Publications

vitality of pseudomonas campestris (pam.) smith on cabbage seed.		1904	17791993
serological studies of the genus xanthomonas: iii. the xanthomonas vascularum and xanthomonas phaseoli groups; the intermediate position of xanthomonas campestris.		1947	16561367
serological studies of the genus xanthomonas: the xanthomonas vascularum and xanthomonas phaseoli groups: the intermediate position of xanthomonas campestris.		1947	20266337
[on the biological properties of the pathogen of cabbage bacteriosis xanthomonas campestris].		1961	13755078
[changes in some biological properties of xanthomonas campestris under the influence of thiosulfonic acid esters. i. changes in morphological, biochemical and serological properties of x. campestris].		1961	14460452
[changes of some biological properties of xanthomonas campestris under the influence of thiosulfonic acid esters. ii. change of the virulence of x. campestris].		1962	14460453
[on the development of resistance in erwinia carotovora (jones) holland and xanthomonas campestris (pammel) dowson to thiosulfate ethers].		1963	14048461
similarity of xanthomonas and pseudomonas deoxyribonucleic acid.	de ley, j. (state university, ghent, belgium), and s. friedman. similarity of xanthomonas and pseudomonas deoxyribonucleic acid. j. bacteriol. 89:1306-1309. 1965.-pronounced deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) hybridization was detected with the dna-agar method within the group of xanthomonas and between xanthomonas and pseudomonas. sheared, denatured c(14)-dna from x. pelargonii hybridized 80 to 100% with high molecular weight, denatured agar-bound dna from eight different xanthomonas nomenspecies. the ...	1965	14293002
isolation and identification of n-acetyl-3-amino-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose, a cell wall constituent of xanthomonas campestris.		1965	5846977
isolation of a bacterial lipopolysaccharide from xanthomonas campestris containing 3-acetamido-3,6-dideoxy-d-galactose and d-rhamnose.		1966	5935353
polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase of xanthomonas campestris.	polygalacturonic acid trans-eliminase from the culture fluid of xanthomonas campestris was purified 66-fold by acetone precipitation, citrate extraction and chromatography on diethylaminoethyl- and carboxymethyl-cellulose. the optimum ph is 9.5 in glycine-sodium hydroxide buffer. up to 1mm-calcium chloride brings about a remarkable stimulation of the enzyme activity and, at this concentration, no other cations promote or inhibit enzyme action except ba(2+) ions, which cause complete inhibition. ...	1967	6035509
isolation of d-galacturonic acid 1-phosphate from hydrolysates of cell wall lipopolysaccharide extracted from xanthomonas campestris.	d-galacturonic acid 1-phosphate was found to be one of the products formed during hydrolysis of the cell wall lipopolysaccharide of xanthomonas campestris in 0.01 n acetic acid at ph 3.3. the molecule was shown to consist of equimolar amounts of d-galacturonic acid and phosphate. resistance to borohydride reduction before, but not after, treatment with escherichia coli alkaline phosphatase indicated that the phosphate group is attached to carbon-1 of the galacturonic acid. the presence of an add ...	1968	4868363
outbreak of black rot of cabbage (xanthomonas campestris) in udaipur, rajasthan and effect of antibiotics on the growth of the pathogen in vitro.		1969	5823583
biological assays for two mycotoxins produced by fusarium tricinctum.	a survey was made to detect microorganisms useful for assaying butenolide [4-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone] and t-2 toxin [4beta, 15-diacetoxy-8alpha-(3-methylbutyryloxy)-12,13-epoxytricothec -9-en-3alpha-ol]. these mycotoxins produced by strains of fusarium tricinctum have been implicated in mycotoxicosis of livestock. although butenolide proved to be a very weak antibiotic, assay discs containing 100 mug of this toxin inhibited sprillum serpens nrrl b-2052, vibrio tyrogenus ...	1970	5485724
growth of xanthomonas campestris is not simply nutrient-limited.		1971	5156942
protozoa as agents responsible for the decline of xanthomonas campestris in soil.	a streptomycin-resistant mutant of xanthomonas campestris was used to assess the persistence of the plant pathogen in soil and the changes in populations that might be important for its survival. in soil into which large numbers of the organism were introduced, a marked decline in its abundance occurred, but after about 1 week its population density reached a level of about 105 and did not continue to fall during the test period. no such marked decline was evident in sterile soil inoculated wit ...	1975	1115496
structure of extracellular polysaccharide from xanthomonas campestris.		1975	1212669
covalent structure of the extracellular polysaccharide from xanthomonas campestris: evidence from partial hydrolysis studies.		1976	1260790
n-nitrosamine formation by cultures of several microorganisms.	of 38 pure cultures of microorganisms tested, only one, pseudomonas stutzeri, was capable of forming dimethylnitrosamine from dimethylamine and nitrite during growth. resting cells of p. stutzeri, cryptococcus terreus, escherichia coli, and xanthomonas campestris formed dimethylnitrosamine, although no nitrosamine was found in growing cultures of the latter three organisms. no nitrosamine was produced by either growing cultures or resting-cell suspensions of pseudomonas fragi or proteus mirabili ...	1976	7197
conformation of the extracellular polysaccharide of xanthomonas campestris.	the solution conformation of the extracellular polysaccharide of the bacterium xanthomonas campestris is examined by optical rotation, viscometry, and potentiometric titration. measurements of optical rotation vs. temperature for solutions of the polysaccharide at low ionic strength reveal a sharp transition to a denatured structure which is reversible if sufficient salt is present. the temperature tm at the transition midpoint increases as log (na+) or log (ca2+). viscosity-temperature profiles ...	1976	9135
colonial variation in xanthomonas campestris nrrl b-1459 and characterization of the polysaccharide from a variant strain.	stock cultures of xanthomonas campestris nrrl b-1459 require special attention to maintenance and propagation to assure consistent production in good yields of the extracellular polysaccharide xanthan. under customary conditions of propagative maintenance on agar slants, variant colony types develop that are smaller in size than the normal type. the rate of regression of the normal to the variant forms was diminished when the d-glucose content of the stock medium was sufficient to avoid depletio ...	1976	963616
bacteriolysis by immobilized enzymes.	bacteriolytic enzymes produced by achromobacter lunatus were immobilized in collagen membrane. intact bacteria such as pseudomonas solanacearum, xanthomonas oryzae, staphylococcus aureus, and pseudomonas aeruginosa were lyzed with the bacteriolytic enzyme-collagen membrane. relative activity of the bacteriolytic enzyme-collagen membrane against pseu. solanacearum was about 2% of that of native bacteriolytic enzymes. no difference in the optimum ph was observed between immobilized enzymes and nat ...	1977	14747
antagonistic interactions of phylloplane bacteria with drechslera dictyoides (drechslera) shoemaker.	strains of listeria denitrificans (e2), pseudomonas fluorescens (c37 and c92), and xanthomonas campestris (d119), isolated from the phylloplane of lolium perenne (s24), were antagonistic to drechslera dictyoides (drechslera) shoemaker. from in vitro and in vivo experiments it was deduced that their mode of activity included an initial inhibition of spore germination, a retardation in the rate of germ-tube elongation, and ultimately lysis of the hyphae. the effects were expressed on the plant in ...	1977	406025
maintenance procedures for the curtailment of genetic instability: xanthomonas campestris nrrl b-1459.	characteristics are described of small-colony variants of xanthomonas campestris nrrl b-1459 which are frequently encountered when routine culture maintenance procedures are employed. in contrast to the parental type, smallcolony variants were shown to be resistant to a number of antibiotics, to acridine orange, and to phage which are virulent for the parent colony type. sensitivity to ultraviolet radiation was similar in both colony types. a simple method for preservation of viable cells is des ...	1977	326188
further evidence for the regulation of bacterial populations in soil by protozoa.	after the addition to soil of large numbers of a cowpea rhizobium strain, the population declined steadily until the numbers reached about 10(7)/g, and the protozoa rose to about 10(4)/g. when indigenous protozoa were suppressed by the addition of actidione to the soil, the density of the test rhizobium did not fall initially, but its abundance declined to about 10(7)/g when actidione-resistant protozoa arose in significant numbers. the addition to actidione-treated soil of an antibiotic-resista ...	1977	879960
[nitrogen utilization and xanthan production by xanthomonas campestris].	in media with mixed nitrogen sources (nitrate plus yeast extract) a three auxic growth is observed. the first growth phase is characterized by preferential utilization of the amino acids of the yeast autolysate and the utilization of only small amounts of nitrate. during the second growth phase nitrate is preferentially utilized. in the third phase there is only growth without dividing of cells and the accumulation of xanthan takes place. the change from growth by dividing to growth without divi ...	1977	930119
combining site specificity of antipneumococcal type viii horse immunoglobulins cross-reactive with mild acid-treated xanthomonas campestris polysaccharide.		1978	28090
nutritional studies on xanthan production by xanthomonas campestris nrrl b1459.	the nutritional requirements of xanthomonas campestris nrrl b1459 for optimal xanthan production were studied in a chemically defined medium. of the carbon sources tested, a 4% sucrose or glucose medium yielded the highest xanthan titers. the further addition of certain organic acids, such as succinate, pyruvate, and alpha-ketoglutarate, stimulated xanthan production; excess concentrations of these organic acids inhibited xanthan formation. certain amino acids (e.g., glutamate) and nitrate salts ...	1979	16345398
general properties of beta-galactosidase of xanthomonas campestris.	partially purified beta-galactosidase of xanthomonas campestris required 32 to 37 degrees c and ph 5.5 to 5.8 for optimum activity. the enzyme had low affinity for lactose hydrolysis (k(m) = 22 mm) and was inhibited by thiol group reagents, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, galactose, and d-galactal.	1979	16345439
hot acidified cupric acetate soaks for eradication of xanthomonas campestris from crucifer seeds.	acidified cupric acetate soaks were tested for eradication of xanthomonas campestris from naturally infected crucifer seeds. the pathogen was eradicated from seeds by soaking in 0.5% cupric acetate dissolved in 0.005 n acetic acid for 20 min at 35, 40, 45, and 50 degrees c but not 25 degrees c. moreover, normal bacterial flora of crucifer seeds and the seed-borne phoma lingam and alternaria spp. were reduced by 95, 92, and 81%, respectively, after the cupric acetate treatment at 40 degrees c. th ...	1980	16345544
growth and accumulation of polysaccharide by xanthomonas campestris.		1980	7424048
biodegradation of xanthan gum by bacillus sp.	strains tentatively identified as bacillus sp. were isolated from sewage sludge and soil and shown to elaborate extracellular enzymes that degrade the extracellular polysaccharide (xanthan gum, polysaccharide b-1459) of xanthomonas campestris nrrl b-1459. enzyme production by one strain was greatly enhanced when the strain was incubated in a mixed culture. products of degradation were identified as d-glucuronic acid, d-mannose, pyruvylated mannose, 6-o-acetyl d-mannose, and a (1-->4)-linked gluc ...	1982	16346068
the similarities between pseudomonas paucimobilis and allied bacteria derived from analysis of deoxyribonucleic acids and electrophoretic protein patterns.	the chromosomal dna was isolated and purified from 17 strains of pseudomonas paucimobilis, and from the type or reference strains of flavobacterium capsulatum, f. devorans, f. multivorum, 'chromobacterium lividum', xanthomonas campestris and seven species of pseudomonas. the dna base compositions (mol% g + c) of p. paucimobilis strains were between 62.2 and 68.6%, and typical strains had a mean value of 65.3 +/- 0.4 mol%, determined from thermal denaturation temperature. dna-dna molecular hybrid ...	1982	7183747
immune responses to xanthan gum. i. the characteristics of lymphocyte activation by xanthan gum.	xanthan gum (xg), a microbial polysaccharide produced extracellularly by fermentation of xanthomonas campestris, has unique physical properties. we studied the effects of xg on murine lymphocytes in vitro and found that xg induced both a significant increase of dna synthesis in mouse splenic b cells and thymocytes as well as polyclonal igm and igg antibody responses in b cells. xg-activated thymocytes, however, did not display helper or suppressor functions. xg was almost as effective in inducin ...	1983	6832212
[transfer of plasmid rp4 into some phytopathogenic bacteria and its relation to their virulence].	plasmid rp4 were transferred from escherichia coli into pseudomonas solanacerum, xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae, x. campestris pv. campestris, and x. campestris pv. citri at the frequencies of 1.8 x 10(-6), 2.8 x 10(-6), 1.4 x 10(-2) and 2.0 x 10(-3), respectively. the frequencies of transfer depended on bacterial species and conjugation conditions. treatment of bromide at the concentration of 2 micrograms/ml and acridine orange at 100 micrograms/ml for 32 hrs the plasmid rp4 could be cured f ...	1983	6342991
phytoalexin synthesis in soybean cells: elicitor induction of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase mrnas and correlation with phytoalexin accumulation.	a glucan elicitor from cell walls of the fungus phytophthora megasperma f. sp. glycinea, a pathogen of soybean (glycine max), induced large and rapid increases in the activities of enzymes of general phenylpropanoid metabolism, phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, and of the flavonoid pathway, acetyl-coa carboxylase and chalcone synthase, in suspension-cultured soybean cells. the changes in phenylalanine ammonia-lyase and chalcone synthase activities were correlated with corresponding changes in the mrn ...	1984	6540068
mechanism and dynamics of conformational ordering in xanthan polysaccharide.	the thermally induced order-disorder transition of xanthan (extracellular bacterial polysaccharide from xanthomonas campestris) has been investigated by optical rotation, differential scanning calorimetry, stopped-flow reaction kinetics and low-angle laser light scattering, and the results have been analysed in terms of zimm -bragg helix-coil transition theory. the reciprocal of the transition midpoint temperature (tm) varies linearly with the logarithm of cation (k+) the salt dependence of tm, ...	1984	6726814
differentiation between xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae, xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzicola and the bacterial 'brown blotch' pathogen on rice by numerical analysis of phenotypic features and protein gel electrophoregrams.	thirty-five xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae, fourteen x. campestris pv. oryzicola strains and six 'brown blotch' pathogens of rice, all of different geographical origin, were studied by numerical analysis of 133 phenotype features and gel electrophoregrams of soluble proteins, %g + c determinations and dna:rrna hybridizations. the following conclusions were drawn. (i) the xanthomonas campestris pathovars oryzae and oryzicola display clearly distinct protein patterns on polyacrylamide gels and ...	1984	6084704
clues from xanthomonas campestris about the evolution of aromatic biosynthesis and its regulation.	the recent placement of major gram-negative prokaryotes (superfamily b) on a phylogenetic tree (including, e.g., lineages leading to escherichia coli, pseudomonas aeruginosa, and acinetobacter calcoaceticus) has allowed initial insights into the evolution of the biochemical pathway for aromatic amino acid biosynthesis and its regulation to be obtained. within this prokaryote grouping, xanthomonas campestris atcc 12612 (a representative of the group v pseudomonads) has played a key role in facili ...	1984	6152589
genetic construction of lactose-utilizing xanthomonas campestris.	xanthomonas campestris, the producer of xanthan gum, possesses a beta-galactosidase of very low specific activity. plasmid pgc9114 (rp1::tn951), generated by the transposition of the lactose transposon tn951 to rp1, was conjugally transferred into xn1, a nalidixic acid-resistant derivative of x. campestris nrrl b-1459s-4l. transfer occurred on membrane filters and in broth. the beta-galactosidase gene of tn951 was expressed in x. campestris. the specific activity of beta-galactosidase in transco ...	1984	16346464
cloning of genes involved in pathogenicity of xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris using the broad host range cosmid plafr1.	a genomic library was prepared in escherichia coli from dna of wild-type xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris (aetiological agent of crucifer black rot), partially digested with endonuclease ecori, using the mobilisable broad host range cosmid vector plafr1. recombinant plasmids contained inserts ranging in size from 19.1 to 32.3 kb (mean 26.6). certain of the clones complemented e. coli auxotrophic markers. using the narrow host range plasmid prk2013 as a helper the pooled recombinant plasmids ...	1984	16453595
pressate from peat dewatering as a substrate for bacterial growth.	this study considered the possibility of using water expressed during the drying of fuel-grade peat as a substrate for microbial growth. highly humified peat pressed for 2.5 min at 1.96 mpa produced water with a chemical oxygen demand of 690 mg/liter. several biological compounds could be produced by using the organic matter in expressed peat water as a substrate. these included polymers such as chitosan, contained in the cell wall of rhizopus arrhizus, and two extracellular polysaccharides, xan ...	1985	16346834
production of high-viscosity whey broths by a lactose-utilizing xanthomonas campestris strain.	xanthomonas campestris bb-1l was isolated by enrichment and selection by serial passage in a lactose-minimal medium. when bb-1l was subsequently grown in medium containing only 4% whey and 0.05% yeast extract, the lactose was consumed and broth viscosities greater than 500 cps at a 12 s shear rate were produced. prolonged maintenance in whey resulted in the loss of the ability of bb-1l to produce viscous broths in whey, indicating a reversion to preferential growth on whey protein, like the pare ...	1985	16346946
human serum amyloid p component, a circulating lectin with specificity for the cyclic 4,6-pyruvate acetal of galactose. interactions with various bacteria.	serum amyloid p component (sap), a normal plasma glycoprotein, has recently been shown to have ca2+-dependent binding specificity for methyl 4,6-o-(1-carboxyethylidene)-beta-d-galactopyranoside (mo beta dg) [hind, collins, renn, cook, caspi, baltz & pepys (1984) j. exp. med. 159, 1058-1069]. sap was found to bind in vitro to klebsiella rhinoscleromatis, the cell wall of which is known to contain this particular cyclic pyruvate acetal of galactose. sap also bound in similar amounts (approx. 6000 ...	1985	3883985
bacterial leaf spot of zinnia elegans, a new disease in argentina.	a bacterial disease of zinnia elegans (compositae), caused by xanthomonas campestris pv. zinniae is recorded for the first time in argentina. the identification of the causal organism was based on disease symptoms, pathogenicity and morphological and physiological characteristics of the cultures isolated from material collected at la plata, province of buenos aires, argentina.	1985	3916667
occurrence of maltase and beta-galactosidase in xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae.		1985	3928284
copper-binding characteristics of exopolymers from a freshwater-sediment bacterium.	copper-binding activity by exopolymers from adherent cells of a freshwater-sediment bacterium was demonstrated by a combination of equilibrium dialysis and flameless atomic absorption spectrometry. crude, cell-free exopolymer preparations containing protein and polysaccharide components bound up to 37 nmol of cu per mg (dry weight). a highly purified exopolysaccharide preparation bound up to 253 nmol of cu per mg of carbohydrate. the conditional stability constant for the crude exopolymer-cu com ...	1985	4004217
evolutionary implications of features of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis in the genus acinetobacter.	key enzymes of aromatic amino acid biosynthesis were examined in the genus acinetobacter. members of this genus belong to a suprafamilial assemblage of gram-negative bacteria (denoted superfamily b) for which a phylogenetic tree based upon oligonucleotide cataloging of 16s rrna exists. since the acinetobacter lineage diverged at an early evolutionary time from other lineages within superfamily b, an examination of aromatic biosynthesis in members of this genus has supplied important clues for th ...	1985	4074072
characterization of phage-xp10-coded rna polymerase.	a bacteriophage-coded rna polymerase was isolated from bacteriophage-xp10-infected xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae. the enzyme was purified to homogeneity through precipitation by poly(ethylene glycol) and chromatography on deae-cellulose, heparin--sepharose 4b and blue-dextran--sepharose 4b. it is composed of a single polypeptide of mr96,000. the enzyme preferred denatured xp10 dna, calf thymus dna, host bacterium dna and poly[d(a-t)] as templates. the optimal concentration of mgcl2 is 16 mm. ...	1986	3720743
nitrogen conversion factors for the proteinaceous content of gums permitted as food additives.	nitrogen conversion factors for gum arabic (acacia senegal (l.) willd.), gum tragacanth (asiatic astragalus spp.), gum karaya (sterculia spp.), guar gum (cyamopsis spp.), locust bean (carob) gum (ceratonia spp.), tara gum (caesalpinia spp.), and xanthan gum (xanthomonas campestris) have been calculated from data for the amino acid compositions of their proteinaceous components. the factors derived differ from the arbitrary values (5.7 or 6.25) at present specified by international regulatory aut ...	1986	3743832
loss of sigma-factor of rna polymerase of xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae during phage xp10 infection.	ten min after infection of xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae by phage xp10, a sharp decrease in the activity of the host rna polymerase was observed. host rna polymerase from phage-infected and uninfected cells was purified, and their properties were compared. the enzyme from uninfected cells contained four polypeptides with mr = 155,000, 155,000, 93,000, and 37,000, respectively, and assembled with a stoichiometry of alpha 2 beta beta' sigma. the enzyme from infected cells lacked the sigma-subu ...	1986	3020043
cloning and regulation of erwinia herbicola pigment genes.	the genes coding for yellow pigment production in erwinia herbicola eho10 (atcc 39368) were cloned and localized to a 12.4-kilobase (kb) chromosomal fragment. a 2.3-kb avai deletion in the cloned fragment resulted in the production of a pink-yellow pigment, a possible precursor of the yellow pigment. production of yellow pigment in both e. herbicola eho10 and pigmented escherichia coli clones was inhibited by glucose. when the pigment genes were transformed into a cya (adenylate cyclase) e. coli ...	1986	3023282
extracellular oligosaccharides and low-mr polysaccharides containing (1----2)-beta-d-glucosidic linkages from strains of xanthomonas, escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae.	one strain each of xanthomonas campestris and 'xanthomonas phaseoli', three strains of 'xanthomonas oryzae', and five strains each of escherichia coli and klebsiella pneumoniae were found to produce a mixture of (1----2)-beta-d-gluco-oligosaccharides and/or low-mr (1----2)-beta-d-glucans in their culture media. the saccharides from the strains of xanthomonas were all composed of unbranched, linear (1----2)-beta-d-glucosaccharides with degrees of polymerization (dps) of 8 to about 20, and a cycli ...	1986	3540204
production of high-viscosity whey-glucose broths by a xanthomonas campestris strain.	crude broth viscosities, as high as 700 centipoise at a 12-s shear rate, were produced by fermenting a whey-glucose medium with a xanthomonas campestris strain.	1986	16346971
antagonism of lactic acid bacteria against phytopathogenic bacteria.	a variety of lactic acid bacteria, isolated from plant surfaces and plant-associated products, were found to be antagonistic to test strains of the phytopathogens xanthomonas campestris, erwinia carotovora, and pseudomonas syringae. effective "in vitro" inhibition was found both on agar plates and in broth cultures. in pot trials, treatment of bean plants with a lactobacillus plantarum strain before inoculation with p. syringae caused a significant reduction of the disease incidence.	1986	16347150
comparison of bacterial lipopolysaccharides by high-performance liquid chromatography.	a comparison of lipid-free polysaccharides from gram-negative bacteria was rapidly accomplished by using high-performance liquid chromatography of underivatized hydrolysates. examination of a number of such products revealed that, contrary to earlier reports, xanthomonas campestris lipopolysaccharide contained heptose, together with rhamnose and galactose, but not mannose. the polymers from the methanotrophs "methylomonas albus" and "methylosinus trichosporium" contained heptose and glucose, and ...	1986	16347189
gene-for-gene interactions of five cloned avirulence genes from xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum with specific resistance genes in cotton.	a total dna clone bank of a strain of xanthomonas campestris pv. malvacearum (xcm) was constructed in the cosmid vector psa747 and transfected into escherichia coli. the xcm strain carries at least nine identifiable avirulence (a) genes. clones in e. coli were mated individually into a recombination-proficient xcm isolate carrying no known a genes. screening was for incompatibility on congenic cotton host lines that differ by single specific resistance (r) genes. ten different cosmid clones conf ...	1986	16593751
the lysogenic cycle of the filamentous phage cflt from xanthomonas campestris pv. citri.	a phage, cflt, forming turbid plaques, was isolated from xanthomonas campestris pv. citri. after infection, infected sensitive cells become immune to cflt and produce very few phages. these properties were genetically rather stable. the phage was purified and shown to be filamentous with a size of 1157 +/- 73 nm. the genome size is about 7.62 kb. the phage does not affect the growth of host bacteria. under natural cultivation conditions cflt-lysogenized cells could be induced spontaneously to gi ...	1987	18644553
neolysogenization of xanthomonas campestris pv. citri infected with filamentous phage cf16.	all previously described filamentous bacteriophages are capable of persistent infection while their dna replicates as an episome in the host cell. filamentous phage cf16 undergoes an infectious cycle different from other filamentous phages reported heretofore. upon initial infection with cf16, infective centers are formed, each of which produces a large number of phage particles. as the infectious cycle progresses, the phage particles released and infective centers formed per carrier cell decrea ...	1987	18644554
enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on nitrocellulose membranes (dot-elisa) in the serodiagnosis of plant pathogenic bacteria.	the usefulness of enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay on nitrocellulose membranes (dot-elisa) for diagnosis and identification of plant pathogenic bacteria was tested. five pathovars of xanthomonas campestris and two antisera, one produced against pv. vesicatoria and the other against pv. translucens, were used in a model system. a 10-min incubation of the bacterial cells, dot blotted on membranes, in diluted sera, followed by either alkaline phosphatase conjugated protein a or goat antirabbit glo ...	1987	19271341
auxin production by plant-pathogenic pseudomonads and xanthomonads.	pathogenic strains of xanthomonas campestris pv. glycines which cause hypertrophy of leaf cells of susceptible soybean cultivars and nonpathogenic strains which do not cause hypertrophy were compared for their ability to produce indole compounds, including the plant hormone indole-3-acetic acid (iaa) in liquid media with or without supplementation with l-tryptophan. several additional strains of plant-pathogenic xanthomonads and pseudomonads were also tested for iaa production to determine wheth ...	1987	16347409
identification of plant-induced genes of the bacterial pathogen xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris using a promoter-probe plasmid.	a promoter-probe plasmid suitable for use in xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris (causal agent of crucifer black rot) was constructed by ligating a broad host range incq replicon into the promoter-probe plasmid pkk232-8, which contains a promoterless chloramphenicol acetyltransferase gene. xanthomonas chromosomal dna fragments were 'shotgun' cloned into a restriction site in front of this gene, and the resulting library was transferred en masse into xanthomonas. individual transconjugants ...	1987	15981331
regulation of transcription of the xp10 genome in bacteriophage-infected xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae.	results of in vivo studies showed that the transcription of the xp10 genome in xp10-infected cells shifted from rifampin sensitivity to rifampin resistance. results of in vitro studies showed that a rapid reduction of rifampin-sensitive rna polymerase activity coincided with a rapid increase of rifampin-resistant rna polymerase activity in cell extracts with time after infection. host and xp10-encoded rna polymerases were purified, and the transcripts from these two enzymes were hybridized to th ...	1987	3573148
expression of rhizobium meliloti nod genes in rhizobium and agrobacterium backgrounds.	rhizobium meliloti nod genes are required for the infection of alfalfa. induction of the nodc gene depends on a chemical signal from alfalfa and on nodd gene expression. by using a nodc-lacz fusion, we have shown that the induction of the r. meliloti nodc gene and the expression of nodd occur at almost normal levels in other rhizobium backgrounds and in agrobacterium tumefaciens, but not in escherichia coli. xanthomonas campestris, or pseudomonas savastanoi. our results suggest that bacterial ge ...	1987	3597319
hemagglutinating activity in phytopathogenic bacteria surface compounds.	extracellular components of plant pathogenic bacteria were obtained from their culture medium as well as from the whole cells by using nacl 1 m, ph 6.0; 20% sucrose dissolved in 0.03 m tris buffer, ph 8.0; or 0.05 m na2edta. all the extracts from erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, pseudomonas syringae pv. phaseolicola, xanthomonas campestris pv. phaseoli, pseudomonas solanacearum, and erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica, were assayed for hemagglutinati ...	1987	3625474
pseudomonas solanacearum genes controlling both pathogenicity on tomato and hypersensitivity on tobacco are clustered.	a plafr3 cosmid clone designated pvir2 containing a 25-kilobase (kb) dna insert was isolated from a wild-type pseudomonas solanacearum gmi1000 genomic library. this cosmid was shown to complement all but one of the nine tn5-induced mutants which have been isolated after random mutagenesis and which have lost both pathogenicity toward tomato and ability to induce hypersensitive reaction (hr) on tobacco (hrp mutants). the insert is colinear with the genome and provides restoration of the hr-induci ...	1987	2824440
xanthan lyases--novel enzymes found in various bacterial species.	xanthan lyases, cleaving the terminal beta-mannosidic linkage of the side-chain of the exopolysaccharide xanthan from xanthomonas campestris, have been obtained from several sources. these include a bacillus species, a corynebacterium species and a mixed culture. the lyases were initially associated with endo-beta-glucanases cleaving the main chain of xanthan. partial purification of the enzymes was achieved and the bacillus preparation was separated by fplc into material free of endoglucanase a ...	1987	3446747
transformation of xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris with plasmid dna.	procedures for the introduction of plasmid dna into gram-negative bacteria have been adapted and optimized to permit transformation of the plant pathogen xanthomonas campestris pathovar campestris with the cloning vector pkt230 and other broad-host-range plasmids. the technique involves cacl2-induced competence and heat shock and is similar to that routinely used for escherichia coli. wild-type x. c. campestris strains appear to restrict incoming unmodified dna, so that plasmid dna for transform ...	1987	3449597
genetic and physical analyses of a cluster of genes essential for xanthan gum biosynthesis in xanthomonas campestris.	xanthomonas campestris produces copious amounts of a complex exopolysaccharide, xanthan gum. nonmucoid mutants, defective in synthesis of xanthan polysaccharide, were isolated after nitrosoguanidine mutagenesis. to isolate genes essential for xanthan polysaccharide synthesis (xps), a genomic library of x. campestris dna, partially digested with sali and ligated into the broad-host-range cloning vector prk293, was constructed in escherichia coli. the pooled clone bank was conjugated en masse from ...	1987	3034868
clustering of mutations blocking synthesis of xanthan gum by xanthomonas campestris.	mutations that block the synthesis of xanthan gum by xanthomonas campestris b1459s-4l-ii were isolated as nonmucoid colonies after treatment with ethyl methanesulfonate. complete libraries of dna fragments from wild-type x. campestris were cloned into escherichia coli by using a broad-host-range cosmid vector and then transferred into each mutant strain by conjugal mating. cloned fragments that restored xanthan gum synthesis (xgs+; mucoidy) were compared according to restriction pattern, dna seq ...	1987	3038845
[numerical taxonomy of several pathovars of xanthomonas campestris].	numerical methods were used in order to study the relationships between 26 bacterial strains of 18 pathovars of xanthomonas campestris according to 115 morphological, cultural, physiological and pathogenic characteristics. similarity for each pair of cultures was calculated by simple matching coefficient. using single linkage method of association, the strains fall into a major group formed by pathovars undulosa, translucens, secalis, hordei, pelargonii, hederae, pruni, cucurbitae, zinniae, citr ...	1987	3077325
monoclonal antibodies in identifying neisseria gonorrhoeae: cautionary note.		1987	3123361
[lysogeny of strains of xanthomonas campestris and their variants].		1987	3150487
gene expression in brassica campestris showing a hypersensitive response to the incompatible pathogen xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians.	xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, a pathogen of lettuce, elicits a hypersensitive response within 12 hours of inoculation into brassica leaves, characterized by tissue collapse, loss of membrane integrity, vein blockage and melanin production. in contrast, the compatible pathogen, x. c. pv. campestris, has no visible effects on leaves for 48 hours, after which inoculated areas show chlorosis which eventually spreads, followed by rotting.mrna was prepared from leaves inoculated with suspensions ...	1987	24301262
selection of peach cells for insensitivity to culture filtrates of xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni and regeneration of resistant plants.	individual callus cultures were initiated from 400 immature embryos of bacterial leaf spot-susceptible 'sunhigh' peach. each was subjected to several selection cycles of a toxic culture filtrate produced by xanthomonas campestris pv. pruni, the causal agent of leaf spot of peach. progressively higher concentrations of the filtrate were used in each cycle. two calli survived, and two plants were regenerated from each of the surviving calli. each of the four clones was propagated in vitro and test ...	1988	24232397
characterization of a spontaneously segregating cf16-v1 lysogen of xanthomonas campestris pv. citri.	filamentous phage cf16 undergoes a unique neolysogenic infectious cycle in xanthomonas campestris pv. citri and generates stable lysogens. in contrast, we have isolated a distinctive unstable lysogen, designated lw. this new lysogen segregated spontaneously into three nonparental types, each with a unique combination of colony morphology, phage-producing capacity, and phage genome content. in a given population of lw lysogens the segregation frequency of these types varied randomly with drastic ...	1988	3182235
nucleotide sequences involved in the neolysogenic insertion of filamentous phage cf16-v1 into the xanthomonas campestris pv. citri chromosome.	following a protracted carrier state in the infected cell, filamentous bacteriophage cf16-v1 neolysogenizes xanthomonas campestris pv. citri by inserting the phage genome into the host chromosome. the integration region in the phage and the host chromosome, respectively, and the two junctions in the lysogen chromosome were isolated and their nucleotide sequence was determined. the phage and host attachment sites shared an identical 15-bp "core," 5'-tatacattatgcgaa-3'. located on either side of e ...	1988	3201755
broad host range cosmid plafr1 and non-mucoid mutant xcp20 provide a suitable vector-host system for cloning genes in xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris.	for many gram-negative bacteria, whose transformation systems have yet developed, following a two stage manipulation for gene cloning is a common choice. following this strategy, dnas are cloned in escherichia coli, using a mobilizable vector, and the recombinant plasmids conjugally transferred into the original host. in this study, transfer of the broad-host range plasmid plafr1 (a 21.6 kb cosmid, tcr, derived from rk2 replicon) from e. coli to xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, by the help ...	1988	3208574
differential stability of filamentous phage genomes in xanthomonas campestris pv citri.	stability of carrier state in filamentous phage-infected xanthomonas campestris pv citri varied drastically even for closely related phage types. the spontaneous curing frequency for cells infected with cf16-12, cf16, cf16-v1 and cf was 1, 5, 96 and 100%, respectively. the size of the phage replicative-form (rf) pool which built up rapidly at the onset of cf16 infection was critical to the maintenance of the carrier state and the eventual integration of the prophage. a correlation in stability b ...	1988	3241573
minimal region necessary for autonomous replication of ptar.	the native 44-kilobase-pair plasmid ptar, discovered in a grapevine strain of agrobacterium tumefaciens, contains a single origin of dna replication confined to a 1.0-kilobase-pair region of the macromolecule. this region (ori) confers functions sufficient for replication in agrobacterium and rhizobium species but not in pseudomonas solanacearum, pseudomonas glumae, pseudomonas syringae pv. savastanoi, xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, and escherichia coli. ori contains a repa gene that enc ...	1988	3290199
glucose metabolism in xanthomonas campestris and influence of methionine on the carbon flow.	the glucose flow in xanthomonas campestris was investigated with radio-labelled glucose and by enzymological studies. only 7% of the radioactivity was incorporated into the cell material, but 41% was oxidized to carbon dioxide and 28% transformed to xanthan. up to 16% of cell dry weight consisted of the polysaccharide glycogen. in the presence of 2.7 mm methionine, which is an inhibitor of xanthan formation, increased carbon dioxide formation (51%) occurred. this increase was in accordance with ...	1988	3148363
the avirulence gene avrbs1 from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria encodes a 50-kd protein.	a gene cloned from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria race 2, avrbs1, specified avirulence on pepper cultivars containing the resistance gene bs1. a series of exonuclease iii deletions were made on a 3.2-kbp dna fragment that determined full avirulence activity, observed as hypersensitive response (hr) induction. the deletion products were subcloned into the broad host range cloning vector plafr3, conjugated into a virulent x. c. pv. vesicatoria race 1 strain, 82-8, and scored for their abil ...	1988	2979910
development of host range mutants of xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens.	xanthomonas campestris pv. translucens is the causal agent of bacterial leaf streak of cereal grains and grasses, and individual strains within the pathovar differ in their host range among the cereals. coinoculation of a wide-host-range and a narrow-host-range strain resulted in the wide-host-range reaction. transposon and chemical mutagenesis of the wide-host-range strain xct4, pathogenic on barley, wheat, rye, and triticale, resulted in variants with reduced host range. when pathogenicity was ...	1988	16347609
cotton fleahopper and associated microorganisms as components in the production of stress ethylene by cotton.	excised cotton terminal buds incubated with adults or nymphs of the cotton fleahopper (cfh), pseudatomoscelis seriatus (reuter), produced ethylene at theoretical abscission-inducing rates by 24 h after introduction of the insect. inoculation of cotton shoot tips with three microorganisms commonly associated with cfh and cotton in all cases promoted ethylene production to theoretical abscission-inducing rates by 24 h after inoculation. cfh alone or injection of microorganisms consistently caused ...	1988	16666119
characterization of a gene from a tomato pathogen determining hypersensitive resistance in non-host species and genetic analysis of this resistance in bean.	xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria is the causal agent of leaf spot disease on pepper and tomato. on non-host plants, such as bean, soybean, cowpea, alfalfa, and cotton, x. campestris pv. vesicatoria is unable to cause disease, inducing instead a hypersensitive resistance response (hr). since avirulence genes from x. campestris pv. vesicatoria specifically induce hr in several pepper cultivars, we investigated whether there were avirulence genes governing induction of resistance in non-host ...	1988	16593982
modelling xanthomonas campestris batch fermentations in a bubble column.	rate and yield expressions relating to biomass and xanthan formation and to nitrogen, glucose, and oxygen consumption were established for xanthomonas campestris batch fermentations in a bubble column. microbial growth was described by the logistic rate equation, characterized by a maximum specific growth rate mu(m) = 0.5 h(-1) and a maximum attainable cell concentration provided by nitrogenous compounds. with regard to carbon metabolism, the decrease with time in experimental yields and in the ...	1989	18587930
the influence of agitation rate on xanthan production by xanthomonas campestris.		1989	18588083
mass transfer studies using cloned-luminous strain of xanthomonas campestris.	measurements of mass transfer in a highly viscous pseudoplastic broth, which is typical to xanthomonas campestris fermentations, are difficult to obtain by conventional methods and little data is available. a novel research method that uses bioluminescence for mass transfer studies has been developed. a plasmid carrying the luminescence operon of marine luminous bacteria is introduced into an industrial bacteria, x. campestris. besides producing the polysaccharide xanthangum, the bioluminescent ...	1989	18588151
analysis of pectate lyases produced by soft rot bacteria associated with spoilage of vegetables.	isoelectric focusing (ief) profiles of pectate lyases (pls) produced by five different groups of soft rot bacteria were analyzed by using the combined techniques of thin-layer polyacrylamide gel ief and agarose-pectate overlay activity staining. four strains of soft rot erwinia spp. produced three or more pl isozymes. all of eight pseudomonas viridiflava strains examined produced one single pl with a pi of 9.7. all 10 of pseudomonas fluorescens strains produced two pls; the major one had a pi of ...	1989	2764574
host range and particle morphology of some bacteriophages affecting pathovars of xanthomonas campestris.	seven bacteriophages active against different pathovars of xanthomonas campestris were isolated from naturally infected plant material. all showed polyhedral heads and could be separated into two morphological groups according to their tail structures. phages active against x. campestris pv. cucurbitae (xcu-p1 and xcu-p3) and x. campestris pv. holcicola (xhol-p1) were described for the first time. ninety nine bacterial strains belonging to 5 genera (xanthomonas, pseudomonas, agrobacterium, clavi ...	1989	2803638
genetic and structural characterization of the avirulence gene avrbs3 from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria.	the avirulence gene avrbs3 from xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria was cloned and found to be localized on a self-transmissable plasmid. genetic analysis of an avrbs3 insertion mutation revealed that avrbs3 constitutes a single locus, specifying the resistant phenotype on pepper plants. southern blot experiments showed that no dna sequences homologous to avrbs3 were present in other races of x. c. pv. vesicatoria, which are unable to induce a hypersensitive reaction on ecw-30r. however, the ...	1989	2550761
transposable elements for efficient manipulation of a wide range of gram-negative bacteria: promoter probes and vectors for foreign genes.	we describe here the construction and use of a series of modified transposons based on the insertion sequence is1. like their parent, omegon-km [fellay et al., gene 76 (1989) 215-226], these elements permit efficient insertional mutagenesis of a variety of gram-negative bacteria. the presence of a functional pbr322 origin of replication within the transposable element facilitates subsequent cloning of the mutated gene. the omegon-km system was previously shown to function in pseudomonas putida, ...	1989	2559879
identification and nucleotide sequence of attachment site of the cflt filamentous phage from xanthomonas campestris pv. citri.	it has been reported that the attachment site on the phage attp is located from 69.2 to 73.8 min on cflt rf dna. kpni and psti were used, which cut respectively at 67.2 and 72.6 min of cflt rf dna. a 0.54 kb fragment containing attp was obtained. for isolation of the right (attr) and left (attl) junctions of prophage and host chromosomal dna, lysogen dna was digested with hindiii and used to prepare a recombinant plasmid library. with cflt rf dna as a probe, three types of recombinant plasmids r ...	1989	2605976
monoclonal antibodies reacting with the exopolysaccharide xanthan from xanthomonas campestris.	we have prepared murine hybridomas secreting monoclonal antibodies against the exopopolysaccharide xanthan from xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris 646 after fusing nso myeloma cells and spleen cells from balb/c mice immunized with xanthan. four hybridomas, secreting antibodies designated a6 (igm kappa), b3 (igm kappa), d1 (igm kappa), and d3 (igg2a kappa), were selected for further studies. all antibodies reacted with a range of different xanthans. competition studies using variants of the ex ...	1989	2621443
a translational enhancer derived from tobacco mosaic virus is functionally equivalent to a shine-dalgarno sequence.	when present at the 5' end of mrnas, the untranslated leader sequence (omega) of tobacco mosaic virus rna significantly enhances translation in eukaryotes and prokaryotes. we have tested a deletion derivative of the omega sequence, omega delta 3, for its enhancing ability on gene constructs in which the ribosomal binding site was either present or deleted, in several gram-negative bacterial species including escherichia coli, agrobacterium tumefaciens, xanthomonas campestris pv. vitians, erwinia ...	1989	2643095
a new protein subunit k for rna polymerase from xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae.	during the purification of rna polymerase from xanthomonas campestris pv. oryzae, a new subunit named k was found to be associated with this enzyme. the removal of subunit k from holoenzyme by deae-cellulose column chromatography results in a decrease in specific activity of the enzyme. the readdition of subunit k to subunit k-depleted holoenzyme results in restoration of enzymatic activity. subunit k increase the activity of rna polymerase; the activation was in proportion to the concentration ...	1989	2647734
genetic and biochemical analysis of protein export from xanthomonas campestris.	xanthomonas campestris pv. campestris, a gram-negative phytopathogen, produces a number of extracellular enzymes which can degrade components of the host plant cell. some non-pathogenic mutants, derived by chemical mutagenesis, were found to be defective in the export but not the synthesis of a number of these enzymes. the pathogenicity and export lesions in one such mutant, strain 8288, could be complemented by a cosmid clone pij3000 from the xanthomonas library. mutagenesis of pij3000 with the ...	1989	2693461
kinetics of xanthan production when nh3-n limits biomass synthesis and glucose limits polysaccharide synthesis.	the bacterium xanthomonas campestris, which synthesizes the commercially important polysaccharide xanthan, was grown aseptically in 1.2 l fermenters using semicontinuous cell culture technique (d' = 0.0035 h-1). the effects of carbon-substrate concentration on xanthan production were investigated at three initial glucose concentrations (go = 15, 20, 25 g/l). cell biomass synthesis was nitrogen-limited by use of a chemically defined medium that contained nh3-n as the sole nitrogen source at a con ...	1989	2733412
[characterization of xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae, causal agent of the bacterial spot of squash].	bacterial leaf spot of squash was characterized for the first time in argentina. cultural, physiological, morphological and cross-infection tests on cucurbitaceae showed that the pathogen was xanthomonas campestris pv. cucurbitae (bryan) dye. the bacterium isolated from winter squash proved pathogenic for pumpkin, winter squash, cucumber and watermelon but no for muskmelon.	1989	2748850
influence of acetyl and pyruvate substituents on the solution properties of xanthan polysaccharide.	xanthan, an exocellular polysaccharide produced by the plant pathogenic bacterium xanthomonas campestris has been the subject of considerable interest in recent years because of its unusual rheological properties in solution ('weak gel') and consequent range of applications. the polymer consists of a cellulosic backbone with trisaccharide side chains linked to alternate backbone residues; acetyl and pyruvate substituents are carried in variable amounts on these side chains. in this study a serie ...	1990	2078534