu/g of soil). a feasibility study was conducted prior to the full-scale bioremediation study. in this feasibility study, out of six treatments, the application of a bacterial consortium and nutrients resulted in maximum biodegradation of ...	2001	11282620
bovine spongiform encephalopathy and variant creutzfeldt-jakob disease.		2001	11290640
characterization of nonfermenters from clinical samples.	nonfermenters are a group of aerobic non sporing gram-negative bacilli found primarily free in nature and as commensals, whose pathogenic potentials are well established. the current study was conducted to assess the role of these nonfermenters in various infections and to characterize these isolates.	2001	11291970
influence of iron on growth, production of siderophore compounds, membrane proteins, and lipase activity in acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd 413.	acinetobacter calcoaceticus bd413 was examined for production of siderophores and iron-repressible outer membrane proteins following growth in iron-restricted media. the iron-scavenging phenotype was associated with the secretion of iron-repressible catechol and the induction of a group of six outer membrane proteins with molecular weights ranging from 34 to 85 kda. the amount of catechol produced was dependent on medium composition and iron stringency. the relation between iron limitation and l ...	2001	11297356
production, purification and some properties of bac201, a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance produced by staphylococcus aureus ab201.	staphylococcus aureus ab201, a clinical isolate from wound pus, produced a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance termed as bac201, that was inhibitory to streptococcus agalactiae, enterococcus faecalis, acinetobacter calcoaceticus, neisseria meningitidis and a number of staphylococcal species. it was purified to homogeneity by ammonium sulfate precipitation, gel filtration (biosil-sec-125), and reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (vydac c4). the native bac201 was sized at appro ...	2001	11314243
genetic characterization and evolutionary implications of a car gene cluster in the carbazole degrader pseudomonas sp. strain ca10.	the nucleotide sequences of the 27,939-bp-long upstream and 9,448-bp-long downstream regions of the caraaaababbcac(orf7)ad genes of carbazole-degrading pseudomonas sp. strain ca10 were determined. thirty-two open reading frames (orfs) were identified, and the car gene cluster was consequently revealed to consist of 10 genes (caraaaababbcacaddfe) encoding the enzymes for the three-step conversion of carbazole to anthranilate and the degradation of 2-hydroxypenta-2,4-dienoate. the high identities ...	2001	11371531
bacterial diversity in human subgingival plaque.	the purpose of this study was to determine the bacterial diversity in the human subgingival plaque by using culture-independent molecular methods as part of an ongoing effort to obtain full 16s rrna sequences for all cultivable and not-yet-cultivated species of human oral bacteria. subgingival plaque was analyzed from healthy subjects and subjects with refractory periodontitis, adult periodontitis, human immunodeficiency virus periodontitis, and acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis. 16s ribos ...	2001	11371542
hydrolysis of 4-hydroxybenzoic acid esters (parabens) and their aerobic transformation into phenol by the resistant enterobacter cloacae strain em.	enterobacter cloacae strain em was isolated from a commercial dietary mineral supplement stabilized by a mixture of methylparaben and propylparaben. it harbored a high-molecular-weight plasmid and was resistant to high concentrations of parabens. strain em was able to grow in liquid media containing similar amounts of parabens as found in the mineral supplement (1,700 and 180 mg of methyl and propylparaben, respectively, per liter or 11.2 and 1.0 mm) and in very high concentrations of methylpara ...	2001	11375144
cloning and expression of the benzoate dioxygenase genes from rhodococcus sp. strain 19070.	the bopxyz genes from the gram-positive bacterium rhodococcus sp. strain 19070 encode a broad-substrate-specific benzoate dioxygenase. expression of the bopxy terminal oxygenase enabled escherichia coli to convert benzoate or anthranilate (2-aminobenzoate) to a nonaromatic cis-diol or catechol, respectively. this expression system also rapidly transformed m-toluate (3-methylbenzoate) to an unidentified product. in contrast, 2-chlorobenzoate was not a good substrate. the bopxyz dioxygenase was ho ...	2001	11375157
chromosomal gene inactivation in the green sulfur bacterium chlorobium tepidum by natural transformation.	conditions for inactivating chromosomal genes of chlorobium tepidum by natural transformation and homologous recombination were established. as a model, mutants unable to perform nitrogen fixation were constructed by interrupting nifd with various antibiotic resistance markers. growth of wild-type c. tepidum at 40 degrees c on agar plates could be completely inhibited by 100 microg of gentamicin ml(-1), 2 microg of erythromycin ml(-1), 30 microg of chloramphenicol ml(-1), or 1 microg of tetracyc ...	2001	11375161
natural transformation of pseudomonas fluorescens and agrobacterium tumefaciens in soil.	little information is available concerning the occurrence of natural transformation of bacteria in soil, the frequency of such events, and the actual role of this process on bacterial evolution. this is because few bacteria are known to possess the genes required to develop competence and because the tested bacteria are unable to reach this physiological state in situ. in this study we found that two soil bacteria, agrobacterium tumefaciens and pseudomonas fluorescens, can undergo transformation ...	2001	11375171
xyloside transport by xylp, a member of the galactoside-pentoside-hexuronide family.	this paper describes the functional characterization of the xyloside transporter, xylp, of lactobacillus pentosus with the aid of a spectroscopy-based assay system. in order to monitor the transport reaction, the natural xyloside isoprimeverose, a building block of hemicellulose, and the analogue methyl-isoprimeverose were chemically synthesized by a new and efficient procedure. the xylp protein was purified by metal affinity chromatography, following high level expression in lactococcus lactis ...	2001	11408491
the alkane hydroxylase gene of burkholderia cepacia rr10 is under catabolite repression control.	in many microorganisms the first step for alkane degradation is the terminal oxidation of the molecule by an alkane hydroxylase. we report the characterization of a gene coding for an alkane hydroxylase in a burkholderia cepacia strain isolated from an oil-contaminated site. the protein encoded showed similarity to other known or predicted bacterial alkane hydroxylases, although it clustered on a separate branch together with the predicted alkane hydroxylase of a mycobacterium tuberculosis strai ...	2001	11418560
phcs represses gratuitous expression of phenol-metabolizing enzymes in comamonas testosteroni r5.	we identified an open reading frame, designated phcs, downstream of the transcriptional activator gene (phcr) for the expression of multicomponent phenol hydroxylase (mph) in comamonas testosteroni r5. the deduced product of phcs was homologous to aphs of c. testosteroni ta441, which belongs to the gntr family of transcriptional regulators. the transformation of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1c (phenol negative, catechol positive) with pror502 containing phcr and the mph genes conferred the ability ...	2001	11418563
protein synthesis patterns in acinetobacter calcoaceticus induced by phenol and catechol show specificities of responses to chemostress.	the proteins induced in acinetobacter calcoaceticus by the potentially toxic growth substrates phenol and catechol were analyzed by 2d-electrophoresis of cell extracts and compared with those induced by heat shock and oxidative stress. although both aromatic compounds are quite similar, the only difference being that catechol has an additional hydroxyl group, the responses obtained differed considerably. phenol has greater lipophilicity and mainly induced heat shock proteins, whereas catechol, w ...	2001	11425483
natural transformation in mesophilic and thermophilic bacteria: identification and characterization of novel, closely related competence genes in acinetobacter sp. strain bd413 and thermus thermophilus hb27.	the mesophile acinetobacter sp. strain bd413 and the extreme thermophile thermus thermophilus hb27 display high frequencies of natural transformation. in this study we identified and characterized a novel competence gene in acinetobacter sp. strain bd413, coma, whose product displays significant similarities to the competence proteins coma and comec in neisseria and bacillus species. transcription of coma correlated with growth phase-dependent transcriptional regulation of the recently identifie ...	2001	11425734
o-antigen diversity among acinetobacter baumannii strains from the czech republic and northwestern europe, as determined by lipopolysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies.	o-antigen-specific monoclonal antibodies (mabs) are currently being generated to develop an o-serotyping scheme for the genus acinetobacter and to provide potent tools to study the diversity of o-antigens among acinetobacter strains. in this report, acinetobacter baumannii strains from the czech republic and from two clonal groups identified in northwestern europe (termed clones i and ii) were investigated for their reactivity with a panel of o-antigen-specific mabs generated against acinetobact ...	2001	11427571
complex regulation of the organic hydroperoxide resistance gene (ohr) from xanthomonas involves ohrr, a novel organic peroxide-inducible negative regulator, and posttranscriptional modifications.	analysis of the sequence immediate upstream of ohr revealed an open reading frame, designated ohrr, with the potential to encode a 17-kda peptide with moderate amino acid sequence homology to the marr family of negative regulators of gene expression. ohrr was transcribed as bicistronic mrna with ohr, while ohr mrna was found to be 95% monocistronic and 5% bicistronic with ohrr. expression of both genes was induced by tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tbooh) treatment. high-level expression of ohrr negat ...	2001	11443074
mechanism of chloride elimination from 3-chloro- and 2,4-dichloro-cis,cis-muconate: new insight obtained from analysis of muconate cycloisomerase variant catb-k169a.	chloromuconate cycloisomerases of bacteria utilizing chloroaromatic compounds are known to convert 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate to cis-dienelactone (cis-4-carboxymethylenebut-2-en-4-olide), while usual muconate cycloisomerases transform the same substrate to the bacteriotoxic protoanemonin. formation of protoanemonin requires that the cycloisomerization of 3-chloro-cis,cis-muconate to 4-chloromuconolactone is completed by protonation of the exocyclic carbon of the presumed enol/enolate intermediate ...	2001	11443090
ca(2+) stabilizes the semiquinone radical of pyrroloquinoline quinone.	spectroelectrochemical studies were performed on the interaction between ca(2+) and pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) in soluble glucose dehydrogenase (sgdh) and in the free state by applying a mediated continuous-flow column electrolytic spectroelectrochemical technique. the enzyme forms used were holo-sgdh (the holo-form of sgdh from acinetobacter calcoaceticus) and an incompletely reconstituted form of this, holo-x, in which the pqq-activating ca(2+) is lacking. the spectroelectrochemical and es ...	2001	11463363
requirement of novel competence genes pilt and pilu of pseudomonas stutzeri for natural transformation and suppression of pilt deficiency by a hexahistidine tag on the type iv pilus protein pilai.	the ubiquitous species pseudomonas stutzeri has type iv pili, and these are essential for the natural transformation of the cells. an absolute transformation-deficient mutant obtained after transposon mutagenesis had an insertion in a gene which was termed pilt. the deduced amino acid sequence has identity with pilt of pseudomonas aeruginosa (94%), neisseria gonorrhoeae (67%), and other gram-negative species and it contains a nucleotide-binding motif. the mutant was hyperpiliated but defective f ...	2001	11466271
identification and functional characterization of cbar, a marr-like modulator of the cbaabc-encoded chlorobenzoate catabolism pathway.	in comamonas testosteroni br60 (formerly alcaligenes sp. strain br60), catabolism of the pollutant 3-chlorobenzoate (3cba) is initiated by enzymes encoded by cbaabc, an operon found on composite transposon tn5271 of plasmid pbrc60. the cbaabc gene product cbaabc converts 3cba to protocatechuate (pca) and 5-cl-pca, which are then metabolized by the chromosomal pca meta (extradiol) ring fission pathway. in this study, cbaa was found to possess a sigma(70) type promoter. o(2) uptake experiments wit ...	2001	11472929
effect of primers hybridizing to different evolutionarily conserved regions of the small-subunit rrna gene in pcr-based microbial community analyses and genetic profiling.	genetic profiling techniques of microbial communities based on pcr-amplified signature genes, such as denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis or single-strand-conformation polymorphism (sscp) analysis, are normally done with pcr products of less than 500-bp. the most common target for diversity analysis, the small-subunit rrna genes, however, are larger, and thus, only partial sequences can be analyzed. here, we compared the results obtained by pcr targeting different variable (v) regions (v2 an ...	2001	11472932
molecular cloning, nucleotide sequence, and expression of genes encoding a polycyclic aromatic ring dioxygenase from mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1.	mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1 degrades high-molecular-weight polycyclic hydrocarbons (pahs) primarily through the introduction of both atoms of molecular oxygen by a dioxygenase. to clone the dioxygenase genes involved in pah degradation, two-dimensional (2d) gel electrophoresis of pah-induced proteins from cultures of mycobacterium sp. strain pyr-1 was used to detect proteins that increased after phenanthrene, dibenzothiophene, and pyrene exposure. comparison of proteins from induced and unind ...	2001	11472934
modelling bacterial spoilage in cold-filled ready to drink beverages by acinetobacter calcoaceticus and gluconobacter oxydans.	mathematical models were created which predict the growth of spoilage bacteria in response to various preservation systems.	2001	11473588
development of conventional and real-time pcr assays for detection of legionella dna in respiratory specimens.	the development and validation of a pcr assay based on the use of new 16s ribosomal dna (rdna)-targeted primers to detect legionella dna in respiratory specimens are described. the assay was originally developed as conventional pcr followed by electrophoretic detection and was then adapted to lightcycler format with sybr green i detection and melting curve analysis. the 73 legionella pneumophila strains tested were amplified with both applications. in addition, 21 and 23 out of 27 other legionel ...	2001	11474011
in vitro and in vivo antibacterial activities of tak-083, an agent for treatment of helicobacter pylori infection.	the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was tested against 54 clinical isolates of helicobacter pylori and was compared with those of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, and metronidazole. the growth-inhibitory activity of tak-083 was more potent than that of amoxicillin, clarithromycin, or metronidazole (the mics at which 90% of the strains are inhibited were 0.031, 0.125, 64, and 8 microg/ml, respectively). the antibacterial activity of tak-083 was highly selective against h. pylori; there was a >30-fo ...	2001	11502514
direct incorporation of glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine into exopolymers by gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) atcc 10245: production of chitosan-cellulose and chitin-cellulose exopolymers.	gluconacetobacter xylinus (=acetobacter xylinum) atcc 10245 incorporated 2-amino-2-deoxy-d-glucose (glucosamine) and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose (n-acetylglucosamine), but not 3-o-methyl-d-glucose or 2-deoxy-d-glucose into exopolymers. incorporation was confirmed by gas chromatography with and without mass spectrometry, fourier transform infrared, and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance. the average molar percentage of glucosamine and n-acetylglucosamine in the exopolymers was about 18%.	2001	11525993
characterization by 16s rrna sequence analysis of pseudomonads causing blotch disease of cultivated agaricus bisporus.	bacterial blotch of agaricus bisporus has typically been identified as being caused by either pseudomonas tolaasii (brown blotch) or pseudomonas gingeri (ginger blotch). to address the relatedness of pseudomonads able to induce blotch, a pilot study was initiated in which pseudomonads were selectively isolated from mushroom farms throughout new zealand. thirty-three pseudomonad isolates were identified as being capable of causing different degrees of discoloration (separable into nine categories ...	2001	11526038
physiological characterization of pseudomonas putida dot-t1e tolerance to p-hydroxybenzoate.	pseudomonas putida dot-t1e was isolated as a toluene-tolerant strain. we show that it is also able to grow on high concentrations (up to 17 g/liter [123 mm]) of p-hydroxybenzoate (4hba). tolerance to this aromatic carboxylic acid (up to 30 g/liter [217 mm]) is improved by preexposing the cells to low 4hba concentrations; the adaptation process is caused by the substrate itself rather than by products resulting from its metabolism. the mechanisms of 4hba tolerance seem to involve increased rigidi ...	2001	11526042
evaluation of the vitek 2 system for the identification and susceptibility testing of three species of nonfermenting gram-negative rods frequently isolated from clinical samples.	vitek 2 is a new automatic system for the identification and susceptibility testing of the most clinically important bacteria. in the present study 198 clinical isolates, including pseudomonas aeruginosa (n = 146), acinetobacter baumannii (n = 25), and stenotrophomonas maltophilia (n = 27) were evaluated. reference susceptibility testing of cefepime, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, ciprofloxacin, gentamicin, imipenem, meropenem, piperacillin, tobramycin, levofloxacin (only for p. aeruginosa), co-trimox ...	2001	11526158
[degradation of mineral oil by acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain].	the acinetobacter calcoaceticus strain tm-31 has been isolated from a microbial assemblage of a pilot plant purifying waste water polluted with mineral oil. this strain is capable of efficient degradation of components of mineral oil (alkanes, isoalkanes, and alkyl residues of the naphthene and arene fraction. the strain bears stably inherited plasmids of sizes 120, 9, and 8 kb, which can be transferred into plasmid-free cells of the parental strain and into bacteria of the genus pseudomonas and ...	2001	11530661
monoclonal antibodies against the iron regulated outer membrane proteins of acinetobacter baumannii are bactericidal.	background: iron is an important nutrient required by all forms of life.in the case of human hosts,the free iron availability is 10(-18) m,which is far less than what is needed for the survival of the invading bacterial pathogen. to survive in such conditions, bacteria express new proteins in their outer membrane and also secrete iron chelators called siderophores. results/ discussion: acinetobacter baumannii atcc 19606, a nosocomial pathogen which grows under iron restricted conditions, express ...	2001	11532195
multiple origins and replication proteins influence biological properties of beta-lactamase-producing plasmids from neisseria gonorrhoeae.	the beta-lactamase-producing asia-type plasmid pjd4 of neisseria gonorrhoeae is a 7.4-kb, broad-host-range plasmid. it is part of a family of plasmids which are structurally related yet vary in size, found in both n. gonorrhoeae and haemophilus ducreyi. branch-point analysis by electron microscopy indicates that pjd4 carries three clustered but distinguishable origins of replication, which we named ori1, ori2, and ori3. although pjd4 belongs to incompatibility (inc) group w, it also carries a si ...	2001	11544207
monitoring intracellular levels of xylr in pseudomonas putida with a single-chain antibody specific for aromatic-responsive enhancer-binding proteins.	we have isolated a recombinant phage antibody (phab) that binds a distinct epitope of the subclass of the sigma(54)-dependent prokaryotic enhancer-binding proteins that respond directly to aromatic effectors, e.g., those that activate biodegradative operons of pseudomonas spp. the dna segments encoding the variable (v) domains of the immunoglobulins expressed by mice immunized with the c-terminal half of tour (tourdeltaa) of pseudomonas stutzeri ox1 were amplified and rearranged in vitro as sing ...	2001	11544219
cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and functional analysis of a novel, mobile cluster of biodegradation genes from pseudomonas aeruginosa strain jb2.	we have identified in pseudomonas aeruginosa strain jb2 a novel cluster of mobile genes encoding degradation of hydroxy- and halo-aromatic compounds. nineteen open reading frames were located and, based on sequence similarities, were putatively identified as encoding a ring hydroxylating oxygenase (hybabcd), an atp-binding cassette-type transporter, an extradiol ring-cleavage dioxygenase, transcriptional regulatory proteins, enzymes mediating chlorocatechol degradation, and transposition functio ...	2001	11571162
group-specific monitoring of phenol hydroxylase genes for a functional assessment of phenol-stimulated trichloroethylene bioremediation.	the sequences of the largest subunit of bacterial multicomponent phenol hydroxylases (lmphs) were compared. it was found that lmphs formed three phylogenetic groups, i, ii, and iii, corresponding to three previously reported kinetic groups, low-k(s) (the half-saturation constant in haldane's equation for trichloroethylene [tce]), moderate-k(s), and high-k(s) groups. consensus sequences and specific amino acid residues for each group of lmph were found, which facilitated the design of universal a ...	2001	11571171
genetic and functional analysis of the tbc operons for catabolism of alkyl- and chloroaromatic compounds in burkholderia sp. strain js150.	burkholderia sp. strain js150 is able to metabolize a wide range of alkyl-and chloroaromatic hydrocarbons through multiple, apparently redundant catabolic pathways. previous research has shown that strain js150 is able to synthesize enzymes for multiple upper pathways as well as multiple lower pathways to accommodate variously substituted catechols that result from degradation of complex mixtures of monoaromatic compounds. we report here the genetic organization and functional characterization o ...	2001	11571188
cloning and genetic characterization of dca genes required for beta-oxidation of straight-chain dicarboxylic acids in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1.	a previous study of deletions in the protocatechuate (pca) region of the acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 chromosome revealed that genes required for utilization of the six-carbon dicarboxylic acid, adipic acid, are linked to the pca structural genes. to investigate the genes involved in adipate catabolism, a 33.8-kb saci fragment, which corrects a deletion spanning this region, was cloned. in addition to containing known pca, qui, and pob genes (for protocatechuate, quinate, and 4-hydroxybenzoate ...	2001	11571189
physical and metabolic interactions of pseudomonas sp. strain ja5-b45 and rhodococcus sp. strain f9-d79 during growth on crude oil and effect of a chemical surfactant on them.	methods to enhance crude oil biodegradation by mixed bacterial cultures, for example, (bio)surfactant addition, are complicated by the diversity of microbial populations within a given culture. the physical and metabolic interactions between rhodococcus sp. strain f9-d79 and pseudomonas sp. strain ja5-b45 were examined during growth on bow river crude oil. the effects of a nonionic chemical surfactant, igepal co-630 (nonylphenol ethoxylate), also were evaluated. strain f9-d79 grew attached to th ...	2001	11571196
the efficacy of chemical agents in cleaning and disinfection programs.	due to the growing number of outbreaks of infection in hospital nurseries, it becomes essential to set up a sanitation program that indicates that the appropriate chemical agent was chosen for application in the most effective way.	2001	11591223
lactone-ring-cleaving enzymes of microorganisms: their diversity and applications.	microbial lactonohydrolases (lactone-ring-cleaving enzymes) with unique characteristics were found. the fusarium oxysporum enzyme catalyzes the reversible and stereospecific hydrolysis of aldonate lactones and d-pantolactone (d-pl), and is useful for the optical resolution of racemic pl. the agrobacterium tumefaciens enzyme hydrolyzes several aromatic lactones, and catalyzes the stereospecific hydrolysis of pl like the fusarium enzyme, but its selectivity is opposite. the acinetobacter calcoacet ...	2001	11640988
cloning and characterization of benzoate catabolic genes in the gram-positive polychlorinated biphenyl degrader rhodococcus sp. strain rha1.	benzoate catabolism is thought to play a key role in aerobic bacterial degradation of biphenyl and polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). benzoate catabolic genes were cloned from a pcb degrader, rhodococcus sp. strain rha1, by using pcr amplification and temporal temperature gradient electrophoresis separation. a nucleotide sequence determination revealed that the deduced amino acid sequences encoded by the rha1 benzoate catabolic genes, benabcdk, exhibit 33 to 65% identity with those of acinetobact ...	2001	11673430
complete nucleotide sequence and overexpression of cat1 gene cluster, and roles of the putative transcriptional activator catr1 in acinetobacter lwoffii k24 capable of aniline degradation.	the aniline-assimilating bacterium acinetobacter lwoffii k24 has two cat gene clusters (cat1 and cat2). in this study, we completely sequenced 10-kb dna fragment of cat1 genes of a. lwoffii k24, which had been cloned in plasmid pcd1-1. sequence analysis revealed that the order of genes in the cat1 operon-containing gene cluster was orf porin, catr1, catb1c1a1d, orf1, and orf2. two orfs located immediately downstream catd were most similar with two orfs in cat gene cluster of acinetobacter calcoa ...	2001	11676491
two distinct monooxygenases for alkane oxidation in nocardioides sp. strain cf8.	alkane monooxygenases in nocardioides sp. strain cf8 were examined at the physiological and genetic levels. strain cf8 can utilize alkanes ranging in chain length from c(2) to c(16). butane degradation by butane-grown cells was strongly inhibited by allylthiourea, a copper-selective chelator, while hexane-, octane-, and decane-grown cells showed detectable butane degradation activity in the presence of allylthiourea. growth on butane and hexane was strongly inhibited by 1-hexyne, while 1-hexyne ...	2001	11679317
detection and quantification of methyl tert-butyl ether-degrading strain pm1 by real-time taqman pcr.	the fuel oxygenate methyl tert-butyl ether (mtbe), a widely distributed groundwater contaminant, shows potential for treatment by in situ bioremediation. the bacterial strain pm1 rapidly mineralizes and grows on mtbe in laboratory cultures and can degrade the contaminant when inoculated into groundwater or soil microcosms. we applied the taqman quantitative pcr method to detect and quantify strain pm1 in laboratory and field samples. specific primers and probes were designed for the 16s ribosoma ...	2001	11679339
antibody responses to acinetobacter spp. and pseudomonas aeruginosa in multiple sclerosis: prospects for diagnosis using the myelin-acinetobacter-neurofilament antibody index.	antibody responses to acinetobacter (five strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa, escherichia coli, myelin basic protein (mbp), and neurofilaments were measured in sera from 26 multiple sclerosis (ms) patients, 20 patients with cerebrovascular accidents (cva), 10 patients with viral encephalitis, and 25 healthy blood donors. in ms patients, elevated levels of antibodies against all strains of acinetobacter tested were present, as well as antibodies against p. aeruginosa, mbp, and neurofilaments, but n ...	2001	11687461
functions of the mismatch repair gene muts from acinetobacter sp. strain adp1.	the genus acinetobacter encompasses a heterogeneous group of bacteria that are ubiquitous in the natural environment due in part to their ability to adapt genetically to novel challenges. acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 (also known as strain bd413) is naturally transformable and takes up dna from any source. donor dna can be integrated into the chromosome by recombination provided it possesses sufficient levels of nucleotide sequence identity to the recipient's dna. in other bacteria, the requirem ...	2001	11698371
resistance-nodulation-cell division-type efflux pump involved in aminoglycoside resistance in acinetobacter baumannii strain bm4454.	multidrug-resistant strain acinetobacter baumannii bm4454 was isolated from a patient with a urinary tract infection. the adeb gene, which encodes a resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd) protein, was detected in this strain by pcr with two degenerate oligodeoxynucleotides. insertional inactivation of adeb in bm4454, which generated bm4454-1, showed that the corresponding protein was responsible for aminoglycoside resistance and was involved in the level of susceptibility to other drugs inclu ...	2001	11709311
h(2)o(2)-forming nadh oxidase with diaphorase (cytochrome) activity from archaeoglobus fulgidus.	an enzyme exhibiting nadh oxidase (diaphorase) activity was isolated from the hyperthermophilic sulfate-reducing anaerobe archaeoglobus fulgidus. n-terminal sequence of the protein indicates that it is coded for by open reading frame af0395 in the a. fulgidus genome. the gene af0395 was cloned and its product was purified from escherichia coli. like the native nadh oxidase (noxa2), the recombinant noxa2 (rnoxa2) has an apparent molecular mass of 47 kda, requires flavin adenine dinucleotide for a ...	2001	11717257
sequence analysis of a 101-kilobase plasmid required for agar degradation by a microscilla isolate.	an agar-degrading marine bacterium identified as a microscilla species was isolated from coastal california marine sediment. this organism harbored a single 101-kb circular dna plasmid designated psd15. the complete nucleotide sequence of psd15 was obtained, and sequence analysis indicated a number of genes putatively encoding a variety of enzymes involved in polysaccharide utilization. the most striking feature was the occurrence of five putative agarase genes. loss of the plasmid, which occurr ...	2001	11722934
diversity of the ring-cleaving dioxygenase gene pcah in a salt marsh bacterial community.	degradation of lignin-related aromatic compounds is an important ecological process in the highly productive salt marshes of the southeastern united states, yet little is known about the mediating organisms or their catabolic pathways. here we report the diversity of a gene encoding a key ring-cleaving enzyme of the beta-ketoadipate pathway, pcah, amplified from bacterial communities associated with decaying spartina alterniflora, the salt marsh grass that dominates these coastal systems, as wel ...	2001	11722937
biodegradation of aromatic compounds by escherichia coli.	although escherichia coli has long been recognized as the best-understood living organism, little was known about its abilities to use aromatic compounds as sole carbon and energy sources. this review gives an extensive overview of the current knowledge of the catabolism of aromatic compounds by e. coli. after giving a general overview of the aromatic compounds that e. coli strains encounter and mineralize in the different habitats that they colonize, we provide an up-to-date status report on th ...	2001	11729263
[the detection of phenol degrading strain in environment with specific primer of phenol hydroxylase gene].	a 684 bp oligonucleotide fragment was produced by pcr amplification from phenol-degrading strain acinetobacter calcoaceticus phea-2 with the specific primers of gene encoding phenol hydroxylase. the nucleotide sequence of this fragment and its deduced amino acid sequence share 84% and 98% homology with the phenol hydroxylase gene and its deduced amino acid sequences of phenol-degrading strain acinetobacter calcoaceticus ncib8250. sets of different aromatic compounds degrading strains were used t ...	2001	12549083
[bacterial causes of meningitis in newborns].	bacterial meningitis jeopardizes the life of affected newborns and in survived children often leaves permanent sequels. the sooner the diagnosis is established and the therapy is started, the more a prosperous outcome can be expected. when the indication is established, lumbar punction should be performed. on the basis of the results of cytological and biochemical analyses of the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) that point to bacterial meningitis, the initial therapy should begin even before the result ...	2001	15637989
wound microbiology and associated approaches to wound management.	the majority of dermal wounds are colonized with aerobic and anaerobic microorganisms that originate predominantly from mucosal surfaces such as those of the oral cavity and gut. the role and significance of microorganisms in wound healing has been debated for many years. while some experts consider the microbial density to be critical in predicting wound healing and infection, others consider the types of microorganisms to be of greater importance. however, these and other factors such as micro ...	2001	11292638
microbial biofilms: from ecology to molecular genetics.	biofilms are complex communities of microorganisms attached to surfaces or associated with interfaces. despite the focus of modern microbiology research on pure culture, planktonic (free-swimming) bacteria, it is now widely recognized that most bacteria found in natural, clinical, and industrial settings persist in association with surfaces. furthermore, these microbial communities are often composed of multiple species that interact with each other and their environment. the determination of bi ...	2000	11104821
a functional-phylogenetic classification system for transmembrane solute transporters.	a comprehensive classification system for transmembrane molecular transporters has been developed and recently approved by the transport panel of the nomenclature committee of the international union of biochemistry and molecular biology. this system is based on (i) transporter class and subclass (mode of transport and energy coupling mechanism), (ii) protein phylogenetic family and subfamily, and (iii) substrate specificity. almost all of the more than 250 identified families of transporters in ...	2000	10839820
the bacterial enhancer-dependent sigma(54) (sigma(n)) transcription factor.		2000	10894718
opinion: the clinical use of selective digestive decontamination.	several recent meta-analyses have shown that the use of sdd can reduce the occurrence of nosocomial pneumonia among ventilated patients in the intensive care unit (icu) setting. however, the use of sdd has also been demonstrated to increase subsequent patient colonization and infection with antibiotic-resistant bacteria, particularly gram-positive cocci. therefore, the routine use of sdd cannot be advocated at the present time. the mortality benefit of sdd appears to occur in surgical/trauma pat ...	2000	11123875
intrathecal use of colistin.		2000	11203334
bacteria are not what they eat: that is why they are so diverse.		2000	10629168
biological modification of the fatty acid group in an emulsan by supplementing fatty acids under conditions inhibiting fatty acid biosynthesis.	when the concentration of the antibiotic cerulenin was increased up to 3.0 mg/l in medium containing ethanol as a carbon source, the specific growth rate of acinetobacter calcoaceticus and the fatty acid content of the emulsan decreased from 0.179 h(-1) and 13.9% to 0.015 h(-1) and 3.4%, respectively. the emulsifying activity in medium containing cerulenin decreased with increasing cerulenin concentration. in the culture containing 3.0 mg/l cerulenin, fatty acid biosynthesis was inhibited. vario ...	2000	16232861
cloning and sequence analysis of the esta gene encoding enzyme for producing (r)-beta-acetylmercaptoisobutyric acid from pseudomonas aeruginosa 1001.	the esta gene encoding the enzyme that catalyzes the production of (r)-beta-acetylmercaptoisobutyric acid from (r,s)-ester from pseudomonas aeruginosa 1001, was cloned in escherichia coli and its nucleotide sequence was determined, revealing the presumed open reading frame encoding a polypeptide of 316 amino acid residues (948 nucleotides). the overall a + t and c + g compositions were 32.59% and 67.41%, respectively. the amino acid sequence of the esta gene product showed a significant similari ...	2000	16232934
cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the gene encoding an ampc beta-lactamase in acinetobacter baumannii.	a clinical strain of acinetobacter baumannii (strain ab ryc 52763/97) that was isolated during an outbreak in our hospital and that was resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics tested produced three beta-lactamases: a tem-1-type (pi, 5.4) plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase, a chromosomally mediated oxa-derived (pi, 9.0) beta-lactamase, and a presumptive chromosomal cephalosporinase (pi, 9.4). the nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal cephalosporinase gene shows for the first time the gene encoding ...	2000	10639377
estimation of the yield coefficient of pseudomonas sp. strain dp-4 with a low substrate (2,4-dichlorophenol [dcp]) concentration in a mineral medium from which uncharacterized organic compounds were eliminated by a non-dcp-degrading organism.	the yield coefficient (yc) of pseudomonas sp. strain dp-4, a 2, 4-dichlorophenol (dcp)-degrading organism, was estimated from the number of cfu produced at the expense of 1 unit amount of dcp at low concentrations. at a low concentration of dcp, the yc can be overestimated in pure culture, because dp-4 assimilated not only dcp but also uncharacterized organic compounds contaminating a mineral salt medium. the concentration of these uncharacterized organic compounds was nutritionally equivalent t ...	2000	10653719
rapid and specific enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filter for detection and enumeration of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from milk and chicken rinses.	six commercially available anti-campylobacter antibodies were examined for their applicability in an enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filters, both for the detection and enumeration of campylobacter spp. when a panel of nine campylobacter (seven campylobacter jejuni and two campylobacter coli) and eight non-campylobacter strains were used in a dot-blot format enzyme immunoassay to test the specificity of these antibodies, only one polyclonal antibody (biodesign) detected all campy ...	2000	10772214
monitoring precursor 16s rrnas of acinetobacter spp. in activated sludge wastewater treatment systems.	recently, cangelosi and brabant used oligonucleotide probes targeting the precursor 16s rrna of escherichia coli to demonstrate that the levels of precursor rrna were more sensitive to changes in growth phase than the levels of total rrna (g. a. cangelosi and w. h. brabant, j. bacteriol. 179:4457-4463, 1997). in order to measure changes in the levels of precursor rrna in activated sludge systems, we designed oligonucleotide probes targeting the 3' region of the precursor 16s rrna of acinetobacte ...	2000	10788395
a pcr-colorimetric microwell plate hybridization assay for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium from culture samples and ziehl-neelsen-positive smears.	differentiation between mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium is essential for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. we have developed an easy and rapid detection assay for the diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases. this is a pcr-hybridization assay based on selective amplification of a 16s rrna gene sequence using pan-mycobacterium primers followed by hybridization of the amplification products to biotinylated m. tuberculosis and m. avium-specific probes. a total of 55 mycobacterial isolat ...	2000	10790097
in vitro activities of ampicillin, sulbactam and a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam against isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus-acinetobacter baumannii complex isolated in chile between 1990 and 1998.		2000	10797101
nosocomial pneumonia in a newborn intensive care unit.	nosocomial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. the risk is especially high in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) particularly in infants with mechanically assisted ventilation. during the 5-year period of the study, 160 infants with problems including prematurity (60.6%), respiratory distress (55.6%) and birth asphyxia (45.0%) were admitted to the nicu. one hundred and thirty-three infants (83.1%) received mechanical ventilation. nosocomial pneumo ...	2000	10808699
oxa-24, a novel class d beta-lactamase with carbapenemase activity in an acinetobacter baumannii clinical strain.	acinetobacter baumannii ryc 52763/97, a clinical isolate involved in a prolonged nosocomial outbreak at our hospital, was resistant to all beta-lactams tested, including imipenem and meropenem, which had mics of 128 and 256 microg/ml, respectively. this strain synthesized three beta-lactamases: a plasmid-mediated tem-1 beta-lactamase (pi 5.4), an ampc-type chromosomal cephalosporinase (pi 9.4), and a novel, presumptively chromosomally mediated oxa-related enzyme (pi 9.0) named oxa-24. after clon ...	2000	10817708
acinetobacter calcoaceticus pneumonia and the formation of pneumatoceles.	pneumatoceles are cystic lesions of the lungs often seen in children with staphylococcal pneumonia and positive-pressure ventilation. acinetobacter calcoaceticus is an aerobic, short immobile gram-negative rod, or coccobacillus, which is an omnipresent saprophyte. the variant anitratus is the most clinically significant pathogen in this family, usually presenting as a lower respiratory tract infection. acinetobacter has been demonstrated to be one of the most common organisms found in the icu. w ...	2000	10823547
bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of gemifloxacin against acinetobacter spp. in vitro.	this study compared the in vitro bacteriostatic activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and a panel of test antimicrobial agents against 100 clinical isolates of acinetobacter spp. (47 acinetobacter baumannii, 18 acinetobacter anitratus, 18 acinetobacter lwoffii, 13 acinetobacter calcoaceticus and four other acinetobacter spp.). gemifloxacin (mic(50/90) 0.06/16 mg/l) was more than eight-fold more potent than ciprofloxacin (0.5/>128 mg/l), two- to eight-fold more potent than grepafloxacin, moxifloxa ...	2000	10824036
osmoprotection by pipecolic acid in sinorhizobium meliloti: specific effects of d and l isomers.	dl-pipecolic acid (dl-pip) promotes growth restoration of sinorhizobium meliloti cells facing inhibitory hyperosmolarity. surprisingly, d and l isomers of this imino acid supplied separately were not effective. the uptake of l-pip was significantly favored in the presence of the d isomer and by a hyperosmotic stress. chromatographic analysis of the intracellular solutes showed that stressed cells did not accumulate radiolabeled l-pip. rather, it participates in the synthesis of the main endogeno ...	2000	10831411
recovery of bordetella holmesii from patients with pertussis-like symptoms: use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterize circulating strains.	a 4-year retrospective study showing that we isolated bordetella holmesii, but not bordetella pertussis, from patients with pertussis-like symptoms was performed. from 1995 through 1998, we isolated b. holmesii from 32 nasopharyngeal specimens that had been submitted from patients suspected of having pertussis. previously, b. holmesii had been associated mainly with septicemia and was not thought to be associated with respiratory illness. a study was undertaken to describe the characteristics of ...	2000	10834997
comp, a pilin-like protein essential for natural competence in acinetobacter sp. strain bd413: regulation, modification, and cellular localization.	we recently identified a pilin-like competence factor, comp, which is essential for natural transformation of the gram-negative soil bacterium acinetobacter sp. strain bd413. here we demonstrate that transcription and synthesis of the pilin-like competence factor comp are maximal in the late stationary growth phase, whereas competence is induced immediately after inoculation of a stationary-phase culture into fresh medium. western blot analyses revealed three forms of comp, one with an apparent ...	2000	10850981
genetic investigation of the catabolic pathway for degradation of abietane diterpenoids by pseudomonas abietaniphila bkme-9.	we have cloned and sequenced the dit gene cluster encoding enzymes of the catabolic pathway for abietane diterpenoid degradation by pseudomonas abietaniphila bkme-9. the dit gene cluster is located on a 16.7-kb dna fragment containing 13 complete open reading frames (orfs) and 1 partial orf. the genes dita1a2a3 encode the alpha and beta subunits and the ferredoxin of the dioxygenase which hydroxylates 7-oxodehydroabietic acid to 7-oxo-11,12-dihydroxy-8, 13-abietadien acid. the dioxygenase mutant ...	2000	10850995
ib-367, a protegrin peptide with in vitro and in vivo activities against the microflora associated with oral mucositis.	although the microflora associated with oral mucositis initiated by cytotoxic therapy is not well characterized, several studies suggest that reduction of the microbial load in the oral cavity has some clinical benefit. the mics of ib-367, a synthetic protegrin analog, ranged from 0.13 to 64 microgram/ml for gram-positive bacteria (streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus salivarius, and staphylococcus aureus) and from 0.06 to 8 microgram/ml for gram-negative species (klebsiella ...	2000	10858334
community dynamics of a mixed-bacterial culture growing on petroleum hydrocarbons in batch culture.	the effects of various hydrocarbon substrates, and a chemical surfactant capable of enhancing crude-oil biodegradation, on the community structure of a mixed-bacterial inoculum were examined in batch culture. of 1000 tsa-culturable isolates, 68.6% were identified at the genus level or better by phospholipid fatty acid analysis over 7-day time course experiments. cultures were exposed to 20 g/l bow river crude oil with and without 0.625 g/l igepal co-630 (a nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant), 5 g ...	2000	10872080
microbiological investigation on black crusts from open-air stone monuments of bologna (italy).	samples of black crusts taken from open-air stone monuments in bologna dating back to between the twelfth and the nineteenth century were considered. the microbiological test procedures isolated from a high number of chemoorganotrophic bacteria, each of the samples although it was expected to find chemo-lithotrophic (specially sulfur-oxidizing and nitrifying) bacteria on account of the great amounts of sulphur, carbon, nitrogen dioxides and ammonia in the air. sporogenous and asporogenous specie ...	2000	10872690
development and application of small-subunit rrna probes for assessment of selected thiobacillus species and members of the genus acidiphilium.	culture-dependent studies have implicated sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as the causative agents of acid mine drainage and concrete corrosion in sewers. thiobacillus species are considered the major representatives of the acid-producing bacteria in these environments. small-subunit rrna genes from all of the thiobacillus and acidiphilium species catalogued by the ribosomal database project were identified and used to design oligonucleotide dna probes. two oligonucleotide probes were synthesized to co ...	2000	10877807
simultaneous identification of two cyclohexanone oxidation genes from an environmental brevibacterium isolate using mrna differential display.	the technique of mrna differential display was used to identify simultaneously two metabolic genes involved in the degradation of cyclohexanone in a new halotolerant brevibacterium environmental isolate. in a strategy based only on the knowledge that cyclohexanone oxidation was inducible in this strain, the mrna population of cells exposed to cyclohexanone was compared to that of control cells using reverse transcription-pcr reactions primed with a collection of 81 arbitrary oligonucleotides. th ...	2000	10894733
knockout of the p-coumarate decarboxylase gene from lactobacillus plantarum reveals the existence of two other inducible enzymatic activities involved in phenolic acid metabolism.	lactobacillus plantarum nc8 contains a pdc gene coding for p-coumaric acid decarboxylase activity (pdc). a food grade mutant, designated lpd1, in which the chromosomal pdc gene was replaced with the deleted pdc gene copy, was obtained by a two-step homologous recombination process using an unstable replicative vector. the lpd1 mutant strain remained able to weakly metabolize p-coumaric and ferulic acids into vinyl derivatives or into substituted phenyl propionic acids. we have shown that l. plan ...	2000	10919793
long-chain aldehyde dehydrogenase that participates in n-alkane utilization and wax ester synthesis in acinetobacter sp. strain m-1.	a long-chain aldehyde dehydrogenase, ald1, was found in a soluble fraction of acinetobacter sp. strain m-1 cells grown on n-hexadecane as a sole carbon source. the gene (ald1) was cloned from the chromosomal dna of the bacterium. the open reading frame of ald1 was 1,512 bp long, corresponding to a protein of 503 amino acid residues (molecular mass, 55,496 da), and the deduced amino acid sequence showed high similarity to those of various aldehyde dehydrogenases. the ald1 gene was stably expresse ...	2000	10919810
effect of field inoculation with sinorhizobium meliloti l33 on the composition of bacterial communities in rhizospheres of a target plant (medicago sativa) and a non-target plant (chenopodium album)-linking of 16s rrna gene-based single-strand conformation polymorphism community profiles to the diversity of cultivated bacteria.	fourteen weeks after field release of luciferase gene-tagged sinorhizobium meliloti l33 in field plots seeded with medicago sativa, we found that the inoculant also occurred in bulk soil from noninoculated control plots. in rhizospheres of m. sativa plants, s. meliloti l33 could be detected in noninoculated plots 12 weeks after inoculation, indicating that growth in the rhizosphere preceded spread into bulk soil. to determine whether inoculation affected bacterial diversity, 1,119 bacteria were ...	2000	10919821
ca2+-assisted, direct hydride transfer, and rate-determining tautomerization of c5-reduced pqq to pqqh2, in the oxidation of beta-d-glucose by soluble, quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase.	spectral and kinetic studies were performed on enzyme forms of soluble glucose dehydrogenase of the bacterium acinetobacter calcoaceticus (sgdh) in which the pqq-activating ca(2+) was absent (holo x) or was replaced with ba(2+) (ba-e) or in which pqq was replaced with an analogue or a derivative called "nitropqq" (e-npq). although exhibiting diminished rates, just like sgdh, all enzyme forms were able to oxidize a broad spectrum of aldose sugars, and their reduced forms could be oxidized with th ...	2000	10924133
genetic analysis of a gene cluster for cyclohexanol oxidation in acinetobacter sp. strain se19 by in vitro transposition.	biological oxidation of cyclic alcohols normally results in formation of the corresponding dicarboxylic acids, which are further metabolized and enter the central carbon metabolism in the cell. we isolated an acinetobacter sp. from an industrial wastewater bioreactor that utilized cyclohexanol as a sole carbon source. a cosmid library was constructed from acinetobacter sp. strain se19, and oxidation of cyclohexanol to adipic acid was demonstrated in recombinant escherichia coli carrying a se19 d ...	2000	10940013
purification and characterization of lipase from psychrophilic acinetobacter calcoaceticus lp009.	a lipase-producing bacterium, acinetobacter calcoacetius lp009, was isolated from raw milk. the optimum conditions for growth and lipase production by a. calcoaceticus lp009 were 15 degrees c with shaking at 200 rpm in lb supplemented with 1.0% (v/v) tween 80. the crude lipase was purified to homogeneous state by ultrafiltration and gel filtration chromatography on sephadex g-100. its molecular weight determined by sds-page was 23 kda and it exhibited maximum activity at ph 7.0 and 50 degrees c. ...	2000	10950191
starvation improves survival of bacteria introduced into activated sludge.	a phenol-degrading bacterium, ralstonia eutropha e2, was grown in luria-bertani (lb) medium or in an inorganic medium (called mp) supplemented with phenol and harvested at the late-exponential-growth phase. phenol-acclimated activated sludge was inoculated with the e2 cells immediately after harvest or after starvation in mp for 2 or 7 days. the densities of the e2 populations in the activated sludge were then monitored by quantitative pcr. the e2 cells grown on phenol and starved for 2 days (p- ...	2000	10966407
plant genome complexity may be a factor limiting in situ the transfer of transgenic plant genes to the phytopathogen ralstonia solanacearum.	the development of natural competence by bacteria in situ is considered one of the main factors limiting transformation-mediated gene exchanges in the environment. ralstonia solanacearum is a plant pathogen that is also a naturally transformable bacterium that can develop the competence state during infection of its host. we have attempted to determine whether this bacterium could become the recipient of plant genes. we initially demonstrated that plant dna was released close to the infecting ba ...	2000	10966449
clinical and microbiological characteristics of bacteremia caused by acinetobacter lwoffii.	a retrospective study was conducted to analyze the clinical features and pathogenic roles of bacteremia caused by acinetobacter lwoffii during a 4-year period. acinetobacter lwoffii (formerly acinetobacter calcoaceticus var. lwoffii) is recognized as normal flora of the skin, oropharynx and perineum of healthy individuals. there are few reports of acinetobacter lwoffii bacteremia associated with indwelling catheters in humans, particularly in immunocompromised hosts. the records of 18 patients w ...	2000	10968320
a novel phenanthrene dioxygenase from nocardioides sp. strain kp7: expression in escherichia coli.	nocardioides sp. strain kp7 grows on phenanthrene but not on naphthalene. this organism degrades phenanthrene via 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, o-phthalate, and protocatechuate. the genes responsible for the degradation of phenanthrene to o-phthalate (phd) were found by southern hybridization to reside on the chromosome. a 10.6-kb dna fragment containing eight phd genes was cloned and sequenced. the phda, phdb, phdc, and phdd genes, which encode the alpha and beta subunits of the oxygenase component, ...	2000	10735855
characterization of a nosocomial outbreak caused by a multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii strain with a carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzyme: high-level carbapenem resistance in a. baumannii is not due solely to the presence of beta-lactamases.	from february to november 1997, 29 inpatients at ramón y cajal hospital, madrid, spain, were determined to be either colonized or infected with imipenem- and meropenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (imrab) strains (mics, 128 to 256 microg/ml). a wide antibiotic multiresistance profile was observed with imrab strains. for typing imrab isolates, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis was used. for comparative purposes, 30 imipenem- and meropenem-susceptible a. baumannii (imsab) strains isolated befo ...	2000	10970374
pseudo-outbreak of imipenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii resulting from false susceptibility testing by a rapid automated system.	introduction of the vitek gns-506 susceptibility testing cards in the hippokration general hospital, thessaloniki, greece, resulted in an apparently high prevalence of imipenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii. when 35 of these isolates were further tested by disk diffusion, broth microdilution, and agar dilution assays, 32 were imipenem sensitive by all tests and three were sensitive or intermediate, depending on the method. the pseudoresistant acinetobacters did not form a genetically homogen ...	2000	10970417
characterization of ssfr and ssga, two genes involved in sporulation of streptomyces griseus.	in the presence of cefoxitin, which inhibits septum formation during sporulation, streptomyces griseus is unable to sporulate, retaining the sonication sensitivity of nonsporulating hyphae. cefoxitin- and sonication-resistant mutant skk2600 was isolated and showed many morphological differences from its parental strain. a 3.6-kb dna fragment that complemented the mutations of skk2600 contained two open reading frames (orfs), either of which could complement skk2600. one orf, designated ssfr, enc ...	2000	10986257
ssga is essential for sporulation of streptomyces coelicolor a3(2) and affects hyphal development by stimulating septum formation.	the role of ssga in cell division and development of streptomycetes was analyzed. an ssga null mutant of streptomyces coelicolor produced aerial hyphae but failed to sporulate, and ssga can therefore be regarded as a novel whi gene. in addition to the morphological changes, antibiotic production was also disturbed, with strongly reduced actinorhodin production. these defects could be complemented by plasmid-borne ssga. in the wild-type strain, transcription of ssga was induced by nutritional shi ...	2000	11004161
genes involved in anaerobic metabolism of phenol in the bacterium thauera aromatica.	genes involved in the anaerobic metabolism of phenol in the denitrifying bacterium thauera aromatica have been studied. the first two committed steps in this metabolism appear to be phosphorylation of phenol to phenylphosphate by an unknown phosphoryl donor ("phenylphosphate synthase") and subsequent carboxylation of phenylphosphate to 4-hydroxybenzoate under release of phosphate ("phenylphosphate carboxylase"). both enzyme activities are strictly phenol induced. two-dimensional gel electrophore ...	2000	11004186
rapid differentiation of fermentative from nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli in positive blood cultures by an impedance method.	rapid differentiation of fermentative gram-negative bacilli (fermenters) from nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli (nonfermenters) in positive blood cultures may help physicians to narrow the choice of appropriate antibiotics for empiric treatment. an impedance method for direct differentiation of fermenters from nonfermenters was investigated. the bacterial suspensions (or positive culture broths containing gram-negative bacteria) were inoculated into the module wells of a bactometer (biomérie ...	2000	11015369
molecular surveillance of european quinolone-resistant clinical isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp. using automated ribotyping.	nosocomial isolates of pseudomonas aeruginosa and acinetobacter spp. exhibit high rates of resistance to antibiotics and are often multidrug resistant. in a previous study (d. milatovic, a. fluit, s. brisse, j. verhoef, and f. j. schmitz, antimicrob. agents chemother. 44:1102-1107, 2000), isolates of these species that were resistant to sitafloxacin, a new advanced-generation fluoroquinolone with a high potency and a broad spectrum of antimicrobial activity, were found in high proportion in 23 e ...	2000	11015376