Publications

16s rrna gene-based analysis of fecal microbiota from preterm infants with and without necrotizing enterocolitis.	neonatal necrotizing enterocolitis (nec) is an inflammatory intestinal disorder affecting preterm infants. intestinal bacteria have an important function; however no causative pathogen has been identified. the purpose of this study was to determine if there are differences in microbial patterns that may be critical to the development of this disease. fecal samples from 20 preterm infants, 10 with nec and 10 matched controls (including 4 twin pairs) were obtained from patients in a single site le ...	2009	19369970
aerobic bacterial microflora of broad-snouted caiman (caiman latirostris) oral cavity and cloaca, originating from parque zoológico arruda câmara, paraíba, brazil.	the objective of this study was to isolate and identify the aerobic bacterial microflora from the oral cavity mucosa and cloaca's samples, collected from broad-snouted caiman (caiman latirostris), born and bred in captivity at parque zoológico arruda câmara, joão pessoa, paraíba, brazil. the most common bacteria were staphylococcus sp. (14.74%), corynebacterium sp. (13.68%), escherichia coli (13.68%) and shigella sp.(11.58%), and the less common were citrobacter sp. (1.05%), klebsiella pneumonia ...	2009	24031343
metagenomic approaches to natural products from free-living and symbiotic organisms.		2009	19844642
atrazine biodegradation in the lab and in the field: enzymatic activities and gene regulation.	atrazine is an herbicide of the s-triazine family that is used primarily as a nitrogen source by degrading microorganisms. while many catabolic pathways for xenobiotics are subjected to catabolic repression by preferential carbon sources, atrazine utilization is repressed in the presence of preferential nitrogen sources. this phenomenon appears to restrict atrazine elimination in nitrogen-fertilized soils by indigenous organisms or in bioaugmentation approaches. the mechanisms of nitrogen contro ...	2009	21261912
early and late onset sepsis in late preterm infants.	preterm birth is increasing worldwide, and late preterm births, which comprise more than 70% of all preterm births, account for much of the increase. early and late onset sepsis results in significant mortality in extremely preterm infants, but little is known about sepsis outcomes in late preterm infants.	2009	19953725
constitutive and regulated expression vectors to construct polyphosphate deficient bacteria.	inorganic polyphosphate (polyp), a polymer of tens or hundreds of phosphate residues linked by atp-like bonds, is found in all organisms and performs a wide variety of functions. polyp is synthesized in bacterial cells by the actions of polyphosphate kinases (ppk1 and ppk2) and degraded by an exopolyphosphatase (ppx). bacterial cells with polyp deficiencies are impaired in many structural and important cellular functions such as motility, quorum sensing, biofilm formation and virulence. knockout ...	2009	19323822
tonb-dependent transporters and their occurrence in cyanobacteria.	different iron transport systems evolved in gram-negative bacteria during evolution. most of the transport systems depend on outer membrane localized tonb-dependent transporters (tbdts), a periplasma-facing tonb protein and a plasma membrane localized machinery (exbbd). so far, iron chelators (siderophores), oligosaccharides and polypeptides have been identified as substrates of tbdts. for iron transport, three uptake systems are defined: the lactoferrin/transferrin binding proteins, the porphyr ...	2009	19821963
crystal structure and functional analysis of the extradiol dioxygenase lapb from a long-chain alkylphenol degradation pathway in pseudomonas.	lapb is a non-heme fe(ii)-dependent 2,3-dioxygenase that catalyzes the second step of a long-chain alkylphenol (lap) degradation pathway in pseudomonas sp. kl28 and belongs to the superfamily of type i extradiol dioxygenases. in this study, the crystal structures of substrate-free lapb and its complexes with a substrate or product were determined, along with a functional analysis of the active site residues. structural features of the homotetramer are similar to those of other type i extradiol d ...	2009	19828456
initial insight into the function of the lysosomal 66.3 kda protein from mouse by means of x-ray crystallography.	the lysosomal 66.3 kda protein from mouse is a soluble, mannose 6-phosphate containing protein of so far unknown function. it is synthesized as a glycosylated 75 kda precursor that undergoes limited proteolysis leading to a 28 kda n- and a 40 kda c-terminal fragment.	2009	19706171
temperature-dependent expression of phzm and its regulatory genes lasi and ptsp in rhizosphere isolate pseudomonas sp. strain m18.	pseudomonas sp. strain m18, an effective biological control agent isolated from the melon rhizosphere, has a genetic background similar to that of the opportunistic human pathogen pseudomonas aeruginosa pao1. however, the predominant phenazine produced by strain m18 is phenazine-1-carboxylic acid (pca) rather than pyocyanin (pyo); the quantitative ratio of pca to pyo is 105 to 1 at 28 degrees c in strain m18, while the ratio is 1 to 2 at 37 degrees c in strain pao1. we first provided evidence th ...	2009	19717631
oral microbial and respiratory status of persons with mental retardation/intellectual and developmental disability: an observational cohort study.	the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of select microorganisms in oral biofilms and to investigate relationships between oral and respiratory status in persons with mental retardation/intellectual and developmental disabilities (idd).	2009	19748295
the effects of maturation on the colonic microflora in infancy and childhood.	the composition of colonic mircoflora and its changes with maturation have rarely been investigated in large samples. methods. we used conventional microbiological testing to analyse the colonic flora (kyberstatus, institut formicroecology, herborn, germany) of stool samples from 12 484 children with different intestinal and nonintestinal diagnoses. stool samples were analysed for total colony forming units (cfu) (per g stool) and the abundance of bifidobacteria, bacteroides sp., escherichia col ...	2009	19763278
the mechanisms of human hotdog-fold thioesterase 2 (hthem2) substrate recognition and catalysis illuminated by a structure and function based analysis.	the focus of this paper is the hotdog-fold thioesterase them2 from human (hthem2; swiss-prot entry q9npj3 ). in an earlier communication (cheng, z., song, f., shan, x., wei, z., wang, y., dunaway-mariano, d., and gong, w. (2006) crystal structure of human thioesterase superfamily member 2, biochem. biophys. res. commun. 349, 172-177) we reported the apo crystal structure of hthem2. herein, we report the results of an extensive hthem2 substrate screen, the structure determination of hthem2 comple ...	2009	19170545
export of recombinant proteins in escherichia coli using abc transporter with an attached lipase abc transporter recognition domain (lard).	abstract:	2009	19178697
organic acid production in vitro and plant growth promotion in maize under controlled environment by phosphate-solubilizing fluorescent pseudomonas.	phosphorus deficiency is a major constraint to crop production due to rapid binding of the applied phosphorus into fixed forms not available to the plants. microbial solubilization of inorganic phosphates has been attributed mainly to the production of organic acids. phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms enhance plant growth under conditions of poor phosphorus availability by solubilizing insoluble phosphates in the soil. this paper describes the production of organic acids during inorganic phos ...	2009	19698133
structural analysis reveals dna binding properties of rv2827c, a hypothetical protein from mycobacterium tuberculosis.	tuberculosis (tb) is a major global health threat caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis (mtb). it is further fueled by the hiv pandemic and by increasing incidences of multidrug resistant mtb-strains. rv2827c, a hypothetical protein from mtb, has been implicated in the survival of mtb in the macrophages of the host. the three-dimensional structure of rv2827c has been determined by the three-wavelength anomalous diffraction technique using bromide-derivatized crystals and refined to a resolution o ...	2009	19184528
identification and characterization of catabolic para-nitrophenol 4-monooxygenase and para-benzoquinone reductase from pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3.	pseudomonas sp. strain wbc-3 utilizes para-nitrophenol (pnp) as a sole source of carbon, nitrogen, and energy. in order to identify the genes involved in this utilization, we cloned and sequenced a 12.7-kb fragment containing a conserved region of nad(p)h:quinone oxidoreductase genes. of the products of the 13 open reading frames deduced from this fragment, pnpa shares 24% identity to the large component of a 3-hydroxyphenylacetate hydroxylase from pseudomonas putida u and pnpb is 58% identical ...	2009	19218392
a rapid crosstalk of human gammadelta t cells and monocytes drives the acute inflammation in bacterial infections.	vgamma9/vdelta2 t cells are a minor subset of t cells in human blood and differ from other t cells by their immediate responsiveness to microbes. we previously demonstrated that the primary target for vgamma9/vdelta2 t cells is (e)-4-hydroxy-3-methyl-but-2-enyl pyrophosphate (hmb-pp), an essential metabolite produced by a large range of pathogens. here we wished to study the consequence of this unique responsiveness in microbial infection. the majority of peripheral vgamma9/vdelta2 t cells share ...	2009	19229322
the sensor kinase tods operates by a multiple step phosphorelay mechanism involving two autokinase domains.	expression of the pseudomonas putida tod operon, which encodes enzymes for toluene metabolism, takes place from the p(todx) promoter and is mediated by the tods/todt two component system. the sensor kinase tods has a complex domain arrangement containing two functional modules, each harboring a sensor- and an autokinase domain and separated by a receiver domain. based on site-directed mutagenesis of phosphoaccepting his-190, asp-500, and his-760 and in vitro transphosphorylation experiments with ...	2009	19240030
a tn5051-like mer-containing transposon identified in a heavy metal tolerant strain achromobacter sp. ao22.	achromobacter sp. ao22 (formerly alcaligenes sp. ao22), a bacterial strain isolated from a lead-contaminated industrial site in australia, was previously found to be resistant to moderate to high levels of mercury, copper and other heavy metals. however, the nature and location of the genetic basis for mercuric ion resistance in this strain, had not been previously identified.	2009	19284535
incidence and severity of respiratory syncytial virus pneumonia in rural kenyan children identified through hospital surveillance.	although necessary for developing a rationale for vaccination, the burden of severe respiratory syncytial virus (rsv) disease in children in resource-poor settings remains poorly defined.	2009	19788358
health-care associated infections rates, length of stay, and bacterial resistance in an intensive care unit of morocco: findings of the international nosocomial infection control consortium (inicc).	most studies related to healthcare-associated infection (hai) were conducted in the developed countries. we sought to determine healthcare-associated infection rates, microbiological profile, bacterial resistance, length of stay (los), and extra mortality in one icu of a hospital member of the international infection control consortium (inicc) in morocco.	2009	19811636
synthesis of rhamnolipid biosurfactant and mode of hexadecane uptake by pseudomonas species.	abstract:	2009	19284586
studies of a ring-cleaving dioxygenase illuminate the role of cholesterol metabolism in the pathogenesis of mycobacterium tuberculosis.	mycobacterium tuberculosis, the etiological agent of tb, possesses a cholesterol catabolic pathway implicated in pathogenesis. this pathway includes an iron-dependent extradiol dioxygenase, hsac, that cleaves catechols. immuno-compromised mice infected with a deltahsac mutant of m. tuberculosis h37rv survived 50% longer than mice infected with the wild-type strain. in guinea pigs, the mutant disseminated more slowly to the spleen, persisted less successfully in the lung, and caused little pathol ...	2009	19300498
structure of the plp degradative enzyme 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid oxygenase from mesorhizobium loti maff303099 and its mechanistic implications.	a vitamin b(6) degradative pathway has recently been identified and characterized in mesorhizobium loti maff303099. one of the enzymes on this pathway, 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid oxygenase (mhpco), is a flavin-dependent enzyme and catalyzes the oxidative ring-opening of 2-methyl-3-hydroxypyridine-5-carboxylic acid to form e-2-(acetamino-methylene)succinate. the gene for this enzyme has been cloned, and the corresponding protein has been overexpressed in escherichia coli and pur ...	2009	19317437
increased diversity of predacious bdellovibrio-like organisms (blos) as a function of eutrophication in kumaon lakes of india.	predation by bdellovibrio-like organisms (blos) results in bacterial community succession in aquatic ecosystems. the effects of nutrient loading on the distribution and phylogeny of blos remain largely unknown. to this end, we present our findings on blo diversity from four north-indian lakes that are variable in their trophic status; nainital is eutrophic, both, bhimtal and naukuchiatal are mesotrophic and sattal remains oligotrophic, respectively. initially, total heterotrophic bacteria and bl ...	2009	19319600
the mechanism of domain alternation in the acyl-adenylate forming ligase superfamily member 4-chlorobenzoate: coenzyme a ligase.	4-chlorobenzoate:coa ligase (cbl) belongs to the adenylate-forming family of enzymes that catalyze a two-step reaction to first activate a carboxylate substrate as an adenylate and then transfer the carboxylate to the pantetheine group of either coenzyme a or an acyl-carrier protein. the active site is located at the interface of a large n-terminal domain and a smaller c-terminal domain. crystallographic structures have been determined at multiple steps along the reaction pathway and form the ba ...	2009	19320426
the dape-encoded n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase from haemophilus influenzae contains two active-site histidine residues.	the catalytic and structural properties of the h67a and h349a dape-encoded n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase (dape) from haemophilus influenzae were investigated. on the basis of sequence alignment with the carboxypeptidase from pseudomonas sp. strain rs-16, both h67 and h349 were predicted to be zn(ii) ligands. the h67a dape enzyme exhibited a decreased catalytic efficiency (180-fold) compared with wild-type (wt) dape towards n-succinyldiaminopimelic acid. no catalytic activity w ...	2009	18712420
resolving genetic functions within microbial populations: in situ analyses using rrna and mrna stable isotope probing coupled with single-cell raman-fluorescence in situ hybridization.	prokaryotes represent one-half of the living biomass on earth, with the vast majority remaining elusive to culture and study within the laboratory. as a result, we lack a basic understanding of the functions that many species perform in the natural world. to address this issue, we developed complementary population and single-cell stable isotope ((13)c)-linked analyses to determine microbial identity and function in situ. we demonstrated that the use of rrna/mrna stable isotope probing (sip) rec ...	2009	18997025
identification of a novel self-sufficient styrene monooxygenase from rhodococcus opacus 1cp.	sequence analysis of a 9-kb genomic fragment of the actinobacterium rhodococcus opacus 1cp led to identification of an open reading frame encoding a novel fusion protein, stya2b, with a putative function in styrene metabolism via styrene oxide and phenylacetic acid. gene cluster analysis indicated that the highly related fusion proteins of nocardia farcinica ifm10152 and arthrobacter aurescens tc1 are involved in a similar physiological process. whereas 413 amino acids of the n terminus of stya2 ...	2009	19482928
the role of the conserved phenylalanine in the sigma54-interacting gaftga motif of bacterial enhancer binding proteins.	sigma(54)-dependent transcription requires activation by bacterial enhancer binding proteins (bebps). bebps are members of the aaa+ (atpases associated with various cellular activities) protein family and typically form hexameric structures that are crucial for their atpase activity. the precise mechanism by which the energy derived from atp hydrolysis is coupled to biological output has several unknowns. here we use escherichia coli pspf, a model bebp involved in the transcription of stress res ...	2009	19692583
analysis of proteins with the 'hot dog' fold: prediction of function and identification of catalytic residues of hypothetical proteins.	the hot dog fold has been found in more than sixty proteins since the first report of its existence about a decade ago. the fold appears to have a strong association with fatty acid biosynthesis, its regulation and metabolism, as the proteins with this fold are predominantly coenzyme a-binding enzymes with a variety of substrates located at their active sites.	2009	19473548
modeling of solvent-dependent conformational transitions in burkholderia cepacia lipase.	the characteristic of most lipases is the interfacial activation at a lipid interface or in non-polar solvents. interfacial activation is linked to a large conformational change of a lid, from a closed to an open conformation which makes the active site accessible for substrates. while for many lipases crystal structures of the closed and open conformation have been determined, the pathway of the conformational transition and possible bottlenecks are unknown. therefore, molecular dynamics simula ...	2009	19476626
inhibition of human folylpolyglutamate synthetase by diastereomeric phosphinic acid mimics of the tetrahedral intermediate.	phosphorus-containing pseudopeptides, racemic at the c-terminal alpha-carbon, are potent mechanism-based inhibitors of folylpolyglutamate synthetase (fpgs). they are mimics of the tetrahedral intermediate postulated to form during fpgs-catalyzed biosynthesis of poly(gamma-l-glutamates). in the present paper, the fpgs inhibitory activity of each diastereomer coupled to three heterocycles is reported. the high r(f) pseudopeptide containing the 5,10-dideazatetrahydropteroyl (ddah(4)pte) heterocycle ...	2009	19563773
metagenomics reveals diversity and abundance of meta-cleavage pathways in microbial communities from soil highly contaminated with jet fuel under air-sparging bioremediation.	the extradiol dioxygenase diversity of a site highly contaminated with aliphatic and aromatic hydrocarbons under air-sparging treatment was assessed by functional screening of a fosmid library in escherichia coli with catechol as substrate. the 235 positive clones from inserts of dna extracted from contaminated soil were equivalent to one extradiol dioxygenase-encoding gene per 3.6 mb of dna screened, indicating a strong selection for genes encoding this function. three subfamilies were identifi ...	2009	19575758
bacterial chemotaxis to atrazine and related s-triazines.	pseudomonas sp. strain adp utilizes the human-made s-triazine herbicide atrazine as the sole nitrogen source. the results reported here demonstrate that atrazine and the atrazine degradation intermediates n-isopropylammelide and cyanuric acid are chemoattractants for strain adp. in addition, the nonmetabolized s-triazine ametryn was also an attractant. the chemotactic response to these s-triazines was not specifically induced during growth with atrazine, and atrazine metabolism was not required ...	2009	19581468
co2 production as an indicator of biofilm metabolism.	biofilms are important in aquatic nutrient cycling and microbial proliferation. in these structures, nutrients like carbon are channeled into the production of extracellular polymeric substances or cell division; both are vital for microbial survival and propagation. the aim of this study was to assess carbon channeling into cellular or noncellular fractions in biofilms. growing in tubular reactors, biofilms of our model strain pseudomonas sp. strain ct07 produced cells to the planktonic phase f ...	2009	19346353
medical bioremediation of age-related diseases.	abstract: catabolic insufficiency in humans leads to the gradual accumulation of a number of pathogenic compounds associated with age-related diseases, including atherosclerosis, alzheimer's disease, and macular degeneration. removal of these compounds is a widely researched therapeutic option, but the use of antibodies and endogenous human enzymes has failed to produce effective treatments, and may pose risks to cellular homeostasis. another alternative is "medical bioremediation," the use of m ...	2009	19358742
two small ncrnas jointly govern virulence and transmission in legionella pneumophila.	to transit from intra- to extracellular environments, legionella pneumophila differentiates from a replicative/non-virulent to a transmissive/virulent form using the two-component system leta/lets and the global repressor protein csra. while investigating how both regulators act co-ordinately we characterized two ncrnas, rsmy and rsmz, that link the leta/lets and csra regulatory networks. we demonstrate that leta directly regulates their expression and show that rsmy and rsmz are functional in e ...	2009	19400772
biodegradation of the high explosive hexanitrohexaazaiso-wurtzitane (cl-20).	the aerobic biodegradability of the high explosive cl-20 by activated sludge and the white rot fungus phanerochaete chrysosporium has been investigated. although activated sludge is not effective in degrading cl-20 directly, it can mineralize the alkaline hydrolysis products. phanerochaete chrysosporium degrades cl-20 in the presence of supplementary carbon and nitrogen sources. biodegradation studies were conducted using various nutrient media under diverse conditions. variables included the cl ...	2009	19440524
distal end of 105-125 loop--a putative reductase binding domain of phthalate dioxygenase.	the phthalate dioxygenase system consists of the dioxygenase, pdo, which contains a rieske [2fe-2s] center and a fe(ii)-mononuclear center, and the reductase, pdr. involvement of the distal end of the 105-125 loop of pdo in its interaction with pdr was tested by substituting charged residues in the loop with alanines and by replacing the conserved tryptophan-94. compared to wild-type pdo, all variants had lower catalytic activity and the rieske centers were reduced more slowly by reduced pdr. th ...	2009	19464996
molecular determinants of the regioselectivity of toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase from pseudomonas sp. strain ox1.	bacterial multicomponent monooxygenases (bmms) are a heterogeneous family of di-iron monooxygenases which share the very interesting ability to hydroxylate aliphatic and/or aromatic hydrocarbons. each bmm possesses defined substrate specificity and regioselectivity which match the metabolic requirements of the strain from which it has been isolated. pseudomonas sp. strain ox1, a strain able to metabolize o-, m-, and p-cresols, produces the bmm toluene/o-xylene monooxygenase (tomo), which convert ...	2009	19074607
antifungal activity of selected indigenous pseudomonas and bacillus from the soybean rhizosphere.	the purpose of this study was to isolate and select indigenous soil pseudomonas and bacillus bacteria capable of developing multiple mechanisms of action related to the biocontrol of phytopathogenic fungi affecting soybean crops. the screening procedure consisted of antagonism tests against a panel of phytopathogenic fungi, taxonomic identification, detection by pcr of several genes related to antifungal activity, in vitro detection of the antifungal products, and root colonization assays. two i ...	2009	20016811
the stat pathway mediates late-phase immunity against plasmodium in the mosquito anopheles gambiae.	the stat family of transcription factors activates expression of immune system genes in vertebrates. the ancestral stat gene (agstat-a) appears to have duplicated in the mosquito anopheles gambiae, giving rise to a second intronless stat gene (agstat-b), which we show regulates agstat-a expression in adult females. agstat-a participates in the transcriptional activation of nitric oxide synthase (nos) in response to bacterial and plasmodial infection. activation of this pathway, however, is not e ...	2009	19454353
electron transfer in the complex of membrane-bound human cytochrome p450 3a4 with the flavin domain of p450bm-3: the effect of oligomerization of the heme protein and intermittent modulation of the spin equilibrium.	we studied the kinetics of nadph-dependent reduction of human cyp3a4 incorporated into nanodiscs (cyp3a4-nd) and proteoliposomes in order to probe the effect of p450 oligomerization on its reduction. the flavin domain of cytochrome p450-bm3 (bmr) was used as a model electron donor partner. unlike cyp3a4 oligomers, where only 50% of the enzyme was shown to be reducible by bmr, cyp3a4-nd could be reduced almost completely. high reducibility was also observed in proteoliposomes with a high lipid-to ...	2010	20026040
electron transfer in the complex of membrane-bound human cytochrome p450 3a4 with the flavin domain of p450bm-3: the effect of oligomerization of the heme protein and intermittent modulation of the spin equilibrium.	we studied the kinetics of nadph-dependent reduction of human cyp3a4 incorporated into nanodiscs (cyp3a4-nd) and proteoliposomes in order to probe the effect of p450 oligomerization on its reduction. the flavin domain of cytochrome p450-bm3 (bmr) was used as a model electron donor partner. unlike cyp3a4 oligomers, where only 50% of the enzyme was shown to be reducible by bmr, cyp3a4-nd could be reduced almost completely. high reducibility was also observed in proteoliposomes with a high lipid-to ...	2010	20026040
unique extracellular matrix heparan sulfate from the bivalve nodipecten nodosus (linnaeus, 1758) safely inhibits arterial thrombosis after photochemically induced endothelial lesion.	heparin-like glycans with diverse disaccharide composition and high anticoagulant activity have been described in several families of marine mollusks. the present work focused on the structural characterization of a new heparan sulfate (hs)-like polymer isolated from the mollusk nodipecten nodosus (linnaeus, 1758) and on its anticoagulant and antithrombotic properties. total glycans were extracted from the mollusk and fractionated by ethanol precipitation. the main component (>90%) was identifie ...	2010	20053999
new structural and functional defects in polyphosphate deficient bacteria: a cellular and proteomic study.	inorganic polyphosphate (polyp), a polymer of tens or hundreds of phosphate residues linked by atp-like bonds, is found in all organisms and performs a wide variety of functions. polyp is synthesized in bacterial cells by the actions of polyphosphate kinases (ppk1 and ppk2) and degraded by exopolyphosphatase (ppx). bacterial cells with polyp deficiencies due to knocking out the ppk1 gene are affected in many structural and important cellular functions such as motility, quorum sensing, biofilm fo ...	2010	20067623
structural basis for catalysis by the mono- and dimetalated forms of the dape-encoded n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase.	biosynthesis of lysine and meso-diaminopimelic acid in bacteria provides essential components for protein synthesis and construction of the bacterial peptidoglycan cell wall. the dape operon enzymes synthesize both meso-diaminopimelic acid and lysine and, therefore, represent potential targets for novel antibacterials. the dape-encoded n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid desuccinylase functions in a late step of the pathway and converts n-succinyl-l,l-diaminopimelic acid to l,l-diaminopimelic aci ...	2010	20138056
mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleoid-associated dna-binding protein h-ns binds with high-affinity to the holliday junction and inhibits strand exchange promoted by reca protein.	a number of studies have shown that the structure and composition of bacterial nucleoid influences many a processes related to dna metabolism. the nucleoid-associated proteins modulate not only the dna conformation but also regulate the dna metabolic processes such as replication, recombination, repair and transcription. understanding of how these processes occur in the context of mycobacterium tuberculosis nucleoid is of considerable medical importance because the nucleoid structure may be cons ...	2010	20176569
anthranilate-activating modules from fungal nonribosomal peptide assembly lines.	fungal natural products containing benzodiazepinone- and quinazolinone-fused ring systems can be assembled by nonribosomal peptide synthetases (nrps) using the conformationally restricted beta-amino acid anthranilate as one of the key building blocks. we validated that the first module of the acetylaszonalenin synthetase of neosartorya fischeri nrrl 181 activates anthranilate to anthranilyl-amp. with this as a starting point, we then used bioinformatic predictions about fungal adenylation domain ...	2010	20225828
annual variations in the diversity, viability, and origin of airborne bacteria.	the presence of bacteria in aerosols has been known for centuries, but information on their identity and role in dispersing microbial traits is still limited. this study monitored the airborne bacterial community during an annual survey using samples collected from a 25-m tower near the baltic sea coast. the number of cfu was estimated using agar plates while the most probable number (mpn) of viable bacteria was estimated using dilution-to-extinction culturing assays (dcas). the mpn and cfu valu ...	2010	20228096
a novel hydrolytic dehalogenase for the chlorinated aromatic compound chlorothalonil.	dehalogenases play key roles in the detoxification of halogenated aromatics. interestingly, only one hydrolytic dehalogenase for halogenated aromatics, 4-chlorobenzoyl-coenzyme a (coa) dehalogenase, has been reported. here, we characterize another novel hydrolytic dehalogenase for a halogenated aromatic compound from the 2,4,5,6-tetrachloroisophthalonitrile (chlorothalonil)-degrading strain of pseudomonas sp. ctn-3, which we have named chd. chd catalyzes a hydroxyl substitution at the 4-chlorine ...	2010	20363940
bacterial community dynamics during the application of a myxococcus xanthus-inoculated culture medium used for consolidation of ornamental limestone.	in this study, we investigated under laboratory conditions the bacterial communities inhabiting quarry and decayed ornamental carbonate stones before and after the application of a myxococcus xanthus-inoculated culture medium used for consolidation of the stones. the dynamics of the community structure and the prevalence of the inoculated bacterium, m. xanthus, were monitored during the time course of the consolidation treatment (30 days). for this purpose, we selected a molecular strategy combi ...	2010	20393845
phenolic acids act as signaling molecules in plant-microbe symbioses.	phenolic acids are the main polyphenols made by plants. these compounds have diverse functions and are immensely important in plant-microbe interactions/symbiosis. phenolic compounds act as signaling molecules in the initiation of legumerhizobia symbioses, establishment of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbioses and can act as agents in plant defense. flavonoids are a diverse class of polyphenolic compounds that have received considerable attention as signaling molecules involved in plant-microbe inter ...	2010	20400851
expression, purification, crystallization and preliminary x-ray analysis of pseudomonas aeruginosa algx.	algx is a periplasmic protein required for the production of the exopolysaccharide alginate in pseudomonas sp. and azotobacter vinelandii. algx has been overexpressed and purified and diffraction-quality crystals have been grown using iterative seeding and the hanging-drop vapor-diffusion method. the crystals grew as flat plates with unit-cell parameters a = 46.4, b = 120.6, c = 86.9 a, beta = 95.7 degrees . the crystals exhibited the symmetry of space group p2(1) and diffracted to a minimum d-s ...	2010	20445266
kinetic and structural characterization of a heterohexamer 4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase from chloroflexus aurantiacus j-10-fl: implications for functional and structural diversity in the tautomerase superfamily .	4-oxalocrotonate tautomerase (4-ot) isozymes play prominent roles in the bacterial utilization of aromatic hydrocarbons as sole carbon sources. these enzymes catalyze the conversion of 2-hydroxy-2,4-hexadienedioate (or 2-hydroxymuconate) to 2-oxo-3-hexenedioate, where pro-1 functions as a general base and shuttles a proton from the 2-hydroxyl group of the substrate to the c-5 position of the product. 4-ot, a homohexamer from pseudomonas putida mt-2, is the most extensively studied 4-ot isozyme a ...	2010	20465238
incidence, relevance and response for ralsfonia respiratory infections.	cases of ralstonia colonization/infection occasionally reported by hospitals has generated increased interest in an organism previously little known to most clinicians. our goal was to determine the incidence of respiratory colonizations and infections involving ralstonia and the association of mechanical ventilation (limited to reports on respiratory-related occurrences in the u.s.a.) and propose a decision chart to assist response.	2010	20499534
thioesterases: a new perspective based on their primary and tertiary structures.	thioesterases (tes) are classified into ec 3.1.2.1 through ec 3.1.2.27 based on their activities on different substrates, with many remaining unclassified (ec 3.1.2.-). analysis of primary and tertiary structures of known tes casts a new light on this enzyme group. we used strong primary sequence conservation based on experimentally proved proteins as the main criterion, followed by verification with tertiary structure superpositions, mechanisms, and catalytic residue positions, to accurately de ...	2010	20506386
molecular characterization of a class i p450 electron transfer system from novosphingobium aromaticivorans dsm12444.	cytochrome p450 (cyp) enzymes of the cyp101 and cyp111 families from the oligotrophic bacterium novosphingobium aromaticivorans dsm12444 are heme monooxygenases that receive electrons from nadh via arx, a [2fe-2s] ferredoxin, and arr, a ferredoxin reductase. these systems show fast nadh turnovers (k(cat) = 39-91 s(-1)) that are efficiently coupled to product formation. the three-dimensional structures of arr, arx, and cyp101d1, which form a physiological class i p450 electron transfer chain, hav ...	2010	20576606
identification and characterization of a novel estrogenic ligand actinopolymorphol a.	xenoestrogenic compounds are abundant in the modern environment including phytoestrogens from plants, chemical by-products from industry, and secondary metabolites from microbes; all can profoundly affect human health. consequently mechanism-based screens are urgently needed to improve the rate at which the xenoestrogens are discovered. estrogen receptor (er) dimerization is required for target gene transcription. the three er dimer pairs (eralpha/alpha homodimers, erbeta/beta homodimers, and er ...	2010	20599778
innate immunology of bovine respiratory disease.	there are a variety of factors and conditions that predispose cattle to pneumonia. cattle have anatomic and cellular differences from humans and other species and are managed in groups/herds, all of which can increase susceptibility to microbial pathogens. this article highlights the basic innate immune response of the respiratory tract and newer developments in the understanding of adaptive immune responses of the bovine respiratory tract, placing special emphasis on features unique to cattle.	2010	20619180
stya1 and stya2b from rhodococcus opacus 1cp: a multifunctional styrene monooxygenase system.	two-component flavoprotein monooxygenases are emerging biocatalysts that generally consist of a monooxygenase and a reductase component. here we show that rhodococcus opacus 1cp encodes a multifunctional enantioselective flavoprotein monooxygenase system composed of a single styrene monooxygenase (smo) (stya1) and another styrene monooxygenase fused to an nadh-flavin oxidoreductase (stya2b). stya1 and stya2b convert styrene and chemical analogues to the corresponding epoxides at the expense of f ...	2010	20675468
scarless and sequential gene modification in pseudomonas using pcr product flanked by short homology regions.	the lambda red recombination system has been used to inactivate chromosomal genes in various bacteria and fungi. the procedure consists of electroporating a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) fragment containing antibiotic cassette flanked by homology regions to the target locus into a strain that can express the lambda red proteins (gam, bet, exo).	2010	20682065
moenomycin family antibiotics: chemical synthesis, biosynthesis, and biological activity.		2010	20730219
partial purification and characterization of the mode of action of enterocin s37: a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis s37 isolated from poultry feces.	the aim of this research was to purify and characterize the mode of action of enterocin s37, a bacteriocin produced by enterococcus faecalis s37, a strain recently isolated from the chicken feces. enterocin s37 has a molecular weight comprised between 4 and 5 kda. it remained active after 1 h at 80(o)c and at ph values ranging from 4.0 to 9.0. furthermore, cell-free supernatant of enterococcus faecalis s37 and purified enterocin s37 were active against gram-positive bacteria including listeria m ...	2010	20811593
lipoic acid synthesis: a new family of octanoyltransferases generally annotated as lipoate protein ligases.	bacillus subtilis lacks a recognizable homologue of the lipb octanoyltransferase, an enzyme essential for lipoic acid synthesis in escherichia coli. lipb transfers the octanoyl moiety from octanoyl-acyl carrier protein to the lipoyl domains of the 2-oxoacid dehydrogenases via a thioester-linked octanoyl-lipb intermediate. the octanoylated dehydrogenase is then converted to the enzymatically active lipoylated species by insertion of two sulfur atoms into the octanoyl moiety by the s-adenosyl-l-me ...	2010	20882995
activity and interactions of antibiotic and phytochemical combinations against pseudomonas aeruginosa in vitro.	in this study the in vitro activities of seven antibiotics (ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, tetracycline, trimethoprim, sulfamethoxazole, polymyxin b and piperacillin) and six phytochemicals (protocatechuic acid, gallic acid, ellagic acid, rutin, berberine and myricetin) against five p. aeruginosa isolates, alone and in combination are evaluated. all the phytochemicals under investigation demonstrate potential inhibitory activity against p. aeruginosa. the combinations of sulfamethoxazole plus proto ...	2010	20941374
expression of an organic solvent stable lipase from staphylococcus epidermidis at2.	an organic solvent tolerant lipase gene from staphylococcus epidermidis at2 was successfully cloned and expressed with ptrchis2 in e. coli top10. sequence analysis revealed an open reading frame (orf) of 1,933 bp in length which coded for a polypeptide of 643 amino acid residues. the polypeptide comprised of a signal peptide (37 amino acids), pro-peptide and a mature protein of 390 amino acids. expression of at2 lipase resulted in an 18-fold increase in activity, upon the induction of 0.6 mm ipt ...	2010	20957088
keratitis after implantation of intrastromal corneal rings with spontaneous extrusion of the segment.	purpose: to report a case of bacterial keratitis in a patient with a history of intrastromal corneal ring segments (intacs®) implantation to correct keratoconus. methods: the patient's history, clinical presentation, pathological analysis and therapeutic management were reviewed. results: a 36-year-old-man was referred to our department due to decreased vision and intense pain in his left eye, 40 days after intacs® implantation for keratoconus. slit-lamp examination revealed epithelial defects a ...	2010	21060771
thny is a ferredoxin reductase-like iron-sulfur flavoprotein that has evolved to function as a regulator of tetralin biodegradation gene expression.	previous genetic studies in sphingomonas macrogolitabida strain tfa have established that expression of genes involved in tetralin biodegradation (thn genes) requires the function of the lysr type activator thnr and also thny. sequence comparison indicated that thny is homologous to bacterial oxygenase-coupled nad(p)h-dependent ferredoxin reductases. however, thny showed substitutions in highly conserved positions of the pyridine nucleotide binding domain of these ferredoxin reductases. thny exp ...	2010	21068394
thny is a ferredoxin reductase-like iron-sulfur flavoprotein that has evolved to function as a regulator of tetralin biodegradation gene expression.	previous genetic studies in sphingomonas macrogolitabida strain tfa have established that expression of genes involved in tetralin biodegradation (thn genes) requires the function of the lysr type activator thnr and also thny. sequence comparison indicated that thny is homologous to bacterial oxygenase-coupled nad(p)h-dependent ferredoxin reductases. however, thny showed substitutions in highly conserved positions of the pyridine nucleotide binding domain of these ferredoxin reductases. thny exp ...	2010	21068394
structural insight into the expanded pcb-degrading abilities of a biphenyl dioxygenase obtained by directed evolution.	the biphenyl dioxygenase of burkholderia xenovorans lb400 is a multicomponent rieske-type oxygenase that catalyzes the dihydroxylation of biphenyl and many polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the structural bases for the substrate specificity of the enzyme's oxygenase component (bphae(lb400)) are largely unknown. bphae(p4), a variant previously obtained through directed evolution, transforms several chlorobiphenyls, including 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl, more efficiently than bphae(lb400), yet differs fr ...	2010	21073881
structure and ligand binding properties of the epoxidase component of styrene monooxygenase .	styrene monooxygenase (smo) is a two-component flavoprotein monooxygenase that transforms styrene to styrene oxide in the first step of the styrene catabolic and detoxification pathway of pseudomonas putida s12. the crystal structure of the n-terminally histidine-tagged epoxidase component of this system, nsmoa, determined to 2.3 a resolution, indicates the enzyme exists as a homodimer in which each monomer forms two distinct domains. the overall architecture is most similar to that of p-hydroxy ...	2010	20055497
isolation and characterization of a novel 2-sec-butylphenol-degrading bacterium pseudomonas sp. strain ms-1.	a novel bacterium capable of utilizing 2-sec-butylphenol as the sole carbon and energy source, pseudomonas sp. strain ms-1, was isolated from freshwater sediment. within 30 h, strain ms-1 completely degraded 1.5 mm 2-sec-butylphenol in basal salt medium, with concomitant cell growth. a pathway for the metabolism of 2-sec-butylphenol by strain ms-1 was proposed on the basis of the identification of 3 internal metabolites-3-sec-butylcatechol, 2-hydroxy-6-oxo-7-methylnona-2,4-dienoic acid, and 2-me ...	2010	19705287
bacteriological study of aerobic isolates from plantar ulcers of paucibacillary leprosy patients.	plantar ulcers commonly occur in leprosy patients, which usually recur and cause morbidity in such cases.	2010	20418976
the vaginal bacterial communities of japanese women resemble those of women in other racial groups.	to determine whether different racial groups shared common types of vaginal microbiota, we characterized the composition and structure of vaginal bacterial communities in asymptomatic and apparently healthy japanese women in tokyo, japan, and compared them with those of white and black women from north america. the composition of vaginal communities was compared based on community profiles of terminal restriction fragments of 16s rrna genes and phylogenetic analysis of cloned 16s rrna gene seque ...	2010	19912342
the vaginal bacterial communities of japanese women resemble those of women in other racial groups.	to determine whether different racial groups shared common types of vaginal microbiota, we characterized the composition and structure of vaginal bacterial communities in asymptomatic and apparently healthy japanese women in tokyo, japan, and compared them with those of white and black women from north america. the composition of vaginal communities was compared based on community profiles of terminal restriction fragments of 16s rrna genes and phylogenetic analysis of cloned 16s rrna gene seque ...	2010	19912342
prevalence of renal anomalies after urinary tract infections in hospitalized infants less than 2 months of age.	our aim was to determine the incidence of anatomical abnormalities after a urinary tract infection (uti) in infants <2 months of age hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu).	2010	19812586
prevalence of renal anomalies after urinary tract infections in hospitalized infants less than 2 months of age.	our aim was to determine the incidence of anatomical abnormalities after a urinary tract infection (uti) in infants <2 months of age hospitalized in the neonatal intensive care unit (nicu).	2010	19812586
novel insights about class 2 integrons from experimental and genomic epidemiology.	in order to contribute to the knowledge of the architecture and epidemiology of class 2 integrons, we performed a class 2 integron molecular survey in which we analyzed 726 isolates in two bacterial populations from environmental and nonepidemiologically related clinical samples, respectively, collected from 1982 to 2007. we recovered the inti2 gene from 130 of 726 isolates, most of which were clinical isolates, and only 1 (a psychrophilic pseudomonas sp.) was from a water sample. unlike the wid ...	2010	19917745
structural insight into the expanded pcb-degrading abilities of a biphenyl dioxygenase obtained by directed evolution.	the biphenyl dioxygenase of burkholderia xenovorans lb400 is a multicomponent rieske-type oxygenase that catalyzes the dihydroxylation of biphenyl and many polychlorinated biphenyls (pcbs). the structural bases for the substrate specificity of the enzyme's oxygenase component (bphae(lb400)) are largely unknown. bphae(p4), a variant previously obtained through directed evolution, transforms several chlorobiphenyls, including 2,6-dichlorobiphenyl, more efficiently than bphae(lb400), yet differs fr ...	2010	21073881
hydrogenosome-localization of arginine deiminase in trichomonas vaginalis.	the arginine dihydrolase (adh) pathway has an analogous function to the urea cycle in mitochondria-containing cells, by removing nitrogen from amino acids and generating atp. subcellular localization of the adh pathway enzymes in trichomonas vaginalis revealed that arginine deiminase (adi) localizes to the hydrogenosome, a mitochondrion-like organelle of anaerobic protists. however the other enzymes of the adh pathway, ornithine carbamyltransferase and carbamate kinase localize to the cytosol. t ...	2010	21074581
hydrogenosome-localization of arginine deiminase in trichomonas vaginalis.	the arginine dihydrolase (adh) pathway has an analogous function to the urea cycle in mitochondria-containing cells, by removing nitrogen from amino acids and generating atp. subcellular localization of the adh pathway enzymes in trichomonas vaginalis revealed that arginine deiminase (adi) localizes to the hydrogenosome, a mitochondrion-like organelle of anaerobic protists. however the other enzymes of the adh pathway, ornithine carbamyltransferase and carbamate kinase localize to the cytosol. t ...	2010	21074581
giardia duodenalis 14-3-3 protein is polyglycylated by a tubulin tyrosine ligase-like member and deglycylated by two metallocarboxypeptidases.	the flagellated protozoan giardia duodenalis is a parasite of the upper part of the small intestine of mammals, including humans, and an interesting biological model. giardia harbors a single 14-3-3 isoform, a multifunctional protein family, that is modified at the c terminus by polyglycylation, an unusual post-translational modification consisting of the covalent addition of one or multiple glycines on the γ-carboxyl groups of specific glutamic acids. polyglycylation affects the intracellular l ...	2010	21135098
giardia duodenalis 14-3-3 protein is polyglycylated by a tubulin tyrosine ligase-like member and deglycylated by two metallocarboxypeptidases.	the flagellated protozoan giardia duodenalis is a parasite of the upper part of the small intestine of mammals, including humans, and an interesting biological model. giardia harbors a single 14-3-3 isoform, a multifunctional protein family, that is modified at the c terminus by polyglycylation, an unusual post-translational modification consisting of the covalent addition of one or multiple glycines on the γ-carboxyl groups of specific glutamic acids. polyglycylation affects the intracellular l ...	2010	21135098
nature of the reaction intermediates in the flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent epoxidation mechanism of styrene monooxygenase.	styrene monooxygenase (smo) is a two-component flavoenzyme composed of an nadh-specific flavin reductase (smob) and fad-specific styrene epoxidase (nsmoa). nsmoa binds tightly to reduced fad and catalyzes the stereospecific addition of one atom of molecular oxygen to the vinyl side chain of styrene in the enantioselective synthesis of s-styrene oxide. in this mechanism, molecular oxygen first reacts with nsmoa(fad(red)) to yield an fad c(4a)-peroxide intermediate. this species is nonfluorescent ...	2010	21166448
nature of the reaction intermediates in the flavin adenine dinucleotide-dependent epoxidation mechanism of styrene monooxygenase.	styrene monooxygenase (smo) is a two-component flavoenzyme composed of an nadh-specific flavin reductase (smob) and fad-specific styrene epoxidase (nsmoa). nsmoa binds tightly to reduced fad and catalyzes the stereospecific addition of one atom of molecular oxygen to the vinyl side chain of styrene in the enantioselective synthesis of s-styrene oxide. in this mechanism, molecular oxygen first reacts with nsmoa(fad(red)) to yield an fad c(4a)-peroxide intermediate. this species is nonfluorescent ...	2010	21166448
screening of ethanol, petroleum ether and chloroform extracts of medicinal plants, lawsonia inermis l. and mimosa pudica l. for antibacterial activity.	organic extracts (ethanol, petroleum ether and chloroform) of two medicinal plants lawsonia inermis l. and mimosa pudica l. were proven for antibacterial properties against 15 gram-positive and gram-negative human pathogenic bacteria. among the three types of extracts tested, ethanol extract was found to possess maximum antibacterial activity. the diameter of the zone of inhibition of bacterial growth showed that gram-negative bacteria are more sensitive than gram-positive bacteria to plant extr ...	2010	21188055
real-time solvent tolerance analysis of pseudomonas sp. strain vlb120{delta}c catalytic biofilms.	biofilms are ubiquitous surface-associated microbial communities embedded in an extracellular polymeric (eps) matrix, which gives the biofilm structural integrity and strength. it is often reported that biofilm-grown cells exhibit enhanced tolerance toward adverse environmental stress conditions, and thus there has been a growing interest in recent years to use biofilms for biotechnological applications. we present a time- and locus-resolved, noninvasive, quantitative approach to study biofilm d ...	2010	21193676
prevalence of uropathogens in diabetic patients and their corresponding resistance pattern: results of a survey conducted at diagnostic centers in dhaka, bangladesh.	urinary tract infection is the second most common clinical indication for empirical antibiotic treatment in primary and secondary health care settings. the incidence of diabetes mellitus throughout the world is increasing strikingly and in the long run, it has some major effects on the genitourinary system which makes diabetic patients more liable to urinary tract infection. this study is designed to reveal the distribution of uropathogens in diabetic patients according to age and sex, and corre ...	2010	22043358
purification of protease from pseudomonas thermaerum gw1 isolated from poultry waste site.	an extracellular protease was purified from pseudomonas thermaerum gw1 a new strain identified by morphological, biochemical and 16s rdna sequencing. it was isolated from soil of poultry waste site at ghazipur near ghaziabad, delhi. the strain produces extra cellular protease in the culture media that was maintained at 37°c, 140 rpm. the media was harvested for protease after 48 hrs of incubation at 37°c in basal media supplemented with 1% casein. we report 6.08 fold purification of enzyme follo ...	2010	21379398
isolation and characterization of bacteria from the gut of bombyx mori that degrade cellulose, xylan, pectin and starch and their impact on digestion.	bombyx mori l. (lepidoptera: bombycidae) have been domesticated and widely used for silk production. it feeds on mulberry leaves. mulberry leaves are mainly composed of pectin, xylan, cellulose and starch. some of the digestive enzymes that degrade these carbohydrates might be produced by gut bacteria. eleven isolates were obtained from the digestive tract of b. mori, including the gram positive bacillus circulans and gram negative proteus vulgaris, klebsiella pneumoniae, escherichia coli, citro ...	2010	20874394
studies on the mechanism of p-hydroxyphenylacetate 3-hydroxylase from pseudomonas aeruginosa: a system composed of a small flavin reductase and a large flavin-dependent oxygenase.	there are two known types of microbial two-component flavin-dependent monooxygenases that catalyze oxygenation of p-hydroxyphenylacetate (hpa), and they are distinguished by having structurally distinct reductases and oxygenases. this paper presents a detailed analysis of the properties of the enzyme from pseudomonas aeruginosa, an example of one group, and compares its properties to those published for the acinetobacter baumannii enzyme, an example of the alternative group. the reductase and ox ...	2010	20000468
clinical and antimicrobial efficacy of nitradine ™-based disinfecting cleaning tablets in complete denture wearers.	this study evaluated the efficacy of nitradine ™-based disinfecting cleaning tablets for complete denture, in terms of denture biofilm removal and antimicrobial action.	2010	21308285
engineering of a psychrophilic bacterium for the bioremediation of aromatic compounds.	microbial degradation of aromatic hydrocarbons has been studied with the aim of developing applications for the removal of toxic compounds. efforts have been directed toward the genetic manipulation of mesophilic bacteria to improve their ability to degrade pollutants, even though many pollution problems occur in sea waters and in effluents of industrial processes which are characterized by low temperatures. from these considerations the idea of engineering a psychrophilic microorganism for the ...	2010	21326928
gene duplications in prokaryotes can be associated with environmental adaptation.	gene duplication is a normal evolutionary process. if there is no selective advantage in keeping the duplicated gene, it is usually reduced to a pseudogene and disappears from the genome. however, some paralogs are retained. these gene products are likely to be beneficial to the organism, e.g. in adaptation to new environmental conditions. the aim of our analysis is to investigate the properties of paralog-forming genes in prokaryotes, and to analyse the role of these retained paralogs by relati ...	2010	20961426
functional promiscuity of homologues of the bacterial arsa atpases.	the arsa atpase of e. coli plays an essential role in arsenic detoxification. published evidence implicates arsa in the energization of as(iii) efflux via the formation of an oxyanion-translocating complex with arsb. in addition, eukaryotic arsa homologues have several recognized functions unrelated to arsenic resistance. by aligning arsa homologues, constructing phylogenetic trees, examining arsa encoding operons, and estimating the probable coevolution of these homologues with putative transpo ...	2010	20981284
functional gene diversity of soil microbial communities from five oil-contaminated fields in china.	to compare microbial functional diversity in different oil-contaminated fields and to know the effects of oil contaminant and environmental factors, soil samples were taken from typical oil-contaminated fields located in five geographic regions of china. geochip, a high-throughput functional gene array, was used to evaluate the microbial functional genes involved in contaminant degradation and in other major biogeochemical/metabolic processes. our results indicated that the overall microbial com ...	2010	20861922
functional gene diversity of soil microbial communities from five oil-contaminated fields in china.	to compare microbial functional diversity in different oil-contaminated fields and to know the effects of oil contaminant and environmental factors, soil samples were taken from typical oil-contaminated fields located in five geographic regions of china. geochip, a high-throughput functional gene array, was used to evaluate the microbial functional genes involved in contaminant degradation and in other major biogeochemical/metabolic processes. our results indicated that the overall microbial com ...	2010	20861922