Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID
Filter
prospective study of antibacterial susceptibility, risk factors and outcome of 157 episodes of acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia in 1999 in slovakia.this study prospectively investigated all 157 cases of acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia occurring in major university hospitals or tertiary care institutions in slovakia during 1999 in order to determine the antimicrobial susceptibility, risk factors and outcome. resistance to meropenem was 7.4, gentamicin 35.6, amikacin 26.5, cefepime 20.4 and ciprofloxacin 32.7%, but was only 17.3% to cefoperazone/sulbactam or ampicillin/sulbactam. antimicrobial susceptibility of a. baumanii was lowest among ...200111868760
antibiotic policy: a tool for controlling resistance of hospital pathogens.multiresistant gram-negative bacilli, including strains of klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter spp, acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa, resistant to broad spectrum beta-lactams, aminoglycosides and fluoroquinolones, are recovered at increasing frequency from patients suffering from nosocomial infections, particularly from those receiving intensive care. the emergence and spread of resistant pathogens to endemic and epidemic levels has frequently been related in time and place to ...199911869273
effects of t4 lysozyme release from transgenic potato roots on bacterial rhizosphere communities are negligible relative to natural factors.rhizosphere bacterial communities of two transgenic potato lines which produce t4 lysozyme for protection against bacterial infections were analyzed in comparison to communities of wild-type plants and transgenic controls not harboring the lysozyme gene. rhizosphere samples were taken from young, flowering, and senescent plants at two field sites in three consecutive years. the communities were characterized in a polyphasic approach. cultivation-dependent methods included heterotrophic plate cou ...200211872484
novel pcr-probe assay for detection of and discrimination between legionella pneumophila and other legionella species in clinical samples. 200211880461
[effectiveness of contact isolation in the control of multiresistant bacteria in an intensive care service].to describe the frequency, characteristics and progression of critically ill patients admitted to the icu, for whom isolation is indicated due to detection of multiresistant pathogenic bacteria, and to study the effectiveness of precautionary measures to avoid dissemination of these microorganisms.200211886673
apoptotic cell death induced by acinetobacter baumannii in epithelial cells through caspase-3 activation.epithelial cell death induced by acinetobacter baumannii infection was investigated using in vitro assays. eight hours after live a. baumannii infection, hela cells exhibited detachment from the dish, rounding morphologies, high proportions of trypan blue-positive cells and extensive dna breakdown with faint apoptotic banding, which is indicative of cells undergoing apoptosis. the enzymatic activity of caspase-3 was increased in cells as early as 2 h after infection. in addition, apoptosis of he ...200111890571
antimicrobial resistance in gram-negative isolates from european intensive care units: data from the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) programme.susceptibility data were collected for 6243 gram-negative isolates from 29 european icus participating in the meropenem yearly susceptibility test information collection (mystic) programme (1997-2000). the most commonly isolated bacteria were pseudomonas aeruginosa (22.5%), escherichia coli (19.8%), klebsiella pneumoniae (10.4%), and enterobacter cloacae (7.7%). the incidence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producers was higher in turkish, russian and italian icus (27.9-39.6%) than in other ...200211892895
the cost of antibiotic resistance: effect of resistance among staphylococcus aureus, klebsiella pneumoniae, acinetobacter baumannii, and pseudmonas aeruginosa on length of hospital stay.to assess the effect of antimicrobial resistance on length of hospital stay, a case-control study compared infections due to four nosocomial pathogens. significantly increased lengths of stay were associated with infections due to methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus, extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing klebsiella pneumoniae, and carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii or pseudomonas aeruginosa. infections with resistant pathogens are associated with prolonged hospitalization.200211893146
current status of antimicrobial resistance in taiwan.while some trends in antimicrobial resistance rates are universal, others appear to be unique for specific regions. in taiwan, the strikingly high prevalence of resistance to macrolides and streptogramin in clinical isolates of gram-positive bacteria correlates with the widespread use of these agents in the medical and farming communities, respectively. the relatively low rate of enterococci that are resistant to glycopeptide does not parallel the high use of glycopeptides and extended-spectrum ...200211897063
bla(vim-2) cassette-containing novel integrons in metallo-beta-lactamase-producing pseudomonas aeruginosa and pseudomonas putida isolates disseminated in a korean hospital.we investigated the phenotypic and genetic properties of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing pseudomonas isolates collected at a tertiary-care hospital in korea since 1995. the prevalence of imipenem resistance among pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates reached 16% in 1997, when 9% of the resistant organisms were found to produce vim-2 beta-lactamase, a class b enzyme previously found only in p. aeruginosa isolates from europe. vim-2-producing isolates of pseudomonas putida were also detected. resistanc ...200211897589
effect of an efflux pump inhibitor on the mic of nalidixic acid for acinetobacter baumannii and stenotrophomonas maltophilia clinical isolates. 200211909848
how many nosocomial infections are associated with cross-transmission? a prospective cohort study in a surgical intensive care unit.to determine the percentage of cross-transmissions in an intensive care unit (icu) with high nosocomial infection (ni) rates according to the data of the german nosocomial infection surveillance system.200211918116
recent developments in carbapenems.carbapenems are beta-lactam antibiotics characterised by the presence of a beta-lactam ring with a carbon instead of sulfone in the 4-position of the thyazolidinic moiety. the first carbapenem to be utilised in therapy was imipenem, the n-formimidoyl derivative of thienamycin. imipenem is coadministered with cilastatin, an inhibitor of human renal dehydropeptidase i, as imipenem is hydrolysed by this enzyme. meropenem was the first carbapenem with a 1-beta-methyl group and 2-thio pyrrolidinyl mo ...200211922861
community-acquired acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia in adult patients in taiwan.we determined the clinical and microbiologic characteristics of community-acquired acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia in 19 adult patients. we found that malignancy was the most frequent underlying disease. the overall mortality rate was 58%. all 14 available isolates were identified as genomic species 2 (a. baumannii) by 16s ribosomal dna sequencing and were found to be genetically distinct by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis.200211923388
nontraditional dosing of ampicillin-sulbactam for multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii meningitis.a 52-year-old man was admitted to a local hospital with headache, nausea, vomiting, dizziness, photophobia, and confusion after a sudden fall. progressive changes in neurologic function were noted despite neurosurgical intervention and broad-spectrum antimicrobial coverage. cerebral spinal fluid (csf) culture identified acinetobacter baumannii that was resistant to traditionally recommended therapies of amikacin and imipenem-cilastatin. the organism demonstrated minimum inhibitory concentrations ...200211939689
gastritis and hypergastrinemia due to acinetobacter lwoffii in mice.in mouse models and humans, helicobacter pylori is associated with an increase in serum gastrin and gastrin-expressing (g) cells with a concomitant decrease in somatostatin-expressing d cells. inflammation of the gastric mucosa can progress to metaplastic changes in the stomach and to decreased colonization by h. pylori and increased colonization by non-h. pylori organisms. in addition, about 20% of individuals with chronic gastritis are h. pylori negative, suggesting that other organisms may in ...200211953405
cerebrospinal fluid penetration and pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of intravenously administered colistin in a case of multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii meningitis.described here is a case of meningitis caused by multidrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii susceptible only to colistin, which was treated successfully with intravenous colistin sulfomethate sodium (5 mg/kg/day). the levels of colistin in serum and cerebrospinal fluid and the pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic parameters of colistin were determined. in this case, intravenously administered colistin penetrated cerebrospinal fluid (25% of serum levels) at levels sustaining bactericidal concentratio ...200211957024
origin and evolution of the ampc beta-lactamases of citrobacter freundii.to determine whether the widespread clinical use of beta-lactams has been selective for citrobacter freundii-derived alleles of plasmid ampc genes, we generated a bayesian consensus phylogeny of the published ampc sequences and compared the mics of 16 beta-lactam antibiotics for escherichia coli strains containing cloned copies of the c. freundii ampc alleles. we found that for the majority of compounds investigated, there has been essentially no increase in beta-lactam resistance conferred by t ...200211959544
characterization and movement of the class 1 integron known as tn2521 and tn1405.two putative transposons, tn2521 and tn1405, carrying determinants for the pse-4 beta-lactamase and for resistance to streptomycin, spectinomycin, and sulfonamides were previously isolated from the chromosome of pseudomonas aeruginosa dalgleish. detailed mapping and determination of the complete sequence of tn2521 revealed that it is a class 1 integron, here renamed in33, with a backbone structure identical to that of in4 from tn1696. in33 contains two gene cassettes, blap1 and aada1, replacing ...200211959558
[monitoring the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria in microbiology laboratories using bacterio software].since 1997, the microbiology laboratory of the hospital center in lens has monitored hospital ecology and epidemiology to provide rapid information that help to adapt probabilistic antibiotherapy and to estimate the impact of hygienic preventive measures on the incidence of multidrug-resistant bacteria (mrb).200211963375
candida dubliniensis infection, singapore. 200211971784
[post-marketing surveillance of antibacterial activities of cefozopran against various clinical isolates--ii. gram-negative bacteria].as a post-marketing surveillance, the in vitro antibacterial activities of cefozopran (czop), an agent of cephems, against various clinical isolates were yearly evaluated and compared with those of other cephems, oxacephems, penicillins, monobactams, and carbapenems. changes in czop susceptibility for the bacteria were also evaluated with the bacterial resistance ratio calculated with the breakpoint mic. twenty-five species (3,362 strains) of gram-negative bacteria were isolated from the clinica ...200211977920
corneal ulcer of the side port after phacoemulsification induced by acinetobacter baumannii.a 75-year-old man had clear corneal phacoemulsification using a temporal approach in the left eye. two months after surgery, a focal corneal epithelial defect developed with infiltration near the lower limbus on the site of the side-port incision. the culture of corneal scrapping grew acinetobacter baumannii, which is resistant to most ordinary antibiotics in sensitivity tests. after appropriate antibiotic treatment, the ulcer healed gradually with vessel ingrowth. acinetobacter baumannii is usu ...200211978475
[prevalance of nosocomial infections in tetraplegic upper extremity surgery. prospective study of twenty patients].many risk factors of nosocomial infection may be met with tetraplegic patients. the objective of this work was to study the prevalence of colonization by 3 multiresistants bacteria (methicillin resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), klebsiella pneumoniae with widened spectrum beta lactamase or multi-resistant acinetobacter baumannii) on this population.200211980347
comparative studies of the acinetobacter genus and the species identification method based on the reca sequences.the reca gene is indispensable for a maintaining and diversification of the bacterial genetic material. given its important role in ensuring cell viability, it is not surprising that the reca protein is both ubiquitous and well conserved among a range of prokaryotes. previously, we reported acinetobacter genomic species identification method based on pcr amplification of an internal fragment of the reca gene with subsequent restriction analysis (rflp) with hinfi and mboi enzymes. in present stud ...200212005442
[incidence of colonization and infection by acinetobacter baumannii in an endemic seting (icu). analysis of risk factors by means of a surveillance study].our icu has witnessed a gradual increase in infections due to acinetobacter baumannii complex that has reached a level of stable endemia since 1995. this situation, aggravated by a high degree of resistance, has led to the present prospective study, designed to establish the incidence of acinetobacter colonization and to investigate the role of risk factors and their relation to environmental colonization.200212006255
molecular epidemiology of nosocomial infection associated with multi-resistant acinetobacter baumannii by infrequent-restriction-site pcr.acinetobacter baumannii was considered endemic in a university-affiliated tertiary hospital. a significant increase was noted in the proportion of nosocomial infections associated with this micro-organism from 1996 to 1999, although no apparent clusters could be found. between july 1998 and february 2000, 58 nosocomial isolates of a. baumannii were collected and characterized by antibiotyping and a genotyping method, infrequent-restriction-site pcr (irs-pcr). high resistance to the 14 antimicrob ...200212009817
hospital-acquired infections following the 1999 marmara earthquake.in this study, medical records of all casualties admitted to our hospital following the marmara earthquake, which struck northwest turkey and resulted in the destruction of several towns in the marmara region, were evaluated retrospectively. the time buried under the rubble, demographic data, type of medical and surgical therapies performed, type of injury and data on infection were analysed. between 17 august and 25 september 1999, 630 trauma victims were received at our hospital and 532 (84%) ...200212009820
activity of novispirin g10 against pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro and in infected burns.the emergence of multidrug-resistant microbes has serious implications for managing infection and sepsis and has stimulated efforts to develop alternative treatments, such as antimicrobial peptides. the objective of this study was to test a designer peptide, novispirin g10, against multidrug-resistant microorganisms. by two-stage radial diffusion assays, its activity against such organisms compared favorably with that of standard antibiotics and other antimicrobial peptides. it killed bacteria v ...200212019098
efficacy of colistin versus beta-lactams, aminoglycosides, and rifampin as monotherapy in a mouse model of pneumonia caused by multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii.the treatment of life-threatening infections due to carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii has become a serious challenge for physicians worldwide. often, only colistin shows in general good in vitro activity against these carbapenem-resistant strains, but its antibacterial efficacy in comparison with the antibiotics most used in clinical practice is not well known. we studied the efficacy of colistin versus those of imipenem, sulbactam, tobramycin, and rifampin in an experimental pneumoni ...200212019113
chromosome-encoded class d beta-lactamase oxa-23 in proteus mirabilis.ten nonrepetitive proteus mirabilis isolates, which were collected over 4 years (1996 to 1999) at the teaching hospital of clermont-ferrand, france, produced class d carbapenemase oxa-23. mics of imipenem were 0.25 to 0.5 microg/ml for these clinical isolates. molecular typing revealed that the 10 p. mirabilis isolates originated from the same clonal strain. hybridization of i-ceui-generated chromosome fragments with a bla(oxa-23) probe showed that the gene was chromosome encoded in the p. mirab ...200212019126
an outbreak due to multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii in a burn unit: risk factors for acquisition and management.to describe the investigation and management of an outbreak due to multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii and to determine risk factors for acquisition of the organism.200212026151
effects of antibiotics on protected specimen brush sampling in ventilator-associated pneumonia.the effects of antibiotic treatment on the results of protected specimen brushing (psb) in ventilator-associated pneumonia were prospectively assessed by performing this procedure before antibiotic treatment, and 12, 24, 48 and 72 h after initiation of antibiotic treatment, in 35 ventilated patients who developed pneumonia during mechanical ventilation. the number of micro-organisms isolated, their concentration (colony-forming units (cfu) ml(-1)), and the number of cases with a positive psb (> ...200212030737
characterization of unusual bacteria isolated from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis patients and description of inquilinus limosus gen. nov., sp. nov.using a polyphasic approach (including cellular protein and fatty acid analysis, biochemical characterization, 16s ribosomal dna sequencing, and dna-dna hybridizations), we characterized 51 bacterial isolates recovered from respiratory secretions of cystic fibrosis (cf) patients. our analyses showed that 24 isolates belong to taxa that have so far not (or only rarely) been reported from cf patients. these taxa include acinetobacter sp., bordetella hinzii, burkholderia fungorum, comamonas testost ...200212037065
[etiology of hospital-acquired infections in spanish hospitals (epine, 1990-1999)].clinical and demographic characteristics of patients, their interaction with pathogens and antimicrobial therapies are prompting changes in the epidemiology of hospital-acquired infections (hi). the knowledge of the etiology of hospital-acquired infections is valuable for the treatment of infected patients and for the prevention of hi.patients and method: we analyzed a series of 10 annual prevalence studies during the period 1990-1999 (epine project) in spanish hospitals. estimate of prevalence ...200212049704
3: community-acquired pneumonia.community-acquired pneumonia is caused by a range of organisms, most commonly streptococcus pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, chlamydia pneumoniae and respiratory viruses. chest x-ray is required for diagnosis. a risk score based on patient age, coexisting illness, physical signs and results of investigations can aid management decisions. patients at low risk can usually be managed with oral antibiotics at home, while those at higher risk should be further assessed, and may need admission to ho ...200212013330
blactx-m-2 is located in an unusual class 1 integron (in35) which includes orf513.examination of the bla(ctx-m-2) gene in plasmid pmar-12 by sequencing and pcr analysis revealed that the bla gene and the surrounding dna, which is closely related (99% homology) to the kluyvera ascorbata chromosomal dna that contains the bla(klua-1) gene, are located in a complex sul1-type integron, termed in35, that includes orf513. it is possible that bla(ctx-m-2) was acquired by plasmid pmar-12 through an uncharacterized recombinational event in which orf513 could be involved.200212069995
epidemic acinetobacter baumannii strain with mrsa-like behaviour carried by healthcare staff. 200212072949
a multi-resistant acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in a general intensive care unit.in an intensive care unit, three patients were found infected and two colonized with multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii within a period of one week. to identify the outbreak source, two surveillance studies were performed concerning patients and the environment. genotyping of isolates was performed by random amplification of polymorphic dna analysis (rapd). environmental sampling failed to yield a. baumannii, with the exception of a single sample from a trunking. rapd-fingerprinting yielded ...200212073770
epidemiological typing and prevalence of integrons in multiresistant acinetobacter strains.seventy-seven acinetobacter isolates were recovered from patients in a korean hospital during the period from november to december 1998. the isolates were genotyped using randomly amplified polymorphic dna (rapd) analysis for epidemiological relationship, and investigated for antibiotic susceptibility and presence of integrons. sixty-nine acinetobacter baumannii isolates were distributed into five groups by rapd profiles, with 5, 1, 60, 2 and 1 in each group. the major rapd group of 60 isolates ...200212076278
emerging carbapenemases in gram-negative aerobes.carbapenemases may be defined as beta-lactamases that significantly hydrolyze at least imipenem or/and meropenem. carbapenemases involved in acquired resistance are of ambler molecular classes a, b, and d. class a, clavulanic acid-inhibited carbapenemases are rare. they are either chromosomally encoded (nmc-a, sme-1 to sme-3, imi-1) in enterobacter cloacae and serratia marcescens, or plasmid encoded, such as kpc-1 in klebsiella pneumoniae and ges-2 in pseudomonas aeruginosa, the latter being a p ...200212084099
[interpretative reading of the non-fermenting gram-negative bacilli antibiogram].among non-fermenting gram-negative rods, the most clinically important species are pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, and stenotrophomonas maltophilia, which are frequently multiresistant. p. aeruginosa resistance to beta-lactams depends on the production of chromosomal and plasmid-mediated beta-lactamases, altered permeability (loss of oprd porin is related to carbapenem-resistance) and active efflux pumps, particularly mexab-oprm. in aminoglycoside-resistant strains the main mech ...200212084355
plant-dependent genotypic and phenotypic diversity of antagonistic rhizobacteria isolated from different verticillium host plants.to study the effect of plant species on the abundance and diversity of bacterial antagonists, the abundance, the phenotypic diversity, and the genotypic diversity of rhizobacteria isolated from potato, oilseed rape, and strawberry and from bulk soil which showed antagonistic activity towards the soilborne pathogen verticillium dahliae kleb. were analyzed. rhizosphere and soil samples were taken five times over two growing seasons in 1998 and 1999 from a randomized field trial. bacterial isolates ...200212089011
molecular characterization of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing acinetobacter baumannii and acinetobacter genomospecies 3 from korea: identification of two new integrons carrying the bla(vim-2) gene cassettes.carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter spp. used to be rare, but are increasingly isolated in korea. among 28 isolates of imipenem-resistant acinetobacter spp. found in a korean hospital in 1998 and 1999, 14 produced metallo-beta-lactamases. the bla(vim-2) gene was detected, by pcr, in 11 and two isolates of acinetobacter baumannii and acinetobacter genomospecies 3, respectively, and bla(imp-1) in one isolate of a. baumannii. the mics of imipenem for the isolates were 8-32 mg/l. pfge analysis of sma ...200212003980
pneumonia in multiple injured patients: a prospective controlled trial on early prediction using clinical and immunological parameters.in a prospective trial 266 multiple injured patients were included to evaluate clinical risk factors and immune parameters related to pneumonia.200212056515
citywide clonal outbreak of multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa in brooklyn, ny: the preantibiotic era has returned.carbapenems are important agents for treating nosocomial gram-negative infections. carbapenem-resistant bacteria have become increasingly problematic in certain regions. this study determined the citywide prevalence and molecular epidemiological features of carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii and pseudomonas aeruginosa in brooklyn, ny.200212090889
ruptured mycotic aneurysm of the iliac artery complicated by emphysematous psoas muscle abscess: report of two cases.emphysematous psoas muscle abscess has rarely been described and has not been reported to be associated with ruptured mycotic aneurysm. we report two cases of ruptured mycotic iliac arterial aneurysm complicated by emphysematous abscess of the left psoas muscle. case 1 occurred in a 70-year-old man and case 2 in a 63-year-old woman. both patients presented with fever for several weeks. clinical clues leading to the diagnosis included a palpable abdominal mass with (case 2) or without (case 1) pu ...200212099206
peritonitis in acute peritoneal dialysis in a university hospital.although acute peritoneal dialysis is a useful procedure, peritonitis is often a complication. when the patient is mainly at risk of peritonitis is controversial. the purpose of this study was to find the incidence time of peritonitis, the infecting microorganism, and risk factors.200212118495
comparative in-vitro activities of ertapenem against aerobic bacterial pathogens isolated from patients with complicated intra-abdominal infections.the in vitro activities of ertapenem, ceftriaxone, amoxicillin-clavulanate, ampicillin-sulbactam, and piperacillin-tazobactam were compared against 1018 aerobic bacterial pathogens isolated from 531 patients with complicated intra-abdominal infection. enterobacteriaceae accounted for 66.3% of the aerobic bacteria; escherichia coli was the most common isolate. the ertapenem minimal inhibitory concentration was < or = 2 microg/ml for 74.6% of isolates and > or = 8 microg/ml for 21.9% (including is ...200212120874
in-vitro activity of clinafloxacin compared to ciprofloxacin against acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from intensive care unit patients.the activity of clinafloxacin was compared to that of ciprofloxacin against 154 acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from patients treated in intensive care units. minimum inhibitory concentrations (mics) were determined by the epsilometer test method. the majority (87.6%) of the a. baumannii strains tested were resistant to ciprofloxacin (mic range 0.125->32, mic50 = >32, mic90 = >32). on the contrary, only 9.7% of the strains tested were resistant to clinafloxacin (mic range 0.023->4, mic5 ...200212120875
multi-resistant acinetobacter baumannii on a burns unit--clinical risk factors and prognosis.burns patients are highly susceptible to infection, and preventing and treating infection are integral to the successful management of severe burns.multi-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (mr-ab) strains are becoming increasingly important in nosocomial infections. we conducted a retrospective study of all adult admissions to the singapore general hospital (sgh) national burns center over an 18-month period. the only independent risk factors for the acquisition of mr-ab were the apache ii score ...200212052373
pandrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii causing nosocomial infections in a university hospital, taiwan.the rapid emergence (from 0% before 1998 to 6.5% in 2000) of pandrug-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (pdrab) was noted in a university hospital in taiwan. to understand the epidemiology of these isolates, we studied 203 pdrab isolates, taken from january 1999 to april 2000: 199 from 73 hospitalized patients treated at different clinical settings in the hospital and 4 from environmental sites in an intensive-care unit. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis and random amplified polymorphic d ...200212141969
association between intensity of chlorhexidine use and micro-organisms of reduced susceptibility in a hospital environment.the potential for emergence of resistance to biocides has been a concern in recent years. this study tested whether an association exists between the intensity of chlorhexidine use and chlorhexidine susceptibility of micro-organisms isolated from patients in different clinical areas in an acute-care general hospital. organisms frequently involved in nosocomial infections in the hospital were chosen for study over a six week period: staphylococcus aureus (60 isolates), coagulase-negative staphylo ...200212144799
evaluation of a new etest for detecting metallo-beta-lactamases in routine clinical testing.several etest (ab biodisk, solna, sweden) gradient formats were developed for detection of metallo-beta-lactamases based on the reduction of imipenem (ip) or ceftazidime (tz) mics in the presence of edta or 2-mercaptopropionic acid (mpa). the etest metallo-beta-lactamase (etest mbl) strips consisted of a double-sided seven-dilution range of ip or tz (4 to 256 microg/ml) and ip or tz (1 to 64 microg/ml) overlaid with a constant concentration of edta or mpa. the prototype strips were evaluated on ...200212149325
genotyping of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus by assaying for the presence of variable elements associated with meca.the region surrounding meca in methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) is highly variable. we describe an approach for the rapid genotyping of mrsa by assaying for the presence or absence of variable or mobile elements previously shown to be associated with the meca region.200212149390
community-acquired bacterial meningitis in adults: the epidemiology, timing of appropriate antimicrobial therapy, and prognostic factors.between january 1986 and december 1999, 109 adult patients with culture-proven community-acquired bacterial meningitis were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital. to compare changes over time, the appearance of disease among our patients was divided into two equal time periods: an earlier time period (1986-1992) and a later time period (1993-1999). in this study, there was a decreasing proportion of community-acquired bacterial meningitis compared with nosocomial bacterial meningi ...200212140104
the resistance mechanisms of b-lactam antimicrobials in clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii.despite increasing importance of acinetobacter baumannii in nosocomial infections and rapid development of multi-antimicrobial resistance in this strain, the resistance mechanisms of beta-lactam antimicrobials in a. baumannii were not clearly defined. in order to observe the resistance mechanisms against beta-lactams and carbapenem, we characterized the production of beta-lactamases and outermembrane protein (omp) profiles for the 44 clinical isolates of a. baumannii.200212164097
quantitative culture of endotracheal aspirates in the diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia in patients with treatment failure.to study the correlation of bacteriology between quantitative cultures of protected specimen brush (psb), bal, and quantitative endotracheal aspirate (qea) in ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) patients with treatment failure.200212171848
identification and antimicrobial susceptibility testing of clinical isolates of nonfermenting gram-negative bacteria by the phoenix automated microbiology system.the phoenix automated microbiology system (becton dickinson, sparks, md) was evaluated for its ability to identify nonfermenting gram-negative pathogens and measure their drug susceptibility. isolates producing rare extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (per-1, imp-2, vim-1, and vim-2) were included in the study. species identification was compared to that given by the atb system (bio-mérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), whereas susceptibility results were compared to those produced by a reference brot ...200212173774
occurrence of antibiotic resistance gene cassettes aac(6')-ib, dfra5, dfra12, and erea2 in class i integrons in non-o1, non-o139 vibrio cholerae strains in india.molecular mechanisms of multidrug resistance in vibrio cholerae belonging to non-o1, non-o139 serogroups isolated during 1997 to 1998 in calcutta, india, were investigated. out of the 94 strains examined, 22 strains were found to have class i integrons. the gene cassettes identified were dfra1, dfra15, dfra5, and dfra12 for trimethoprim; aac(6')-ib for amikacin and tobramycin; aada1 and aada2 for streptomycin and spectinomycin; and erea2 for erythromycin resistance. to our knowledge, this is the ...200212183252
prospective survey of beta-lactamases produced by ceftazidime- resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated in a french hospital in 2000.in 2000, at the université d'auvergne teaching hospital in clermont-ferrand, france, 44 (6.2%) strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa were found to be resistant to ceftazidime. after genotyping, 34 strains were selected. nine had an additional beta-lactamase: oxa-21 (n = 6), pse-1 (carb-2) (n = 2), or per-1 (n = 1). ceftazidime resistance was related solely to the overproduction of the cephalosporinase in 30 strains. sequencing of five bla(ampc) genes encoding cephalosporinases with different pis sho ...200212183264
completely resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains.nosocomially acquired completely resistant acinetobacter baumannii strains are a major clinical concern. we identified completely resistant a. baumannii in 6 (4.9%) of 122 a. baumannii isolates in a retrospective chart review at two teaching hospitals. all of these patients had received broad-spectrum antibiotics and had severe underlying comorbid illnesses, long hospitalizations, or recent surgical procedures; 3 had been in the intensive care unit. five (83%) of the 6 patients were older than 7 ...200212186218
[evaluation of the rapid lumi 'eiken' using chemiluminescent assay for rapid antimicrobial susceptibility testing].one hundred ninety eight clinical isolates, including enterobacteriaceae (70 strains), pseudomonas aeruginosa (20 strains), acinetobacter baumannii (10 strains), staphylococci (50 strains), enterococci (20 strains), streptococcus pneumoniae (15 strains) and haemophilus influenzae (13 strains) were tested for their antimicrobial susceptibilities by using the rapid lumi 'eiken' (rl). as a reference method, broth microdilution method according to the national committee for clinical laboratory stand ...200212199112
detection of rickettsia prowazekii in body lice and their feces by using monoclonal antibodies.in order to identify rickettsia prowazekii in lice, we developed a panel of 29 representative monoclonal antibodies selected from 187 positive hybridomas made by fusing splenocytes of immunized mice with sp2/0-ag14 myeloma cells. immunoblotting revealed that 15 monoclonal antibodies reacted with the lipopolysaccharide-like (lps-l) antigen and 14 reacted with the epitopes of a 120-kda protein. only typhus group rickettsiae reacted with the monoclonal antibodies against lps-l. r. felis, a recently ...200212202579
outbreak of a susceptible strain of acinetobacter species 13 (sensu tjernberg and ursing) in an adult neurosurgical intensive care unit.between december 1999 and june 2000, an outbreak caused by acinetobacter emerged on the neurosurgical intensive care unit of our hospital. it was shown using automated ribotyping using eco ri and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis that the outbreak was caused by spread of a single strain, which was identified by ribotyping and amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis as acinetobacter dna group 13tu (sensu tjernberg and ursing). the outbreak strain, which showed no antibiotic resistance, was id ...200212090795
efficient plastid transformation in tobacco using the apha-6 gene and kanamycin selection.here we report on the development of a new dominant selection marker for plastid transformation in higher plants using the aminoglycoside phosphotransferase gene apha-6 from acinetobacter baumannii. vectors containing chimeric apha-6 gene constructs were introduced into the tobacco chloroplast using particle bombardment of alginate-embedded protoplast-derived micro colonies or polyethylene glycol (peg)-mediated dna uptake. targeted insertion into the plastome was achieved via homologous recombin ...200212242495
diversity of endophytic bacterial populations and their interaction with xylella fastidiosa in citrus plants.citrus variegated chlorosis (cvc) is caused by xylella fastidiosa, a phytopathogenic bacterium that can infect all citrus sinensis cultivars. the endophytic bacterial communities of healthy, resistant, and cvc-affected citrus plants were studied by using cultivation as well as cultivation-independent techniques. the endophytic communities were assessed in surface-disinfected citrus branches by plating and denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge). dominant isolates were characterized by fat ...200212324338
imipenem-edta disk method for differentiation of metallo-beta-lactamase-producing clinical isolates of pseudomonas spp. and acinetobacter spp.rapid detection of metallo-beta-lactamase (mbl)-producing gram-negative bacilli is necessary to prevent their dissemination. the method using a disk with imipenem plus 750 micro g of edta differentiated all mbl-producing pseudomonads, and the sensitivity and specificity for acinetobacters were 95.7 and 91.0%, respectively. the imipenem-edta disks were stable for 12 and 16 weeks at 4 and -20 degrees c, respectively.200212354884
antibiotic resistance as an indicator of bacterial chlorhexidine susceptibility.the antibiotic and chlorhexidine (chx) susceptibility of 70 distinct clinical isolates: escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumannii, staphylococcus aureus (not mrsa), streptococcus pyogenes and enterococcus faecalis (10 of each) were tested using minimal bactericidal (mbc) and/or minimal inhibitory (mic) concentrations. non-fermentative bacteria tolerated chx at high concentrations; gram-positive cocci, especially s. pyogenes, were the most susceptibl ...200212090797
interactions among strategies associated with bacterial infection: pathogenicity, epidemicity, and antibiotic resistance.infections have been the major cause of disease throughout the history of human populations. with the introduction of antibiotics, it was thought that this problem should disappear. however, bacteria have been able to evolve to become antibiotic resistant. nowadays, a proficient pathogen must be virulent, epidemic, and resistant to antibiotics. analysis of the interplay among these features of bacterial populations is needed to predict the future of infectious diseases. in this regard, we have r ...200212364374
comparative killing rates of gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin against 14 clinical isolates: impact of bacterial strain and antibiotic concentration.the influence of bacterial strain and antibiotic concentration on the time to achieve in vitro bactericidal activity was determined for gatifloxacin and ciprofloxacin using time-kill methodology. killing rates were significantly affected by bacterial strain, antibiotic concentration, and type of fluoroquinolone. the most rapid bactericidal activity was seen against members of the enterobacteriaceae and with fluoroquinolone concentrations of 8-16 x mic. in general, gatifloxacin demonstrated faste ...200212376032
complete nucleotide sequence of klebsiella pneumoniae multiresistance plasmid pjhcmw1.the multiresistance plasmid pjhcmw1, harbored by a clinical klebsiella pneumoniae strain isolated from a neonate with meningitis, was sequenced. a circular sequence of 11,354 bp was generated, of which 7,993 bp make up tn1331, a transposon including the antibiotic resistance genes aac(6')-ib, aada1, bla(oxa-9), and bla(tem-1). the gene aac(6')-ib is included in a gene cassette, and both aada1 and bla(oxa-9) are included in a single-gene cassette that may have arisen as a consequence of a recombi ...200212384346
molecular characterization of integrons in epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of acinetobacter baumannii from italian hospitals reveals a limited diversity of gene cassette arrays.integron carriage by 36 epidemiologically unrelated acinetobacter baumannii isolates collected over an 11-year period from patients in six different italian hospitals was investigated. sixteen type 1 integron-positive isolates (44%) were found, 13 of which carried the same array of cassettes, i.e., aacc1, orfx, orfx', and aada1a. as ribotype analysis of the isolates demonstrated a notable genetic diversity, horizontal transfer of the entire integron structure or ancient acquisition was hypothesi ...200212384388
molecular characterization of bla(imp-5), a new integron-borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from an acinetobacter baumannii nosocomial isolate in portugal.acinetobacter baumannii 65ffc, an imipenem-resistant clinical strain, isolated from the urine of a patient at the coimbra university hospital, portugal, in 1998, produced a metallo-beta-lactamase with a calculated pi 9.3. the isolate was highly resistant to penicillins, broad-spectrum cephalosporins, including ceftazidime, ceftriaxone, cefepime, cefpirome, and to aztreonam, but it remained susceptible to ampicillin/sulbactam, aminoglycosides and quinolones. nucleotide sequence revealed a new all ...200212393197
diffusion of beta-lactam antibiotics through oligomeric or monomeric porin channels of some gram-negative bacteria.the penetration of anionic beta-lactam antibiotics through porins was evaluated as a mechanism of drug resistance. the major proteins with porin activity were purified from the outer membranes of six bacteria. three of the six porins were oligomeric porins. the molecular weights of their monomers were 37 kda from photobacterium damsela, 42 kda from serratia liquefaciens, and 36 kda from e. coli b. the other three porins were heat-modifiable monomeric porins with molecular weights of 43 kda from ...200212402087
underlying characteristics of patients harboring highly resistant acinetobacter baumannii.highly resistant (hr) acinetobacter baumannii (ab) are frequently hospital-acquired and may be important causes of severe nosocomial infections.200212410214
an outbreak acinetobacter baumannii that mimics mrsa in its environmental longevity. 200212419276
in vitro investigation of the susceptibility of acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from clinical specimens to ampicillin/sulbactam alone and in combination with amikacin.the sensitivity of 52 strains of acinetobacter baumannii was determined to 13 antimicrobial drugs. all strains tested were multiresistant. compared with mics of amikacin and ampicillin/sulbactam alone, there was a significant decrease in mics for both drugs when the combination was used. the results of the in vitro study of this combination showed a synergistic or partial synergistic effect in 98% of the strains.200212431877
[surveillance for antimicrobial resistance: vira study].resistance to antimicrobial drugs has increased in recent years. the aim of this multicenter study was to determine the current situation in spain regarding the resistance patterns of the most common infectious agents to antimicrobial drugs.200212433352
novel variant (bla(vim-4)) of the metallo-beta-lactamase gene bla(vim-1) in a clinical strain of pseudomonas aeruginosa.a pseudomonas aeruginosa isolate highly resistant to carbapenems was collected from a patient with postsurgical cerebrospinal infection in greece. the isolate carried a class 1 integron that contained as a sole cassette the gene bla(vim-4), a novel variant of bla(vim-1), with one nucleotide difference resulting in a ser-to-arg change at amino acid position 175 of the vim-1 enzyme. this is the first detection of a vim-1 variant after its appearance in italy.200212435718
inducible ampc beta-lactamase of a new member enterobacteriaceae.extensive biochemical testing and 16s rrna and rpob sequence analysis revealed that clinical strain cf01ent1, initially identified as buttiauxella agrestis by the use of api 32 biochemical strips, is a new organism in the enterobacteriaceae family. it produced an inducible ampc-type beta-lactamase whose sequence shares 69 to 72% identity with those of the other ampc-type beta-lactamases of enterobacteriaceae: this enzyme exhibits an atypical high affinity for all beta-lactams tested.200212234870
nosocomial bacteremia due to acinetobacter baumannii: epidemiology, clinical features and treatment.acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of nosocomial infections in many hospitals. it is difficult to control and infection caused is difficult to treat due to its high resistance in the environment and its ability to develop resistance to antimicrobials. bacteremia, followed by respiratory tract and surgical wound infections, is the most significant infection caused by a. baumannii. the known risk factors for a. baumannii bacteremia are invasive procedures and the use of broad-spectrum a ...200212445005
sensitivity and rapidity of blood culture bottles in the detection of cornea organ culture media contamination by bacteria and fungi.to test the bactericidal activity of standard organ culture medium, and to compare the sensitivity and rapidity of blood culture bottles with conventional microbiological methods for detection of bacteria and fungi inoculated in a standard cornea organ culture medium.200212446379
genetic and phenotypic analysis of acinetobacter baumannii insertion derivatives generated with a transposome system.acinetobacter baumannii is a metabolically versatile pathogen that causes severe infections in compromised patients. however, little is known about the genes and factors involved in its basic physiology and virulence properties. insertion mutagenesis was used to initiate the identification and characterization of some of these factors and genes in the prototype strain 19606. the utilization of the plofkm suicide delivery vector, which harbors a suicide mini-tn10 derivative, proved to be unsucces ...200212450860
comparison of a repetitive extragenic palindromic sequence-based pcr method and clinical and microbiological methods for determining strain sources in cases of nosocomial acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia.using a repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr (rep-pcr), we genotypically characterized strains causing nosocomial acinetobacter baumannii infections and analyzed the source of bacteremia in 67 patients from an institution in which infections by this bacterium were endemic. six different genotypes were found, including 21, 27, 3, 9, 3, and 4 strains. the probable source of bacteremia, according to clinical and/or microbiological criteria, was known in 42 patients (63%): respiratory tract (n = 19 ...200212454154
endemic carbapenem resistance associated with oxa-40 carbapenemase among acinetobacter baumannii isolates from a hospital in northern spain.eighty-two carbapenem-resistant isolates of acinetobacter baumannii from a single hospital in bilbao were typed into two major clusters and several subclusters. disk synergy tests and pcr indicated the production of a zinc-independent oxa-class carbapenemase. sequencing identified this enzyme, oxa-40, as a variant of the oxa-24-oxa-25-oxa-26 cluster.200212454183
loss of a 29-kilodalton outer membrane protein in acinetobacter baumannii is associated with imipenem resistance.we analyzed the possible causes of imipenem (ipm) resistance in multidrug-resistant isolates of acinetobacter baumannii. comparison of the outer membrane protein (omp) profiles of two genomically related strains (ab288 [ipm sensitive] and ab242 [ipm resistant]) indicated the conspicuous loss of a 29-kda polypeptide in the ab242 strain. no carbapenemase activity was detected in any of these strains. the treatment of ab288 with sodium salicylate resulted in ipm resistance and the loss of the 29-kd ...200212454194
distribution of beta-lactamases in acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates and the effect of syn 2190 (ampc inhibitor) on the mics of different beta-lactam antibiotics.the distribution of beta-lactamases in a group of 20 epidemiologically well defined acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates and the in vitro activity of syn 2190, a novel beta-lactamase ampc inhibitor, were determined. twenty-five per cent of the strains carried and expressed a tem-type beta-lactamase, whereas 35% had an oxa-type beta-lactamase. in nine out of 11 (82%) ceftazidime-resistant and four out of 13 (30.7%) cefepime-resistant strains, the mic of these beta-lactam antibiotics decrease ...200212161409
an unwanted import to the uk: a carbapenem-resistant clinical isolate of acinetobacter baumannii producing metallo-beta-lactamase. 200212461042
evaluation of dedicated stethoscopes as a potential source of nosocomial pathogens.to determine whether the ear tips of dedicated stethoscopes (ds) that are used on patients prescribed contact precautions for methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa), vancomycin-resistant enterococcus faecium, or multiple antibiotic-resistant acinetobacter baumannii become contaminated with these micro-organisms.200212461514
environmental contamination during a carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in an intensive care unit.during a three-month period in 1999, 25 strains of carbapenem resistant acinetobacter baumannii were isolated from 12 of 170 hospitalized intensive care unit (icu) patients, of which 16 were considered to be clinically significant. these strains were indistinguishable by biotyping and antibiograms, but genotyping was not performed. appropriate antibiotic treatment, isolation precautions, and infection control education of the staff failed to halt the outbreak. environmental contamination was the ...200212473469
nosocomial infections among hiv-positive and hiv-negative patients in a brazilian infectious diseases unit.some researchers observed that hiv-infected patients have a higher risk of acquiring nosocomial infections (ni). this study compared the incidence of ni among hiv-positive and hiv-negative inpatients.200212360143
neonatal sepsis: high antibiotic resistance of the bacterial pathogens in a neonatal intensive care unit in karachi.to study the bacterial pathogens causing neonatal sepsis and their sensitivity pattern so that guidelines can be prepared for empirical antibiotic therapy.200212481673
a polyphosphate kinase (ppk2) widely conserved in bacteria.synthesis of inorganic polyphosphate (poly p) from the terminal phosphate of atp is catalyzed reversibly by poly p kinase (ppk, now designated ppk1) initially isolated from escherichia coli. ppk1 is highly conserved in many bacteria, including some of the major pathogens such as pseudomonas aeruginosa. in a null mutant of p. aeruginosa lacking ppk1, we have discovered a previously uncharacterized ppk activity (designated ppk2) distinguished from ppk1 by the following: synthesis of poly p from gt ...200212486232
prevalence and antimicrobial patterns of acinetobacter baumannii on hands and nares of hospital personnel and patients: the iceberg phenomenon again.to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of acinetobacter baumannii on the hands and nares of health care workers and patients from intensive care and rehabilitation units at two hospitals in northern manhattan, new york.200212487017
regulation of bacterial drug export systems.the active transport of toxic compounds by membrane-bound efflux proteins is becoming an increasingly frequent mechanism by which cells exhibit resistance to therapeutic drugs. this review examines the regulation of bacterial drug efflux systems, which occurs primarily at the level of transcription. investigations into these regulatory networks have yielded a substantial volume of information that has either not been forthcoming from or complements that obtained by analysis of the transport prot ...200212456787
necrotizing gangrene of the genitalia and perineum.necrotizing gangrene of the genitalia and perineum is a fulminant, life-threatening condition. this infection is usually polymicrobial and may be idiopathic or secondary to local trauma or surgery. histologically, it is characterized by obliterative endarteritis and thrombosis of the subcutaneous vessels, fascial necrosis, and leukocytic infiltration. mortality rates of 25-75% have been reported. most cases of necrotizing gangrene begin insidiously, with scrotal discomfort and malaise. later, er ...200212492967
mutations in gyra and parc associated with resistance to fluoroquinolones in epidemiologically defined clinical strains of acinetobacter baumannii. 200312493807
successful control of an acinetobacter baumannii outbreak in a neonatal intensive care unit.we describe an outbreak of acinetobacter baumannii in a neonatal intensive care unit (nicu), and our investigation to determine the source and mode of transmission and identify the population at risk. a case (infected infant) was defined as a patient hospitalized in the nicu during the outbreak period, with clinical signs of sepsis and isolation of a. baumannii. in colonized infants, a. baumannii was isolated from body surfaces without signs of infection. infected infants were separated and trea ...200312495683
use of random amplified polymorphic dna to assess repeated isolates of acinetobacter baumannii. 200312495689
Displaying items 701 - 800 of 9051