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genotypic and phenotypic similarity of multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii isolates in the czech republic.the diversity of 103 clinical isolates of the acinetobacter calcoaceticus-acinetobacter baumannii complex obtained between 1991 and 1997 from 17 czech hospitals was studied by ribotyping, biotyping, plasmid profiling and antibiotic susceptibility testing. according to the ecori ribotypes, all but one of these isolates were identified to the dna group level: 77 isolates were allocated to dna group 2 (a. baumannii), 14 to dna group 3, 10 to dna group 13 sensu tjernberg and ursing and one to dna gr ...199910334596
allylic or benzylic stabilization is essential for catalysis by bacterial benzyl alcohol dehydrogenases.benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus (ac-badh) and tol plasmid-encoded benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase from pseudomonas putida (tol-badh) have previously been shown to oxidize a variety of aromatic alcohols but not aliphatic substrates. here, we have expressed the genes for ac-badh and tol-badh in escherichia coli, purified the resulting over-expressed enzymes, and shown that each is an effective catalyst of both benzylic and allylic alcohol oxidation, but not of oxidation ...199910334943
induction of heat shock proteins in response to primary alcohols in acinetobacter calcoaceticus.cells of acinetobacter calcoaceticus 69-v, a species able to metabolize a range of aliphatic hydrocarbons and alcohols, were confronted with ethanol, butanol, hexanol or heat shock during growth on acetate as sole source of carbon and energy. the primary alcohols and the heat shock led to the synthesis of new proteins or amplified expression of specific, common and general proteins, which were detected by silver staining after two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. some of the alcohol-inducible pr ...199910344248
structures and properties of gellan polymers produced by sphingomonas paucimobilis atcc 31461 from lactose compared with those produced from glucose and from cheese wheythe dairy industry produces large quantities of whey as a by-product of cheese production and is increasingly looking for new ways to utilize this waste product. gellan gum is reliably produced by sphingomonas paucimobilis in growth media containing lactose, a significant component of cheese whey, as a carbon source. we studied and compared polysaccharide biosynthesis by s. paucimobilis atcc 31461 in media containing glucose, lactose (5 to 30 g/liter), and sweet cheese whey. we found that alteri ...199910347031
characterization of a pseudomonas putida allylic alcohol dehydrogenase induced by growth on 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol.we have been working to develop an enzymatic assay for the alcohol 2-methyl-3-buten-2-ol (232-mb), which is produced and emitted by certain pines. to this end we have isolated the soil bacterium pseudomonas putida mb-1, which uses 232-mb as a sole carbon source. strain mb-1 contains inducible 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol (321-mb) and 3-methyl-2-buten-1-al dehydrogenases, suggesting that 232-mb is metabolized by isomerization to 321-mb followed by oxidation. 321-mb dehydrogenase was purified to near-hom ...199910347052
enhancement of solubilization and biodegradation of polyaromatic hydrocarbons by the bioemulsifier alasan.alasan, a high-molecular-weight bioemulsifier complex of an anionic polysaccharide and proteins that is produced by acinetobacter radioresistens ka53 (s. navon-venezia, z. zosim, a. gottlieb, r. legmann, s. carmeli, e. z. ron, and e. rosenberg, appl. environ. microbiol. 61:3240-3244, 1995), enhanced the aqueous solubility and biodegradation rates of polyaromatic hydrocarbons (pahs). in the presence of 500 microg of alasan ml-1, the apparent aqueous solubilities of phenanthrene, fluoranthene, and ...199910347063
in vivo efficacies of combinations of beta-lactams, beta-lactamase inhibitors, and rifampin against acinetobacter baumannii in a mouse pneumonia model.the effects of various regimens containing combinations of beta-lactams, beta-lactam inhibitor(s), and rifampin were assessed in a recently described mouse model of acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia (m. l. joly-guillou, m. wolff, j. j. pocidalo, f. walker, and c. carbon, antimicrob. agents chemother. 41:345-351, 1997). two aspects of the therapeutic response were studied: the kinetics of the bactericidal effect (treatment was initiated 3 h after intratracheal inoculation, and bacterial counts we ...199910348761
isolation and characterization of two cryptic plasmids in the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium nitrosomonas sp. strain eni-11.two plasmids were discovered in the ammonia-oxidizing bacterium nitrosomonas sp. strain eni-11, which was isolated from activated sludge. the plasmids, designated pays and payl, were relatively small, being approximately 1.9 kb long. they were cryptic plasmids, having no detectable plasmid-linked antibiotic resistance or heavy metal resistance markers. the complete nucleotide sequences of pays and payl were determined, and their physical maps were constructed. there existed two major open readin ...199910348848
a functional 4-hydroxysalicylate/hydroxyquinol degradative pathway gene cluster is linked to the initial dibenzo-p-dioxin pathway genes in sphingomonas sp. strain rw1.the bacterium sphingomonas sp. strain rw1 is able to use dibenzo-p-dioxin, dibenzofuran, and several hydroxylated derivatives as sole sources of carbon and energy. we have determined and analyzed the nucleic acid sequence of a 9,997-bp hindiii fragment downstream of cistrons dxna1a2, which encode the dioxygenase component of the initial dioxygenase system of the corresponding catabolic pathways. this fragment contains 10 colinear open reading frames (orfs), apparently organized in one compact op ...199910348858
genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing vana and vanb, genes required for conversion of either ferulate or vanillate to protocatechuate in acinetobacter.vana and vanb form an oxygenative demethylase that converts vanillate to protocatechuate in microorganisms. ferulate, an abundant phytochemical, had been shown to be metabolized through a vanillate intermediate in several pseudomonas isolates, and biochemical evidence had indicated that vanillate also is an intermediate in ferulate catabolism by acinetobacter. genetic evidence supporting this conclusion was obtained by characterization of mutant acinetobacter strains blocked in catabolism of bot ...199910348863
the physiological contribution of acinetobacter pcak, a transport system that acts upon protocatechuate, can be masked by the overlapping specificity of vank.vank is the fourth member of the ubiquitous major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins to be identified that, together with pcak, benk, and muck, contributes to aromatic catabolism in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1. vank and pcak have overlapping specificity for p-hydroxybenzoate and, most clearly, for protocatechuate: inactivation of both proteins severely impairs growth with protocatechuate, and the activity of either protein alone can mask the phenotype associated with inactivation of ...199910348864
distribution of acinetobacter species on skin of healthy humans.the distribution of the 19 currently known genospecies of acinetobacter on human skin, i.e. forehead, forearm and toe webs, was determined. three selective media were compared for their specificity for all genospecies of acinetobacter. a minimal-salts agar supplemented with 1% acetate proved to be more efficient than the leeds medium for the isolation of most genospecies in mixed culture with other bacterial species. acinetobacter isolates were provisionally identified using biochemical tests an ...199910357050
epidemiological study of an acinetobacter baumannii outbreak by using a combination of antibiotyping and ribotyping.from june to november 1994 (period 1) and from february to june 1995 (period 2), multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated in intensive care units and surgical wards of the amiens teaching hospital center (amiens, france). eighteen isolates were obtained from 17 (1%) of 1,706 patients admitted during both of these periods, giving an incidence rate of nosocomial infection per 1,000 patient days of 0.6%. of 17 infected patients, 9 had pneumonia, 3 had urinary tract infection, 2 ...199910364581
the 1.7 a crystal structure of the apo form of the soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase from acinetobacter calcoaceticus reveals a novel internal conserved sequence repeat.the crystal structure of a dimeric apo form of the soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase (s-gdh) from acinetobacter calcoaceticus has been solved by multiple isomorphous replacement followed by density modification, and was subsequently refined at 1. 72 a resolution to a final crystallographic r-factor of 16.5% and free r-factor of 20.8% [corrected]. the s-gdh monomer has a beta-propeller fold consisting of six four-stranded anti-parallel beta-sheets aligned around a pseudo 6-fold symmetry ...199910366508
[trends in resistant bacteria isolated from a tube smear in intubated patients in intensive care].long standing antibiotics therapy has resulted in growing bacteria resistance. we took a tube smear and prepared culture with antibiogram from the fifty intubated patients in the intensive care unit in the war period. gram-negative germs were the dominant ones in total sum, and among them the acinetobacter calcoaceticus (no 21), pseudomonas aeruginosa (no 18), klebsiella pneumoniae (no 18), were isolated most frequently. pseudomonas aeruginosa showed high resistance to gentamicin (64%), amikacin ...199910386042
cell surface analysis techniques: what do cell preparation protocols do to cell surface properties?cell surface analysis often requires manipulation of cells prior to examination. the most commonly employed procedures are centrifugation at different speeds, changes of media during washing or final resuspension, desiccation (either air drying for contact angle measurements or freeze-drying for sensitive spectroscopic analysis, such as x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy), and contact with hydrocarbon (hydrophobicity assays). the effects of these procedures on electrophoretic mobility, adhesion to ...199910388679
physiological adaptations involved in alkane assimilation at a low temperature by rhodococcus sp. strain q15.we examined physiological adaptations which allow the psychrotroph rhodococcus sp. strain q15 to assimilate alkanes at a low temperature (alkanes are contaminants which are generally insoluble and/or solid at low temperatures). during growth at 5 degrees c on hexadecane or diesel fuel, strain q15 produced a cell surface-associated biosurfactant(s) and, compared to glucose-acetate-grown cells, exhibited increased cell surface hydrophobicity. a transmission electron microscopy examination of strai ...199910388690
structure of the soluble methane monooxygenase regulatory protein b.the soluble methane monooxygenase (smmo; ec 1.14.13.25) from the pseudothermophile methylococcus capsulatus (bath) is a three-component enzyme system that catalyzes the selective oxidation of methane to methanol. we have used nmr spectroscopy to produce a highly refined structure of mmob, the 16-kda regulatory protein of this system. this structure has a unique and intricate fold containing seven beta-strands forming two beta-sheets oriented perpendicular to each other and bridged by three alpha ...199910393915
specificity of the lipase-specific foldases of gram-negative bacteria and the role of the membrane anchor.folding of lipases that are secreted by pseudomonads and other gram-negative bacteria via the type ii secretion pathway is facilitated by dedicated chaperones, called lipase-specific foldases (lifs). lifs are membrane-anchored proteins with a large periplasmic domain. the functional interaction between the lif and its cognate lipase is specific, since the pseudomonas aeruginosa lif was found not to substitute for lifs from burkholderia glumae or acinetobacter calcoaceticus. however, the p. aerug ...199910394914
site-directed mutagenesis study on the thermal stability of a chimeric pqq glucose dehydrogenase and its structural interpretation.we have previously reported that a chimeric pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) glucose dehydrogenase (gdh), e97a3, which was made up of 97% of escherichia coli pqqgdh sequence and 3% of acinetobacter calcoaceticus pqqgdh, showed increased thermal stability compared with both parental enzymes. site-directed mutagenesis studies were carried out in order to investigate the role of amino-acid substitution at the c-terminal region, ser771, of a chimeric pqqgdhs on their thermal stability. a series of ser ...199910399272
the genes ruba and rubb for alkane degradation in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 are in an operon with estb, encoding an esterase, and oxyr.alkanes are oxidized in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 by a three-component alkane monooxygenase, composed of alkane hydroxylase, rubredoxin, and rubredoxin reductase. ruba and rubb encode rubredoxin and a nad(p)h-dependent rubredoxin reductase. we demonstrate here that single base pair substitutions in ruba or rubb lead to defects in alkane degradation, showing that both genes are essential for alkane utilization. differences in the degradation capacity for hexadecane and dodecane in these mutan ...199910400587
areabc genes determine the catabolism of aryl esters in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1.acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 is able to grow on a range of esters of aromatic alcohols, converting them to the corresponding aromatic carboxylic acids by the sequential action of three inducible enzymes: an area-encoded esterase, an areb-encoded benzyl alcohol dehydrogenase, and an arec-encoded benzaldehyde dehydrogenase. the are genes, adjacent to each other on the chromosome and transcribed in the order arecba, were located 3.5 kbp upstream of benk. benk, encoding a permease implicated in ben ...199910419955
nosocomial meningitis in children after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion.this study reviews 33 cases of ventriculoperitoneal shunt (vps) meningitis among 415 children after 540 shunt insertions within 8 y, in 9 paediatric intensive care units from 5 centres in slovakia. the incidence of vps meningitis was 6.3% per insertion. the most common organisms isolated from cerebrospinal fluid (csf) and shunt were coagulase-negative staphylococci (52.8%), followed by staphylococcus aureus (13.1%) and pseudomonas aeruginosa (7.5%). seven of 15 assessed risk factors were signifi ...199910426184
proton-nuclear magnetic resonance analyses of the substrate specificity of a beta-ketolase from pseudomonas putida, acetopyruvate hydrolase.a revised purification of acetopyruvate hydrolase from orcinol-grown pseudomonas putida orc is described. this carbon-carbon bond hydrolase, which is the last inducible enzyme of the orcinol catabolic pathway, is monomeric with a molecular size of approximately 38 kda; it hydrolyzes acetopyruvate to equimolar quantities of acetate and pyruvate. we have previously described the aqueous-solution structures of acetopyruvate at ph 7.5 and several synthesized analogues by (1)h-nuclear magnetic resona ...199910438778
fluorescence in situ hybridization assay using peptide nucleic acid probes for differentiation between tuberculous and nontuberculous mycobacterium species in smears of mycobacterium cultures.tb pna fish is a new fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) method using peptide nucleic acid (pna) probes for differentiation between species of the mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (mtc) and nontuberculous mycobacteria (ntm) in acid-fast bacillus-positive (afb+) cultures is described. the test is based on fluorescein-labelled pna probes that target the rrna of mtc or ntm species applied to smears of afb+ cultures for microscopic examination. parallel testing with the two probes serves as ...199910449448
skin carriage of acinetobacters in hong kong.we studied the carriage of acinetobacter spp. at five superficial sites in 79 patients from two hospitals, in 133 healthy controls from the community (medical students and new nurses), and in 198 student nurses in different classes. a total of 431 isolates from 364 positive sites of 201 subjects and 124 blood culture isolates (1997 to 1998) were genospeciated by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis. genospecies 3 was the most common species. the carriage rate of student nurses (42 of 131 ...199910449482
molecular epidemiology of ceftazidime-resistant gram-negative bacilli on inanimate surfaces and their role in cross-transmission during nonoutbreak periods.we described the molecular epidemiology of expanded-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (rgn) recovered from inanimate surfaces. rgn were isolated from 9% of environmental cultures. numerous species, each with multiple unique strains, were recovered. epidemiological links between environmental, personnel, and patient strains suggested the exogenous acquisition of rgn from the hospital environment.199910449510
legionella pneumophila invasion of mrc-5 cells induces tyrosine protein phosphorylation.after uptake and intracellular multiplication of legionella pneumophila in mrc-5 lung fibroblasts, important cytoskeletal filament structures, like actin, tubulin, or vimentin, and a cell membrane-associated fibronectin were rearranged during early infection, resulting in a loss of cell adhesion and collapse of the cytoskeleton. dysregulation of the cellular phosphorylation and dephosphorylation cascade may contribute to the observed changes and may support intracellular survival and multiplicat ...199910456891
polyphosphate kinase of acinetobacter sp. strain adp1: purification and characterization of the enzyme and its role during changes in extracellular phosphate levels.polyphosphate (polyp) is a ubiquitous biopolymer whose function and metabolism are incompletely understood. the polyphosphate kinase (ppk) of acinetobacter sp. strain adp1, an organism that accumulates large amounts of polyp, was purified to homogeneity and characterized. this enzyme, which adds the terminal phosphate from atp to a growing chain of polyp, is a 79-kda monomer. ppk is sensitive to magnesium concentrations, and optimum activity occurs in the presence of 3 mm mgcl(2). the optimum ph ...199910473375
bacterial growth state distinguished by single-cell protein profiling: does chlorination kill coliforms in municipal effluent?municipal effluent is the largest reservoir of human enteric bacteria. its public health significance, however, depends upon the physiological status of the wastewater bacterial community. a novel immunofluorescence assay was developed and used to examine the bacterial growth state during wastewater disinfection. quantitative levels of three highly conserved cytosolic proteins (dnak, dps, and fis) were determined by using enterobacterium-specific antibody fluorochrome-coupled probes. enterobacte ...199910473432
transposon tn21, flagship of the floating genome.the transposon tn21 and a group of closely related transposons (the tn21 family) are involved in the global dissemination of antibiotic resistance determinants in gram-negative facultative bacteria. the molecular basis for their involvement is carriage by the tn21 family of a mobile dna element (the integron) encoding a site-specific system for the acquisition of multiple antibiotic resistance genes. the paradigm example, tn21, also carries genes for its own transposition and a mercury resistanc ...199910477306
stereochemical course of biotin-independent malonate decarboxylase catalysis.malonate decarboxylases, which catalyze the conversion of malonate to acetate, can be classified into biotin-dependent and biotin-independent enzymes. in order to reveal the stereochemical course of the reactions catalyzed by the biotin-independent enzymes from acinetobacter calcoaceticus and pseudomonas fluorescens, a chiral substrate, malonate carrying (13)c in one carboxyl group and (3)h at one of the methylene positions, was prepared and used in the reactions catalyzed by these two enzymes. ...199910496981
characterization of the phthalate permease ophd from burkholderia cepacia atcc 17616.the ophd gene, encoding a permease for phthalate transport, was cloned from burkholderia cepacia atcc 17616. expression of the gene in escherichia coli results in the ability to transport phthalate rapidly into the cell. uptake inhibition experiments show that 4-hydroxyphthalate, 4-chlorophthalate, 4-methylphthalate, and cinchomeronate compete for the phthalate permease. an ophd knockout mutant of 17616 grows slightly more slowly on phthalate but is still able to take up phthalate at rates equiv ...199910498738
identification and characterization of come and comf, two novel pilin-like competence factors involved in natural transformation of acinetobacter sp. strain bd413.although the high level of competence for natural transformation of acinetobacter sp. strain bd413 has been the subject of numerous studies, only two competence genes, comc and comp, have been identified to date. by chromosomal walking analysis we found two overlapping open reading frames, designated come and comf, starting 61 bp downstream of comc. come and comf are expressed as stable proteins in escherichia coli, thus proving that they are indeed coding regions, but expression was successful ...199910508090
substitution, insertion, deletion, suppression, and altered substrate specificity in functional protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenases.protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase is a member of a family of bacterial enzymes that cleave the aromatic rings of their substrates between two adjacent hydroxyl groups, a key reaction in microbial metabolism of varied environmental chemicals. in an appropriate genetic background, it is possible to select for acinetobacter strains containing spontaneous mutations blocking expression of pcah or -g, genes encoding the alpha and beta subunits of protocatechuate 3, 4-dioxygenase. the crystal structure o ...199910515940
active-site structure of the soluble quinoprotein glucose dehydrogenase complexed with methylhydrazine: a covalent cofactor-inhibitor complex.soluble glucose dehydrogenase (s-gdh) from the bacterium acinetobacter calcoaceticus is a classical quinoprotein. it requires the cofactor pyrroloquinoline quinone (pqq) to catalyze the oxidation of glucose to gluconolactone. the precise catalytic role of pqq in s-gdh and several other pqq-dependent enzymes has remained controversial because of the absence of comprehensive structural data. we have determined the crystal structure of a ternary complex of s-gdh with pqq and methylhydrazine, a comp ...199910518528
rapid identification of burkholderia pseudomallei in blood cultures by a monoclonal antibody assay.burkholderia pseudomallei is the causative agent of melioidosis. in northeast thailand, this gram-negative bacterium is a major cause of mortality from septicemia. the definitive diagnosis of this disease is made by bacterial culture. in this study, we produced a monoclonal antibody (mab) specific to the 30-kda protein of b. pseudomallei by in vivo and in vitro immunization of balb/c mice with a crude culture filtrate antigen. the mab could directly agglutinate with all 243 clinical isolates of ...199910523570
ciprofloxacin in treatment of nosocomial meningitis in neonates and in infants: report of 12 cases and review.twelve cases of neonatal and infant nosocomial meningitis treated with intravenous ciprofloxacin in doses of 10 to 60 mg/kg/day are described. four neonates were 21 to 28 days old and eight infants were 2 to 6 months old. six presented with gram-negative meningitis: escherichia coli (2), salmonella enteritidis (1), acinetobacter calcoaceticus (1), two with two organisms, and (h. influenzae plus staphylococcus epidermidis, acinetobacter spp. plus s. epidermidis), and six were attributable to gram ...199910529884
a protein residing at the subunit interface of the bacterial ribosome.surface labeling of escherichia coli ribosomes with the use of the tritium bombardment technique has revealed a minor unidentified ribosome-bound protein (spot y) that is hidden in the 70s ribosome and becomes highly labeled on dissociation of the 70s ribosome into subunits. in the present work, the n-terminal sequence of the protein y was determined and its gene was identified as yfia, an orf located upstream the phe operon of e. coli. this 12.7-kda protein was isolated and characterized. an af ...199910535924
bacterial populations in an anthropogenically disturbed stream: comparison of different seasons.abstract to determine the effects of environmental changes on stream bacterial populations, assemblage- and population-level measurements were compared between an anthropogenically disturbed stream and an undisturbed reference stream during different seasons. physical and chemical variables monitored at two disturbed sites from a stream affected by multiple environmental perturbations confirmed discernibly different water quality from three reference sites: two from an adjacent, undisturbed wate ...199910541785
cloning and sequencing of a novel meta-cleavage dioxygenase gene whose product is involved in degradation of gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane in sphingomonas paucimobilis.sphingomonas (formerly pseudomonas) paucimobilis ut26 utilizes gamma-hexachlorocyclohexane (gamma-hch), a halogenated organic insecticide, as a sole source of carbon and energy. in a previous study, we showed that gamma-hch is degraded to chlorohydroquinone (chq) and then to hydroquinone (hq), although the rate of reaction from chq to hq was slow (k. miyauchi, s. k. suh, y. nagata, and m. takagi, j. bacteriol. 180:1354-1359, 1998). in this study, we cloned and characterized a gene, designated li ...199910542173
identification of a transcriptional activator (chnr) and a 6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase (chne) in the cyclohexanol catabolic pathway in acinetobacter sp. strain ncimb 9871 and localization of the genes that encode them.we identified chnr, a gene encoding an arac-xyls type of transcriptional activator that regulates the expression of chnb, the structural gene for cyclohexanone monooxygenase (chmo) in acinetobacter sp. strain ncimb 9871. the gene sequence of chne, which encodes an nadp(+)-linked 6-oxohexanoate dehydrogenase, the enzyme catalyzing the fifth step of cyclohexanol degradation, was also determined. the gene arrangement is chnb-chne-chnr. the predicted molecular masses of the three polypeptides were v ...199910543838
a novel lipolytic enzyme located in the outer membrane of pseudomonas aeruginosa.a lipase-negative deletion mutant of pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1 still showed extracellular lipolytic activity toward short-chain p-nitrophenylesters. by screening a genomic dna library of p. aeruginosa pao1, an esterase gene, esta, was identified, cloned, and sequenced, revealing an open reading frame of 1,941 bp. the product of esta is a 69.5-kda protein, which is probably processed by removal of an n-terminal signal peptide to yield a 67-kda mature protein. a molecular mass of 66 kda was dete ...199910559163
transcriptional analysis of the rubrerythrin and superoxide dismutase genes of clostridium perfringens.we cloned and sequenced a 2.7-kb fragment of chromosomal dna from clostridium perfringens containing the superoxide dismutase-encoding gene, sod. previously, rubrerythrin from c. perfringens had been isolated and its gene (rbr) had been cloned (y. lehmann, l. meile, and m. teuber, j. bacteriol. 178:7152-7158, 1996). northern blot experiments revealed a length of approximately 800 bases for each transcript of rbr and sod of c. perfringens. thus, rbr and sod each represent a monocistronic operon. ...199910559182
functional evaluation of the genes involved in malonate decarboxylation by acinetobacter calcoaceticus.the genomic locus containing the potential repressor gene mdcy (inactivated by a putative is3 element) and the mdclmacdegbh genes from acinetobacter calcoaceticus was cloned and sequenced. in order to evaluate the biochemical function of the protein components, the genes were expressed independently and their activities predicted by database analysis. the mdca gene product, the alpha subunit, was found to be malonate/acetyl-coa transferase and the mdcd gene product, the beta subunit, was found t ...199910561613
autoantibodies to brain components and antibodies to acinetobacter calcoaceticus are present in bovine spongiform encephalopathy.bovine spongiform encephalopathy (bse) is a neurological disorder, predominantly of british cattle, which belongs to the group of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies together with creutzfeldt-jakob disease (cjd), kuru, and scrapie. autoantibodies to brain neurofilaments have been previously described in patients with cjd and kuru and in sheep affected by scrapie. spongiform-like changes have also been observed in chronic experimental allergic encephalomyelitis, at least in rabbits and guin ...199910569779
characterization of activity and expression of isocitrate lyase in mycobacterium avium and mycobacterium tuberculosis.analysis by two-dimensional gel electrophoresis revealed that mycobacterium avium expresses several proteins unique to an intracellular infection. one abundant protein with an apparent molecular mass of 50 kda was isolated, and the n-terminal sequence was determined. it matches a sequence in the m. tuberculosis database (sanger) with similarity to the enzyme isocitrate lyase of both corynebacterium glutamicum and rhodococcus fascians. only marginal similarity was observed between this open readi ...199910572116
pathophysiology of surgical site infection in total hip arthroplasty.this article is a case report of a 69-year-old man who underwent a right total hip replacement procedure and developed a surgical site infection. areas of concern in prevention and treatment of hip arthroplasty infection are presented, focusing on the pathophysiologic process involved. a review of the patient risk factors and the pathophysiologic action potentiating risk for infection include host immunity, nutritional status, diabetes, age, use of steroids or immunosuppressive drugs, rheumatoid ...199910586159
a gene involved in quinate metabolism is specific to one dna homology group of xanthomonas campestris.a gene involved in quinate metabolism was cloned from xanthomonas campestris pv. juglandis strain c5. the gene, quma, located on a 4. 2-kb kpni-ecorv fragment in plasmid pqm38, conferred quinate metabolic activity to x. c. pv. celebensis. tn3-spice insertional analyses further located the quma gene on a region of about 3.0 kb within pqm38. nucleotide sequencing of this 3.0-kb fragment reveals that the coding region of quma is 2373 bp, the deduced amino acid sequence of which closely resembles a ...199910594704
acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex bacteremia: analysis of 82 cases.eighty-two cases of acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex bacteremia were identified during a 33-month period, from november 1993 to july 1996, at the veterans general hospital, taipei. all cases were due to hospital-acquired infections, with 28 cases of polymicrobial bacteremia. most patients had severe debilitating conditions: 26 had malignancies, 40 required stay in intensive care unit and 17 had undergone major operations. the main predisposing factors included central venous cathete ...199810596990
3,4-dihydrocoumarin hydrolase with haloperoxidase activity from acinetobacter calcoaceticus f46.a novel lactonohydrolase, an enzyme that catalyzes the hydrolysis of 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, was purified 375-fold to apparent homogeneity, with a 22.7% overall recovery, from acinetobacter calcoaceticus f46, which was isolated as a fluorene-assimilating micro-organism. the molecular mass of the native enzyme, as estimated by high-performance gel-permeation chromatography, is 56 kda, and the subunit molecular mass is 30 kda. the enzyme specifically hydrolyzes 3,4-dihydrocoumarin, and the km and vma ...200010601844
detection of clarithromycin-resistant helicobacter pylori strains by a preferential homoduplex formation assay.it has been shown that resistance to clarithromycin, a major cause of failure in helicobacter pylori eradication therapy, is associated with point mutations in the 23s rrna gene. we sought to apply the preferential homoduplex formation assay (phfa), a novel technique for the efficient detection of point mutations, to detection of the mutations. phfa was performed on streptavidin-coated microtiter plates with biotin- and dinitrophenyl-labeled amplicons to detect the wild-type gene or each mutant ...200010618089
generation of novel bacterial regulatory proteins that detect priority pollutant phenols.the genetic systems of bacteria that have the ability to use organic pollutants as carbon and energy sources can be adapted to create bacterial biosensors for the detection of industrial pollution. the creation of bacterial biosensors is hampered by a lack of information about the genetic systems that control production of bacterial enzymes that metabolize pollutants. we have attempted to overcome this problem through modification of dmpr, a regulatory protein for the phenol degradation pathway ...200010618218
natural transformation of acinetobacter sp. strain bd413 with cell lysates of acinetobacter sp., pseudomonas fluorescens, and burkholderia cepacia in soil microcosms.to elucidate the biological significance of dead bacterial cells in soil to the intra- and interspecies transfer of gene fragments by natural transformation, we have exposed the kanamycin-sensitive recipient acinetobacter sp. strain bd413(pfg4) to lysates of the kanamycin-resistant donor bacteria acinetobacter spp., pseudomonas fluorescens, and burkholderia cepacia. detection of gene transfer was facilitated by the recombinational repair of a partially (317 bp) deleted kanamycin resistance gene ...200010618225
homogeneity of danish environmental and clinical isolates of shewanella algae.danish isolates of shewanella algae constituted by whole-cell protein profiling a very homogeneous group, and no clear distinction was seen between strains from the marine environment and strains of clinical origin. although variation between all strains was observed by ribotyping and random amplified polymorphic dna analysis, no clonal relationship between infective strains was found. from several patients, clonally identical strains of s. algae were reisolated up to 8 months after the primary ...200010618264
bacteria are not what they eat: that is why they are so diverse. 200010629168
hbpr, a new member of the xylr/dmpr subclass within the ntrc family of bacterial transcriptional activators, regulates expression of 2-hydroxybiphenyl metabolism in pseudomonas azelaica hbp1.the regulation of 2-hydroxybiphenyl and 2,2'-dihydroxybiphenyl degradation in pseudomonas azelaica is mediated by the regulatory gene, hbpr. the hbpr gene encodes a 63-kda protein belonging to the ntrc family of prokaryotic transcriptional activators and having the highest homology to members of the xylr/dmpr subclass. disruption of the hbpr gene in p. azelaica and complementation in trans showed that the hbpr protein was the key regulator for 2-hydroxybiphenyl metabolism. induction experiments ...200010629187
isolation and partial characterization of bac201: a plasmid-associated bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance from staphylococcus aureus ab201.staphylococcus aureus ab201, a clinical isolate from wound pus, produced a bacteriocin-like inhibitory substance termed as bac201 that exhibited a broad-spectrum activity against both gram-positive as well as gram-negative bacteria. among gram-negative bacteria it was active against neisseria meningitidis and acinetobacter calcoaceticus both being gram-negative cocci. inhibition due to the effect of organic acids, hydrogen peroxide, or bacteriophages was excluded. this inhibitory substance could ...199910629973
nosocomial meningitis due to acinetobacter calcoaceticus in 10 children after ventriculoperitoneal shunt insertion. 200010633059
cloning, nucleotide sequencing, and analysis of the gene encoding an ampc beta-lactamase in acinetobacter baumannii.a clinical strain of acinetobacter baumannii (strain ab ryc 52763/97) that was isolated during an outbreak in our hospital and that was resistant to all beta-lactam antibiotics tested produced three beta-lactamases: a tem-1-type (pi, 5.4) plasmid-mediated beta-lactamase, a chromosomally mediated oxa-derived (pi, 9.0) beta-lactamase, and a presumptive chromosomal cephalosporinase (pi, 9.4). the nucleotide sequence of the chromosomal cephalosporinase gene shows for the first time the gene encoding ...200010639377
estimation of the yield coefficient of pseudomonas sp. strain dp-4 with a low substrate (2,4-dichlorophenol [dcp]) concentration in a mineral medium from which uncharacterized organic compounds were eliminated by a non-dcp-degrading organism.the yield coefficient (yc) of pseudomonas sp. strain dp-4, a 2, 4-dichlorophenol (dcp)-degrading organism, was estimated from the number of cfu produced at the expense of 1 unit amount of dcp at low concentrations. at a low concentration of dcp, the yc can be overestimated in pure culture, because dp-4 assimilated not only dcp but also uncharacterized organic compounds contaminating a mineral salt medium. the concentration of these uncharacterized organic compounds was nutritionally equivalent t ...200010653719
the discriminatory power of ribo-pcr compared to conventional ribotyping for epidemiological purposes.molecular typing techniques have become increasingly important for confirmation of epidemiological relationships and delimitation of nosocomial outbreaks. the discriminatory power of the two dna-based typing methods, conventional ribotyping and ribo-pcr, was assessed to distinguish between selected strains of acinetobacter calcoaceticus, enterobacter cloacae, serratia marcescens and pseudomonas aeruginosa. overall, conventional ribotyping was more discriminatory than ribo-pcr.199910660137
substrate range and genetic analysis of acinetobacter vanillate demethylase.an acinetobacter sp. genetic screen was used to probe structure-function relationships in vanillate demethylase, a two-component monooxygenase. mutants with null, leaky, and heat-sensitive phenotypes were isolated. missense mutations tended to be clustered in specific regions, most of which make known contributions to catalytic activity. the vanillate analogs m-anisate, m-toluate, and 4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethylbenzoate are substrates of the enzyme and weakly inhibit the metabolism of vanillate by wi ...200010671462
evolution of arginine biosynthesis in the bacterial domain: novel gene-enzyme relationships from psychrophilic moritella strains (vibrionaceae) and evolutionary significance of n-alpha-acetyl ornithinase.in the arginine biosynthetic pathway of the vast majority of prokaryotes, the formation of ornithine is catalyzed by an enzyme transferring the acetyl group of n-alpha-acetylornithine to glutamate (ornithine acetyltransferase [oatase]) (argj encoded). only two exceptions had been reported-the enterobacteriaceae and myxococcus xanthus (members of the gamma and delta groups of the class proteobacteria, respectively)-in which ornithine is produced from n-alpha-acetylornithine by a deacylase, acetyl ...200010692366
transformation of acinetobacter sp. strain bd413(pfg4deltanptii) with transgenic plant dna in soil microcosms and effects of kanamycin on selection of transformants.here we show that horizontal transfer of dna, extracted from transgenic sugar beets, to bacteria, based on homologous recombination, can occur in soil. restoration of a 317-bp-deleted nptii gene in acinetobacter sp. strain bd413(pfg4) cells incubated in sterile soil microcosms was detected after addition of nutrients and transgenic plant dna encoding a functional nptii gene conferring bacterial kanamycin resistance. selective effects of the addition of kanamycin on the population dynamics of aci ...200010698801
comparison of different pcr approaches for typing of francisella tularensis strains.in this study, we evaluated three pcr methods for epidemiological typing of francisella tularensis: repetitive extragenic palindromic element pcr (rep-pcr), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence pcr (eric-pcr), and random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) assay with both m13 and t3-t7 primers. the analysis was performed with 40 strains of f. tularensis isolated from hares, humans, ticks, and a vole. on the basis of the combination of rep, eric, and rapd fingerprints, f. tularen ...200010698989
improved repetitive-element pcr fingerprinting of salmonella enterica with the use of extremely elevated annealing temperatures.modified thermal cycling conditions were explored in an effort to improve the reproducibility and resolving power of repetitive-element pcr (rep-pcr) fingerprinting. assay performance was rigorously evaluated under standard and modified cycling conditions, using as a test set 12 strains putatively representing 12 serovars of salmonella enterica. for all three fingerprint types (eric2, boxa1r, and composite fingerprints), the use of extremely elevated annealing temperatures plus an initial "touch ...200010702502
aminoacyl-trna synthetases, the genetic code, and the evolutionary process.the aminoacyl-trna synthetases (aarss) and their relationship to the genetic code are examined from the evolutionary perspective. despite a loose correlation between codon assignments and aars evolutionary relationships, the code is far too highly structured to have been ordered merely through the evolutionary wanderings of these enzymes. nevertheless, the aarss are very informative about the evolutionary process. examination of the phylogenetic trees for each of the aarss reveals the following. ...200010704480
postoperative endophthalmitis caused by sequestered acinetobacter calcoaceticus.to describe postoperative endophthalmitis caused by sequestered acinetobacter calcoaceticus.200010704562
purification of a jojoba embryo fatty acyl-coenzyme a reductase and expression of its cdna in high erucic acid rapeseed.the jojoba (simmondsia chinensis) plant produces esters of long-chain alcohols and fatty acids (waxes) as a seed lipid energy reserve. this is in contrast to the triglycerides found in seeds of other plants. we purified an alcohol-forming fatty acyl-coenzyme a reductase (far) from developing embryos and cloned the cdna encoding the enzyme. expression of a cdna in escherichia coli confers far activity upon those cells and results in the accumulation of fatty alcohols. the far sequence shows signi ...200010712526
sinorhizobium meliloti puta gene regulation: a new model within the family rhizobiaceae.proline dehydrogenase (puta) is a bifunctional enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of proline to glutamate. in sinorhizobium meliloti, as in other microorganisms, the puta gene is transcriptionally activated in response to proline. in rhodobacter capsulatus, agrobacterium, and most probably in bradyrhizobium, this activation is dependent on an lrp-like protein encoded by the putr gene, located immediately upstream of puta. interestingly, sequence and genetic analysis of the region upstream of th ...200010715000
sal genes determining the catabolism of salicylate esters are part of a supraoperonic cluster of catabolic genes in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1.a 5-kbp region upstream of the are-ben-cat genes was cloned from acinetobacter sp. strain adp1, extending the supraoperonic cluster of catabolic genes to 30 kbp. four open reading frames, sala, salr, sale, and sald, were identified from the nucleotide sequence. reverse transcription-pcr studies suggested that these open reading frames are organized into two convergent transcription units, salar and salde. the sale gene, encoding a protein of 239 residues, was ligated into expression vector pet5a ...200010715011
nucleotide sequence of the bla(rtg-2) (carb-5) gene and phylogeny of a new group of carbenicillinases.we determined the nucleotide sequence of the bla gene for the acinetobacter calcoaceticus beta-lactamase previously described as carb-5. alignment of the deduced amino acid sequence with those of known beta-lactamases revealed that carb-5 possesses an rtg triad in box vii, as described for the proteus mirabilis gn79 enzyme, instead of the rsg consensus characteristic of the other carbenicillinases. phylogenetic studies showed that these rtg enzymes constitute a new, separate group, possibly ance ...200010722515
secreted enzymatic activities of wild-type and pild-deficient legionella pneumophila.legionella pneumophila, the agent of legionnaires' disease, is an intracellular pathogen of protozoa and macrophages. previously, we had determined that the legionella pild gene is involved in type iv pilus biogenesis, type ii protein secretion, intracellular infection, and virulence. since the loss of pili and a protease do not account for the infection defect exhibited by a pild-deficient strain, we sought to define other secreted proteins absent in the mutant. based upon the release of p-nitr ...200010722574
a novel phenanthrene dioxygenase from nocardioides sp. strain kp7: expression in escherichia coli.nocardioides sp. strain kp7 grows on phenanthrene but not on naphthalene. this organism degrades phenanthrene via 1-hydroxy-2-naphthoate, o-phthalate, and protocatechuate. the genes responsible for the degradation of phenanthrene to o-phthalate (phd) were found by southern hybridization to reside on the chromosome. a 10.6-kb dna fragment containing eight phd genes was cloned and sequenced. the phda, phdb, phdc, and phdd genes, which encode the alpha and beta subunits of the oxygenase component, ...200010735855
type iv pilus genes pila and pilc of pseudomonas stutzeri are required for natural genetic transformation, and pila can be replaced by corresponding genes from nontransformable species.pseudomonas stutzeri lives in terrestrial and aquatic habitats and is capable of natural genetic transformation. after transposon mutagenesis, transformation-deficient mutants were isolated from a p. stutzeri jm300 strain. in one of them a gene which coded for a protein with 75% amino acid sequence identity to pilc of pseudomonas aeruginosa, an accessory protein for type iv pilus biogenesis, was inactivated. the presence of type iv pili was demonstrated by susceptibility to the type iv pilus-dep ...200010735861
genetic and biochemical characterization of the pathway in pantoea citrea leading to pink disease of pineapple.pink disease of pineapple, caused by pantoea citrea, is characterized by a dark coloration on fruit slices after autoclaving. this coloration is initiated by the oxidation of glucose to gluconate, which is followed by further oxidation of gluconate to as yet unknown chromogenic compounds. to elucidate the biochemical pathway leading to pink disease, we generated six coloration-defective mutants of p. citrea that were still able to oxidize glucose into gluconate. three mutants were found to be af ...200010735866
flow cytometric techniques to characterise physiological states of acinetobacter calcoaceticus.monitoring biotechnological processes involves acquiring information about key metabolic events and, ideally, single cell states should be determined to obtain comprehensive data on the physiological status of the surveyed population. in this paper, growth stages of the strain acinetobacter calcoaceticus 69-v were characterised at the single cell level using flow cytometry. four methods for analysing bacterial cellular characteristics by fluorescence were compared with respect to their sensitivi ...200010739345
characterization of the protocatechuic acid catabolic gene cluster from streptomyces sp. strain 2065.protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase (ec 1.13.11.3) catalyzes the ring cleavage step in the catabolism of aromatic compounds through the protocatechuate branch of the beta-ketoadipate pathway. a protocatechuate 3,4-dioxygenase was purified from streptomyces sp. strain 2065 grown in p-hydroxybenzoate, and the n-terminal sequences of the beta- and alpha-subunits were obtained. pcr amplification was used for the cloning of the corresponding genes, and dna sequencing of the flanking regions showed that t ...200010742233
characteristics of acinetobacter strains (phenotype classification, antibiotic susceptibility and production of beta-lactamases) isolated from haemocultures from patients at the teaching hospital in olomouc.a total of 85 strains of the genus acinetobacter were isolated from haemocultures at the institute of microbiology of the teaching hospital in olomouc over the period january 1993 to june 1997. sixty-two (73.0%) strains of the acinetobacter calcoaceticus-baumannii complex (acb complex) were the most frequent. in 3 (3.5%) strains it was impossible to decide whether they belonged to the acb complex. other acinetobacter species were represented by 20 (23.5%) strains. the greatest amount (28.2%) of ...199910743729
[the clinical picture, treatment and prognosis of meningitis due to anaerobic and nonfermentative bacteria].the study of incidence, clinical manifestations and prognosis of meningitis with anaerobic and non-fermentative bacteria.199910756944
rapid and specific enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filter for detection and enumeration of thermophilic campylobacter spp. from milk and chicken rinses.six commercially available anti-campylobacter antibodies were examined for their applicability in an enzyme immunoassay on hydrophobic grid membrane filters, both for the detection and enumeration of campylobacter spp. when a panel of nine campylobacter (seven campylobacter jejuni and two campylobacter coli) and eight non-campylobacter strains were used in a dot-blot format enzyme immunoassay to test the specificity of these antibodies, only one polyclonal antibody (biodesign) detected all campy ...200010772214
monitoring precursor 16s rrnas of acinetobacter spp. in activated sludge wastewater treatment systems.recently, cangelosi and brabant used oligonucleotide probes targeting the precursor 16s rrna of escherichia coli to demonstrate that the levels of precursor rrna were more sensitive to changes in growth phase than the levels of total rrna (g. a. cangelosi and w. h. brabant, j. bacteriol. 179:4457-4463, 1997). in order to measure changes in the levels of precursor rrna in activated sludge systems, we designed oligonucleotide probes targeting the 3' region of the precursor 16s rrna of acinetobacte ...200010788395
a pcr-colorimetric microwell plate hybridization assay for detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium from culture samples and ziehl-neelsen-positive smears.differentiation between mycobacterium tuberculosis and m. avium is essential for the treatment of mycobacterial infections. we have developed an easy and rapid detection assay for the diagnosis of mycobacterial diseases. this is a pcr-hybridization assay based on selective amplification of a 16s rrna gene sequence using pan-mycobacterium primers followed by hybridization of the amplification products to biotinylated m. tuberculosis and m. avium-specific probes. a total of 55 mycobacterial isolat ...200010790097
in vitro activities of ampicillin, sulbactam and a combination of ampicillin and sulbactam against isolates of acinetobacter calcoaceticus-acinetobacter baumannii complex isolated in chile between 1990 and 1998. 200010797101
nosocomial pneumonia in a newborn intensive care unit.nosocomial pneumonia is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in hospitalized patients. the risk is especially high in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu) particularly in infants with mechanically assisted ventilation. during the 5-year period of the study, 160 infants with problems including prematurity (60.6%), respiratory distress (55.6%) and birth asphyxia (45.0%) were admitted to the nicu. one hundred and thirty-three infants (83.1%) received mechanical ventilation. nosocomial pneumo ...200010808699
oxa-24, a novel class d beta-lactamase with carbapenemase activity in an acinetobacter baumannii clinical strain.acinetobacter baumannii ryc 52763/97, a clinical isolate involved in a prolonged nosocomial outbreak at our hospital, was resistant to all beta-lactams tested, including imipenem and meropenem, which had mics of 128 and 256 microg/ml, respectively. this strain synthesized three beta-lactamases: a plasmid-mediated tem-1 beta-lactamase (pi 5.4), an ampc-type chromosomal cephalosporinase (pi 9.4), and a novel, presumptively chromosomally mediated oxa-related enzyme (pi 9.0) named oxa-24. after clon ...200010817708
acinetobacter calcoaceticus pneumonia and the formation of pneumatoceles.pneumatoceles are cystic lesions of the lungs often seen in children with staphylococcal pneumonia and positive-pressure ventilation. acinetobacter calcoaceticus is an aerobic, short immobile gram-negative rod, or coccobacillus, which is an omnipresent saprophyte. the variant anitratus is the most clinically significant pathogen in this family, usually presenting as a lower respiratory tract infection. acinetobacter has been demonstrated to be one of the most common organisms found in the icu. w ...200010823547
bactericidal and bacteriostatic activity of gemifloxacin against acinetobacter spp. in vitro.this study compared the in vitro bacteriostatic activity of gemifloxacin (sb-265805) and a panel of test antimicrobial agents against 100 clinical isolates of acinetobacter spp. (47 acinetobacter baumannii, 18 acinetobacter anitratus, 18 acinetobacter lwoffii, 13 acinetobacter calcoaceticus and four other acinetobacter spp.). gemifloxacin (mic(50/90) 0.06/16 mg/l) was more than eight-fold more potent than ciprofloxacin (0.5/>128 mg/l), two- to eight-fold more potent than grepafloxacin, moxifloxa ...200010824036
osmoprotection by pipecolic acid in sinorhizobium meliloti: specific effects of d and l isomers.dl-pipecolic acid (dl-pip) promotes growth restoration of sinorhizobium meliloti cells facing inhibitory hyperosmolarity. surprisingly, d and l isomers of this imino acid supplied separately were not effective. the uptake of l-pip was significantly favored in the presence of the d isomer and by a hyperosmotic stress. chromatographic analysis of the intracellular solutes showed that stressed cells did not accumulate radiolabeled l-pip. rather, it participates in the synthesis of the main endogeno ...200010831411
recovery of bordetella holmesii from patients with pertussis-like symptoms: use of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis to characterize circulating strains.a 4-year retrospective study showing that we isolated bordetella holmesii, but not bordetella pertussis, from patients with pertussis-like symptoms was performed. from 1995 through 1998, we isolated b. holmesii from 32 nasopharyngeal specimens that had been submitted from patients suspected of having pertussis. previously, b. holmesii had been associated mainly with septicemia and was not thought to be associated with respiratory illness. a study was undertaken to describe the characteristics of ...200010834997
a functional-phylogenetic classification system for transmembrane solute transporters.a comprehensive classification system for transmembrane molecular transporters has been developed and recently approved by the transport panel of the nomenclature committee of the international union of biochemistry and molecular biology. this system is based on (i) transporter class and subclass (mode of transport and energy coupling mechanism), (ii) protein phylogenetic family and subfamily, and (iii) substrate specificity. almost all of the more than 250 identified families of transporters in ...200010839820
comp, a pilin-like protein essential for natural competence in acinetobacter sp. strain bd413: regulation, modification, and cellular localization.we recently identified a pilin-like competence factor, comp, which is essential for natural transformation of the gram-negative soil bacterium acinetobacter sp. strain bd413. here we demonstrate that transcription and synthesis of the pilin-like competence factor comp are maximal in the late stationary growth phase, whereas competence is induced immediately after inoculation of a stationary-phase culture into fresh medium. western blot analyses revealed three forms of comp, one with an apparent ...200010850981
genetic investigation of the catabolic pathway for degradation of abietane diterpenoids by pseudomonas abietaniphila bkme-9.we have cloned and sequenced the dit gene cluster encoding enzymes of the catabolic pathway for abietane diterpenoid degradation by pseudomonas abietaniphila bkme-9. the dit gene cluster is located on a 16.7-kb dna fragment containing 13 complete open reading frames (orfs) and 1 partial orf. the genes dita1a2a3 encode the alpha and beta subunits and the ferredoxin of the dioxygenase which hydroxylates 7-oxodehydroabietic acid to 7-oxo-11,12-dihydroxy-8, 13-abietadien acid. the dioxygenase mutant ...200010850995
ib-367, a protegrin peptide with in vitro and in vivo activities against the microflora associated with oral mucositis.although the microflora associated with oral mucositis initiated by cytotoxic therapy is not well characterized, several studies suggest that reduction of the microbial load in the oral cavity has some clinical benefit. the mics of ib-367, a synthetic protegrin analog, ranged from 0.13 to 64 microgram/ml for gram-positive bacteria (streptococcus mitis, streptococcus sanguis, streptococcus salivarius, and staphylococcus aureus) and from 0.06 to 8 microgram/ml for gram-negative species (klebsiella ...200010858334
community dynamics of a mixed-bacterial culture growing on petroleum hydrocarbons in batch culture.the effects of various hydrocarbon substrates, and a chemical surfactant capable of enhancing crude-oil biodegradation, on the community structure of a mixed-bacterial inoculum were examined in batch culture. of 1000 tsa-culturable isolates, 68.6% were identified at the genus level or better by phospholipid fatty acid analysis over 7-day time course experiments. cultures were exposed to 20 g/l bow river crude oil with and without 0.625 g/l igepal co-630 (a nonylphenol ethoxylate surfactant), 5 g ...200010872080
microbiological investigation on black crusts from open-air stone monuments of bologna (italy).samples of black crusts taken from open-air stone monuments in bologna dating back to between the twelfth and the nineteenth century were considered. the microbiological test procedures isolated from a high number of chemoorganotrophic bacteria, each of the samples although it was expected to find chemo-lithotrophic (specially sulfur-oxidizing and nitrifying) bacteria on account of the great amounts of sulphur, carbon, nitrogen dioxides and ammonia in the air. sporogenous and asporogenous specie ...200010872690
development and application of small-subunit rrna probes for assessment of selected thiobacillus species and members of the genus acidiphilium.culture-dependent studies have implicated sulfur-oxidizing bacteria as the causative agents of acid mine drainage and concrete corrosion in sewers. thiobacillus species are considered the major representatives of the acid-producing bacteria in these environments. small-subunit rrna genes from all of the thiobacillus and acidiphilium species catalogued by the ribosomal database project were identified and used to design oligonucleotide dna probes. two oligonucleotide probes were synthesized to co ...200010877807
the bacterial enhancer-dependent sigma(54) (sigma(n)) transcription factor. 200010894718
simultaneous identification of two cyclohexanone oxidation genes from an environmental brevibacterium isolate using mrna differential display.the technique of mrna differential display was used to identify simultaneously two metabolic genes involved in the degradation of cyclohexanone in a new halotolerant brevibacterium environmental isolate. in a strategy based only on the knowledge that cyclohexanone oxidation was inducible in this strain, the mrna population of cells exposed to cyclohexanone was compared to that of control cells using reverse transcription-pcr reactions primed with a collection of 81 arbitrary oligonucleotides. th ...200010894733
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