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discrimination between sheep antibodies to brucella melitensis and to brucella ovis.when preparations containing smooth brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide (lps) were used as antigen in an elisa, strong positive reactions were obtained with sera from sheep infected with brucella melitensis or with brucella ovis. oxidation of the lps with sodium metaperiodate greatly reduced the extent of the cross-reactions with antisera to b. ovis, with little effect on the reactions with antisera to smooth b. melitensis. periodate oxidation of hot saline extract (hsx) antigen of b. ovis marke ...19892800307
studies of the immunomodulatory effects of low-level infection with ostertagia ostertagi in calves.possible immunomodulation by low-level infection with ostertagia ostertagi was studied in 4-month-old calves. six groups of 4 calves each were subjected to the following regimens: group 1--nonparasitized controls; group 2--nonparasitized, but challenge exposed at day 64 with brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine (ba) and at day 78 with iv administration of a soluble third-stage larval (l3) antigen preparation of o ostertagi (oag); group 3--nonparasitized, but challenge exposed at day 78 with 75 x 1 ...19892802311
transposon tn5 mutagenesis of brucella abortus.we demonstrate that transposon-mediated mutagenesis can be used to construct mutations in the pathogen brucella abortus. we have used both a plasmid and a bacteriophage to introduce either tn5 or tn5 lac into the brucella chromosome. b. abortus is naturally sensitive to kanamycin. we have selected 22 independent kanamycin-resistant colonies in strain us-19 and 19 colonies in strain 2308. we have demonstrated by southern hybridization that tn5 was inserted into the chromosome.19872822580
prevalence of antibodies to some viral pathogens, brucella abortus and toxoplasma gondii in serum from camels (camelus dromedarius) in sudan. 19872825450
in vitro generated human monoclonal trinitrophenyl-specific b cell lines. evidence that human and murine anti-trinitrophenyl monoclonal antibodies cross-react with escherichia coli beta-galactosidase.stable human antigen-specific monoclonal b cell lines were established without prior in vivo immunization. this was accomplished by expanding the anti-trinitrophenyl (tnp) b cells in vitro with the antigen tnp-brucella abortus and then immortalizing them with epstein-barr virus. five anti-tnp clones were selected by sequential limiting dilution. all five anti-tnp clones secreted igm kappa antibodies. when tested against a panel of self and environmental antigens, all five anti-tnp clones exhibit ...19872826579
opsonin-dependent stimulation of bovine neutrophil oxidative metabolism by brucella abortus.nonopsonized brucella abortus and bacteria treated with fresh antiserum, heat-inactivated antiserum, or normal bovine serum were evaluated for their ability to stimulate production of superoxide anion and myeloperoxidase-mediated iodination by neutrophils from cattle. brucella abortus opsonized with fresh antiserum or heat-inactivated antiserum stimulated production of approximately 3 nmol of o2-/10(6) neutrophils/30 min. similarly treated bacteria also stimulated the binding of approximately 4. ...19882831760
serological survey for selected diseases in the endangered san joaquin kit fox (vulpes macrotis mutica).blood from endangered san joaquin kit foxes (vulpes macrotis mutica) inhabiting the elk hills naval petroleum reserve, kern county, and the elkhorn plain, san luis obispo county, california, was collected in 1981, 1982 and 1984 and sera were tested for antibodies against 10 selected pathogens. proportions of kit fox sera containing antibodies against pathogens were: canine parvovirus, 100% in 1981-1982 and 67% in 1984; infectious canine hepatitis virus, 6% in 1981-1982 and 21% in 1984; canine di ...19882836636
effectiveness of natural and synthetic complexes of porin and o polysaccharide as vaccines against brucella abortus in mice.a single vaccination of mice with a complex of porin and smooth lipopolysaccharide (porin-s-lps) extracted from virulent brucella abortus 2308 provided significant protection (p less than 0.01 to p less than 0.001) against challenge with the same strain, equivalent to that achieved by vaccination with living attenuated b. abortus 19. the porin-s-lps vaccine given without adjuvant or in several adjuvants (trehalose dimycolate and muramyl dipeptide; the pluronic polymer l-121 and muramyl dipeptide ...19882844673
antibodies to bovine bacterial and viral pathogens in pronghorns in alberta, 1983.sera from 210 pronghorns (antilocapra americana) ranging in southeastern alberta were tested for antibodies to disease agents present in indigenous cattle. no antibodies to brucella abortus, leptospira interrogans serovars pomona, hardjo, or grippotyphosa, or infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus were found. antibodies at prevalences of 43.8% and 49.2% were detected to bovine virus diarrhea (bvd) and parainfluenza type 3 (pi-3) viruses, respectively. the much higher prevalence of bvd virus ant ...19862845155
the effect of infectious bursal disease virus infection on local and systemic antibody responses following infection of 3-week-old broiler chickens.broiler chickens infected at 3 weeks of age with infectious bursal disease virus (ibdv) were given brucella abortus (ba) or sheep red blood cell (srbc) antigens before, during, and after the acute phase of the infection. gland of harder (gh) extracts and serum samples were used to assay local and systemic antibody titer to each antigen 7 days after antigen was administered. antibody titers to both ba and srbc antigens were lower (p less than 0.05) in gh extracts and serum of ibdv-infected broile ...19882849401
immunoregulation in the rat: cellular and molecular requirements for b cell responses to types 1, 2, and t-dependent antigens.the requirements for primary in vitro plaque-forming cell (pfc) development in cultures of purified rat splenic b cells have been examined. rat b cells were directly responsive to the type 1 antigen trinitrophenyl-brucella abortus (tnp-ba), but both t cells and adherent accessory cells were required for b cell responses to the type 2 antigen tnp-ficoll and the t cell-dependent (td) antigen sheep erythrocytes (srbc). however, the cellfree supernatants from concanavalin a-induced spleen cells of r ...19852857748
t cell regulation of the thymus-independent antibody response to trinitrophenylated-brucella abortus (tnp-ba).we have previously observed a reduction of the t cell-dependent primary antibody response to dinitrophenylated keyhole limpet hemocyanin, and an enhancement of the t cell-independent response to trinitrophenylated brucella abortus (tnp-ba) in balb/c mice after treatment with total lymphoid irradiation (tli). to elucidate the relative contribution of t and b cells to the enhanced t cell-independent antibody responses after tli, a syngeneic primary adoptive transfer system was utilized whereby irr ...19852859335
clinical relevance of a serological cross-reaction between escherichia coli o157 and brucella abortus. 19872888970
characterization of a concanavalin a supernatant-derived idiotype-specific t helper cell factor.we have previously demonstrated the requirement of two t helper (th) populations for the expression of plaque-forming cells (pfc) that bear the dominant cross-reactive idiotype (cri) associated with the phenyltrimethylammonium (tma) response (1). in addition to the classic major histocompatibility complex-restricted th cell, the response was also dependent upon the so-called second order th2 population, which binds to idiotypic determinants, is carrier specific, but does not require hapten linke ...19862935575
suppressor t-cell activity in mrl/mp-lpr/lpr mice: differential effects on primary and memory antibody responses of mrl/mp-lpr/lpr and mrl/mp-+/+ spleen cells to thymus dependent and thymus independent antigens in vitro.we have previously shown that suppressor-t-cell (ts) activity in the spleens of autoimmune mrl/mp-lpr/lpr (mrl/l) mice is increased after 2 months of age. the ts suppress the in vitro primary igm response to the thymus-dependent (td) antigen sheep erythrocytes (srbc) of b and t cells from young congenic mrl/mp-+/+ (mrl/n) mice which lack the lymphoproliferation (lpr) gene. the ts are nylon wool nonadherent, thy 1.2 positive, and radiation sensitive. the studies presented here were done to furthe ...19852943418
synergistic effects of the xid gene in x chromosome congenic mice. i. inability of c3.cba/n mice to respond to thymus-dependent antigens in adoptive transfer assays.the xid gene, which causes a b lymphocyte immune defect in cba/n mice, has been bred onto the c3h/hen background. the resulting x chromosome congenic mice (c3.cba/n) exhibit immunologic defects that are much more profound than the defect exhibited by cba/n mice; thus, the b cells from c3.cba/n mice not only fail to respond to thymus-independent (ti) type 2 antigens such as tnp-ficoll, but they fail to respond in vitro to ti-type 1 antigens such as tnp-brucella abortus (ba) and b cell mitogens su ...19872949014
mechanism of immune dysfunction associated with minor antigen graft-vs-host disease in mice.a well-characterized murine model of graft-vs-host disease (gvhd) that develops in response to minor histocompatibility antigens was used to study the mechanism of an immunodeficiency syndrome that is associated with gvhd. lethally irradiated mice were transplanted with a combination of bone marrow and spleen cells from h-2 compatible donors that differed at multiple minor histocompatibility antigens, or from syngeneic donors. four to 12 weeks later, the humoral responses of transplanted and con ...19882972364
responses of chickens lacking or expressing endogenous avian leukosis virus genes to infection with exogenous virus.line 0 chickens that lack endogenous viral (ev) genes and 15i5 x 7 chickens that carry and express ev genes were inoculated with the avian leukosis virus, rav-1, at 1 day of age or as embryos, and maintained to 70 days of age. comparable uninoculated controls were also kept. most of the day-old inoculated chickens developed antibody by 70 days, but as expected, most of the embryo inoculated chickens remained viremic. major differences in response between the lines were only noted after day-old i ...19852986085
isolation of components of brucella abortus responsible for inhibition of function in bovine neutrophils.the effects of fractions of brucella abortus strain 2308 on functions of bovine polymorphonuclear neutrophils (pmns) were examined in vitro. ingestion of staphylococcus aureus and reduction of nitroblue tetrazolium dye by bovine pmns were not inhibited by heat-killed b. abortus. the ability of pmns to iodinate proteins was significantly inhibited by live or heat-killed b. abortus and supernatant from heat-killed cells but not by washed heat-killed cells. two inhibitory components isolated from t ...19852995513
protection against brucella abortus in mice with o-polysaccharide-specific monoclonal antibodies.mice injected with either of two monoclonal antibodies specific for the o polysaccharide of brucella abortus prior to challenge infection had viable counts in spleens and livers significantly below those in control groups 1 and 4 weeks later. two monoclonal antibodies specific for the porin of b. abortus failed to confer protection.19863005173
structure of the o-chain polysaccharide of the phenol-phase soluble lipopolysaccharide of escherichia coli 0:157:h7.the phenol-phase soluble lipopolysaccharide isolated from escherichia coli 0:157 by the hot phenol-water extraction procedure was shown by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, periodate oxidation, methylation, and 13c and 1h nuclear magnetic resonance studies to be an unbranched linear polysaccharide with a tetrasaccharide repeating unit having the structure: (formula; see text) the serological cross-reactivity of e. coli 0:157 with brucella abortus, yersinia enterocolitica ...19863008786
a comparison between the effect of an avian reovirus and infectious bursal disease virus on selected aspects of the immune system of the chicken.reovirus 81-176 was inoculated subcutaneously into day-old specific-pathogen-free leghorns and evaluated for its effects on the immune system over a 3-week period. structural criteria included organ weights of the bursa of fabricius (bf) and spleen (sp), scoring of histological lesions in the bf, sp, and thymus, and hematological analyses of the circulating leukocytes. alterations in the functional capacity of the immune system were measured using the graft-versus-host reaction, the response of ...19863015115
release of 5'-guanosine monophosphate and adenine by brucella abortus and their role in the intracellular survival of the bacteria.brucella abortus releases two components (fractions 3b and 10) that inhibit the myeloperoxidase-h2o2-halide antibacterial system of bovine neutrophils by inhibiting degranulation. fractions 3b and 10 were analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography and thin-layer chromotography and compared with nucleotide and base standards. these investigations indicated that fraction 3b coeluted and comigrated with 5'-guanosine monophosphate (gmp), whereas fraction 10 coeluted and comigrated with adeni ...19863016113
the prevalence of antibodies of brucella abortus, dermatophilus congolensis and bovine leukaemia virus in nigerian slaughter cattle.in a pilot survey to compare the relative prevalence of three diseases in apparently healthy white fulani zebu (wfz) cattle slaughtered in nigeria, sera from 80 randomly selected animals with no significant gross lesions on ante mortem and post mortem inspection were examined for antibodies to brucella abortus, dermatophilus congolensis and bovine leukaemia virus. of the samples screened, 5.0, 8.8 and 2.0% showed serological evidence for brucellosis, cutaneous streptothricosis and bovine leukosi ...19873031868
allograft and antibody responses of 15i5-b congenic chickens.seven congenic lines of chickens that differ from the parental inbred line rprl-15i5 for genes in the major histocompatibility (b) complex are under development. after 2 to 5 generations of crossing b-homozygous chickens were produced for interim histocompatibility and antibody competence tests. chickens in each of the b-congenic lines had antigens determining rapid skin graft rejection and stimulation of mixed lymphocyte responses by 15i5 chickens. several lines repeatedly developed different a ...19873037561
[structural rearrangements of the plasmid r68,45 in cells of brucella suis].the mobilizing activity of the plasmid r68,45 in escherichia coli and brucella abortus has been studied. the plasmid r68,45 has been found to lose its ability to mobilize the chromosome in brucella suis cells. the experiments on the conjugational transfer of r68,45 were confirmed by restriction analysis of the plasmid dna. r68,45 has been shown to lose cma in brucella cells via deletion. the molecular mechanisms of deletion process in brucella and other bacteria are discussed.19883050483
evidence that lyb-5 is a differentiation antigen in normal and xid mice.these studies addressed the question of whether the lyb-5 determinant on mouse b cells might represent a marker for a unique lineage of b cells as has been thought, or rather, a differentiation antigen. previous studies have addressed this question by treating splenic b cells with anti-lyb-5 + complement and then culturing them with various antigens. in this study, we first immunized in vivo or in vitro and then determined susceptibility to anti-lyb-5. these studies demonstrate that a substantia ...19863080520
collaboration of bovine t lymphocytes and macrophages in t-lymphocyte response to brucella abortus.brucella abortus-induced bovine macrophage-t-lymphocyte collaboration was studied as a prerequisite for the eventual clearance of this infectious organism. esterase-positive, peripheral blood monocytes functioned as an adherent antigen-presenting cell population. a dual requirement for expression of bacterial antigens in combination with self major histocompatibility complex class ii products was required by adherent cells for the activation of t lymphocytes. comparison of antigen-presenting cel ...19863081443
preferential inhibition of primary granule release from bovine neutrophils by a brucella abortus extract.a low-molecular-weight brucella abortus extract (a nucleotidelike material) inhibited zymosan-elicited neutrophil degranulation and trichloroacetic acid-precipitable protein iodination (a measure of myeloperoxidase and h2o2 release from neutrophilic leukocytes). inhibition of neutrophil function was directly related to the concentration of the brucella extract. the extract preferentially inhibited degranulation of primary (azurophilic or peroxidase positive) granules and had limited inhibition o ...19863082759
illness in a veterinary student following accidental inoculation of brucella abortus strain 19. 19863086415
the role of nonactivated and interferon-gamma activated monocytes in regulating normal and sle patient b cell responses to tnp-brucella abortus.we have previously characterized the human b cell response to trinitrophenol (tnp)-brucella abortus (ba) response as being t cell independent. in this report we examine the role of monocytes in the tnp-ba antibody response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (pbmc). depletion of monocytes by sequential adherence to plastic and sephadex g-10 passage did not result in decreased plaque-forming cell responses to tnp-ba, suggesting that monocytes were not required. on the contrary monocytes w ...19863086443
cellular requirements for thyrotropin enhancement of in vitro antibody production.we reported previously that thyrotropin (tsh) enhanced the in vitro antibody response to a t cell-dependent antigen, sheep red blood cells (srbc), as determined by direct plaque-forming cell (pfc) assay. the present studies were designed to determine the possible immunoregulatory function of tsh on lymphocytes immunized with the t-independent antigen brucella abortus-tnp (ba-tnp) and the cellular components involved in such function. we report here that tsh enhanced the in vitro antibody respons ...19863086448
the alternative pathway of complement in sheep during the course of infection with trypanosoma congolense and after berenil treatment.experimental t. congolense infections in sheep resulted in a striking decrease in parameters of the alternative complement pathway (acp), ie. factor b, c3 and haemolytic complement activity (ha) initiated via the acp. the levels of factor b, c3 and ha declined before, during and after the first wave of parasitemia which reached a peak at day 8. levels of 20 to 25% of normal values (factor b) and 20% (c3, ha) persisted throughout the course of the infection. after berenil treatment, when no paras ...19863088536
pathogenesis of placentitis in the goat inoculated with brucella abortus. i. gross and histologic lesions.pregnant goats were given brucella abortus intravenously or in uterine arteries, and tissues from the uterus and placentae were examined at various post-inoculation intervals to study mechanisms of placental infection. placentitis was present by 5 days post-inoculation and abortions occurred within 11 days. b. abortus was identified in placentae by light microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. b. abortus was first seen in erythrophagocytic trophoblasts of the placentome. subsequently, high n ...19863088809
pathogenesis of placentitis in the goat inoculated with brucella abortus. ii. ultrastructural studies.pregnant goats were inoculated intravenously or in uterine arteries with brucella abortus, and tissues from the uterus and placenta were examined by electron microscopy. identification of b. abortus in placentae was with antibody-coated colloidal gold. b. abortus was first seen in phagosomes of erythrophagocytic trophoblasts and in the rough endoplasmic reticulum of chorioallantoic trophoblasts. subsequently, trophoblast necrosis and ulceration of chorioallantoic membranes were present. coincide ...19863088810
morphologic lesions in brucella abortus infected ovine fetuses. 19863088813
production of brucella abortus-specific protein a-reactive antibodies (igg2) in infected and vaccinated cattle.the igg2 anti-brucella antibody response of cattle to brucella vaccination and infection was measured. three groups of animals were studied; group 1 contained 11 non-vaccinated cows, group 2, 17 cows vaccinated with a low dose of strain 19 vaccine and group 3, 17 cows vaccinated with a high dose of strain 19 vaccine. all animals were challenged at week 33 with an infectious isolate of b. abortus (strain 2308). studies of the igg2 antibodies response indicated an absolute correlation between anti ...19863088821
comparison of an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using monoclonal antibodies and a complement fixation test for cattle vaccinated and infected with brucella abortus.a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) using a monoclonal antibody conjugated to horseradish peroxidase ma(a) and a complement fixation test (cft) were applied to sera collected over a two-year period from 60 cattle challenged with brucella abortus strain 544. forty-eight of the cattle were previously vaccinated with b. abortus strain 19 (s19) or b. abortus strain 45/20 (45/20). after challenge 33 of the cattle remained uninfected and nine of the 27 infected cattle showed aberra ...19863088822
preliminary evidence for a diagnostic immunoglobulin g1 antibody response among culture-positive cows vaccinated with brucella abortus strain 19 and challenge exposed with strain 2308.the sera of cows inoculated with brucella abortus have a characteristically high titer of immunoglobulin (ig) g1 antibodies to a soluble brucella antigen compared with sera of noninoculated vaccinated cattle. concentrations of antigen-specific igg1 were greater than 10-fold higher than those for igg2, even though total igg2 concentrations were higher than total igg1 concentrations. increases in igg1 antibodies to brucella abortus soluble antigen were detected shortly after vaccination in those c ...19863089082
comparison of living and nonliving vaccines for brucella abortus in balb/c mice.the balb/c mouse was selected as a model for infection with brucella abortus on the basis of protracted nonclinical infection produced by strain 2308, virulent for cattle, and relatively rapid clearance of strain 19, an attenuated strain used to vaccinate cattle. protection in mice vaccinated with strain 19 was compared with that obtained with nonliving vaccines at early (1 week) and later (4 weeks) intervals after challenge with strain 2308 and assessed by enumeration of b. abortus organisms in ...19863089933
impaired biliary secretion of immunoglobulin a in vitamin a-deficient rats.the effect of vitamin a deficiency on biliary secretion of iga was investigated. rats used in this study were rendered vitamin a deficient following withdrawal of retinoic acid from the diet of retinoate-cycled animals. this procedure allows a precise control of both the onset of deficiency and dietary protein-energy input. defective synthesis and transport of iga antibodies into the bile was evident when vitamin a-deficient rats (a-) were immunized by injections of either brucella abortus or sh ...19863090555
ultrastructural morphometric analysis of brucella abortus-infected trophoblasts in experimental placentitis. bacterial replication occurs in rough endoplasmic reticulum.trophoblasts in normal and brucella abortus-infected caprine placentas were examined by ultrastructural morphometric analysis to establish structural relationships of b abortus with cytoplasmic organelles; brucellae were identified with colloidal gold-labeled anti-b abortus bovine igg. cytotrophoblasts had large numbers of b abortus in cisternae of rough endoplasmic reticulum; binucleate trophoblasts did not contain bacteria. in infected trophoblasts there was a significant hypertrophy of b abor ...19863090887
comparison of the results of card, rivanol, complement-fixation, and milk ring tests with the isolation rate of brucella abortus from cattle.specimens from 4,553 cows were examined by card, rivanol, and complement-fixation (cf) tests and bacteriologic culture. a ring test was performed on milk from 1,003 of these cows. the isolation rate of brucella abortus correlated directly with antibody titers, and the field strain predominated in adult-vaccinated cows when the rivanol test titer was greater than + 100 and the cf test titer was greater than 4 + 40. the cf test had the best balance of sensitivity and specificity in adult-vaccinate ...19863090911
production of auto-anti-idiotypic antibody during the normal immune response. xii. enhanced auto-anti-idiotypic antibody production as a mechanism for apparent b-cell tolerance in rabbits after feeding antigen.rabbits fed trinitrophenylated bovine serum albumin (tnp-bsa) generated fewer anti-tnp plaque-forming cells but greater numbers of hapten (tnp)-augmentable igm and igg pfc following immunization with tnp-ficoll or tnp-brucella abortus than did animals not previously fed antigen. spleen and mesenteric and bronchial lymph nodes were similarly affected. in addition more auto-anti-idiotype (id) antibody (anti-anti-tnp) was eluted by hapten from spleen cells of antigen-fed rabbits than from spleen ce ...19863091266
a low level of macrophages enhances anti-tnp plaque-forming cell generation by human lymphocytes against tnp-brucella abortus, a t-independent antigen.making use of trinitrophenyl-brucella abortus (tnp-ba), a t-independent antigen, the mechanism of antibody production in vitro by human lymphocytes was studied, focusing on the accessory role played by macrophages (m phi). human tonsillar cells and peripheral blood lymphocytes (pbl), and their fractions which were depleted of t cells, m phi, or both by rosetting with sheep erythrocytes and glass adherence plus passage through a sephadex g-10 column, were stimulated in vitro with tnp-ba under opt ...19863093097
immunomodulation with killed propionibacterium acnes in guinea pigs simultaneously vaccinated with brucella abortus strain 19.immunomodulation with killed propionibacterium acnes was attempted in guinea pigs simultaneously vaccinated with brucella abortus strain 19. two groups, each comprised of 9 guinea pigs, were injected by different routes (s.c. and or i.v.) with 1.4 mg of p. acnes and 5 x 10(8) cfu of b. abortus, s-19, while 3 other groups each received either p. acnes, b. abortus s-19, or saline (s.c.). the antibody titers to b. abortus measured at 6, 10 and 14 weeks after vaccination indicated no significant (p ...19863094237
the relationship between the isolation of brucella abortus and serological status of infected, non-vaccinated cattle.seventy two non-vaccinated cattle with various complement fixation (cf), rose bengal (rb) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) results at slaughter were examined bacteriologically and serologically. brucella abortus was recovered from 49 (68.1%) of the cattle and the use of a biphasic culture medium was entirely responsible for the detection of 6 (12.2%) of the culture positive cattle. the supramammary and retropharyngeal lymph nodes were the most rewarding tissues to culture. a compari ...19863094489
observations on the long term effects of brucella abortus infection in the horse, including effects during pregnancy and lactation.five mares and a stallion were studied from three to 30 months after experimental infection with brucella abortus strain 544. the mares bred normally. no organisms were recovered from horses or from pregnant friesian heifer contacts. titres of serum antibody in the antiglobulin (coombs) and complement fixation tests fell more slowly than those assessed by other tests. the serum of one foal yielded maternal antibody. an intradermal test was positive in infected adults only, and negative in all fo ...19863095109
laboratory-acquired meningitis caused by brucella abortus strain 19. 19863095438
variations in immunoglobulin isotype produced during the antibody response to brucella abortus and staphylococcus aureus vaccines in sheep.experiments in sheep were carried out to examine factors modifying the immunoglobulin (ig) isotype of the antibody response to brucella abortus. live b abortus (s19) stimulated higher titres of agglutinating antibody and igg1 and igg2 antibody than did killed b abortus. live b abortus stimulated a more protracted synthesis of igg2 antibody during the primary and secondary responses than did the killed s19 vaccine. in a second experiment, the capacity of live and killed staphylococcus aureus to m ...19863095897
identification of brucella abortus in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues of cows, goats, and mice with an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoenzymatic staining technique.an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunoenzymatic staining technique was evaluated for light microscopic detection of brucella organisms in formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissues. tissues from cows, goats, and mice inoculated with b abortus strain 2308 were examined, using rabbit antiserum to brucella cell surface protein as primary antibody. stained organisms were identified histologically in tissue sections containing b abortus, as detected by bacteriologic examination of duplicate nonpro ...19863096172
investigation of aberrant positive reactions to serological tests for bovine brucellosis.fifty cattle thought not to be infected with brucella abortus but giving persistent positive serological reactions, were investigated. it was concluded that only one of these was infected since exhaustive bacteriological examination produced only one isolate of b. abortus (strain 19) and none of the herds of origin was subsequently shown to be infected with brucellosis. antibody was detected in stifle joint fluid of 15 cattle, which may have been stimulated by the presence of strain 19 antigen t ...19863096271
preliminary studies on comparative efficacy of brucella abortus antigens in indirect immunofluorescence technique. 19863096883
influence of endotoxin-protein in immunoglobulin g isotype responses of mice to brucella abortus lipopolysaccharide.brucella abortus endotoxin preparations, containing approximately 5 to 6% protein, induce strong immune and adjuvant immunoglobulin g (igg) responses as compared with escherichia coli endotoxin preparations, with equivalent amounts of protein, which induce responses in which igm antibody predominates. using an enzyme-linked immunoassay with isotype-specific conjugates, we found that antibody of all four subclasses of igg were evoked during the course of the immune responses of c3h/heau mice to b ...19863096890
influence of mouse genotype on passive systemic anaphylaxis by immune complexes.the influence of mouse genotype on passive systemic anaphylaxis (psa) by immune complexes was studied. psa was induced by using brucella abortus endotoxin as the antigen and rabbit anti-brucella endotoxin antisera. experiments using syngeneic mice as well as mice congenic for h-2 showed that the h-2 haplotype influenced the sensitivity of mice to psa. among the h-2 haplotypes studied, h-2b was the most sensitive, followed by h-2k and h-2d. experiments using passive transfer of serum as well as t ...19863096895
a study using an isotope probe comparing immunoassay with serology in detection of brucella abortus antibody. 19863096906
detection of antigenic fractions from brucella abortus s45/20 which bind to non-agglutinating antibodies using electroblotting and enzyme-linked antibody probes.outer membrane antigens which bind to non-agglutinating antibodies (naab) elicited by smooth (s19) and rough (s45/20) brucella abortus strains, were extracted from s45/20 by stirring in cold 2.5% nacl and then analyzed by sds-page, electroblotting and enzyme-linked antibody test. eight bands were observed in the gel stained with coomassie blue. seven antigenic fractions were transferred to nitrocellulose by blotting. a 27-kd band was recognized by bovine anti-s45/20 non-agglutinating serum and n ...19863097916
experimentally induced brucella abortus infection in pregnant goats.pregnant goats in midgestation (7 to 16 weeks) were conjunctivally exposed to brucella abortus strain 2308 to evaluate their applicability as an animal model for bovine brucellosis. brucellae were isolated from uterine fluid and/or placental specimens of 10 of 12 does at parturition. six of the 10 infected does delivered dead fetuses and 1 of the 10 delivered live, premature twins. dead fetuses typically contained brucellae in multiple tissues, whereas brucellae generally were not isolated at bi ...19863098143
comparison of the susceptibility of brucella abortus isolates obtained before and after cows were treated with oxytetracycline and streptomycin.eight isolates of brucella abortus were obtained from cows before and after they were treated with oxytetracycline and streptomycin. the susceptibility to these antibiotics was determined by broth-dilution minimal inhibitory and minimal lethal concentrations. differences were not found in the minimal lethal concentrations of oxytetracycline or streptomycin in isolates obtained from cows before and after they were treated. this indicates that treatment failures in the cows were not the result of ...19863099613
distinct fixation of defined amounts of complement by the brucella abortus antigen and bovine antibodies under different incubation conditions in the cft.different times and temperatures of the 1st phase incubation of the complement fixation test (cft) were used. it was found that a similar decrease in complement (c') activity occurred after 2 h at 37 degrees c, after 8 h at 20 degrees c and after 18 h at 4 degrees c. simultaneously, in the same periods a double increase in standard serum titre at 4 and 20 degrees c was noted in comparison with titre at 37 degrees c. this increase of sensitivity of the cft at 4 and 20 degrees c appeared to be a s ...19863100131
[meningoencephalitis due to brucella abortus infection].a 45-year-old woman developed meningoencephalitis owing to an infection with brucella abortus. the probable source of infection was contaminated ewe's milk cheese. treatment with cefotaxim and doxycycline led to regression of the clinical symptoms and serological findings.19873100262
comparison of track xi fluorometric immunoassay system with other serologic tests for detection of serum antibody to brucella abortus in cattle.the track xi system (track) is a commercially available fluorometric immunoassay system that has been adapted for the detection of antibodies to several antigens in various animal species. serum antibodies to brucella abortus were detected by track and compared with those obtained from two primary binding assays (a fluorometric immunoassay [fiax] and an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) and three standard serological tests (complement fixation, rivanol precipitation, and card tests). a total of ...19873102552
[standardization of the complement fixation test (cft) in brucellosis. i. the polish standard of anti-brucella abortus serum].the purpose of this paper was to prepare an indigenous standard of anti-brucella abortus serum for the complement fixation test (cft) as a homologue of the secon international standard of anti-brucella abortus serum (isabs-ii), which contains 1000 international units of complement-fixing antibodies in 1 cm3. the indigenous standard of anti-brucella abortus serum (isabas) was prepared in 1975. the material used was the serum of a cow infected with br.abortus, biotype 1, under natural conditions. ...19863103110
[indices of phagocytosis of s and r forms of brucella in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis caused by brucella abortus].the characteristics of phagocytosis (phagocytic activity and phagocytic index) in patients with acute and chronic brucellosis have been studied with b. abortus s- and r-forms used as its objects. the study has revealed that higher characteristics of phagocytosis with respect to b. abortus s-forms are observed in patients with acute brucellosis, whereas in patients with chronic brucellosis taking a benign course phagocytosis is more intensive in respect of r-forms. in patients with frequent exace ...19863103351
anthropozoonotic role of brucella abortus.during a severe outbreak of brucellosis in buffaloes, two animal attendants and one veterinarian contracted brucella abortus infection. all the three persons developed clinical signs of brucellosis. a high antibody titre against br. abortus was demonstrated in the sera of these sick individuals. the organism could be isolated from the blood of one patient on tryptose agar at 37 degrees c. clinical spectrum, chemotherapy and prevention of brucellosis has been discussed.19863104224
[meningoencephalitis caused by brucella abortus infection]. 19873105995
antibodies in calves on feed supplemented with chlortetracycline after vaccination with brucella abortus strain 19.twenty dairy heifers each consumed 350 mg of chlortetracycline/day in their feed. four tests were performed on serum specimens from these and 20 control calves after vaccination with brucella abortus strain 19. the numbers of positive test results on the card test and mean titers on the tube and rivanol agglutination and complement-fixation tests were compared in the 2 groups. using the rivanol and complement-fixation tests, there were differences in the mean titers at weeks 5 and 6 after vaccin ...19873106273
atypical isolates of brucella abortus from canada and the united states characterized as dye sensitive with m antigen dominant.a total of 41 brucella isolates, examined by standard biotyping procedures, were found to be similar to brucella abortus biovar 2 in dye sensitivity but had a dominant m antigen. oxidative metabolic tests performed on 39 of the isolates confirmed them as b. abortus. additional biochemical and bacteriophage susceptibility studies were performed on 35 of the isolates. the isolates had identical reactions in the various tests, except for one isolate which was resistant to lysis by all phage strains ...19873106410
influence of xid on anti-azophenylarsonate (ar) antibody responses of (cba/n x a/j)f1 mice: differential idiotype expression induced by only one of two ar antigens.the influence of an x chromosome-linked immune deficiency gene (xid) on several properties of the anti-azophenylarsonate (ar) antibody responses of (cba/n x a/j)f1 (naf1) mice was examined. with respect to response magnitude, it was found that male, xid-expressing naf1 mice showed about 1/3 the concentration of serum anti-ar antibody as normal female naf1 mice in hyperimmune responses to brucella abortus (ba)-ar. in responses induced by keyhole limpet hemocyanin (klh)-ar, males showed responses ...19873108163
[epidemiology of bovine brucellosis in tropical africa. ii. serological analysis and identification of the first two strains of brucella abortus biotype 3 in niger]. 19863108968
relationship of fetal age at conjunctival exposure of pregnant heifers and brucella abortus isolation.pregnant heifers were exposed by a conjunctival inoculation with 1 x 10(7) colony-forming units of brucella abortus strain 2308. at parturition, milk and uterine samples from dams plus samples from dead calves were cultured bacteriologically for brucella. the logistic regression probability of b abortus isolation increased from 0.22 to 0.90, as fetal age at exposure of heifers increased from 60 to 150 gestation days. strain 2308 was recovered at parturition from 14 (64%) of 22, 17 (71%) of 24, a ...19873109289
bovine igm: does it fix guinea pig complement in the absence of bovine complement components?purified bovine isotypes igm, igg1, igg2, and iga (secretory), affinity purified with brucella abortus, were tested in a complement fixation test (cft) for their ability to activate guinea pig complement directly or in the presence of 'normal' bovine serum. only igg1 fixed guinea pig complement in the direct test and approximately 250 ng of antibody was required to activate 50% of 3 ch50 units with a standard amount of antigen. addition of 'normal' bovine serum as an additional source of complem ...19873111076
the identity, distribution and epizootiological significance of brucella isolates in australia, 1981 to 1985.results listing the identification of brucella isolates received by the national brucellosis reference centre, national biological standards laboratory, canberra from 1981 to 1985 are presented. the distribution of brucella species and biotypes is shown on a host and state basis. cultures isolated in australia were identified as brucella abortus biotypes 1, 2 and 4, and strain 19; b. suis biotype 1, and b. ovis. b. melitensis biotype 3 was recovered from man infected in the mediterranean area. b ...19873111457
the lipopolysaccharides of brucella abortus and b. melitensis. 19873111502
relationship of biological activities to structures of brucella abortus endotoxin and lps. 19873111503
[polish standard for anti-brucella abortus serum for agglutination as the basis for the standardization of the antigen for the rose bengal plate test].the aim of the study was to test out the usability of polish standard of anti-brucella abortus serum in agglutination for standardization and control of antigen commercial manufacturing. polish standard of anti-brucella abortus serum in agglutination tube test (psabas-sat) was separated on sefadeks g-200 gel to determine the content of anti-brucella antibodies of igm class, characteristic of the first stage of infection, and igg antibodies typical for chronic disease. serological examinations of ...19863111519
[serological activity of anti-brucella abortus immunoglobulins in the rose bengal plate test in cattle].the present study was to determine serological activity of cattle anti-brucella antibodies in rose bengal plate test with regard to classical tests, i.e. standard agglutination test (sat) and cft (complement fixation test). the serum containing antibodies of igm class characteristic of the early stage of infection was taken from a calf on 13th day after the administration of br. abortus s19 killed strain. the serum containing igg antibodies (igg1 and igg2 subclasses) indicating the chronic bruce ...19863111522
t-independent form of azophenylarsonate fails to reveal "silent" idiotype-positive b cells in idiotype-suppressed mice.in three distinct chronic ig-specific suppression systems in which suppression was initiated by injection of mice with anti-idiotype (id) or anti-allotype sera, evidence has been presented by others that the differentiation of b cells bearing surface ig with a target marker (id or allotype) need not be totally disrupted. normally "silent" id+ b cells from id-suppressed mice could be revealed by certain procedures, one of these being to make use of the powerful stimulatory properties of bacterial ...19873111994
differentiation of brucella abortus and yersinia enterocolitica serotype 09 infections in cattle: the use of specific lymphocyte transformation and brucellin skin tests.the lymphocyte transformation test (using an in vitro whole-blood lymphocyte stimulation procedure) and the brucellin skin test were applied to five heifers infected with virulent brucella abortus strain 544, five cows inoculated with yersinia enterocolitica serotype 09, and four non-exposed cows. lymphocytes from brucella-inoculated animals persistently gave very high blastogenic reactions indicative of active brucella infection. the test was persistently negative in yersinia-infected and non-e ...19873113038
physical and morphological characteristics of eucaryotic ribosomes and lipopolysaccharide complexes.lipopolysaccharides (lps) from pasteurella multocida or brucella abortus were complexed with aspergillus fumigatus ribosomes by mixing and fixation for 3 days in 3.8% formaldehyde. to investigate the nature of their physical association, ribosomes, lps, and ribosome-lps complexes were (i) centrifuged in cscl gradients to determine buoyant densities, (ii) examined by electron microscopy, and (iii) monitored by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. ribosomes were found to bind ...19873114145
structural and immunochemical characterization of the o-haptens of brucella abortus lipopolysaccharides from strains 19 and 2308.the o-haptens of the major fraction (f5a) of b. abortus (strains 2308 and 19) membrane bound smooth lipopolysaccharide (slps) were prepared by hydrolysis of f5a native slps in 1% acetic acid at 100 degrees c for 2 h. after hydrolysis, o-haptens were separated from lipid a-protein complex by centrifugation, and from small fragments by ultrafiltration of molecular weight cut-off (mwco) 1.0 x 10(3). these carbohydrate haptens were identified by precipitin-inhibition assay and further fractionated b ...19873114617
immunochemical and partial chemical characterization of fractions of membrane-bound smooth lipopolysaccharide-protein complex from brucella abortus.smooth lipopolysaccharide (slps) of brucella abortus was prepared and fractionated by a modification of the procedures of moreno et al. (j. bac. 138:361-369, 1979). washed b. abortus cells were disrupted by 21 freeze-quick thaw cycles with ultrasonication to separate the non-membrane-bound material. ultrasonicated bacteria were used for preparation of membrane-bound slps (approximately f5, the main crude slps fraction described by moreno et al.). phenol extraction was repeated 3 times and then w ...19873114618
detection of brucella antigen in bovine fetal stomach contents by agar gel precipitation and counter-immunoelectrophoresis.among 21 fetuses from serologically positive dams soluble brucella antigen was detected in the stomach contents in 14 instances by agar gel precipitation test and in 19 by counterimmunoelectrophoresis. brucella abortus biotype 3 was isolated from the fetal stomach contents in 15 of these cases. none of 20 fetuses from serologically negative dams revealed brucella antigen in the stomach contents in either test.19873114849
brucella abortus biotype 1 arthritis in a horse. 19873115243
immunity conferred upon mice by anti-lps monoclonal antibodies in murine brucellosis.an immune serum infused into mice prior to intravenous virulent brucella abortus challenge may reduce initial colonization of the spleen on day 7 post-challenge and increase bacteriolysis in the spleen and liver, as evidenced on day 21. three monoclonal antibodies (igg1, igg3 and igg2a) directed toward the lipopolysaccharide-a epitope (lps-a) of b. abortus were studied in this model and compared with three previously studied polyclonal immune sera. the three monoclonals restricted spleen infecti ...19873115279
kinetic analysis of cattle anti-brucella abortus s45/20 non-agglutinating antibodies in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity.calves inoculated with brucella abortus s45/20 produced, against surface antigens, non-agglutinating antibodies (naab) which were isolated and purified. a kinetic analysis was carried out of naab in antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (adcc) using sheep red blood cells labelled with surface antigen from b. abortus s45/20 as target cells. three parameters were examined: time of incubation, effector cell:target cell (e:t) ratio and naab dose. it was found that the naab were not able to m ...19873116750
characterization of a native polysaccharide hapten from brucella melitensis.the 13c nuclear magnetic resonance spectrum of brucella melitensis native polysaccharide hapten proved to be very similar to that generated by the o-specific chain (ps) isolated from b. melitensis lipopolysaccharide; that is, to a linear polymer in which the repeating unit is composed of five n-formylperosaminyl residues, one of them being substituted at position c-3 and the other four at position c-2. the serological analysis suggests that the so-called a determinant is present solely in brucel ...19873117696
preparation by ultrafiltration and control by high-performance liquid chromatography of the native hapten of brucella abortus for use in radial immunodiffusion diagnostic test.an effective method was developed for the preparation of brucella abortus native hapten by use of an ultrafiltration system. the membranes pm30 and ym5 were used to separate the lipopolysaccharide and the native hapten. the yield of the native hapten was higher than that obtained by a more complex procedure reported previously. this method is economical for the large-scale preparation of b. abortus native hapten. the effects of ultrafiltration were evaluated by a quick and sensitive high-perform ...19873117841
persistent serological titres following reduced dose brucella abortus strain 19 vaccination. 19873119143
the use of reduced-dose brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine in the control of bovine brucellosis.adult animals from a known negative and an infected herd were vaccinated with reduced-dose brucella abortus strain 19 vaccine. since some of these animals developed elevated post-vaccinal blood titres, it is suggested that, when adult vaccination is decided on, such herds should be bled and tested about 4 months after vaccination and thereafter at 2 month intervals. reactions with complement fixation titres of 392 iu ml-1 or higher on the first test should be taken as positive. during the 2nd an ...19873119851
experimental brucella abortus infection in pigs.sixteen pigs inoculated by the intra-conjunctival, intravenous or subcutaneous routes with brucella abortus strain 544 developed a short-lived infection usually accompanied by conjunctival and vaginal excretion of the organism for up to 99 days post-inoculation. serological tests performed by the agglutination, complement fixation, rose bengal plate, antiglobulin, immunodiffusion or elisa procedures with b. abortus antigens disclosed wide variations in the antibody responses of individual animal ...19873120398
distribution of brucella abortus in infected cattle.experimentally and naturally infected cattle were examined bacteriologically to determine the anatomical distribution of specimens yielding brucella abortus. in 91 experimentally infected pregnant cows, examined 3 to 4.5 months after conjunctival challenge during pregnancy, the most frequently infected specimen was the mammary (syn. supramammary) lymph node. all experimentally infected cows could be identified from cultures of the mammary, mandibular (syn. submaxillary), medial iliac, caudal sup ...19873120683
the effect of triiodothyronine on evanescent delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells and on the primary antibody response to trinitrophenylated brucella abortus in severely undernourished weanling mice.two experiments were conducted using weanling male cba/j mice. animals were fed for 14 days a nutritionally complete diet, either ad libitum, or in restricted amounts such that they lost about 30% of their weaning weight during the feeding period. half the animals from each food intake group received 0.2 mg triiodothyronine (t3)/kg diet. evanescent delayed hypersensitivity to sheep red blood cells (srbc) was depressed by malnutrition but not influenced by t3 supplementation. t3 increased nucleat ...19873123407
ifn-gamma regulates the isotypes of ig secreted during in vivo humoral immune responses.the lymphokine ifn-gamma has been shown in vitro to stimulate igg2a secretion and inhibit igg1 and ige secretion by lps-activated b lymphocytes. to determine whether ifn-gamma has a similar isotype regulatory role in vivo, we studied the abilities of rifn-gamma and a mab to ifn-gamma to modify the isotypes of ig secreted in mice injected with a goat antibody to mouse igd, which by itself induces large increases in levels of serum igg1 and ige and a relatively small increase in serum igg2a. multi ...19883125247
bovine ileal dome lymphoepithelial cells: endocytosis and transport of brucella abortus strain 19.ligated ileal loops of calves were inoculated with brucella abortus and examined at 2, 4, 6, 10, and 24 hours post-inoculation. b. abortus was identified by light and electron microscopy using immunoperoxidase and antibody-coated colloidal gold techniques. b. abortus was detected in vesicles, phagolysosomes, and large vacuoles of lymphoepithelial cells. numbers of intracellular bacteria decreased with time after inoculation. b. abortus was also seen between and below lymphoepithelial cells and f ...19883125659
effect of bovine non-agglutinating antibodies on the blood clearance of 131i-labelled brucella abortus strain 45/20.non-agglutinating anti-brucella abortus s45/20 antibodies were isolated and purified from sera of immunized cattle by means of immunoadsorption and ion-exchange chromatography (deae-sephadex a-50). they corresponded to the igg1 isotype as shown by immunoelectrophoresis using monospecific anti-igg1 and anti-bovine gamma globulin sera. these antibodies failed to agglutinate the antigen. they were detected by the anti-bovine gamma globulin test, showing higher titres than those of agglutinating ant ...19873125666
vaccination of cattle with chemically modified and unmodified salt-extractable proteins from brucella abortus.beef heifers were vaccinated on day 0 with either salt-extractable protein (csp) or chemically modified csp (dcsp) from brucella abortus strain 19 in freund's complete adjuvant (fca). six weeks later, vaccination was repeated, and heifers received either the homologous or heterologous vaccine. another group of heifers received only fca and saline. vaccinations with csp or dcsp stimulated marked antibody responses to b. abortus, as detected by standard serologic tests, an enzyme-linked immunosorb ...19873125668
histopathologic findings in brucella abortus-infected, pregnant goats.twenty-eight pregnant goats in midgestation were exposed to a bovine pathogenic strain of brucella abortus to determine the histologic changes associated with infection. does were necropsied 0 to 7 days or 4 to 6 weeks after delivery of aborted, stillborn, or live, full-term fetuses. aborted and stillborn fetuses were necropsied within 16 hours of delivery. selected, paired tissue specimens were collected for histologic and bacteriologic examination. an avidin-biotin-peroxidase complex immunosta ...19883126686
bovine brucellosis: an investigation of latency in progeny of culture-positive cows.calves (n = 150) born to cows infected with field strains of brucella abortus were weaned within 24 hours after birth or allowed to nurse until weaned (age at weaning ranged from 10 to 43 weeks). after weaning, female calves were placed in small groups in special pens constructed to prevent further direct and environmental exposure to brucellae. at weaning, male calves were moved to an isolated pasture and were kept as a single group. later, first-generation heifers were bred and placed in indiv ...19883127368
pleiotropic effects of the bcg gene. i. antigen presentation in genetically susceptible and resistant congenic mouse strains.the ag-presentation ability of bcgr and bcgs spleen cells was studied in two sets of bcg-congenic systems; namely, the balb/c-balb/c.bcgr pair and the b10.a-b10.a-bcgr pair, by using three sonicated soluble bacterial ag (mycobacterium bovis bacillus calmette-guérin, salmonella typhimurium, and brucella abortus) as well as a particulate ag (heat-killed escherichia coli). pulsed bcgr spleen cells were shown to induce a stronger proliferation of the t cell-indicator system than their bcgs counterpa ...19883127465
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