| characterization of biosynthetic enzymes for ectoine as a compatible solute in a moderately halophilic eubacterium, halomonas elongata. | 1,4,5,6-tetrahydro-2-methyl-4-pyrimidinecarboxylic acid (ectoine) is an excellent osmoprotectant. the biosynthetic pathway of ectoine from aspartic beta-semialdehyde (asa), in halomonas elongata, was elucidated by purification and characterization of each enzyme involved. 2,4-diaminobutyrate (daba) aminotransferase catalyzed reversively the first step of the pathway, conversion of asa to daba by transamination with l-glutamate. this enzyme required pyridoxal 5'-phosphate and potassium ions for i ... | 1999 | 9864317 |
| [uncommon intra-orbital foreign body. apropos of a case]. | we report an unusual case of an acute iatrogenic unilateral exophthalmos in a woman affected by acinetobacter baumanii septicemia. the possible hypothesis of the exophthalmos is discussed. | 1997 | 9499981 |
| acinetobacter baumannii colonization in ventilated preterm infants. | the role of acinetobacter baumannii in infections in ventilated preterm infants was evaluated in 15 colonized infants (11 male, 4 female) in a pediatric intensive care unit. these cases were randomly matched by birth weight and gestational age with ventilated non-colonized controls (8 male, 7 female). case records were reviewed for signs and symptoms of infection. colonized infants were ventilated significantly longer (p < 0.05) than controls, and had body temperatures of > 37 degrees c for a si ... | 1998 | 9512180 |
| adherence of acinetobacter baumannii to rat bladder tissue. | acinetobacter baumannii, an important nosocomial pathogen, causes severe infections in patients of intensive care units, but its pathogenic attributes are unknown. previously, the adherence of a. baumannii to cell lines has been negative in the authors' laboratory. in this work, the adherence of strains of a. baumannii of various biotypes to small pieces of rat bladder tissue was investigated. tissue pieces were submerged into cultures of a. baumannii and sessile cells were counted after removin ... | 1998 | 9881463 |
| exceptional desiccation tolerance of acinetobacter radioresistens. | the taxonomy of the genus acinetobacter, which includes several important nosocomial pathogens, has been confused due to a lack of discriminatory phenotypic characteristics for identification. molecular methods such as amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra) now enable the accurate identification of species. ten clinical isolates of acinetobacter radioresistens had genospecies confirmed by ardra but the apj 20ne system, commonly used in clinical microbiology laboratories, mis-identi ... | 1998 | 9699144 |
| characterization of the acinetobacter baumannii fur regulator: cloning and sequencing of the fur homolog gene. | growth kinetics, siderophore activity and iron-regulated bacterial proteins of acinetobacter baumannii bm2580 were studied in iron-restricted and iron-supplemented chemically defined media. iron-regulated outer membrane proteins of 75 kda and 80 kda were expressed under iron-restricted conditions. cloning and sequencing of the complete iron-uptake regulatory (fur) gene from a. baumannii bm2580 is reported for the first time. this gene is preceded by a single autoregulated promoter whose -10 regi ... | 1999 | 9919669 |
| comparison of amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis, random amplified polymorphic dna analysis, and amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting for identification of acinetobacter genomic species and typing of acinetobacter baumannii. | thirty-one strains of acinetobacter species, including type strains of the 18 genomic species and 13 clinical isolates, were compared by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis (ardra), random amplified polymorphic dna analysis (rapd), and amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprinting. ardra, performed with five different enzymes, showed low discriminatory power for differentiating acinetobacter at the species and strain level. the standardized commercially available rapd kit ... | 1998 | 9705386 |
| resistance mechanisms in pseudomonas aeruginosa and other nonfermentative gram-negative bacteria. | nonfermentative gram-negative bacilli are still a major concern in compromised individuals. by far the most important of these organisms is pseudomonas aeruginosa, although acinetobacter baumannii (previously acinetobacter calcoaceticus), stenotrophomonas maltophilia (previously pseudomonas and xanthomonas maltophilia), and burkholderia cepacia (previously pseudomonas cepacia) are also of substantative concern because of their similar high intrinsic resistances to antibiotics. the basis for the ... | 1998 | 9710677 |
| persistence of a multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clone in an intensive care burn unit. | long-term colonization of various body sites with a multidrug-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clone (resistant to piperacillin, cefoperazone, ceftazidime, aztreonam, imipenem, cefepime, cefpirome, ofloxacin, ciprofloxacin, minocycline, and aminoglycosides) with subsequent severe infections in burn patients has not been reported previously. thirty-nine isolates of multidrug-resistant p. aeruginosa (resistant to ceftazidime and at least three of the agents listed above) recovered from various cli ... | 1998 | 9574703 |
| outbreak of nosocomial acinetobacter baumannii bacteremia in a high risk ward. | acinetobacter baumannii is emerging as a major cause of nosocomial infections particularly in high risk patients. being resistant to adverse environmental conditions, it can stay for prolonged periods in the hospital environment. we report an outbreak in the medical oncology ward where nine patients suspected of bacteraemia were blood culture positive for a. baumannii from the two samples each, one collected through the i.v. cannula and another through the peripheral veneous puncture. the bacter ... | 1998 | 9951691 |
| eradication of acinetobacter baumannii by photosensitized agents in vitro. | the photodynamic effects of photosensitizers on acinetobacter baumannii were studied. these gram negative bacteria have recently been implicated in various infections, mainly acquired in hospitals. they have outstanding characteristics of multidrug high resistance to antimicrobial agents. the best photodynamic effect was obtained when a. baumannii cultures were treated with light activated deuteroporphyrin (dp) at a concentration of 34 mumoles l-off and polymyxin nonapeptide (pmnp) at a concentr ... | 1998 | 9595710 |
| spread of amikacin resistance in acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated in spain due to an epidemic strain. | sixteen amikacin-resistant clinical acinetobacter baumannii isolates from nine different hospitals in spain were investigated to determine whether the high incidence of amikacin-resistant a. baumannii was due to the dissemination of an amikacin-resistant strain or to the spread of an amikacin resistance gene. the epidemiological relationship studied by repetitive extragenic palindromic pcr and low-frequency restriction analysis of chromosomal dna showed that the same clone was isolated in eight ... | 1999 | 9986846 |
| in vitro effect of imipenem on acinetobacter baumannii. | imipenem at suprainhibitory concentrations (2x, 4x or 8x mic) induced postantibiotic effects (paes) (suppression of bacterial growth after a short time exposure of bacteria to antimicrobials) against two of three acinetobacter baumannii strains. the highest concentration tested demonstrated the longest delay of bacterial regrowth (1.7 h (strain 5570) or 3.9 h (strain 6070)). all. a. baumannii strains showed changes in surface hydrophobicity and serum sensitivity after treatment with imipenem. th ... | 1999 | 9987801 |
| effect of desiccation on the ultrastructural appearances of acinetobacter baumannii and acinetobacter lwoffii. | an acinetobacter baumannii isolate survived desiccation beyond 30 days and an acinetobacter lwoffii isolate up to 21 days. for both species, desiccation resulted in a significant increase in the proportion of round cells (a baumannii, 40% to 80%; a lwoffii, 51% to 63%) and a significant decrease in rod shaped cells (a baumannii, 58% to 13%; a lwoffii, 46% to 34%). electronmicroscopic examination showed that there was also a corresponding significant increase in the cell wall thickness (a baumann ... | 1998 | 10023344 |
| acinetobacter bacteremia in hong kong: prospective study and review. | the epidemiological characteristics of 18 patients with acinetobacter bacteremia were analyzed. patients (mean age, 55.5 years) developed bacteremia after an average of 14.1 days of hospitalization. fifteen of 16 patients survived bacteremia caused by acinetobacter baumannii. cultures of blood from the remaining two patients yielded acinetobacter lwoffii. most patients (78%) resided in the general ward, while four patients (22%) were under intensive care. genotyping by arbitrarily primed polymer ... | 1999 | 10028065 |
| clinical problems posed by multiresistant nonfermenting gram-negative pathogens. | in this review i will briefly survey the role of pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumanii, stenotrophomonas maltophilia, and burkholderia cepacia as opportunistic pathogens. a common feature of these organisms is intrinsic resistance to multiple antibiotics. all of these organisms can be recovered from the environment, commonly cause device-related infections, are often resistant to disinfectants, and have the potential to spread from patient to patient via fomites or the hands of medical ... | 1998 | 9710680 |
| pharmacokinetic profiles of high-dose intravenous ciprofloxacin in severe sepsis. the baragwanath ciprofloxacin study group. | the pharmacokinetics of 400 mg of ciprofloxacin given intravenously (i.v.) every 8 h (q8h) in severely septic adults was documented in a multidisciplinary, tertiary referral intensive care unit (icu). sixteen evaluable patients (three pharmacokinetic profiles) without renal dysfunction and with severe sepsis were studied. ciprofloxacin at a dosage of 400 mg given i.v. q8h was administered over 1 h. plasma samples for assay (high-pressure liquid chromatography) were taken at timed intervals (prei ... | 1998 | 9736541 |
| [adherence of acinetobacter baumannii to rat tracheal tissue]. | acinetobacter baumannii is an important nosocomial pathogen whose virulence factors have not been fully elucidated. | 1998 | 10030089 |
| natural competence for dna transformation by legionella pneumophila and its association with expression of type iv pili. | we have recently described the expression of two pili of different lengths on the surface of legionella pneumophila (b. j. stone and y. abu kwaik, infect. immun. 66:1768-1775, 1998). production of long pili requires a functional pilel locus, encoding a type iv pilin protein. since type iv pili in neisseria gonorrhoeae are associated with competence for dna transformation, we examined the competence of l. pneumophila for dna transformation under conditions that allowed the expression of type iv p ... | 1999 | 10049368 |
| efficacy of sulbactam alone and in combination with ampicillin in nosocomial infections caused by multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii. | from march 1995 to march 1997, sulbactam was prospectively evaluated in patients with non-life-threatening multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii infections. during this period, 47 patients were treated with sulbactam; of them, five were excluded because they had received < or =48 h of sulbactam therapy. a total of 42 patients, 27 males and 15 females with a mean age of 60+/-15 years, were finally evaluated. infections were as follows: surgical wound, 19; tracheobronchitis, 12; urinary tract, 7; ... | 1998 | 10052904 |
| evaluation of accuracy and repeatability of identification of food-borne pathogens by automated bacterial identification systems. | the performances of five automated microbial identification systems, relative to that of a reference identification system, for their ability to accurately and repeatedly identify six common food-borne pathogens were assessed. the systems assessed were the microlog system (biolog inc., hayward, calif.), the microbial identification system (mis; midi inc., newark, del.), the vitek system (biomérieux vitek, hazelwood, mo.), the microscan walkaway 40 system (dade-microscan international, west sacra ... | 1999 | 10074506 |
| korean nationwide surveillance of antimicrobial resistance of bacteria in 1997. | antimicrobial-resistant bacteria are known to be prevalent in tertiary-care hospitals in korea. twenty hospitals participated to this surveillance to determine the nationwide prevalence of resistance bacteria in 1997. seven per cent and 26% of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were resistant to 3rd-generation cephalosporin. increased resistance rates, 19% of acinetobacter baumannii to ampicillin/sulbactam, and 17% of pseudomonas aeruginoa to imipenem, were noted. the resistance rate to ... | 1998 | 10097685 |
| in vitro antibacterial properties of pexiganan, an analog of magainin. | pexiganan, a 22-amino-acid antimicrobial peptide, is an analog of the magainin peptides isolated from the skin of the african clawed frog. pexiganan exhibited in vitro broad-spectrum antibacterial activity when it was tested against 3,109 clinical isolates of gram-positive and gram-negative, anaerobic and aerobic bacteria. the pexiganan mic at which 90% of isolates are inhibited (mic90) was 32 micrograms/ml or less for staphylococcus spp., streptococcus spp., enterococcus faecium, corynebacteriu ... | 1999 | 10103181 |
| phenotypic expression of pcr-generated random mutations in a pseudomonas putida gene after its introduction into an acinetobacter chromosome by natural transformation. | localized sets of random point mutations generated by pcr amplification can be transferred efficiently to the chromosome of acinetobacter adp1 (also known as strain bd413) by natural transformation. the technique does not require cloning of pcr fragments in plasmids: pcr-amplified dna fragments are internalized by cells and directly incorporated into their genomes by homologous recombination. previously such procedures for random mutagenesis could be applied only to acinetobacter genes affording ... | 1999 | 10103267 |
| pseudomeningitis caused by acinetobacter baumannii. | | 1999 | 10196514 |
| comparison of different dna fingerprinting techniques for molecular typing of bartonella henselae isolates. | seventeen isolates of bartonella henselae from the region of freiburg, germany, obtained from blood cultures of domestic cats, were examined for their genetic heterogeneity. on the basis of different dna fingerprinting methods, including pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus (eric)-pcr, repetitive extragenic palindromic (rep) pcr, and arbitrarily primed (ap)-pcr, three different variants were identified among the isolates (variants i to iii). va ... | 1998 | 9738053 |
| influence of iron on growth and extracellular products of acinetobacter baumannii. | iron is an important nutrient required by bacteria for optimal growth. acquisition of iron from the host where iron is restricted is an important mediator of bacterial pathogenesis. in iron deplete chemically defined medium (cdm-fe) growth of acinetobacter baumannii was restricted as compared to iron replete medium (cdm + fe). bacteria developed four high molecular weight outer membrane proteins (omps) of 88, 84, 80 and 77 kda in cdm-fe medium which were absent in cdm + fe medium, and are known ... | 1998 | 10211429 |
| ventilator-related acinetobacter outbreak in an intensive care unit. | an outbreak of 16 cases of ciprofloxacin-resistant acinetobacter baumannii (calcoaceticus subspecies anitratus) infections occurred during a 7-month period in a medical intensive care unit. fifteen of the patients developed pneumonia associated with ventilator support. possible sources considered in the outbreak investigation were sinks, ice, personnel, patients on multiple antibiotic therapy, reusable ventilator circuits, and hemodialysis. the equipment and environment associated with the outbr ... | 1998 | 9640035 |
| survival of acinetobacter baumannii on dry surfaces: comparison of outbreak and sporadic isolates. | acinetobacter spp. are important nosocomial pathogens reported with increasing frequency in outbreaks of cross-infection during the past 2 decades. the majority of such outbreaks are caused by acinetobacter baumannii. to investigate whether desiccation tolerance may be involved in the ability of certain strains of a. baumannii to cause hospital outbreaks, a blind study was carried out with 39 epidemiologically well-characterized clinical isolates of a. baumannii for which survival times were det ... | 1998 | 9650940 |
| some immunological properties of lipopolysaccharide from acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii, mainly biotype 9, is an important nosocomial opportunist pathogen in chile and other countries. the biological basis of its virulence and prevalence is still unknown. as lipopolysaccharide (lps) is often associated with virulence, some biological properties of purified lps from seven nosocomial isolates, comprising four isolates of a. baumannii biotype 9, two isolates of biotype 8 and one isolate of biotype 1, were investigated. lps was extracted and purified from each i ... | 1999 | 10229545 |
| comparison of the fuel oil biodegradation potential of hydrocarbon-assimilating microorganisms isolated from a temperate agricultural soil. | strains of hydrocarbon-degrading microorganisms (bacteria and fungi) were isolated from an agricultural soil in france. in a field, a portion was treated with oily cuttings resulting from the drilling of an onshore well. the cuttings which were spread at the rate of 600 g hc m-2 contained 10% of fuel oil hydrocarbons (hc). another part of the field was left untreated. three months after hc spreading, hc adapted bacteria and fungi were isolated at different soil depths in the two plots and identi ... | 1999 | 10231986 |
| [bacteria isolated from protected bronchopulmonary samples: variation as a function of the previous length of stay in the recovery room]. | we retrospectively reviewed the variation of the organisms recovered from 403 protected bronchopulmonary specimens in three surgical intensive care units according to the time elapsed from admission. the predominant pathogens during the four first days were haemophilus influenzae (33.3%), staphylococcus aureus (18.2%), mostly methicillin susceptible strains, and streptococcus pneumoniae (14.3%). after the fourth day, they were progressively replaced by typical nosocomial bacteria such as methici ... | 1998 | 9769865 |
| controlled clinical comparison of biomérieux vital and bactec nr-660 blood culture systems for detection of bacteremia and fungemia in adults. | a total of 9,446 blood cultures were collected from adult patients at three university-affiliated hospitals. of these, 8,943 cultures were received with both aerobic bottles filled adequately; 885 yielded 1,016 microorganisms, including 622 isolates (61%) that were the cause of sepsis, 337 isolates (33%) that were contaminants, and 57 isolates (6%) that were indeterminate as the cause of sepsis. with the exception of staphylococcus aureus, which was recovered more often from vital aerobic bottle ... | 1999 | 10325312 |
| amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis versus macro-restriction fragment analysis for molecular typing of streptococcus pneumoniae isolates. | forty-eight pneumococci were genotyped by on-line laser fluorescence amplified-fragment length polymorphism (aflp) and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) analysis of chromosomal restriction fragments. overall, the data generated by the two methods corresponded well. however, with aflp, clusters were delineated at a higher similarity level, and isolate differentiation was more pronounced. aflp and pfge were equally efficient for assessing intraserotype diversity. we conclude that aflp is a u ... | 1999 | 10325379 |
| emergence of carbapenem-hydrolyzing enzymes in acinetobacter baumannii clinical isolates. | | 1999 | 10325396 |
| acinetobacter baumannii infections in the icu: customization is the key. | | 1999 | 10334129 |
| risk factors for an outbreak of multi-drug-resistant acinetobacter nosocomial pneumonia among intubated patients. | acinetobacter baumanii is a gram-negative coccobacillus that is normally a commensal pathogen but can be a nosocomial pathogen. an epidemiologic study was performed to investigate an outbreak of a baumanii that occurred in our medical intensive care unit (micu) from march to september 1995. | 1999 | 10334156 |
| cloning and characterization of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (kdo) transferase genes (kdta) from acinetobacter baumannii and acinetobacter haemolyticus. | 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulosonic acid (kdo) transferases (kdta) are multifunctional glycosyltransferases with primary structures of low similarity. totally degenerated primers were deduced from two stretches of identical amino acids between known kdta sequences and used to amplify by pcr a kdta-specific fragment from acinetobacter baumannii atcc 15308 dna which was then applied as a probe for the cloning and sequencing of the complete kdo transferase gene. with conserved pcr primers for this struc ... | 1998 | 9660198 |
| surveillance of an adult intensive care unit for long-term persistence of a multi-resistant strain of acinetobacter baumannii. | sporadic infections with acinetobacter spp., punctuated with prolonged outbreaks of infection involving larger numbers of patients and a particular epidemic strain of acinetobacter baumannii, have occurred in the adult intensive care unit (icu) of nottingham university hospital since 1985. the aim of this study was to screen patients admitted to the icu for three or more days during a non-outbreak period in 1994-1995 and to use dna fingerprinting techniques to compare any isolates of acinetobact ... | 1998 | 9665298 |
| helicobacter pylori-associated gastritis in mice is host and strain specific. | the vaca and caga geno- and phenotypes of two mouse-adapted strains of helicobacter pylori, ss1 and spm326, were determined. the ss1 strain, which had the caga+ and vaca s2-m2 genotype, induced neither vacuole formation in hela cells nor interleukin-8 (il-8) production in kato iii cells. in contrast, h. pylori spm326, with the caga+ and vaca s1b-m1 genotype, induced vacuoles as well as il-8 production in vitro. furthermore, a spontaneous mutant of spm326, which produced a vacuolating cytotoxin b ... | 1999 | 10338517 |
| [epidemic caused by a multiresistant acinetobacter baumanii infection; mrsa incognito]. | | 1999 | 10347649 |
| structure of the o-7 antigen from acinetobacter baumannii. | the polymeric o-antigen was isolated from the lipopolysaccharide of the reference of the reference strain for acinetobacter baumannii serogroup o-7. both the lipopolysaccharide and the isolated polymer reacted with the homologous antiserum. monosaccharide analyses and nmr spectra showed that the polymer had a hexasaccharide repeating unit constructed from residues of l-rhamnose (4) and n-acetyl-d-glucosamine (2). the following structure for the repeating unit was established by means of detailed ... | 1998 | 9691449 |
| genetic analysis of a chromosomal region containing vana and vanb, genes required for conversion of either ferulate or vanillate to protocatechuate in acinetobacter. | vana and vanb form an oxygenative demethylase that converts vanillate to protocatechuate in microorganisms. ferulate, an abundant phytochemical, had been shown to be metabolized through a vanillate intermediate in several pseudomonas isolates, and biochemical evidence had indicated that vanillate also is an intermediate in ferulate catabolism by acinetobacter. genetic evidence supporting this conclusion was obtained by characterization of mutant acinetobacter strains blocked in catabolism of bot ... | 1999 | 10348863 |
| the physiological contribution of acinetobacter pcak, a transport system that acts upon protocatechuate, can be masked by the overlapping specificity of vank. | vank is the fourth member of the ubiquitous major facilitator superfamily of transport proteins to be identified that, together with pcak, benk, and muck, contributes to aromatic catabolism in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1. vank and pcak have overlapping specificity for p-hydroxybenzoate and, most clearly, for protocatechuate: inactivation of both proteins severely impairs growth with protocatechuate, and the activity of either protein alone can mask the phenotype associated with inactivation of ... | 1999 | 10348864 |
| [sensitivity to blood bactericidal activity and hydrophobicity of acinetobacter baumannii after treatment with imipenem]. | sensitivity to the serum bactericidal activity and surface hydrophobicity of acinetobacter baumannii strains isolated from the urinary (ut) or respiratory tract (rt) of patients after exposure to imipenem at subinhibitory concentrations (sub-mics) (1/4, 1/8 or 1/16 of their mics) were tested. the antibiotic at the mentioned concentrations decreased significantly the sensitivity of strain ut to the bactericidal activity of human serum. sensitivity to the bactericidal activity of serum of strain r ... | 1999 | 10349782 |
| [an acinetobacter baumanii outbreak at the versailles hospital center]. | a. baumannii is a multiresistant bacteria which is recognised as responsible for nosocomial infections and hospital outbreaks. the control of these outbreaks depends on the strain's typing and on the fight's policy against nosocomial infections. an outbreak of a. baumannii is occurred to patients who were hospitalized in centre hospitalier de versailles. to investigate this outbreak, we have determined the biotype (bouvet's method), the succeptibility pattern (disk diffusion and agar dilution re ... | 1998 | 9769866 |
| unusual genetic heterogeneity of acinetobacter baumannii isolates in a university hospital in italy. | acinetobacter baumannii has become an increasingly important nosocomial pathogen, particularly in intensive care units (icus). the aim of this investigation was to study the molecular epidemiology of a baumanii in a university hospital in italy. | 1999 | 10358227 |
| survival of acinetobacter baumannii on bed rails during an outbreak and during sporadic cases. | genotypic methods showed acinetobacter baumannii biotype 9 genotype i to be the epidemic strain on an outbreak in an intensive care unit (icu) which lasted from january to april of 1996. a cohort was established during march in which hospital personnel were assigned exclusively to a. baumannii infected or colonized patients. new patients were not admitted to the icu until the last infected patient was discharged. however, strain i was isolated during april and vectors other than human carriage w ... | 1999 | 10363208 |
| [bacteria of the acinetobacter genus]. | bacteria of the acinetobacter genus received little attention for many years because of their weak pathogenic potential and changing taxonomy. since the introduction starting in the 1980s of an ever increasing number of antimicrobials, these organisms have demonstrated their ability to adapt. they are causing an increasing number of nosocomial infections, most notably in intensive care units. the selection pressure exerted by antimicrobials and the use of increasingly invasive diagnostic and the ... | 1998 | 9769904 |
| resistance to third-generation cephalosporins in adult gram-negative bacillary meningitis. | ninety-three patients with gram-negative bacillary meningitis (gnbm) were identified at kaohsiung chang gung memorial hospital, over a period of 12 years. among them, eight showed resistance to third-generation cephalosporins, accounting for 9% of the total gnbm cases and 29% of the postneurosurgical gnbm cases. the resistant pathogens included acinetobacter baumannii, klebsiella pneumoniae, citrobacter freundii and morganella morganii. these eight patients, six males and two females aged 18-61 ... | 1999 | 10378134 |
| biochemical characteristics of a carbapenemase from an acinetobacter baumannii isolate collected in buenos aires, argentina. | three carbapenem-resistant acinetobacter baumannii isolates were collected at a hospital in buenos aires, argentina. isoelectric focusing revealed multiple beta-lactamases, with two of the isolates showing identical profiles. a pi 6.9 carbapenemase with a molecular weight of 30 kda was purified from one of these two isolates. the enzyme was predominantly a penicillinase, with its highest vmax for oxacillin but highest vmax/km for benzylpenicillin. first-generation cephalosporins and imipenem wer ... | 1999 | 10381110 |
| extended-spectrum beta-lactamase-producing strain of acinetobacter baumannii isolated from a patient in france. | | 1999 | 10381117 |
| cloning and characterization of blavim, a new integron-borne metallo-beta-lactamase gene from a pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate. | production of a metallo-beta-lactamase activity was detected in a carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa clinical isolate (isolate vr-143/97) from an italian inpatient at the verona university hospital (northern italy). the metallo-beta-lactamase determinant was isolated from a genomic library of vr-143/97, constructed in an escherichia coli plasmid vector, by screening for clones with reduced susceptibility to imipenem. sequencing of the cloned gene revealed that it encoded a new class b b ... | 1999 | 10390207 |
| the ex vivo antimicrobial activity and colonization rate of two antimicrobial-bonded central venous catheters. | catheter-related sepsis is an important complication associated with the use of central venous catheters. recent studies have suggested that antimicrobial-bonded catheters may reduce catheter colonization and catheter-related sepsis. the aim of this study was to determine the relationship between the antimicrobial activity and the colonization rate of two commercially available antimicrobial-bonded central venous catheters. | 1999 | 10397217 |
| the genes ruba and rubb for alkane degradation in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 are in an operon with estb, encoding an esterase, and oxyr. | alkanes are oxidized in acinetobacter sp. strain adp1 by a three-component alkane monooxygenase, composed of alkane hydroxylase, rubredoxin, and rubredoxin reductase. ruba and rubb encode rubredoxin and a nad(p)h-dependent rubredoxin reductase. we demonstrate here that single base pair substitutions in ruba or rubb lead to defects in alkane degradation, showing that both genes are essential for alkane utilization. differences in the degradation capacity for hexadecane and dodecane in these mutan ... | 1999 | 10400587 |
| characterization of a novel branched tetrasaccharide of 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid. the structure of the carbohydrate backbone of the lipopolysaccharide from acinetobacter baumannii strain nctc 10303 (atcc 17904). | for the first time, the tetrasaccharide kdoalpha2-->5kdoalpha2-->5(kdoalpha2-->4)kdo (kdo is 3-deoxy-d-manno-oct-2-ulopyranosonic acid) has been identified in a bacterial lipopolysaccharide (lps), i.e. in the core region of lps from acinetobacter baumannii nctc 10303. the lps was analyzed using compositional analysis, mass spectrometry, and nmr spectroscopy. the disaccharide d-glcpnbeta1-->6d-glcpn, phosphorylated at o-1 and o-4', was identified as the carbohydrate backbone of the lipid a. the k ... | 1998 | 9774431 |
| pharmacodynamic parameters and hydrophobicity changes induced by meropenem in acinetobacter baumannii. | the suppression of bacterial growth of four acinetobacter baumannii strains after 60 min exposure to meropenem at supra-inhibitory concentrations (postantibiotic effect; pae) or at supra-subinhibitory concentrations (postantibiotic-sub-mic effect; pa sme) was studied. the duration of the pae was dependent on antibiotic concentration and on the strain. meropenem at 2x or 4x the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic), with the exception of one strain treated with 4x mic, did not provoke suppressio ... | 1999 | 10413870 |
| antimicrobial activity of merocyanine 540: a photosensitizing dye. | the antimicrobial activity of merocyanine 540 (mc 540), a photosensitizing dye previously used to purge malignant cells from autologous bone marrow grafts, was evaluated against a panel of gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria and candida albicans in the presence and absence of light. in the absence of light, mc 540 demonstrated no antibacterial activity against any of the organisms tested. when combined with increasing intervals of photoillumination, growth inhibition was observed with all g ... | 1998 | 9823532 |
| genomic relatedness of chlamydia isolates determined by amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis. | the genomic relatedness of 19 chlamydia pneumoniae isolates (17 from respiratory origin and 2 from atherosclerotic origin), 21 chlamydia trachomatis isolates (all serovars from the human biovar, an isolate from the mouse biovar, and a porcine isolate), 6 chlamydia psittaci isolates (5 avian isolates and 1 feline isolate), and 1 chlamydia pecorum isolate was studied by analyzing genomic amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) fingerprints. the aflp procedure was adapted from a previously de ... | 1999 | 10419941 |
| six-year prospective study of risk and prognostic factors in patients with nosocomial sepsis caused by acinetobacter baumannii. | in this prospective study, the risk factors associated with nosocomial sepsis caused by acinetobacter baumannii or pseudomonas aeruginosa were compared. prior use of broad-spectrum antibiotics, urinary tract catheter, prior surgery, and mechanical ventilation were significantly associated with nosocomial sepsis caused by acinetobacter baumannii. the mean prognostic factors significantly associated with mortality were known focus of infection, multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii, and inappropr ... | 1999 | 10421044 |
| expression of the pseudomonas aeruginosa gentamicin resistance gene aacc3 in escherichia coli. | the pseudomonas aeruginosa aacc3 gene was expressed in escherichia coli after cloning of the single gene behind the strong tac promoter. in the original pseudomonas strain, aacc3 is preceded by cysc; together they form a single transcription unit. the ribosome-binding site and start codon of aacc3 are involved in a putative intercistronic hairpin, the stability of which interfered with the aminoglycoside resistance level. in northern blots, full-length transcripts comprising both cysc and aacc3 ... | 1998 | 9835511 |
| methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus and acinetobacter baumannii: an unexpected difference in epidemiologic behavior. | the dutch guideline on hospital policy for the prevention of nosocomial spread of methicillin-resistant staphylococcus aureus (mrsa) states that patients transferred from hospitals abroad must be placed in strict isolation immediately on admission to a hospital in the netherlands. three patients colonized with both mrsa and a multiresistant acinetobacter were transferred from hospitals in mediterranean countries to 3 different hospitals in the netherlands. despite isolation precautions, acinetob ... | 1998 | 9836836 |
| environmental sampling of acinetobacter baumannii: moistened swabs versus moistened sterile gauze pads. | | 1999 | 10432154 |
| low-level colonization and infection with ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli in a skilled nursing facility. | we report a 1-year surveillance study that evaluates colonization and infection with ciprofloxacin-resistant gram-negative bacilli (cr gnb) and the relation to quinolone use and other possible risk factors in a proprietary skilled nursing facility (snf) with no history of outbreaks. | 1998 | 9836837 |
| [treatment of pneumonia in hospitalized patients--results of a multicenter study using a fourth-generation cephalosporin (cefepime)]. | to evaluate efficacy and safety of cefepime in severe pneumonia of hospitalized patients. | 1999 | 10436586 |
| antimicrobial activity of essential oils and other plant extracts. | the antimicrobial activity of plant oils and extracts has been recognized for many years. however, few investigations have compared large numbers of oils and extracts using methods that are directly comparable. in the present study, 52 plant oils and extracts were investigated for activity against acinetobacter baumanii, aeromonas veronii biogroup sobria, candida albicans, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia col, klebsiella pneumoniae, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica subsp. enterica s ... | 1999 | 10438227 |
| [non fermentative gram negative bacilli isolated in a hospital laboratory]. | to report a prospective study on non fermentative gramnegative bacilli, excluded pseudomonas aeruginosa, isolated at dr. julio c. perrando hospital in resistencia (argentina). the goal of this study was to know their frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility. | 1999 | 10439535 |
| type ii topoisomerase mutations in ciprofloxacin-resistant strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa. | we determined the sequences of the quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyra, gyrb, and parc genes for 30 clinical strains of pseudomonas aeruginosa resistant to ciprofloxacin that were previously complemented by wild-type gyra and gyrb plasmid-borne alleles and studied for their coresistance to imipenem (e. cambau, e. perani, c. dib, c. petinon, j. trias, and v. jarlier, antimicrob. agents chemother. 39:2248-2252, 1995). in the present study, we found mutations in type ii topoisomerase g ... | 1999 | 9869566 |
| skin carriage of acinetobacters in hong kong. | we studied the carriage of acinetobacter spp. at five superficial sites in 79 patients from two hospitals, in 133 healthy controls from the community (medical students and new nurses), and in 198 student nurses in different classes. a total of 431 isolates from 364 positive sites of 201 subjects and 124 blood culture isolates (1997 to 1998) were genospeciated by amplified ribosomal dna restriction analysis. genospecies 3 was the most common species. the carriage rate of student nurses (42 of 131 ... | 1999 | 10449482 |
| [virulence and its relationship to antibiotic resistance]. | pathogenic islands: certain dna blocks inserted into the chromosome of most gram negative bacteria originated in pathogens found in plants. virulence-antibiotic interactions: during the invasive phase, the bacterial cell covers itself with adhesins which facilitate its adherence to tissues. the bacterial cell produces a fibronectin which protects its defense systems. antibiotics favor bacterial resistance by increasing the expression of surface adhesins and fibronectin production. penicillin res ... | 1998 | 9879334 |
| nosocomial acinetobacter baumannii infections: microbiological and clinical epidemiology. | acinetobacter baumannii is an important opportunistic pathogen that is rapidly evolving toward multidrug resistance and is involved in various nosocomial infections that are often severe. it is difficult to prevent a. baumannii infection because a. baumannii is ubiquitous and the epidemiology of the infections it causes is complex. | 1998 | 9696725 |
| [surface characteristics and antimicrobial sensitivity of clinical strains of acinetobacter spp]. | the treatment of nosocomial infections caused by acinetobacter baumannii has been hindered by the easiness of this species to acquire antimicrobial resistance. | 1998 | 9922511 |
| development of bacterial resistance to the third generation cephalosporins and their clinical use. | development of gram-negative rods resistance to the third generation cephalosporins (cefotaxime, ceftazidime, cefoperazone) in connection with their application at the university hospital in olomouc was evaluated in this study. the highest increase in resistance to cefotaxime was detected in enterobacter cloacae (from 22.9% in 1995 to 49.0% in 1997) and enterobacter agglomerans strains (28.0% - 40.5%). in addition, increased resistance to ceftazidime in acinetobacter baumannii (12.5% - 35.1%), e ... | 1999 | 10465127 |
| purification and characterization of a major 40 kda outer membrane protein of acinetobacter baumannii. | acinetobacter baumannii, an opportunistic pathogen, is well known to cause a wide spectrum of nosocomial infections particularly in intensive care units. the major outer membrane (om) protein, ompab, of 40 kda from a. baumannii has been identified and purified to homogeneity from cultures grown at 30 degrees c and 100 mm nacl. the synthesis of om proteins of a. baumannii is thermoregulated and osmoregulated. the pore forming ability of the purified ompab and the diffusion of uncharged solutes in ... | 1999 | 9928952 |
| in vitro activity of meropenem against common pathogenic bacteria isolated in taiwan. | the in vitro antimicrobial activity of meropenem, in comparison with nine other antimicrobial agents, against 12 different common pathogenic bacteria were evaluated to know the susceptibility of common bacteria to meropenem in taiwan. meropenem was active against most gram-positive, gram-negative, and anaerobic bacteria, including methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus, streptococcus pyogenes, enterococcus faecalis, escherichia coli, klebsiella pneumoniae, enterobacter cloacae, pseudomonas ... | 1998 | 9934544 |
| amplified fragment length polymorphism fingerprinting of pseudomonas strains from a poultry processing plant. | molecular typing has been used previously to identify and trace dissemination of pathogenic and spoilage bacteria associated with food processing. amplified fragment length polymorphism (aflp) is a novel dna fingerprinting technique which is considered highly reproducible and has high discriminatory power. this technique was used to fingerprint 88 pseudomonas fluorescens and pseudomonas putida strains that were previously isolated from plate counts of carcasses at six processing stages and vario ... | 1999 | 10473382 |
| nested duplex pcr to detect bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis and its application in diagnosis of pertussis in nonmetropolitan southeast queensland, australia. | a duplex pcr to detect bordetella pertussis and bordetella parapertussis was developed with the insertion sequences is481 (b. pertussis) and is1001 (b. parapertussis) and evaluated with specimens from 520 consecutive patients presenting with possible pertussis. no culture-positive-pcr-negative results occurred, giving the method a sensitivity of 100%. for b. pertussis, 58 of 520 patients (11.2%) were positive by pcr compared to 17 of 520 patients positive (3.3%) by culture. for b. parapertussis, ... | 1999 | 9986820 |
| risk factors for nosocomial bloodstream infections due to acinetobacter baumannii: a case-control study of adult burn patients. | risk factors for acinetobacter baumannii bloodstream infection (bsi) were studied in patients with severe thermal injury in a burn intensive care unit where a. baumannii was endemic. of 367 patients hospitalized for severe thermal injury during the study period, 29 patients with nosocomial a. baumannii bsi were identified (attack rate, 7.9%). cases were compared with 58 matched controls without a. baumannii bsi. the overall mortality rate was 31% among cases and 14% among controls; only two deat ... | 1999 | 10028073 |
| phylogenetic structures of the genus acinetobacter based on gyrb sequences: comparison with the grouping by dna-dna hybridization. | the phylogenetic relationships of 49 acinetobacter strains, 46 of which have previously been classified into 18 genomic species by dna-dna hybridization studies, were investigated using the nucleotide sequence of gyrb, the structural gene for the dna gyrase b subunit. the phylogenetic tree showed linkages between genomic species 1 (acinetobacter calcoaceticus), 2 (acinetobacter baumannii), 3 and tu13; genomic species 6, bj15, bj16 and bj17; genomic species 5, bj13 (synonym of tu14) and bj14; gen ... | 1999 | 10028249 |
| influences of alternate therapy protocol and continuous infectious disease consultation on antibiotic susceptibility in icu. | in this study, the effects of alternate use of imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam(cfp/sul) on antibiotic resistance in the intensive care unit (icu) were investigated. between 1 april 1993 and 1 april 1994, the infectious diseases consultant saw patients when required and there was no alternative therapy for antibiotics. for the following 2 years, the same consultant followed up each patient from admission to discharge by daily visits to the icu and an alternative therapy protocol was initiated ... | 1999 | 10501761 |
| mortality and the increase in length of stay attributable to the acquisition of acinetobacter in critically ill patients. | to determine the impact of acinetobacter baumannii (ab) acquisition in intensive care unit (icu) patients on mortality and length of stay (los). | 1999 | 10507600 |
| characterization of the chromosomal aac(6')-iz gene of stenotrophomonas maltophilia. | the aac(6')-iz gene of stenotrophomonas maltophilia bm2690 encoding an aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferase was characterized. the gene was identified as a coding sequence of 462 bp corresponding to a protein with a calculated mass of 16,506 da, a value in good agreement with that of ca. 16,000 found by in vitro coupled transcription-translation. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence indicated that the protein was a member of the major subfamily of aminoglycoside 6'-n-acetyltransferases. ... | 1999 | 10508008 |
| reconstruction of an active integron recombination site after integration of a gene cassette at a secondary site. | as the site of insertion of the aadb gene cassette on pray, from a clinical isolate of acinetobacter, is almost identical to the preferred site on integrons, the composite 59-base element (59-be) associated with this cassette is potentially recombinationally active. by using a conduction assay to quantitate site activity, the 59-be was recognized by integrase with high frequency, indicating that the composite site is recombinationally active. | 1999 | 10508040 |
| identification and characterization of come and comf, two novel pilin-like competence factors involved in natural transformation of acinetobacter sp. strain bd413. | although the high level of competence for natural transformation of acinetobacter sp. strain bd413 has been the subject of numerous studies, only two competence genes, comc and comp, have been identified to date. by chromosomal walking analysis we found two overlapping open reading frames, designated come and comf, starting 61 bp downstream of comc. come and comf are expressed as stable proteins in escherichia coli, thus proving that they are indeed coding regions, but expression was successful ... | 1999 | 10508090 |
| predictive fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism analysis of escherichia coli: high-resolution typing method with phylogenetic significance. | the fluorescent amplified-fragment length polymorphism (faflp) assay potentially amplifies a unique set of genome fragments from each bacterial clone. it uses stringently hybridizing primers which carry a fluorescent label. precise fragment sizing is achieved by the inclusion of an internal size standard in every lane. therefore, a unique genotype identifier(s) can be found in the form of fragments of precise size or sizes, and these can be generated reproducibly. in order to evaluate the potent ... | 1999 | 10203470 |
| considerations in evaluation of the applicability of dna fingerprinting techniques for species differentiation. | | 1999 | 10515737 |
| opening the iron box: transcriptional metalloregulation by the fur protein. | | 1999 | 10515908 |
| evaluation of amplicor neisseria gonorrhoeae pcr using cppb nested pcr and 16s rrna pcr. | certain strains of neisseria subflava and neisseria cinerea are known to produce false-positive results with the amplicor neisseria gonorrhoeae pcr (roche diagnostic systems, branchburg, n.j.). the analytical sensitivity and analytical specificity of three pcr tests were assessed with 3 geographically diverse n. gonorrhoeae strains and 30 non-n. gonorrhoeae neisseria spp. the sensitivities of the in-house nested cppb gene and the 16s rrna pcr methods were greater than that of the amplicor n. gon ... | 1999 | 9889224 |
| the global epidemiology of resistance to ciprofloxacin and the changing nature of antibiotic resistance: a 10 year perspective. | many studies have examined the in-vitro activity of ciprofloxacin. the results are for the most part encouraging but we must guard against complacency. levels of ciprofloxacin resistance vary geographically, while some predictably difficult-to-treat organisms such as pseudomonas aeruginosa, staphylococcus aureus and acinetobacter baumannii present challenges globally. the emergence of resistance in species previously exquisitely sensitive to ciprofloxacin, such as neisseria gonorrhoeae, in count ... | 1999 | 10225569 |
| identification of acinetobacter baumannii strains with monoclonal antibodies against the o antigens of their lipopolysaccharides. | despite the emergence of acinetobacter baumannii strains as nosocomial pathogens, simple methods for their phenotypic identification are still unavailable. murine monoclonal antibodies specific for the o-polysaccharide moiety of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of two a. baumannii strains were obtained after immunization with heat-killed bacteria. the monoclonal antibodies were characterized by enzyme immunoassay and by western and dot blot analyses and were investigated for their potential use for ... | 1999 | 10225830 |
| use of a murine o-antigen-specific monoclonal antibody to identify acinetobacter strains of unnamed genomic species 13 sensu tjernberg and ursing. | a monoclonal antibody against the o-antigenic polysaccharide chain of the lipopolysaccharide (lps) of acinetobacter strains belonging to the unnamed genomic species 13 sensu tjernberg and ursing (13tu) was obtained after immunization of balb/c mice with heat-killed bacteria and was characterized by enzyme immunoassay and western blot analysis, by use of lps and proteinase k-treated bacterial lysates, analyses in which the antibody was shown to be highly specific for the homologous antigen. in ad ... | 1999 | 10325309 |
| genotypic and phenotypic similarity of multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii isolates in the czech republic. | the diversity of 103 clinical isolates of the acinetobacter calcoaceticus-acinetobacter baumannii complex obtained between 1991 and 1997 from 17 czech hospitals was studied by ribotyping, biotyping, plasmid profiling and antibiotic susceptibility testing. according to the ecori ribotypes, all but one of these isolates were identified to the dna group level: 77 isolates were allocated to dna group 2 (a. baumannii), 14 to dna group 3, 10 to dna group 13 sensu tjernberg and ursing and one to dna gr ... | 1999 | 10334596 |
| [activity of beta-lactamase inhibitors against acinetobacter baumannii]. | | 1998 | 10336325 |
| in vivo efficacies of combinations of beta-lactams, beta-lactamase inhibitors, and rifampin against acinetobacter baumannii in a mouse pneumonia model. | the effects of various regimens containing combinations of beta-lactams, beta-lactam inhibitor(s), and rifampin were assessed in a recently described mouse model of acinetobacter baumannii pneumonia (m. l. joly-guillou, m. wolff, j. j. pocidalo, f. walker, and c. carbon, antimicrob. agents chemother. 41:345-351, 1997). two aspects of the therapeutic response were studied: the kinetics of the bactericidal effect (treatment was initiated 3 h after intratracheal inoculation, and bacterial counts we ... | 1999 | 10348761 |
| distribution of acinetobacter species on skin of healthy humans. | the distribution of the 19 currently known genospecies of acinetobacter on human skin, i.e. forehead, forearm and toe webs, was determined. three selective media were compared for their specificity for all genospecies of acinetobacter. a minimal-salts agar supplemented with 1% acetate proved to be more efficient than the leeds medium for the isolation of most genospecies in mixed culture with other bacterial species. acinetobacter isolates were provisionally identified using biochemical tests an ... | 1999 | 10357050 |
| epidemiological study of an acinetobacter baumannii outbreak by using a combination of antibiotyping and ribotyping. | from june to november 1994 (period 1) and from february to june 1995 (period 2), multiresistant acinetobacter baumannii strains were isolated in intensive care units and surgical wards of the amiens teaching hospital center (amiens, france). eighteen isolates were obtained from 17 (1%) of 1,706 patients admitted during both of these periods, giving an incidence rate of nosocomial infection per 1,000 patient days of 0.6%. of 17 infected patients, 9 had pneumonia, 3 had urinary tract infection, 2 ... | 1999 | 10364581 |
| in-vitro antibacterial activity of levofloxacin against hospital isolates: a multicentre study. | the objective of this study was to evaluate the activity of the fluoroquinolone, levofloxacin, against hospital isolates of bacteria. mics of levofloxacin were determined for 2154 strains by agar dilution. breakpoints for susceptibility testing were calculated using the agar diffusion technique with 5 micrograms discs. the activity of levofloxacin against nalidixic acid- and pefloxacin-susceptible enterobacteriaceae (n = 668) was higher (mic50/90 0.06-0.12 mg/l) than previously reported for oflo ... | 1999 | 10404337 |
| [epidemiologic consistency of polymerase chain reaction (pcr) based methods for the study of acinotobacter baumannii infections]. | acinetobacter baumannii is one of the most frequent causative agents of nosocomial infections outbreaks. consequently, a rapid and specific typing method that can identify epidemic strains is important in preventing their dissemination. to evaluate pcr (polymerase chain reaction)-based methods as epidemiological markers, epidemiologic concordance (ec) and the discriminatory power (d) of two of those methods: 1) arbitrary primed-pcr (ap-pcr), and 2) repetitive extragenic palindrome sequence-based ... | 1999 | 10413890 |
| pcr detection of aminoglycoside resistance genes: a rapid molecular typing method for acinetobacter baumannii. | aminoglycoside resistance is common among strains of acinetobacter baumannii responsible for nosocomial infections, and inactivation of these antibiotics by enzymatic modification is the main mechanism. different types of aminoglycoside acetyltransferases (aac), nucleotidyltransferases (ant), and phosphotransferases (aph) are synthesized by clinical isolates, and several enzymes can be produced by a single strain. using a multiplex pcr procedure carried out on bacterial thermolysates, we analyze ... | 1999 | 10422692 |
| variations in etiology of ventilator-associated pneumonia across four treatment sites: implications for antimicrobial prescribing practices. | this retrospective multicenter study compared microorganisms documented by quantitative cultures from bronchoscopic samples in episodes of ventilator-associated pneumonia (vap) from three different institutions in barcelona (b), montevideo (m), and seville (s). the observations were compared with the findings reported by trouillet and coworkers (ajrccm 1998;157:531-539) in paris (p). the objective was to evaluate whether a classification of etiologies of vap in four groups, based on the number o ... | 1999 | 10430736 |