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wses consensus conference: guidelines for first-line management of intra-abdominal infections.intra-abdominal infections are still associated with high rate of morbidity and mortality.a multidisciplinary approach to the management of patients with intra-abdominal infections may be an important factor in the quality of care. the presence of a team of health professionals from various disciplines, working in concert, may improve efficiency, outcome, and the cost of care.a world society of emergency surgery (wses) consensus conference was held in bologna on july 2010, during the 1st congres ...201121232143
prevalence, aetiology and antibiotic resistance profiles of coagulase negative staphylococci isolated in a teaching hospital.in this paper we carried out a study about prevalence of the clinically significant coagulase negative staphylococcal (cns) isolates found in an university hospital. two hundred four cns isolates from 191 patients obtained between the period of 1998 to 2002, were studied. about 27% (52/191) of the infection cases studied were confirmed as cns-associated diseases. blood stream infection (bsi) was the most frequent cns associated-disease (25%; 13/52). the great majority of the bsi was verified in ...201124031628
optimization of acid black 172 decolorization by electrocoagulation using response surface methodology.this paper utilizes a statistical approach, the response surface optimization methodology, to determine the optimum conditions for the acid black 172 dye removal efficiency from aqueous solution by electrocoagulation. the experimental parameters investigated were initial ph: 4-10; initial dye concentration: 0-600 mg/l; applied current: 0.5-3.5 a and reaction time: 3-15 min. these parameters were changed at five levels according to the central composite design to evaluate their effects on decolor ...201223369574
new approaches to the study of sepsis.models of sepsis have been instructive in understanding the sequence of events in animals and, to an extent, in humans with sepsis. events developing early in sepsis suggest that a hyperinflammatory state exists, accompanied by a buildup of oxidants in tissues reflective of a redox imbalance. development of immunosuppression and degraded innate and adaptive immune responses are well-established complications of sepsis. in addition, there is robust activation of the complement system, which contr ...201223208733
closed trauma, mycoplasma hominis osteomyelitis, and the elusive diagnosis of good's syndrome.mycoplasma hominis septic arthritis has a well-established association with hypogammaglobulinaemia, but is rarely seen in immunocompetent hosts. an association also exists with a closed trauma and a predisposition to m hominis bone infections. in this clinical case report, a patient with m hominis osteomyelitis following a closed trauma was diagnosed using 16s ribosomal studies, and led to the diagnosis of a severe underlying immunodeficiency syndrome known as good's syndrome.201223188847
comparative genomics and transcriptomics of trait-gene association.the order rickettsiales includes important tick-borne pathogens, from rickettsia rickettsii, which causes rocky mountain spotted fever, to anaplasma marginale, the most prevalent vector-borne pathogen of cattle. although most pathogens in this order are transmitted by arthropod vectors, little is known about the microbial determinants of transmission. a. marginale provides unique tools for studying the determinants of transmission, with multiple strain sequences available that display distinct a ...201223181781
complex small-molecule architectures regulate phenotypic plasticity in a nematode.chemistry the worm's way: the nematode pristionchus pacificus constructs elaborate small molecules from modified building blocks of primary metabolism, including an unusual xylopyranose-based nucleoside (see scheme). these compounds act as signaling molecules to control adult phenotypic plasticity and dauer development and provide examples of modular generation of structural diversity in metazoans.201223161728
etiology of thrombocytosis in a general medicine population: analysis of 801 cases with emphasis on infectious causes.the clinical importance of an elevated platelet count is often overlooked, particularly as a diagnostic clue to the presence of an underlying infection. we sought to better describe the relationship between thrombocytosis and inflammatory conditions, with a focus on infectious causes.201223226175
the inflammatory response in sepsis.the pathophysiology of sepsis and its accompanying systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) and the events that lead to multiorgan failure and death are poorly understood. it is known that, in septic humans and rodents, the development of sirs is associated with a loss of the redox balance, but sirs can also develop in noninfectious states. in addition, a hyperinflammatory state develops, together with impaired innate immune functions of phagocytes, immunosuppression, and complement activa ...201223036432
the inflammatory response in sepsis.the pathophysiology of sepsis and its accompanying systemic inflammatory response syndrome (sirs) and the events that lead to multiorgan failure and death are poorly understood. it is known that, in septic humans and rodents, the development of sirs is associated with a loss of the redox balance, but sirs can also develop in noninfectious states. in addition, a hyperinflammatory state develops, together with impaired innate immune functions of phagocytes, immunosuppression, and complement activa ...201223036432
chemoselective hydroxyl group transformation: an elusive target.the selective reaction of one functional group in the presence of others is not a trivial task. a noteworthy amount of research has been dedicated to the chemoselective reaction of the hydroxyl moiety. this group is prevalent in many biologically important molecules including natural products and proteins. however, targeting the hydroxyl group is difficult for many reasons including its relatively low nucleophilicity in comparison to other ubiquitous functional groups such as amines and thiols. ...201222695722
engineering of acetyl-coa metabolism for the improved production of polyhydroxybutyrate in saccharomyces cerevisiae.through metabolic engineering microorganisms can be engineered to produce new products and further produce these with higher yield and productivities. here, we expressed the bacterial polyhydroxybutyrate (phb) pathway in the yeast saccharomyces cerevisiae and we further evaluated the effect of engineering the formation of acetyl coenzyme a (acetyl-coa), an intermediate of the central carbon metabolism and precursor of the phb pathway, on heterologous phb production by yeast. we engineered the ac ...201223009357
detection of mycobacterium tuberculosis glcb or hspx antigens or devr dna impacts the rapid diagnosis of tuberculous meningitis in children.tuberculous meningitis (tbm) is the most common form of neurotuberculosis and the fifth most common form of extrapulmonary tb. early diagnosis and prompt treatment are the cornerstones of effective disease management. the accurate diagnosis of tbm poses a challenge due to an extensive differential diagnosis, low bacterial load and paucity of cerebrospinal fluid (csf) especially in children.201222984534
interspecies modulation of bacterial development through iron competition and siderophore piracy.while soil-dwelling actinomycetes are renowned for secreting natural products, little is known about the roles of these molecules in mediating actinomycete interactions. in a previous co-culture screen, we found that one actinomycete, amycolatopsis sp. aa4, inhibited aerial hyphae formation in adjacent colonies of streptomyces coelicolor. a siderophore, amychelin, mediated this developmental arrest. here we present genetic evidence that confirms the role of the amc locus in the production of amy ...201222931126
changes in gram negative microorganisms' resistance pattern during 4 years period in a referral teaching hospital; a surveillance study. 201223351308
biological activities of various extracts and chemical composition of trigonella monantha c. a. mey. subsp. monantha grown in iran.the objective of this research was to study the biological activities of various extracts and the chemical composition of the essential oil trigonella monantha c. a. mey. subsp. monantha by gas chromatography (gc) and gas chromatography-mass spectroscopy (gc-ms), from the compounds derived from the aerial parts. the overall results of t. monantha tests allow us to conclude various extracts [hexane extract (he), methanol extract (me) and chloroform extract (ce)] of the test total phenolic, abts a ...201224250546
the shared antibiotic resistome of soil bacteria and human pathogens.soil microbiota represent one of the ancient evolutionary origins of antibiotic resistance and have been proposed as a reservoir of resistance genes available for exchange with clinical pathogens. using a high-throughput functional metagenomic approach in conjunction with a pipeline for the de novo assembly of short-read sequence data from functional selections (termed parfums), we provide evidence for recent exchange of antibiotic resistance genes between environmental bacteria and clinical pat ...201222936781
an effective strategy for a whole-cell biosensor based on putative effector interaction site of the regulatory dmpr protein.the detection of bioavailable phenol is a very important issue in environmental and human hazard assessment. despite modest developments recently, there is a stern need for development of novel biosensors with high sensitivity for priority phenol pollutants. dmpr (dimethyl phenol regulatory protein), an ntrc-like regulatory protein for the phenol degradation of pseudomonas sp. strain cf600, represents an attractive biosensor regimen. thus, we sought to design a novel biosensor by modifying the p ...201222937060
predictors of hospital-acquired urinary tract-related bloodstream infection.bloodstream infection (bsi) secondary to nosocomial urinary tract infection is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality, and additional financial costs. our objective was to identify predictors of nosocomial urinary tract-related bsi.201222961019
the role of ca²⁺ in the activity of mycobacterium tuberculosis dna gyrase.dna gyrase is the only type ii topoisomerase in mycobacterium tuberculosis and needs to catalyse dna supercoiling, relaxation and decatenation reactions in order to fulfil the functions normally carried out by gyrase and dna topoisomerase iv in other bacteria. we have obtained evidence for the existence of a ca(2+)-binding site in the gyra subunit of m. tuberculosis gyrase. ca(2+) cannot support topoisomerase reactions in the absence of mg(2+), but partial removal of ca(2+) from gyra by dialysis ...201222844097
significance of bacteria in oviposition and larval development of the sand fly lutzomyia longipalpis.microbial ecology of phlebotomine sand flies is not well understood although bacteria likely play an important role in the sand fly biology and vector capacity for leishmania parasites. in this study, we assessed the significance of the microbial community of rabbit feces in oviposition and larval development of lutzomyia longipalpis as well as bacterial colonization of the gut of freshly emerged flies.201222827861
evaluation of n-butylbenzenesulfonamide (nbbs) neurotoxicity in sprague-dawley male rats following 27-day oral exposure.n-butylbenzenesulfonamide (nbbs) is widely used as a plasticizer in polyacetals, polyamides, and polycarbonates and has been found in ground water and effluent from wastewater treatment sites. the compound is lipophilic and distributes rapidly to the brain but also clears rapidly and shows little evidence of accumulation. limited studies in the literature report neurotoxicity of nbbs in rabbits and rats. adult sprague-dawley male rats (harlan) received corn oil vehicle or nbbs (100, 200, or 400m ...201222824510
spatial heterogeneity of bacteria: evidence from hot composts by culture-independent analysis.the phylogenetic diversity of the bacteria in hot composting samples collected from three spatial locations was investigated by molecular tools in order to determine the influence of gradient effect on bacterial communities during the thermophilic phase of composting swine manure with rice straw. total microbial dna was extracted and bacterial near full-length 16s rrna genes were subsequently amplified, cloned, restriction fragment length polymorphism-screened and sequenced. the superstratum sam ...201225049662
clinical profile and predictors of mortality of severe pandemic (h1n1) 2009 virus infection needing intensive care: a multi-centre prospective study from south india.this multi-center study from india details the profile and outcomes of patients admitted to the intensive care unit (icu) with pandemic influenza a (h1n1) 2009 virus [p(h1n1)2009v] infection.201223055645
novel amidases of two aminobacter sp. strains: biotransformation experiments and elucidation of gene sequences.the amidase activities of two aminobacter sp. strains (dsm24754 and dsm24755) towards the aryl-substituted substrates phenylhydantoin, indolylmethyl hydantoin, d,l-6-phenyl-5,6-dihydrouracil (phedu) and para-chloro-d,l-6-phenyl-5,6-dihydrouracil were compared. both strains showed hydantoinase and dihydropyrimidinase activity by hydrolyzing all substrates to the corresponding n-carbamoyl-α- or n-carbamoyl-β-amino acids. however, carbamoylase activity and thus a further degradation of these produc ...201222738219
optimization of extracellular thermophilic highly alkaline lipase from thermophilic bacillus sp isolated from hotspring of arunachal pradesh, india.studies on lipase production were carried out with a bacterial strain (bacillus sp lbn 2) isolated from soil sample of hotspring of arunachal pradesh, india. the cells were cultivated in a mineral medium with maximum production at 1% groundnut oil. the optimum temperature and initial medium ph for lipase production by the organism were 50(0)c and 9.0 respectively. the molecular mass was found to be 33kda by sds page. the optimal ph and temperature for activity were 10 and 60(0)c respectively. th ...201224031801
midgut microbiota of the malaria mosquito vector anopheles gambiae and interactions with plasmodium falciparum infection.the susceptibility of anopheles mosquitoes to plasmodium infections relies on complex interactions between the insect vector and the malaria parasite. a number of studies have shown that the mosquito innate immune responses play an important role in controlling the malaria infection and that the strength of parasite clearance is under genetic control, but little is known about the influence of environmental factors on the transmission success. we present here evidence that the composition of the ...201222693451
pyrosequencing the bemisia tabaci transcriptome reveals a highly diverse bacterial community and a robust system for insecticide resistance.bemisia tabaci (gennadius) is a phloem-feeding insect poised to become one of the major insect pests in open field and greenhouse production systems throughout the world. the high level of resistance to insecticides is a main factor that hinders continued use of insecticides for suppression of b. tabaci. despite its prevalence, little is known about b. tabaci at the genome level. to fill this gap, an invasive b. tabaci b biotype was subjected to pyrosequencing-based transcriptome analysis to ide ...201222558125
accuracy of rapid tests for malaria and treatment outcomes for malaria and non-malaria cases among under-five children in rural ghana.who now recommends test-based management of malaria across all transmission settings. the accuracy of rapid diagnostic test (rdt) and the outcome of treatment based on the result of tests will influence acceptability of and adherence to the new guidelines.201222514617
mineralization of acephate, a recalcitrant organophosphate insecticide is initiated by a pseudomonad in environmental samples.an aerobic bacterium capable of breaking down the pesticide acephate (o,s-dimethyl acetyl phosphoramidothioic acid) was isolated from activated sludge collected from a pesticide manufacturing facility. a phylogenetic tree based on the 16 s rrna gene sequence determined that the isolate lies within the pseudomonads. the isolate was able to grow in the presence of acephate at concentrations up to 80 mm, with maximum growth at 40 mm. hplc and lc-ms/ms analysis of spent medium from growth experiment ...201222496729
changes in bacterial composition of zucchini flowers exposed to refrigeration temperatures.microbial spoilage is one of the main factors affecting the quality of fresh fruits and vegetables, leading to off-flavor, fermented aroma, and tissue decay. the knowledge of microbial growth kinetics is essential for estimating a correct risk assessment associated with consuming raw vegetables and better managing the development of spoilage microorganisms. this study shows, for the first time, that only a part of total microbial community, originally present on fresh harvested female zucchini f ...201222566759
two separate gene clusters encode the biosynthetic pathway for the meroterpenoids austinol and dehydroaustinol in aspergillus nidulans.meroterpenoids are a class of fungal natural products that are produced from polyketide and terpenoid precursors. an understanding of meroterpenoid biosynthesis at the genetic level should facilitate engineering of second-generation molecules and increasing production of first-generation compounds. the filamentous fungus aspergillus nidulans has previously been found to produce two meroterpenoids, austinol and dehydroaustinol. using targeted deletions that we created, we have determined that, su ...201222329759
saber: a computational method for identifying active sites for new reactions.a software suite, saber (selection of active/binding sites for enzyme redesign), has been developed for the analysis of atomic geometries in protein structures, using a geometric hashing algorithm (barker and thornton, bioinformatics 2003;19:1644-1649). saber is used to explore the protein data bank (pdb) to locate proteins with a specific 3d arrangement of catalytic groups to identify active sites that might be redesigned to catalyze new reactions. as a proof-of-principle test, saber was used t ...201222492397
early surgical debridement in the management of infectious scleritis after pterygium excision.the purpose of this study was to report outcomes of infectious scleritis after pterygium surgery, managed with antibiotic therapies and early scleral debridement.201222354483
structural characterization of zn(ii)-, co(ii)-, and mn(ii)-loaded forms of the arge-encoded n-acetyl-l-ornithine deacetylase from escherichia coli.the zn, co, and mn k-edge extended x-ray absorption fine structure (exafs) spectra of the n-acetyl-l-ornithine deacetylase (arge) from escherichia coli, loaded with one or two equivalents of divalent metal ions (i.e., [zn(ii)_(arge)], [zn(ii)zn(ii)(arge)], [co(ii)_(arge)], [co(ii)co(ii)(arge)], [mn(ii)_(arge)], and [mn(ii)mn(ii)(arge)]), were recorded. the fourier transformed data (ft) for [zn(ii)_(arge)], [zn(ii)zn(ii)(arge)], [co(ii)_(arge)] and [co(ii)co(ii)(arge)] are dominated by a peak at ...201222459917
current status on biochemistry and molecular biology of microbial degradation of nicotine.bioremediation is one of the most promising methods to clean up polluted environments using highly efficient potent microbes. microbes with specific enzymes and biochemical pathways are capable of degrading the tobacco alkaloids including highly toxic heterocyclic compound, nicotine. after the metabolic conversion, these nicotinophilic microbes use nicotine as the sole carbon, nitrogen, and energy source for their growth. various nicotine degradation pathways such as demethylation pathway in fun ...201324470788
community acquired bacteremia by sphingomonas paucimobilis: two rare case reports.s.paucimobilis has a diverse nutritional substrate spectrum and found in both environmental and hospital settings. sphingomonas paucimobilis is rarely isolated from clinical specimen. this low virulence organism since has been reported to cause a variety of diseases since 1979. it has been reported to be associated with both community acquired and nosocomial diseases including bacteremia, catheter related sepsis, diarrhoeal diseases, peritonitis, meningitis, cutaneous infections, endopthalmitis, ...201324551684
microbial community dynamics and effect of environmental microbial reservoirs on red-backed salamanders (plethodon cinereus).beneficial cutaneous bacteria on amphibians can protect against the lethal disease chytridiomycosis, which has devastated many amphibian species and is caused by the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. we describe the diversity of bacteria on red-backed salamanders (plethodon cinereus) in the wild and the stability of these communities through time in captivity using culture-independent illumina 16s rrna gene sequencing. after field sampling, salamanders were housed with soil from the field o ...201324335825
microbial community dynamics and effect of environmental microbial reservoirs on red-backed salamanders (plethodon cinereus).beneficial cutaneous bacteria on amphibians can protect against the lethal disease chytridiomycosis, which has devastated many amphibian species and is caused by the fungus batrachochytrium dendrobatidis. we describe the diversity of bacteria on red-backed salamanders (plethodon cinereus) in the wild and the stability of these communities through time in captivity using culture-independent illumina 16s rrna gene sequencing. after field sampling, salamanders were housed with soil from the field o ...201324335825
cryotolerance strategies of pseudomonads isolated from the rhizosphere of himalayan plants.the cold stress biology of psychrotrophic pseudomonas strains isolated from the rhizosphere of himalayan plants have been explored to evaluate their cryotolerance characteristcs. pseudomonas strains were examined for stress metabolites, viz., exopolysaccharide (eps) production, intracellular sugar, polyols and amino acid content, ice nucleation activity, and their freezing survival at -10 and -40°c, respectively. high freezing survival was observed for the pseudomonas strains that were grown at ...201324363982
new and alternative approaches to tackling antibiotic resistance.multidrug-resistant bacteria are becoming more common and due to their multiplicity of mechanisms, they are frequently resistant to many if not all of the current antibiotics. this daunting spectre has been the target of many research efforts into conventional antibiotics and alternative approaches. this review focuses on the more recent advances in these fields with an overview on peptidomimetics, nanoparticles and their derivatives, fimh inhibitors, quorum sensing inhibition molecules, neoglyc ...201324381727
midgut microbial community of culex quinquefasciatus mosquito populations from india.the mosquito culex quinquefasciatus is a ubiquitous species that serves as a major vector for west nile virus and lymphatic filariasis. ingestion of bloodmeal by females triggers a series of physiological processes in the midgut and also exposes them to infection by these pathogens. the bacteria normally harbored in the midgut are known to influence physiology and can also alter the response to various pathogens. the midgut bacteria in female cx. quinquefasciatus mosquitoes collected over a larg ...201324312223
utilization of oleo-chemical industry by-products for biosurfactant production.biosurfactants are the surface active compounds produced by micro-organisms. the eco-friendly and biodegradable nature of biosurfactants makes their usage more advantageous over chemical surfactants. biosurfactants encompass the properties of dropping surface tension, stabilizing emulsions, promoting foaming and are usually non- toxic and biodegradable. biosurfactants offer advantages over their synthetic counterparts in many applications ranging from environmental, food, and biomedical, cosmeti ...201324262384
commensal bacteria-dependent indole production enhances epithelial barrier function in the colon.microbiota have been shown to have a great influence on functions of intestinal epithelial cells (ecs). the role of indole as a quorum-sensing (qs) molecule mediating intercellular signals in bacteria has been well appreciated. however, it remains unknown whether indole has beneficial effects on maintaining intestinal barriers in vivo. in this study, we analyzed the effect of indole on ecs using a germ free (gf) mouse model. gf mice showed decreased expression of junctional complex molecules in ...201324278294
antimicrobial activity of heterotrophic bacterial communities from the marine sponge erylus discophorus (astrophorida, geodiidae).heterotrophic bacteria associated with two specimens of the marine sponge erylus discophorus were screened for their capacity to produce bioactive compounds against a panel of human pathogens (staphylococcus aureus wild type and methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), bacillus subtilis, pseudomonas aeruginosa, acinetobacter baumanii, candida albicans and aspergillus fumigatus), fish pathogen (aliivibrio fischeri) and environmentally relevant bacteria (vibrio harveyi). the sponges were collected ...201324236081
antibacterial activity of rhizome of curcuma aromatica and partial purification of active compounds.the hexane extract of curcuma aromatica, a plant belonging to the family zingiberaceae was tested on 10 bacterial strains (clinical isolates and standard strains). agar diffusion method was adopted for determining the antibacterial activity of the extract. the hexane extract was found to be active against all gram-positive strains tested, but inactive against gram-negative strains. the minimum inhibitory concentration and minimum bactericidal concentration were determined and found to be 539 μg/ ...201324591751
a microfluidic bioreactor with in situ sers imaging for the study of controlled flow patterns of biofilm precursor materials.a microfluidic bioreactor with an easy to fabricate nano-plasmonic surface is demonstrated for studies of biofilms and their precursor materials via surface enhanced raman spectroscopy (sers). the system uses a novel design to induce sheath flow confinement of a sodium citrate biofilm precursor stream against the sers imaging surface to measure spatial variations in the concentration profile. the unoptimised sers enhancement was approximately 2.5 × 10(4), thereby improving data acquisition time, ...201324172286
statistically optimized biotransformation protocol for continuous production of l-dopa using mucuna monosperma callus culture.l-dopa (3,4-dihydroxyphenyl-l-alanine), a modified amino acid, is an expansively used drug for the parkinson's disease treatment. in the present study, optimization of nutritional parameters influencing l-dopa production was attempted using the response surface methodology (rsm) from mucuna monosperma callus. optimization of the four factors was carried out using the box-behnken design. the optimized levels of factors predicted by the model include tyrosine 0.894 g l(-1), ph 4.99, ascorbic acid ...201325674405
prevalence and antibiogram of extended spectrum β-lactamase (esbl) producing gram negative bacilli and further molecular characterization of esbl producing escherichia coli and klebsiella spp.resistance to a wide variety of common antimicrobials has made the proliferation of extended spectrum β-lactmase (esbl) producing strains a serious global health concern that has complicated treatment strategies. the high proportion of esbl producers among the enterobacteriaceae and the complex molecular epidemiology with diverse types of esbl genes are alarming. this study was undertaken to identify esbl production in various gram negative bacilli isolated and to further characterize esbl produ ...201324298468
3d structure modeling of alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase from xanthomonas rubrilineans.alpha-amino acid ester hydrolase (ec 3.1.1.43, aeh) is a promising biocatalyst for the production of semi-synthetic β-lactam antibiotics, penicillins and cephalosporins. the aeh gene from xanthomonas rubrilineans (xraeh) was recently cloned in this laboratory. the three-dimensional structure of xraeh was simulated using the homology modeling method for rational design experiments. the analysis of the active site was performed, and its structure was specified. the key amino acid residues in the a ...201324455184
infectious scleritis: clinical spectrum and management outcomes in india.in this retrospective case series, we studied the predisposing factors, causative organisms, clinical spectrum, and outcomes of 12 cases of culture-proven infectious scleritis. nine of 12 patients had a history of preceding trauma (surgical or accidental). past surgical history included small-incision cataract surgery (4), pterygium surgery (1), and trabeculectomy (1). six patients had multifocal scleral abscesses due to pseudomonas, klebsiella, or nocardia. only 2 patients retained useful visio ...201324212312
food, pathogen, signal: the multifaceted nature of a bacterial diet.c. elegans, both in the wild and in the lab, live on a diet of live bacteria. the bacterial diet provides nutrients for c. elegans, but can also play a number of other roles in c. elegans physiology. recently, we compared the effects of different bacterial diets on life history traits and gene expression. here, we discuss our recent findings in the context of other dietary studies and highlight challenges in understanding dietary effects. for instance, since bacteria can be pathogenic it can be ...201324744980
identification of a histidine metal ligand in the arge-encoded n-acetyl-l-ornithine deacetylase from escherichia coli.the h355a, h355k, h80a, and h80k mutant enzymes of the arge-encoded n-acetyl-l-ornithine deacetylase (arge) from escherichia coli were prepared, however, only the h355a enzyme was found to be soluble. kinetic analysis of the co(ii)-loaded h355a exhibited activity levels that were 380-fold less than co(ii)-loaded wt arge. electronic absorption spectra of co(ii)-loaded h355a-arge indicate that the bound co(ii) ion resides in a distorted, five-coordinate environment and isothermal titration calorim ...201325674394
light based anti-infectives: ultraviolet c irradiation, photodynamic therapy, blue light, and beyond.owing to the worldwide increase in antibiotic resistance, researchers are investigating alternative anti-infective strategies to which it is supposed microorganisms will be unable to develop resistance. prominent among these strategies, is a group of approaches which rely on light to deliver the killing blow. as is well known, ultraviolet light, particularly uvc (200-280 nm), is germicidal, but it has not been much developed as an anti-infective approach until recently, when it was realized that ...201324060701
characterization of epiphytic bacterial communities from grapes, leaves, bark and soil of grapevine plants grown, and their relations.despite its importance in plant health and crop quality, the diversity of epiphytic bacteria on grape berries and other plant parts, like leaves and bark, remains poorly described, as does the role of telluric bacteria in plant colonization. in this study, we compare the bacterial community size and structure in vineyard soils, as well as on grapevine bark, leaves and berries. analyses of culturable bacteria revealed differences in the size and structure of the populations in each ecosystem. the ...201324023666
loss of competition in the outside host environment generates outbreaks of environmental opportunist pathogens.environmentally transmitted pathogens face ecological interactions (e.g., competition, predation, parasitism) in the outside-host environment and host immune system during infection. despite the ubiquitousness of environmental opportunist pathogens, traditional epidemiology focuses on obligatory pathogens incapable of environmental growth. here we ask how competitive interactions in the outside-host environment affect the dynamics of an opportunist pathogen. we present a model coupling the class ...201324244752
bacteriuria amongst pregnant women in the buea health district, cameroon: prevalence, predictors, antibiotic susceptibility patterns and diagnosis.bacteriuria is associated with significant maternal and foetal risks. however, its prevalence is not known in our community.201323976983
randomized controlled trial to reduce bacterial colonization of surgical drains after breast and axillary operations.to determine whether bacterial colonization of drains can be reduced by local antiseptic interventions.201323518704
culture-independent investigation of the microbiome associated with the nematode acrobeloides maximus.symbioses between metazoans and microbes are widespread and vital to many ecosystems. recent work with several nematode species has suggested that strong associations with microbial symbionts may also be common among members of this phylu. in this work we explore possible symbiosis between bacteria and the free living soil bacteriovorous nematode acrobeloides maximus.201323894287
pivotal role of p450-p450 interactions in cyp3a4 allostery: the case of α-naphthoflavone.we investigated the relationship between oligomerization of cyp3a4 (cytochrome p450 3a4) and its response to anf (α-naphthoflavone), a prototypical heterotropic activator. the addition of anf resulted in over a 2-fold increase in the rate of cyp3a4-dependent debenzylation of 7-bfc [7-benzyloxy-4-(trifluoromethyl)coumarin] in hlm (human liver microsomes), but failed to produce activation in bd supersomes or baculosomes containing recombinant cyp3a4 and nadph-cpr (cytochrome p450 reductase). howev ...201323651100
diversity and phylogenetic analyses of bacteria from a shallow-water hydrothermal vent in milos island (greece).studies of shallow-water hydrothermal vents have been lagging behind their deep-sea counterparts. hence, the importance of these systems and their contribution to the local and regional diversity and biogeochemistry is unclear. this study analyzes the bacterial community along a transect at the shallow-water hydrothermal vent system of milos island, greece. the abundance and biomass of the prokaryotic community is comparable to areas not affected by hydrothermal activity and was, on average, 1.3 ...201323847607
responses of soil bacterial and fungal communities to extreme desiccation and rewetting.the microbial response to summer desiccation reflects adaptation strategies, setting the stage for a large rainfall-induced soil co2 pulse upon rewetting, an important component of the ecosystem carbon budget. in three california annual grasslands, the present (dna-based) and potentially active (rna-based) soil bacterial and fungal communities were tracked over a summer season and in response to controlled rewetting of intact soil cores. phylogenetic marker genes for bacterial (16s) and fungal ( ...201323823489
postoperative differences between colonization and infection after pediatric cardiac surgery-a propensity matched analysis.the objective of this study was to identify the postoperative risk factors associated with the conversion of colonization to postoperative infection in pediatric patients undergoing cardiac surgery.201323819455
quality parameters, fatty acid profiling and estimation of umbelliferone in grahaṇimihira tailam: an ayurvedic oil preparation.grahaṇimihira tailam is an unexplored ayurvedic oil preparation which consists of 34 ingredients. the efficacy of this traditional ayurvedic medicine is undisputable. proper clinical standardization of this formulation will go a long way in securing greater recognition for it. the main objective of this study was to develop standardization parameters for the formulation in a multidisciplinary way.201325161324
a novel approach for pathogen reduction in wastewater treatment.many sewage waste treatment systems are aiming for complete pathogen removal which necessitates search for novel approaches that does not harm the environment. one such novel approach is exploring the possibilities of bacteriophages for pathogen removal. hospital wastewater was collected from different locations of tamil nadu and used for the study. the total heterotroph and total coliform population ranged from 1.6 × 105 to 8.3 × 106 per ml and from 1.2 × 103 to 1.6 × 103/ 100 ml of sample resp ...201324499588
atrazine removal from aqueous solutions using submerged biological aerated filter.atrazine is widely used in the agriculture as an herbicide. due to its high mobility, atrazine leaks into the groundwaters, surface waters, and drinking water wells. many physical and chemical methods have been suggested for removing atrazine from aquatic environments. however, these methods are very costly, have many performance problems, produce a lot of toxic intermediates which are very harmful and dangerous, and cannot completely mineralize atrazine. in this study, biodegradation of atrazin ...201324499572
screening of sds-degrading bacteria from car wash wastewater and study of the alkylsulfatase enzyme activity.sodium dodecyl sulfate (sds) is one of the main surfactant components in detergents and cosmetics, used in high amounts as a detergent in products such as shampoos, car wash soap and toothpaste. therefore, its bioremediation by suitable microorganisms is important. alkylsulfatase is an enzyme that hydrolyses sulfate -ester bonds to give inorganic sulfate and alcohol. the purpose of this study was to isolate sds-degrading bacteria from tehran city car wash wastewater, study bacterial alkylsulfata ...201323825734
fluopsin c induces oncosis of human breast adenocarcinoma cells.fluopsin c, an antibiotic isolated from pseudomonas jinanesis, has shown antitumor effects on several cancer cell lines. in the current study, the oncotic cell death induced by fluopsin c was investigated in human breast adenocarcinoma cells in vitro.201323708552
african mistletoes (loranthaceae); ethnopharmacology, chemistry and medicinal values: an update.mistletoes of the loranthaceae and viscaceae are hemiparasitic plants and their preparations in the form of injectable extracts, infusions, tinctures, fluid extracts or tea bags are widely used in various cultures in almost every continent to treat or manage various health problems including hypertension, diabetes mellitus, inflammatory conditions, irregular menstruations, menopause, epilepsy, arthritis, cancer, etc. the medicinal values of some species of mistletoes (loranthaceae) growing in th ...201324146518
secondary bacterial infections of buruli ulcer lesions before and after chemotherapy with streptomycin and rifampicin.buruli ulcer (bu), caused by mycobacterium ulcerans is a chronic necrotizing skin disease. it usually starts with a subcutaneous nodule or plaque containing large clusters of extracellular acid-fast bacilli. surrounding tissue is destroyed by the cytotoxic macrolide toxin mycolactone produced by microcolonies of m. ulcerans. skin covering the destroyed subcutaneous fat and soft tissue may eventually break down leading to the formation of large ulcers that progress, if untreated, over months and ...201323658847
the role of the intestinal microbiota in the pathogenesis of necrotizing enterocolitis.development of necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) requires a susceptible host, typically a premature infant or an infant with congenital heart disease, enteral feedings and bacterial colonization. although there is little doubt that microbes are critically involved in the pathogenesis of nec, the identity of specific causative pathogens remains elusive. unlike established normal adult gut microbiota, which is quite complex, uniform, and stable, early postnatal bacterial populations are simple, dive ...201323611609
columnaris disease in fish: a review with emphasis on bacterium-host interactions.flavobacterium columnare (f. columnare) is the causative agent of columnaris disease. this bacterium affects both cultured and wild freshwater fish including many susceptible commercially important fish species. f. columnare infections may result in skin lesions, fin erosion and gill necrosis, with a high degree of mortality, leading to severe economic losses. especially in the last decade, various research groups have performed studies aimed at elucidating the pathogenesis of columnaris disease ...201323617544
transcriptional profile of p. syringae pv. phaseolicola nps3121 at low temperature: physiology of phytopathogenic bacteria.low temperatures play key roles in the development of most plant diseases, mainly because of their influence on the expression of various virulence factors in phytopathogenic bacteria. thus far, studies regarding this environmental parameter have focused on specific themes and little is known about phytopathogenic bacteria physiology under these conditions. to obtain a global view regarding phytopathogenic bacteria strategies in response to physiologically relevant temperature changes, we used d ...201323587016
structure of the flavoprotein tryptophan 2-monooxygenase, a key enzyme in the formation of galls in plants.the flavoprotein tryptophan 2-monooxygenase catalyzes the oxidative decarboxylation of tryptophan to yield indole-3-acetamide. this is the initial step in the biosynthesis of the plant growth hormone indole-acetic acid by bacterial pathogens that cause crown gall and related diseases. the structure of the enzyme from pseudomonas savastanoi has been determined by x-ray diffraction methods to a resolution of 1.95 å. the overall structure of the protein shows that it has the same fold as members of ...201323521653
computational mass spectrometry for small molecules.: the identification of small molecules from mass spectrometry (ms) data remains a major challenge in the interpretation of ms data. this review covers the computational aspects of identifying small molecules, from the identification of a compound searching a reference spectral library, to the structural elucidation of unknowns. in detail, we describe the basic principles and pitfalls of searching mass spectral reference libraries. determining the molecular formula of the compound can serve as a ...201323453222
the ethnobotanical, phytochemical and mineral analyses of phragmanthera incana (klotzsch), a species of mistletoe growing on three plant hosts in south-western nigeria.mistletoe is collected wildly on various plants and phragmanthera incana is noted to grow on different plant hosts. this study was designed to carry out the ethnobotanical survey, phytochemical and mineral analyses of phragmanthera incana, a species of mistletoe growing on three plant hosts namely cocoa (theobroma cacao), kolanut (cola nitida) and bush mango (irvingia gabonensis). mistletoe samples were identified at the forestry research institute of nigeria herbarium. phragmanthera incana was ...201323675287
antioxidative, antimicrobial and cytotoxic properties of isatis floribunda boiss. ex bornm. extracts.the isatis species has antibacterial, anticancer and antiviral properties and these important endemic plants grow widely in various parts of anatolian-turkey. in the present study, the antioxidant activities of isatis floribunda boiss. ex bornm. flower and root extracts were determined with total antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging activity, ferric ion reducing power, and cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity assay. the total phenolic compounds and flavonoids were also examined for ...201326417224
the spectrum of acute bacterial meningitis in elderly patients.we conducted a prospective, observational study in barcelona to determine the epidemiology, clinical features, and outcome of elderly patients with acute bacterial meningitis (abm) compared with younger adults.201323446215
blood stream infection is associated with altered heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine immune responses in very low birth weight infants.sepsis in older children and adults modifies immune system function. we compared serotype-specific antibody responses to heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (pcv7) in very low birth weight infants (<1500 g,vlbws) with and without blood stream infection (bsi) during their birth hospitalization.201323370608
outpatient management following intensive induction or salvage chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia.adults with newly diagnosed or relapsed acute myeloid leukemia (aml) commonly receive intensive chemotherapy to achieve disease remission. in the united states and many other countries, it is standard practice that these patients remain hospitalized "preemptively" until blood count recovery, owing to the risk for overwhelming infections and bleeding during pancytopenia. this care policy requires hospitalization for an average of 3 to 4 weeks after completion of chemotherapy. however, highly effe ...201324518520
low level laser therapy (algainp) applied at 5j/cm2 reduces the proliferation of staphylococcus aureus mrsa in infected wounds and intact skin of rats.laser therapy is a low cost, non-invasive procedure with good healing results. doubts exist as to whether laser therapy action on microorganisms can justify research aimed at investigating its possible effects on bacteria-infected wounds.201323539003
cultivable endophytic bacteria from leaf bases of agave tequilana and their role as plant growth promoters.agave tequilana weber var. 'azul' is grown for the production of tequila, inulin and syrup. diverse bacteria inhabit plant tissues and play a crucial role for plant health and growth. in this study culturable endophytic bacteria were extracted from leaf bases of 100 healthy agave tequilana plants. in plant tissue bacteria occurred at mean population densities of 3 million cfu/g of fresh plant tissue. three hundred endophytic strains were isolated and 16s rdna sequences grouped the bacteria into ...201425763038
cultivable endophytic bacteria from leaf bases of agave tequilana and their role as plant growth promoters.agave tequilana weber var. 'azul' is grown for the production of tequila, inulin and syrup. diverse bacteria inhabit plant tissues and play a crucial role for plant health and growth. in this study culturable endophytic bacteria were extracted from leaf bases of 100 healthy agave tequilana plants. in plant tissue bacteria occurred at mean population densities of 3 million cfu/g of fresh plant tissue. three hundred endophytic strains were isolated and 16s rdna sequences grouped the bacteria into ...201425763038
marine sediments microbes capable of electrode oxidation as a surrogate for lithotrophic insoluble substrate metabolism.little is known about the importance and/or mechanisms of biological mineral oxidation in sediments, partially due to the difficulties associated with culturing mineral-oxidizing microbes. we demonstrate that electrochemical enrichment is a feasible approach for isolation of microbes capable of gaining electrons from insoluble minerals. to this end we constructed sediment microcosms and incubated electrodes at various controlled redox potentials. negative current production was observed in incub ...201425642220
marine sediments microbes capable of electrode oxidation as a surrogate for lithotrophic insoluble substrate metabolism.little is known about the importance and/or mechanisms of biological mineral oxidation in sediments, partially due to the difficulties associated with culturing mineral-oxidizing microbes. we demonstrate that electrochemical enrichment is a feasible approach for isolation of microbes capable of gaining electrons from insoluble minerals. to this end we constructed sediment microcosms and incubated electrodes at various controlled redox potentials. negative current production was observed in incub ...201425642220
bacteria-bacteria interactions within the microbiota of the ancestral metazoan hydra contribute to fungal resistance.epithelial surfaces of most animals are colonized by diverse microbial communities. although it is generally agreed that commensal bacteria can serve beneficial functions, the processes involved are poorly understood. here we report that in the basal metazoan hydra, ectodermal epithelial cells are covered with a multilayered glycocalyx that provides a habitat for a distinctive microbial community. removing this epithelial microbiota results in lethal infection by the filamentous fungus fusarium ...201425514534
bacteria-bacteria interactions within the microbiota of the ancestral metazoan hydra contribute to fungal resistance.epithelial surfaces of most animals are colonized by diverse microbial communities. although it is generally agreed that commensal bacteria can serve beneficial functions, the processes involved are poorly understood. here we report that in the basal metazoan hydra, ectodermal epithelial cells are covered with a multilayered glycocalyx that provides a habitat for a distinctive microbial community. removing this epithelial microbiota results in lethal infection by the filamentous fungus fusarium ...201425514534
bioconversion of α-pinene by a novel cold-adapted fungus chrysosporium pannorum.the psychrotrophic fungus chrysosporium pannorum a-1 is reported for the first time as a novel biocatalyst for o2-promoted oxidation of α-pinene. gc-ms analysis indicated that the main products of the reaction were compounds of a high commercial value, verbenol (1) and verbenone (2). exponentially growing cells (days 2-3) were about twice as active as cells in the late stationary phase in terms of the total concentration of products. the highest yields of 1 and 2 were obtained using three-day an ...201425487757
bioconversion of α-pinene by a novel cold-adapted fungus chrysosporium pannorum.the psychrotrophic fungus chrysosporium pannorum a-1 is reported for the first time as a novel biocatalyst for o2-promoted oxidation of α-pinene. gc-ms analysis indicated that the main products of the reaction were compounds of a high commercial value, verbenol (1) and verbenone (2). exponentially growing cells (days 2-3) were about twice as active as cells in the late stationary phase in terms of the total concentration of products. the highest yields of 1 and 2 were obtained using three-day an ...201425487757
reactive oxygen species mediated bacterial biofilm inhibition via zinc oxide nanoparticles and their statistical determination.the formation of bacterial biofilm is a major challenge in clinical applications. the main aim of this study is to describe the synthesis, characterization and biocidal potential of zinc oxide nanoparticles (nps) against bacterial strain pseudomonas aeruginosa. these nanoparticles were synthesized via soft chemical solution process in a very short time and their structural properties have been investigated in detail by using x-ray diffraction and transmission electron microscopy measurements. in ...201425402188
foliar endophytic fungi as potential protectors from pathogens in myrmecophytic acacia plants.in defensive ant-plant interactions myrmecophytic plants express reduced chemical defense in their leaves to protect themselves from pathogens, and it seems that mutualistic partners are required to make up for this lack of defensive function. previously, we reported that mutualistic ants confer plants of acacia hindsii protection from pathogens, and that the protection is given by the ant-associated bacteria. here, we examined whether foliar endophytic fungi may potentially act as a new partner ...201426843901
detection of metallo-beta lactamases among carbapenem-resistant pseudomonas aeruginosa.carbapenems are important drugs used for the treatment of pseudomonas aeruginosa infections, however metallo-β-lactamases (mbl) are able to efficiently hydrolyze these classes of drugs. immediate detection of the mbl-producing p. aeruginosa is necessary in order to accurately treat infections caused by this organism.201425774271
applying nightingale charts to evaluate the heterogeneity of biomedical waste in a hospital.to evaluate the heterogeneity of biomedical waste (bw) using nightingale charts.201425591088
significance of serum antibodies against hsp 60 and hsp 70 for the diagnostic of infectious diseases.heat shock proteins (hsp) represent important antigenic targets for the immune response, playing an important role in the pathology and infectious diseases control. the purpose of this work was to investigate the levels of hsp60 and hsp70 specific antibodies in the bloodstream of patients with different bacterial infections and cancer, in order to evaluate their potential role as diagnosis markers of different infectious diseases. detection of specific anti-hsp 60 and hsp 70 serum levels was per ...201425483863
dissolving mechanism of strain p17 on insoluble phosphorus of yellow-brown soil.strain p17 was a bacterial strain identified as bacillus megaterium isolated from ground accumulating phosphate rock powder. the fermentation broth of strain p17 and the yellow-brown soil from nanjing agricultural university garden were collected to conduct this study. the simulation of fixed insoluble phosphorous forms after applying calcium superphosphate into yellow-brown soil was performed in pots, while available p and total p of soil were extremely positive correlative with those of ground ...201425477929
membrane bioprocesses for pharmaceutical micropollutant removal from waters.the purpose of this review work is to give an overview of the research reported on bioprocesses for the treatment of domestic or industrial wastewaters (ww) containing pharmaceuticals. conventional ww treatment technologies are not efficient enough to completely remove all pharmaceuticals from water. indeed, these compounds are becoming an actual public health problem, because they are more and more present in underground and even in potable waters. different types of bioprocesses are described ...201425295629
nanomedicine and therapy of lung diseases.the use of nanotechnology has significantly increased in different fields of science, including the development of drug delivery systems. currently, the most modern pharmaceutical nanocarriers, such as liposomes, micelles, nanoemulsions and polymeric nanoparticles, demonstrate extremely useful properties from the point of view of drug therapy. in this context, the development of nanocarriers for pulmonary application has been much debated by the scientific community in recent decades. although r ...201425628213
outcomes of patients with healthcare-associated pneumonia: worse disease or sicker patients?healthcare-associated pneumonia (hcap) is an entity distinct from community-acquired pneumonia (cap). hcap has a higher case-fatality rate, due either to hcap organisms or to the health status of hcap patients. the contribution of hcap criteria to case-fatality rate is unknown.201425222889
the non-canonical hydroxylase structure of yfcm reveals a metal ion-coordination motif required for ef-p hydroxylation.ef-p is a bacterial trna-mimic protein, which accelerates the ribosome-catalyzed polymerization of poly-prolines. in escherichia coli, ef-p is post-translationally modified on a conserved lysine residue. the post-translational modification is performed in a two-step reaction involving the addition of a β-lysine moiety and the subsequent hydroxylation, catalyzed by poxa and yfcm, respectively. the β-lysine moiety was previously shown to enhance the rate of poly-proline synthesis, but the role of ...201425274739
abstracts, 9th german allergy congress, wiesbaden, 2-4 october 2014. 201426120532
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