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bisucaberin--a dihydroxamate siderophore isolated from vibrio salmonicida, an important pathogen of farmed atlantic salmon (salmo salar).a siderophore of the bacterial fish pathogen, vibrio salmonicida, was isolated from low-iron culture supernatant and structurally characterized as bisucaberin by fticr- and fab-ms, nmr and gc-ms analysis of the hydrolysis products. although the cyclic dihydroxamate bisucaberin has previously been isolated from a marine bacterium, alteromonas haloplanktis, its involvement in cold-water vibriosis of atlantic salmon (salmon salar) is novel. bisucaberin production in iron-limited media was highest a ...200212046923
use of pcr-rflp for genotyping 16s rrna and characterizing bacteria cultured from halibut fry.small subunit ribosomal genes were explored using pcr-rflp to facilitate the characterization of bacteria cultured from reared fry of the atlantic halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus). concern has been expressed about pathogen invasion in larvae lacking a counteracting normal flora that may aid the immune system in producing robust noninfected individuals. in this study, pure cultured representatives of normal flora that were previously found to be antagonistic towards a pathogenic vibrio sp. wer ...200212109877
microbial communities in the chemocline of a hypersaline deep-sea basin (urania basin, mediterranean sea).the urania basin is a hypersaline sulfidic brine lake at the bottom of the eastern mediterranean sea. since this basin is located at a depth of approximately 3,500 m below the sea surface, it receives only a small amount of phytoplankton organic carbon. in the present study, the bacterial assemblages at the interface between the hypersaline brine and the overlaying seawater were investigated. the sulfide concentration increased from 0 to 10 mm within a vertical interval of 5 m across the interfa ...200111722884
a novel polymer produced by a bacterium isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete annelid.the objective of the present work was to describe an aerobic, mesophilic and heterotrophic marine bacterium, designated hyd657, able to produce an exopolysaccharide (eps). it was isolated from a east pacific rise deep-sea hydrothermal vent polychaete annelid.200212147080
[antibiotic properties of the pseudoalteromonas genus bacteria isolated from the black sea water and molluscs].antagonistic properties of 41 strains of alteromonas-like bacteria isolated from the black sea water and molluscs have been studied. being grown on the rich medium "b" for marine bacteria, 21% of strains have shown high antagonistic activity against phytopathogenic fungi; 6% of strains inhibited the growth of bacillus subtilis, proteus vulgaris and candida albicans. spectrum of antagonistic activity was essentially changed on synthetic "bm" medium with acetate, glutamate, alpha-alanine as a sing ...200212190034
identification and characterization of the gene cluster involved in chitin degradation in a marine bacterium, alteromonas sp. strain o-7.alteromonas sp. strain o-7 secretes chitinase a (chia), chitinase b (chib), and chitinase c (chic) in the presence of chitin. a gene cluster involved in the chitinolytic system of the strain was cloned and sequenced upstream of and including the chia gene. the gene cluster consisted of three different open reading frames organized in the order chid, cbp1, and chia. the chid, cbp1, and chia genes were closely linked and transcribed in the same direction. sequence analysis indicated that cbp1 (475 ...200211772635
purification and characterization of bifunctional alginate lyase from alteromonas sp. strain no. 272 and its action on saturated oligomeric substrates.a marine bacterium (strain no. 272) isolated from sea mud in omura bay produced an alginate lyase and was classified as an alteromonas species. the enzyme was purified from the culture medium of the bacterium by deae-cellulofine, sephadex g-100 gel chromatography to an electrophoretically homogeneous state in the presence and absence of sds. the molecular mass of the enzyme was 23 and 33.9 kda on sephadex g-100 column chromatography and sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, respectively, with ...200111272816
polyamine distribution patterns within the families aeromonadaceae, vibrionaceae, pasteurellaceae, and halomonadaceae, and related genera of the gamma subclass of the proteobacteria.polyamines of the four families and the five related genera within the gamma subclass of the class proteobacteria were analyzed by hplc with the objective of developing a chemotaxonomic system. the production of putrescine, diaminopropane, cadaverine, and agmatine are not exactly correlated to the phylogenetic genospecies within 36 strains of the genus aeromonas (the family aeromonadaceae) lacking in triamines. the occurrence of norspermidine was limited but not ubiquitous within the family vibr ...199712501353
stereochemical specificity of organophosphorus acid anhydrolase toward p-nitrophenyl analogs of soman and sarin.organophosphorus acid anhydrolase (opaa) catalyzes the hydrolysis of p-nitrophenyl analogs of the organophosphonate nerve agents, sarin and soman. the enzyme is stereoselective toward the chiral phosphorus center by displaying a preference for the r(p)-configuration of these analogs. opaa also exhibits an additional preference for the stereochemical configuration at the chiral carbon center of the soman analog. the preferred configuration of the chiral carbon center is dependent upon the configu ...200111300693
differential growth response of colony-forming alpha- and gamma-proteobacteria in dilution culture and nutrient addition experiments from lake kinneret (israel), the eastern mediterranean sea, and the gulf of eilat.even though it is widely accepted that bacterioplankton growth in lakes and marine ecosystems is determined by the trophic status of the systems, knowledge of the relationship between nutrient concentrations and growth of particular bacterial species is almost nonexistent. to address this question, we performed a series of culture experiments with water from lake kinneret (israel), the eastern mediterranean sea, and the gulf of eilat (northern red sea). in the initial water samples, the proporti ...200312513996
[a new family of alteromonadaceae fam. nov., including the marine proteobacteria species alteromonas, pseudoalteromonas, idiomarina i colwellia].the taxonomic position of the marine genera alteromonas, pseudoalteromonas, idiomarina, and colwellia within the gamma subclass of the class proteobacteria were specified on the basis of their phenotypic, genotypic, and phylogenetic characteristics. gram-negative aerobic bacteria of the genera alteromonas, pseudoalteromonas, and idiomarina and facultatively anaerobic bacteria of the genus colwellia were found to form a phylogenetic cluster with a 16s rrna sequence homology of 90% or higher. the ...200111338830
[tolerance of marine proteobacteria pseudoalteromonas and alteromonas to heavy metals compounds]. 200111386064
structural investigation on the lipooligosaccharide fraction of psychrophilic pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis tac 125 bacterium.the core structure of the cell-wall lipooligosaccharide (los) fraction of an antarctic gram-negative bacterium, pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis tac 125 strain, was determined to be deacetylated alditols. these were obtained from native los fraction by o-deacylation, dephosphorylation, reduction and finally n-deacylation. two novel structures were detected, the more highly represented molecule consisting of the following hexasaccharide chain: alpha-d-manpnh(2)-(1-->3)-beta-d-galp-(1-->4)-alpha-l-g ...200111589700
production and separation of alpha-agarase from altermonas agarlyticus strain gj1b.this paper presents results on the production of alpha-agarase by a fermentation process and its separation using membrane microfiltration (mf). optimization of fermentation conditions for alpha-agarase production using altermonas agarlyticus grown on medium containing agar as a carbon source was done in batch, fed-batch and continuous fermentations. continuous culture at a dilution rate of 0.03 h(-1) appeared to be best suited for production of alpha-agarase by this organism. at 0.03 h(-1) dilu ...200111396907
characterization of facultative oligotrophic bacteria from polar seas by analysis of their fatty acids and 16s rdna sequences.one hundred and seventy three bacterial strains, isolated previously after enrichment under oligotrophic, psychrophylic conditions from arctic (98 strains) and antarctic seawater (75 strains), were characterized by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis of their fatty acid compositions. by numerical analysis, 8 clusters, containing 2 to 59 strains, could be delineated, and 8 strains formed separate branches. five clusters contained strains from both poles, two minor clusters were confined to arctic ...200111403404
single-strand-specific nucleases.single-strand-specific nucleases are multifunctional enzymes and widespread in distribution. their ability to act selectively on single-stranded nucleic acids and single-stranded regions in double-stranded nucleic acids has led to their extensive application as probes for the structural determination of nucleic acids. intracellularly, they have been implicated in recombination, repair and replication, whereas extracellular enzymes have a role in nutrition. although more than 30 single-strand-spe ...200312586391
retrieval of the species alteromonas tetraodonis simidu et al. 1990 as pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis comb. nov. and emendation of description.a polyphasic taxonomy study was undertaken of three strains of pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis subsp. tetraodonis (simidu et al. 1990) gauthier et al. 1995. dna was prepared from each of the strains and genomic relatedness was measured by dna-dna hybridization. strains kmm 458t and iam 14160t shared 99% genetic relatedness, but were only 48-49% related to the type strain of pseudoalteromonas haloplanktis subsp. haloplanktis, iam 12915t. the third strain, p. haloplanktis subsp. tetraodonis a-m, sh ...200111411675
enzymatically depolymerized alginate oligomers that cause cytotoxic cytokine production in human mononuclear cells.enzymatically depolymerized guluronate and mannuronate oligomers were prepared from polyuronates with an alginate lyase from a pseudoalteromonas sp., and their effects on mononuclear cells from human peripheral blood were examined. conditioned medium prepared by the incubation of cells with an untreated polyuronate had little effect on growth of human leukemic u937 cells, but a medium prepared with depolymerized uronate oligomers inhibited their growth. inhibition was greater in a medium prepare ...200312728983
are readily culturable bacteria in coastal north sea waters suppressed by selective grazing mortality?we studied the growth of six culturable bacterial lineages from coastal north sea picoplankton in environmental samples under different incubation conditions. the grazing pressure of heterotrophic nanoflagellates (hnf) was reduced either by double prefiltration through 0.8- micro m-pore-size filters or by 10-fold dilutions with 0.2- micro m (pore-size) prefiltered seawater. we hypothesized that those gamma-proteobacterial genera that are rapidly enriched would also be most strongly affected by h ...200312732530
a novel, highly viscous polysaccharide excreted by an alteromonas isolated from a deep-sea hydrothermal vent shrimp.a deep-sea, mesophilic, aerobic, and heterotrophic microorganism, able to produce an extracellular polysaccharide, was isolated from a shrimp collected near an active hydrothermal vent of the mid-atlantic ridge. on the basis of phenotypic and phylogenetic analyses and dna/dna relatedness, this strain could be assigned to the species alteromonas macleodii as a variant of the fijiensis subspecies. it was selected for its ability to exhibit a swarming mucoid phenotype on specific media. the bacteri ...200312732953
glaciecola mesophila sp. nov., a novel marine agar-digesting bacterium.alteromonas-like strains kmm 241(t) and kmm 642, isolated from marine invertebrate specimens, were investigated to clarify their taxonomic position. the novel isolates were aerobic, gram-negative, motile, slightly halophilic and heterotrophic and hydrolysed polysaccharides. they did not hydrolyse urea, gelatin or casein and produced acid weakly from carbohydrates. the dna g + c content ranged between 44.6 and 44.8 mol%. dna-dna similarity between the two strains was 71%. comparison of the 16s rr ...200312807181
characterization, chemical modifications and in vitro anticoagulant properties of an exopolysaccharide produced by alteromonas infernus.a new low-molecular-weight 'heparin-like' component was obtained from an exopolysaccharide produced by a mesophilic strain found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents. data concerning the structure of the native high-molecular-weight exopolysaccharide (10(6) g/mol, 10% sulfate content) are reported for the first time. two depolymerization processes were used to obtain low-molecular-weight (24-35x10(3) g/mol) oversulfated fractions (sulfate content 20 or 40%). nuclear magnetic resonance studies indicate ...200111687301
tolerance to various toxicants by marine bacteria highly resistant to mercury.bacteria highly resistant to mercury isolated from seawater and sediment samples were tested for growth in the presence of different heavy metals, pesticides, phenol, formaldehyde, formic acid, and trichloroethane to investigate their potential for growth in the presence of a variety of toxic xenobiotics. we hypothesized that bacteria resistant to high concentrations of mercury would have potential capacities to tolerate or possibly degrade a variety of toxic materials and thus would be importan ...200312876655
the kappa-carrageenase of p. carrageenovora features a tunnel-shaped active site: a novel insight in the evolution of clan-b glycoside hydrolases.kappa-carrageenans are gel-forming, sulfated 1,3-alpha-1,4-beta-galactans from the cell walls of marine red algae. the kappa-carrageenase from the marine, gram-negative bacterium pseudoalteromonas carrageenovora degrades kappa-carrageenan both in solution and in solid state by an endoprocessive mechanism. this beta-galactanase belongs to the clan-b of glycoside hydrolases.200111435116
spatial and temporal variations in chitinolytic gene expression and bacterial biomass production during chitin degradation.growth of the chitin-degrading marine bacterium s91 on solid surfaces under oligotrophic conditions was accompanied by the displacement of a large fraction of the surface-derived bacterial production into the flowing bulk aqueous phase, irrespective of the value of the surface as a nutrient source. over a 200-h period of surface colonization, 97 and 75% of the bacterial biomass generated on biodegradable chitin and a nonnutritional silicon surface, respectively, detached to become part of the fr ...200010919823
similarity of tetracycline resistance genes isolated from fish farm bacteria to those from clinical isolates.tetracycline-resistant (tet(r)) bacteria were isolated from fishes collected at three different fish farms in the southern part of japan in august and september 2000. of the 66 tet(r) gram-negative strains, 29 were identified as carrying tetb only. four carried tety, and another four carried tetd. three strains carried tetc, two strains carried tetb and tety, and one strain carried tetc and tetg. sequence analyses indicated the identity in tet(r) genes between the fish farm bacteria and clinical ...200312957921
hepatic cholangiocarcinoma and testicular mesothelioma in a wild-caught blue shark, prionace glauca (l.).an adult male blue shark, prionace glauca (l.), caught in july 2000 by a recreational fisherman off long island, new york, usa, had a retained fishing hook from a previous capture. the hook penetrated the gastric wall and lacerated the right liver lobe. macroscopic lesions consisted of transmural gastritis and peritonitis. alteromonas sp. and vibrio alginolyticus were isolated from the peritoneal fluid. in addition, a well delineated, sessile mass was found on the otherwise normal serosa of the ...200312962210
halogenated metabolites from the new okinawan red alga laurencia yonaguniensis.a novel brominated diterpene based on the rare neoirieane skeleton, named neoirietetraol (1), has been isolated along with a halogenated c15 acetogenin, (3z)-laurenyne (2), from a new laurencia species, l.yonaguniensis masuda et abe, species inedita, collected at yonaguni island, okinawa prefecture, japan. the structures of these metabolites were elucidated by spectroscopic data (ir, 1h nmr, 13c nmr, 2d nmr, and ms). neoirietetraol (1) was toxic to the brine shrimp (altemia salina; lc50, 40.1 mi ...200211908989
prevalence and microdiversity of alteromonas macleodii-like microorganisms in different oceanic regions.the presence, prevalence and variability of microorganisms related to the species alteromonas macleodii, a well known culturable gamma-proteobacterium, has been studied in different seawater samples from diverse geographical locations, in both the northern and southern hemispheres, and tested with two molecular techniques (rrna hybridization and gene cloning and sequencing). results show that a. macleodii-like microorganisms are present in high proportions in north atlantic and, especially, medi ...200211966824
extracellular polysaccharides of rhodococcus rhodochrous s-2 stimulate the degradation of aromatic components in crude oil by indigenous marine bacteria.rhodococcus rhodochrous s-2 produces extracellular polysaccharides (s-2 eps) containing d-glucose, d-galactose, d-mannose, d-glucuronic acid, and lipids, which is important to the tolerance of this strain to an aromatic fraction of (af) arabian light crude oil (n. iwabuchi, n. sunairi, h. anzai, m. nakajima, and s. harayama, appl. environ. microbiol. 66:5073-5077, 2000). in the present study, we examined the effects of s-2 eps on the growth of indigenous marine bacteria on af. indigenous bacteri ...200211976106
a serine protease-encoding gene (aprii) of alteromonas sp. strain o-7 is regulated by the iron uptake regulator (fur) protein.the ferric uptake regulator (fur) box-like sequence was located upstream of the serine protease-encoding gene (aprii) from a marine bacterium, alteromonas sp. strain o-7. to clarify whether the production of aprii (the gene product of aprii) is regulated by the environmental iron concentrations, this strain was cultured under iron-depleted or iron-rich conditions and the level of aprii in the culture supernatant was analyzed by western blotting. the production of aprii was significantly represse ...200010966390
molecular cloning of the gene encoding a novel beta-n-acetylhexosaminidase from a marine bacterium, alteromonas sp. strain o-7, and characterization of the cloned enzyme.we have reported that the chitinolytic system of alteromonas sp. strain o-7 consists of chitinases (chia, chib, and chic), a chitinase-like enzyme (chid), beta-n-acetylglucosaminidases (glcnacasesa, glcnacaseb, and glcnacasec), and a novel transglycosylative enzyme (hex99). the gene encoding a beta-hexosaminidase with an unusual substrate specificity (hex86), located upstream of the hex99 gene, was cloned and sequenced. the gene encoded a protein of 761 amino acids with a calculated molecular ma ...200211999431
[microbial polysaccharides of marine origin and their potential in human therapeutics].bacterial polysaccharides offer fascinating potential applications for the pharmaceutical industry. although many known marine bacteria produce exopolysaccharides (eps), continuation in looking for new polysaccharide-producing micro-organisms is promising. marine bacteria, isolated from deep-sea hydrothermal vents, have demonstrated their ability to produce in aerobic conditions, unusual eps. with the aim of discovering biological activities, eps presenting different structural features were stu ...200415063931
validation of publication of new names and new combinations previously effectively published outside the ijsem. 200111491317
protective effect caused by the exopolymer excreted by pseudoalteromonas antarctica nf(3) on liposomes against the action of octyl glucoside.the capacity of the glycoprotein (gp) excreted by pseudoalteromonas antarctica nf(3), to protect phosphatidylcholine (pc) liposomes against the action of octyl glucoside (og) was studied in detail. increasing amounts of gp assembled with liposomes resulted for the same interaction step in a linear increase in the effective surfactant to pc molar ratios (re) and in a linear fall in the surfactant partitioning between bilayer and the aqueous phase (partition coefficients k). thus, the higher the p ...200011036228
the iota-carrageenase of alteromonas fortis. a beta-helix fold-containing enzyme for the degradation of a highly polyanionic polysaccharide.carrageenans are gel-forming hydrocolloids extracted from the cell walls of marine red algae. they consist of d-galactose residues bound by alternate alpha(1-->3) and beta(1-->4) linkages and substituted by one (kappa-carrageenan), two (iota-carrageenan), or three (lambda-carrageenan) sulfate-ester groups per disaccharide repeating unit. both the kappa- and iota-carrageenan chains adopt ordered conformations leading to the formation of highly ordered aggregates of double-stranded helices. severa ...200111493601
o-specific polysaccharide of the marine bacterium "alteromonas marinoglutinosa" ncimb 1770.the o-specific polysaccharide of the marine bacterium "alteromonas marinoglutinosa" ncimb 1770 was obtained by mild acid degradation of the corresponding lipopolysaccharide and found to contain d-galactose, n-acetyl-d-glucosamine, and n-acetyl-d-mannosamine residues in equimolar ratio. based on methylation analysis, periodate oxidation, and 13c-nmr spectroscopy data of native and modified polysaccharides, the following structure of the trisaccharide repeating unit of the o-specific polysaccharid ...200111566059
a metalloprotease (mpriii) involved in the chitinolytic system of a marine bacterium, alteromonas sp. strain o-7.alteromonas sp. strain o-7 secretes several proteins in addition to chitinolytic enzymes in response to chitin induction. in this paper, we report that one of these proteins, designated mpriii, is a metalloprotease involved in the chitin degradation system of the strain. the gene encoding mpriii was cloned in escherichia coli. the open reading frame of mpriii encoded a protein of 1,225 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 137,016 da. analysis of the deduced amino acid sequence of mpri ...200212406750
from extreme environments to biologically active exopolysaccharides.in the course of the discovery of novel polysaccharides of biotechnological interest, it is now widely accepted that extremophilic microorganisms will provide a valuable resource not only for exploitation in novel biotechnological processes but also as models for investigating how biomolecules are stabilized when subjected to extreme conditions. microbes isolated from extreme environments offer a great diversity in chemical and physical properties of their eps as compared to anywhere else in the ...200315296169
identification of dna-synthesizing bacterial cells in coastal north sea plankton.we describe a method for microscopic identification of dna-synthesizing cells in bacterioplankton samples. after incubation with the halogenated thymidine analogue bromodeoxyuridine (brdu), environmental bacteria were identified by fluorescence in situ hybridization (fish) with horseradish peroxidase (hrp)-linked oligonucleotide probes. tyramide signal amplification was used to preserve the fish staining during the subsequent immunocytochemical detection of brdu incorporation. dna-synthesizing c ...200212406771
a preliminary report of phylogenetic diversity of bacterial strains isolated from marine creatures.bacterial diversity among marine creatures, especially molluscs, as a source for searching out novel lineages of bacteria, was studied. marine creatures were collected at the coasts of the kanto area in japan. a total of 116 strains of bacteria were isolated from the intestines of 19 species of marine creatures includings molluscs, pisces and protochordata. partial sequencing of 16s rdna revealed that most of the isolates belonged to the gamma subclass of the proteobacteria and cytophaga-flavoba ...200212501435
probiotic and nutritional effects of microbial communities on axenic cultures of a rotifer strain brachionus plicatilis. 200415560221
rapid screening and dereplication of bacterial isolates from marine sponges of the sula ridge by intact-cell-maldi-tof mass spectrometry (icm-ms).rapid grouping of bacterial isolates is critical in comprehensive microbial studies of environmental samples or screening programmes e.g. in unknown marine environments where large numbers of strains have to be isolated on different growth media. sets of bacteria have been cultured from the marine sponges isops phlegraei, haliclona sp. 1, phakellia ventilabrum and plakortis sp. growing at a depth of about 300 m on the sula ridge close to the norwegian coast. we employed intact-cell maldi-tof (ic ...200415614563
2-n-pentyl-4-quinolinol produced by a marine alteromonas sp. and its potential ecological and biogeochemical roles.bacterium-bacterium interactions occur at intimate spatial scales on the order of micrometers, but our knowledge of interactions at this level is rudimentary. antagonism is a potential interaction in such microenvironments. to study the ecological role of antibiosis, we developed a model system involving an antibiotic-producing isolate (swat5) derived from a marine particle and its dominant antibiotic product, 2-n-pentyl-4-quinolinol (pq). this system was used to address questions about the sign ...200312514043
[the new biocontrol strategy of algae pollution]. 200112549097
molecular analysis of the gene encoding a novel cold-adapted chitinase (chib) from a marine bacterium, alteromonas sp. strain o-7.the chitinase b (chib) secreted by alteromonas sp. strain o-7 was purified, and the corresponding gene (chib) was cloned and sequenced. the open reading frame of the chib gene encodes a protein of 850 amino acids with a calculated molecular mass of 90,223 da. chib is a modular enzyme consisting of two reiterated domains and a catalytic domain belonging to chitinase family 18. the reiterated domains are composed of chitin-binding domain (chtbd) type 3 and two fibronectin type iii (fn3)-like domai ...200312562783
gtx(4) imposters: characterization of fluorescent compounds synthesized by pseudomonas stutzeri sf/ps and pseudomonas/alteromonas ptb-1, symbionts of saxitoxin-producing alexandrium spp.saxitoxins, the etiological agent of paralytic shellfish poisoning, are synthesized by dinoflagellates and cyanobacteria. several reports indicate that bacteria are capable of saxitoxin synthesis. two bacterial strains were isolated from saxitoxin-producing dinoflagellates, alexandrium tamarense and a. lusitanicum (=alexandrium minutum), and grown under a variety of culture conditions including those previously reported to induce saxitoxin synthesis in bacteria. five fluorescent compounds were a ...200312565757
diversity of 746 heterotrophic bacteria isolated from microbial mats from ten antarctic lakes.microbial mats, growing in antarctic lakes constitute unique and very diverse habitats. in these mats microorganisms are confronted with extreme life conditions. we isolated 746 bacterial strains from mats collected from ten lakes in the dry valleys (lakes hoare and fryxell), the vestfold hills (lakes ace, druzhby, grace, highway, pendant, organic and watts) and the larsemann hills (lake reid), using heterotrophic growth conditions. these strains were investigated by fatty acid analysis, and by ...200212583721
biodegradation of toxic chemicals in guayanilla bay, puerto rico.studies were conducted to assess the factors that may influence the rate and extent of biodegradation of biphenyl, naphthalene, phenanthrene, pentachlorophenol (pcp) and p-nitrophenol in water samples collected from the guayanilla bay (18 degrees n; 67.45 degrees w), southwest of puerto rico. in vitro studies mediated slow degradation of biphenyl, naphthalene and phenanthrene substrates by natural microbial flora present in the bay. addition of kno(3) as a source of inorganic n greatly enhanced ...200312705914
[characterization of microbial population present in the edible seaweed, monostroma undulatum, wittrock].the microbiological quality of monostroma undulatum, wittrock from the southern argentinean coast, was studied for its application for human food. also the diversity and function of the native bacterial population to this green seaweed was analyzed. samples were collected in puerto deseado, province of santa cruz, southern argentina (47 degrees 45'l.s., 65 degrees 55'l.w). the samples were analyzed for the presence of psycotrophic heterotrophic bacteria, marine heterotrophic bacteria, low nutrit ...200415807211
incorporation of glucose under anoxic conditions by bacterioplankton from coastal north sea surface waters.it has been hypothesized that the potential for anaerobic metabolism might be a common feature of bacteria in coastal marine waters (l. riemann and f. azam, appl. environ. microbiol. 68: 5554-5562, 2002). therefore, we investigated whether different phylogenetic groups of heterotrophic picoplankton from the coastal north sea were able to take up a simple carbon source under anoxic conditions. oxic and anoxic incubations (4 h) or enrichments (24 h) of seawater with radiolabeled glucose were perfo ...200515811993
degradation of chlorinated biphenyl, dibenzofuran, and dibenzo-p-dioxin by marine bacteria that degrade biphenyl, carbazole, or dibenzofuran.marine bacterial strains (bp-ph, car-sf, and dbf-mak) were isolated using biphenyl, carbazole (car), or dibenzofuran (df) respectively as substrates for growth. their 16s ribosomal dna sequences showed that the species closest to strain bp-ph, strain car-sf, and strain dbf-mak are alteromonas macleodii (96.3% identity), neptunomonas naphthovorans (93.1% identity), and cycloclasticus pugetii (97.3% identity), respectively. the metabolites produced suggested that strain car-sf degrades car via dio ...200312834291
assignment of 'alteromonas marinoglutinosa' ncimb 1770 to pseudoalteromonas mariniglutinosa sp. nov., nom. rev., comb. nov.the taxonomic position of the marine bacterium 'alteromonas marinoglutinosa' ncimb 1770 was investigated in a polyphasic study. analysis of 16s rdna sequence and dna-dna reassociation values confirmed the phylogenetic position of strain ncimb 1770 within the genus pseudoalteromonas as a separate species, distinct from all pseudoalteromonas species with validly described names. on the basis of physiological and molecular properties, it is proposed that strain ncimb 1770 is classified as pseudoalt ...200312892134
characterization of a chitin-binding protein gp37 of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus.the gp37 amino acid sequence of spodoptera litura multicapsid nucleopolyhedrovirus (spltmnpv) was compared with other baculovirus gp37, entomopoxvirus fusolin, the enhancing factor of pseudaletia separata entomopoxvirus, and alteromonas sp. chitin-binding protein 1. in these proteins, five 'conserved regions' previously reported constitute a chitin-binding domain. spltmnpv gp37 effectively bound to purified crab shell chitin and the dissociation constant (kd) for binding was 0.28 microm. immunof ...200312951271
alteromonas marina sp. nov., isolated from sea water of the east sea in korea.two gram-negative, motile, non-spore-forming and moderately halophilic rods (strains sw-47(t) and sw-49) were isolated from sea water of the east sea in korea and subjected to a polyphasic taxonomic study. the two strains grew optimally between 30 and 37 degrees c, and grew at 4 and 44 degrees c but not at temperatures above 45 degrees c. they grew optimally in the presence of 2-5 % (w/v) nacl, but did not grow in the absence of nacl. strains sw-47(t) and sw-49 had ubiquinone-8 (q-8) as the pred ...200313130060
relationship between temporary inhibition and structure of disulfide-linkage analogs of marinostatin, a natural ester-linked protein protease inhibitor.a 12-residue marinostatin [mst(1-12): (1)fatmrypsdsde(12)] which contains two ester linkages of thr(3)-asp(9) and ser(8)-asp(11) strongly inhibits subtilisin. in order to study the relationship between the inhibitory activity, structure, and stability of mst, mst analogs were prepared by changing ester linkages to a disulfide linkages. the analogs without the disulfide linkage between 3 and 9 positions lost their inhibitory activity. the k(i) value of 1ss(c(3)-c(9)) ((1)facmrypscsde(12)), which ...200516000118
culturable and nonculturable bacterial symbionts in the toxic benthic dinoflagellate ostreopsis lenticularis.the toxic benthic dinoflagellate ostreopsis lenticularis hosts a variety of symbiont bacterial flora. laboratory cultured ostreopsis clones require the presence of symbiotic pseudomonas/alteromonas bacterial strains for growth and toxicity development. three culturable bacterial strains associated with ostreopsis were identified as pseudomonas/alteromonas strain 1, pseudomonas/alteromonas strain 2 and acinetobacter. denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (dgge) analyses of extracted ostreopsis ...200314505943
role of the n-terminal polycystic kidney disease domain in chitin degradation by chitinase a from a marine bacterium, alteromonas sp. strain o-7.the aim of study was to clarify whether the polycystic kidney disease (pkd) domain of chitinase a (chia) participates in the hydrolysis of powdered chitin.200516108796
the structural bases of the processive degradation of iota-carrageenan, a main cell wall polysaccharide of red algae.iota-carrageenans are sulfated 1,3-alpha-1,4-beta-galactans from the cell walls of red algae, which auto-associate into crystalline fibers made of aggregates of double-stranded helices. iota-carrageenases, which constitute family 82 of glycoside hydrolases, fold into a right-handed beta-helix. here, the structure of alteromonas fortis iota-carrageenase bound to iota-carrageenan fragments was solved at 2.0a resolution (pdb 1ktw). the enzyme holds a iota-carrageenan tetrasaccharide (subsites +1 to ...200314623184
iron(iii) coordination chemistry of alterobactin a: a siderophore from the marine bacterium alteromonas luteoviolacea.alterobactin a is a siderophore produced by the oceanic bacterium alteromonas luteoviolacea. the thermodynamic stability constant of the ferric alterobactin a (alt-a) complex was estimated from electrochemical measurements on the basis of a previously reported linear relationship between the reduction potentials and the ph-independent stability constants for known iron(iii) complexes. the reduction potential of the ferric alterobactin a complex determined by square wave voltammetry is -0.972 v v ...200516212394
aestuariibacter salexigens gen. nov., sp. nov. and aestuariibacter halophilus sp. nov., isolated from tidal flat sediment, and emended description of alteromonas macleodii.two strictly aerobic, halophilic strains of the gamma-proteobacteria, designated jc2042(t) and jc2043(t), were obtained from a sediment sample of getbol, the korean tidal flat. comparative 16s rdna sequence studies revealed that the test strains were related most closely to the type strains of the genera alteromonas (93.5-95.5 %) and glaciecola (91.1-93.3 %). phylogenetic analyses demonstrated that strains jc2042(t) and jc2043(t) formed a distinct monophyletic clade within the family alteromonad ...200415023977
cloning, nucleotide sequence and expression of the beta-n-acetylglucosaminidase gene from aeromonas sp. no. 10s-24.the beta-glcnacase gene of aeromonas sp. no. 10s-24 was cloned and sequenced. the gene consisted of 2505 bp encoding 835 amino acid residues. the amino acid sequence of the gene shares sequence homology with beta-glcnacases of vibrio vulnificus (37.4%), serratia marcescens (36.4%), v. harveyi (36.4%), v. parahemolyticus (33.5%), alteromonas sp. strain o-7 (27.0%), and candida albicans (28.6%). the beta-glcnacase gene of aeromonas sp. no. 10s-24 was about 630-fold overexpressed in escherichia col ...200016232720
microtiter assay for glutamine synthetase biosynthetic activity using inorganic phosphate detection.a microtiter assay was developed for the improved detection of inorganic phosphate released from adenosine 5'-triphosphate (atp) in the glutamine synthetase biosynthetic assay. in this assay, ascorbic acid replaces the traditionally used ferrous sulfate to reduce the phosphomolybdate complex. as a result, increased color development, linearity, and sensitivity are achieved. additionally, in the microtiter format, multiple sets of kinetic experiments can be rapidly performed in parallel. the colo ...200415033518
bacterial distribution and phylogenetic diversity in the changjiang estuary before the construction of the three gorges dam.the bacterial community structure in the changjiang estuary was studied for comparison with future changes, related to the construction of the three gorges dam. population densities of bacteria in the surface water at station c1 estimated by cfu on marine agar plates and by dapi direct count, were 2.8 x 10(4) ml(-1) and 4.2 x 10(5) ml(-1), respectively. physicochemical properties of water, such as temperature and salinity, suggested that station c1 was affected by freshwater from the changjiang ...200211984631
agarivorans albus gen. nov., sp. nov., a gamma-proteobacterium isolated from marine animals.six bacterial strains were isolated from healthy marine organisms that were collected from the coast of the kanto area in japan. phylogenetic analysis based on 16s rdna sequence similarity showed that the six isolates formed a separate cluster in the gamma-proteobacteria and were related to the genera alteromonas and glaciecola (<91.6 % similarity). the isolates were related closely to each other (dna-dna reassociation values of 74-93 %). the isolates had a polar flagellum and were gram-negative ...200415143010
phylogenetic diversity of numerically important arctic sea-ice bacteria cultured at subzero temperature.heterotrophic bacteria in sea ice play a key role in carbon cycling, but little is known about the predominant players at the phylogenetic level. in a study of both algal bands and clear ice habitats within summertime arctic pack ice from the chukchi sea, we determined the abundance of total bacteria and actively respiring cells in melted ice samples using epifluorescence microscopy and the stains 4', 6'-diamidino-2-phenylindole 2hcl (dapi) and 5-cyano-2,3-ditolyl tetrazolium chloride (ctc), res ...200212037610
characterization of a novel beta-agarase from marine alteromonas sp. sy37-12 and its degrading products.the phenotypic and agarolytic features of an unidentified marine bacteria isolated from the southern ocean of china was studied. the strain was gram-negative, aerobic, and polarly flagellated. it was identified as the genus alteromonas according to its morphological and physiological characterization. in solid agar, the isolate produced a diffusible agarase that caused agar softening around the colonies. an extracellular agarase was purified by the procedure of ammonium sulfate precipitation, ge ...200616317543
effect of carbon dioxide on growth of meat spoilage bacteria.the ability of co(2) to inhibit respiration and growth of representative strains of seven species of meat spoilage bacteria was examined. enterobacter and microbacterium thermosphactum were unaffected by co(2). both respiration and growth of the other species were inhibited. with four of the species (fluorescent and nonfluorescent pseudomonas, alteromonas putrefaciens, and yersinia enterocolitica), the inhibition pattern in a complex medium was similar, and inhibition was incomplete and reached ...198016345503
structure of o-specific polysaccharide from pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens strain kmm 161.on mild acid degradation of the lipopolysaccharide of the marine microorganism pseudoalteromonas nigrifaciens kmm 161 an o-specific polysaccharide containing d-galactose, 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-d-glucose, 3,6-dideoxy-3-(4-hydroxybutyramido)-d-galactose, and 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-l-guluronic acid residues was obtained. from the results of smith degradation, o-deacetylation of the polysaccharide, and nmr spectroscopy the following structure of the tetrasaccharide repeating unit of the o-specific polysa ...200212126475
assimilatory sulfur metabolism in marine microorganisms: considerations for the application of sulfate incorporation into protein as a measurement of natural population protein synthesis.the sulfur content of residue protein was determined for pure cultures of nitrosococcus oceanus, desulfovibrio salexigens, 4 mixed populations of fermentative bacteria, 22 samples from mixed natural population enrichments, and 11 nutritionally and morphologically distinct isolates from enrichments of sargasso sea water. the average 1.09 +/- 0.14% (by weight) s in protein for 13 pure cultures agrees with the 1.1% calculated from average protein composition. an operational value encompassing all m ...198216345919
structural studies of the main exopolysaccharide produced by the deep-sea bacterium alteromonas infernus.the structure of the extracellular polysaccharide produced by the mesophilic species, alteromonas infernus, found in deep-sea hydrothermal vents and grown under laboratory conditions, has been investigated using partial depolymerization, methylation analysis, mass spectrometry and nmr spectroscopy. the repeating units of this polysaccharide is a nonasaccharide with the following structure: [carbohydrate: see text].200415388352
variation in quantitative requirements for na for transport of metabolizable compounds by the marine bacteria alteromonas haloplanktis 214 and vibrio fischeri.the rates of uptake by alteromonas haloplanktis of 19 metabolizable compounds and by v. fischeri of 16 of 17 metabolizable compounds were negligible in the absence of added alkali-metal cations but rapid in the presence of na. only d-glucose uptake by v. fischeri occurred at a reasonable rate in the absence of alkali-metal cations, although the rate was further increased by added na, k, or li. quantitative requirements for na for the uptake of 11 metabolites by a. haloplanktis and of 6 metabolit ...198716347378
phylogenetic relationships among marine alteromonas-like proteobacteria: emended description of the family alteromonadaceae and proposal of pseudoalteromonadaceae fam. nov., colwelliaceae fam. nov., shewanellaceae fam. nov., moritellaceae fam. nov., ferrimonadaceae fam. nov., idiomarinaceae fam. nov. and psychromonadaceae fam. nov.the phylogenetic relationships among marine alteromonas-like bacteria of the genera alteromonas, pseudoalteromonas, glaciecola, thalassomonas, colwellia, idiomarina, oceanimonas, oceanisphaera, shewanella, moritella, ferrimonas, psychromonas and several other genera of the 'gammaproteobacteria' were studied. results of 16s rrna gene sequence analyses revealed that some members of these genera formed several coherent groups at the family level. characteristic signature oligonucleotides for studie ...200415388743
bacterial colonization of cod (gadus morhua l.) and halibut (hippoglossus hippoglossus) eggs in marine aquaculture.aquaculture has brought about increased interest in mass production of marine fish larvae. problems such as poor egg quality and mass mortality of fish larvae have been prevalent. the intensive incubation techniques that often result in bacterial overgrowth on fish eggs could affect the commensal relationship between the indigenous microflora and opportunistic pathogens and subsequently hamper egg development, hatching, larval health, and ongrowth. little information about the adherent microflor ...198916347937
effect of na concentration and nutritional factors on the lag phase and exponential growth rates of the marine bacterium deleya aesta and of other marine species.growth of the marine bacterium deleya aesta in a succinate minimal medium showed increasingly long lag phases as na was decreased below the optimum (200 to 500 mm). the minimum na concentration permitting growth consistently was 15 mm. supplementation of the medium with khco(3) (as a source of co(2)) or yeast extract, especially in combination, reduced the lag phase, increased the rate of exponential growth, and allowed growth at 8 mm na. khco(3) did not reduce the lag period but did increase th ...198916347969
salinimonas chungwhensis gen. nov., sp. nov., a moderately halophilic bacterium from a solar saltern in korea.a halophilic non-spore-forming bacterium of the gamma-proteobacteria, designated strain bh030046t, was isolated from a solar saltern in korea. cells were gram-negative, chemoheterotrophic, short rod-shaped and motile with a polar flagellum. comparative 16s rrna gene sequence analysis revealed that strain bh030046t formed a distinct lineage in the family alteromonadaceae and was distinguished from its closest related genera alteromonas (91.4-94.8 %), aestuariibacter (92.1-93.5 %) and glaciecola ( ...200515653881
indigenous bacteria in hemolymph and tissues of marine bivalves at low temperatures.hemolymph and soft tissues of pacific oysters (crassostrea gigas) kept in sand-filtered seawater at temperatures between 1 and 8 degrees c were normally found to contain bacteria, with viable counts (cfu) in hemolymph in the range 1.4 x 10 to 5.6 x 10 bacteria per ml. pseudomonas, alteromonas, vibrio, and aeromonas organisms dominated, with a smaller variety of morphologically different unidentified strains. hemolymph and soft tissues of horse mussels (modiolus modiolus), locally collected from ...199316348962
purification and properties of a highly active organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from alteromonas undina.a highly active organophosphorus acid anhydrolase from alteromonas undina was purified to homogeneity and found to be composed of a single polypeptide chain with a molecular weight of 53,000. with diisopropylfluorophosphate as a substrate, the purified enzyme has a specific activity of approximately 575 mumol/min/mg of protein. the enzyme has optimum activity at ph 8.0 and 55 degrees c and is stimulated by sulfhydryl reducing agents and manganese. it is capable of rapidly hydrolyzing a wide rang ...199316349054
[a primary study on antimicrobial and cytotoxic activity of marine bacteria].marine bacteria were isolated from marine organisms including invertebrates and seaweeds and from sea water and sediments of different sea area. ethyl acetate extractions of marine bacterial fermentation were screened for antimicrobial and cytotoxicity activities by using the methods of agar diffusion and mtt assay, and the relationship of active bacteria and their origin was studied. the results showed that 42 strains among total 341 isolated marine bacteria had antimicrobial activity, and 7 st ...200415669499
catalytic asymmetric synthesis of a potent thiomarinol antibiotic.thiomarinols, isolated from the bacterium alteromonas rava sp. nov. sank 73390, are potent marine antibiotics that possess both gram-positive and gram-negative activity. the first total synthesis of a member of the thiomarinol class of marine antibiotics was achieved in a remarkable global yield of 22% (from 3-boronoacrolein pinacolate). the highlight of this synthesis is the efficient catalytic enantio-, regio-, e/z-, and diastereoselective three-component inverse electron demand diels-alder/al ...200515700983
solution structure of marinostatin, a natural ester-linked protein protease inhibitor.marinostatin is a unique protein protease inhibitor containing two ester linkages. we have purified a 12-residue marinostatin [mst(1-12), (1)fatmrypsdsde(12)] and determined the residues involved in the formation of the ester linkages and the solution structure by (1)h nmr spectroscopy and restrained molecular dynamics calculation. the two ester linkages of mst(1-12) are formed between hydroxyl and carboxyl groups, thr(3)-asp(9) and ser(8)-asp(11), indicating that mst(1-12) has two cyclic region ...200515709758
bioinformatic analysis of an unusual gene-enzyme relationship in the arginine biosynthetic pathway among marine gamma proteobacteria: implications concerning the formation of n-acetylated intermediates in prokaryotes.the n-acetylation of l-glutamate is regarded as a universal metabolic strategy to commit glutamate towards arginine biosynthesis. until recently, this reaction was thought to be catalyzed by either of two enzymes: (i) the classical n-acetylglutamate synthase (nags, gene arga) first characterized in escherichia coli and pseudomonas aeruginosa several decades ago and also present in vertebrates, or (ii) the bifunctional version of ornithine acetyltransferase (oat, gene argj) present in bacteria, a ...200616409639
automated systems for identification of heterotrophic marine bacteria on the basis of their fatty acid composition.the fatty acid methyl ester composition of a total of 71 marine strains representing the genera alteromonas, deleya, oceanospirillum, and vibrio was determined by gas-liquid chromatographic analysis. over 70 different fatty acids were found. the predominant fatty acids were 16:0, 16:1 cis 9, summed-in-feature (sif) 4 (15:0 iso 2oh and/or 16:1 trans 9) and sif 7 (18:1 cis 11, 18:1 trans 9, and/or 18:1 trans 6) for all the strains considered, but minor quantitative variations could be used to dist ...199616535340
effect of an oversulfated exopolysaccharide on angiogenesis induced by fibroblast growth factor-2 or vascular endothelial growth factor in vitro.the aim of this study was to determine the angiogenic properties of an oversulfated exopolysaccharide (os-eps) derived from a polysaccharide secreted by the mesophilic bacterium alteromonas infernus. we compared the effect of this os-eps with that of a non-oversulfated exopolysaccharide (eps) on human umbilical vein endothelial cell (huvec) proliferation, migration and differentiation induced by basic fibroblast growth factor (fgf-2) or vascular endothelial growth factor (vegf). os-eps enhanced ...200515710353
biosynthesis of the marine antibiotic pentabromopseudilin. 2. the pyrrole ring.the biosynthesis of the potent marine antibiotic, pentabromopseudilin (1), was investigated. feeding studies with alteromonas luteoviolaceus were performed on a defined medium. d,l-[5-(13)c]proline was incorporated symmetrically, demonstrating that the pyrrole ring of pentabromopseudilin is derived from proline.200515784994
roles of four chitinases (chia, chib, chic, and chid) in the chitin degradation system of marine bacterium alteromonas sp. strain o-7.alteromonas sp. strain o-7 secretes four chitinases (chia, chib, chic, and chid) in the presence of chitin. to elucidate why the strain produces multiple chitinases, we studied the expression levels of the four genes and proteins, their enzymatic properties, and their synergistic effects on chitin degradation. among the four chitinases, chia was produced in the largest quantities, followed by chid, and the production of chib and chic changed at lower levels than those of chia and chid. the expre ...200515812005
surface characterization of three marine bacterial strains by fourier transform ir, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry, correlation with adhesion on stainless steel surfaces.adhesion of bacterial strains on solid substrates is likely related to the properties of the outer shell of the micro-organisms. aiming at a better understanding and control of the biofilm formation in seawater, the surface chemical composition of three marine bacterial strains was investigated by combining fourier transform ir spectroscopy, x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (xps), and time-of-flight secondary-ion mass spectrometry (tof-sims). the d41 strain surface showed evidence of proteins, a ...200516852148
preparation of mixed alginate elicitors with high activity for the efficient production of 5'-phosphodiesterase by catharanthus roseus cells.when various autoclaved microbial cells suspensions (exogenous elicitors) were added to catharanthus roseus cell cultures, its growth was inhibited but 5'-phosphodiesterase (pdase) production was stimulated. the greatest effect was with autoclaved alteromonas macleodii: the dry cell concentration decreased from 13 to 10.9 mg/ml while pdase production increased from 0.022 to 0.235 u/ml. a combination of a. macleodii (as exogenous elicitor) and 0.1%(w/v) alginate oligomers (ao: acting as both endo ...200616937247
bowmanella denitrificans gen. nov., sp. nov., a denitrifying bacterium isolated from seawater from an-ping harbour, taiwan.a heterotrophic, non-fermentative, denitrifying isolate, designated strain bd1(t), was obtained from a seawater sample collected in the shallow coastal region of an-ping harbour, tainan, taiwan. the cells of strain bd1(t) were gram-negative. cells grown in broth cultures were curved rods that were motile by means of a single polar flagellum. growth occurred between 10 and 40 degrees c, with an optimum at 30-35 degrees c. strain bd1(t) grew in nacl levels of 0-10 %, with better growth occurring a ...200617012580
genetic analysis of housekeeping genes reveals a deep-sea ecotype of alteromonas macleodii in the mediterranean sea.the genetic diversity of 19 strains belonging to alteromonas macleodii isolated from different geographic areas (pacific and indian ocean, and different parts of the mediterranean sea) and at different depths (from the surface down to 3500 m) has been studied. fragments of the 16s rrna gene, the internal transcribed spacer (its) between 16s and 23s rdna genes, the gyrb and the rpob genes, have been sequenced for each strain. amplified fragment length polymorphisms were used to characterize simil ...200515819847
surprising arginine biosynthesis: a reappraisal of the enzymology and evolution of the pathway in microorganisms.major aspects of the pathway of de novo arginine biosynthesis via acetylated intermediates in microorganisms must be revised in light of recent enzymatic and genomic investigations. the enzyme n-acetylglutamate synthase (nags), which used to be considered responsible for the first committed step of the pathway, is present in a limited number of bacterial phyla only and is absent from archaea. in many bacteria, shorter proteins related to the gcn5-related n-acetyltransferase family appear to acet ...200717347518
alteromonas addita sp. nov.on the basis of phenotypic, genotypic characteristics and analysis of 16s rrna gene sequences, a novel species belonging to the genus alteromonas is described. a non-pigmented, motile, gram-negative bacterium designated r10sw13(t) was isolated from sea water samples collected in chazhma bay (sea of japan, pacific ocean). the novel organism mainly grew between 4 degrees c and 37 degrees c, was neutrophilic and slightly halophilic, tolerating up to 10 % nacl. strain r10sw13(t) was haemolytic and w ...200515879234
[preparation of oligosaccharides from alginate by fermenting combined with membrane separation method and analysis of the oligomers].changes in biomass, oligosaccharides content and alginate lyase activity in broth of alteromonas sp. incubated in shaking flask and fermentation jar were studied. according to those changes, parameters were established for preparing oligosaccharides from alginate by fermentation combined with nano-filtration membrane separation method. resulting oligosaccharides were analyzed by gel permeation chromatography and thin layer chromatography. one liter culture medium(ph 7.5) contains 5 g yeast extra ...200515989283
maltose adaptive mutant of heterotrophic marine bacterium, alteromonas espejiana bal-31: changes in the growth and the induction of extracellular alpha-amylase.growth of the heterotrophic marine bacterium, alteromonas espejiana bal-31 was inhibited in the presence of sucrose, maltose and even glucose, but not with starch. extracellular alpha-amylase was induced with a lag phase of 2 h in the presence of starch. in contrast, cell growth of the s2a mutant was not affected by the addition of maltose, and starch was ineffective in the induction of extracellular alpha-amylase in this mutant. activity of extracellular alpha-amylase was induced from the s2a m ...200516107754
sponge-associated marine bacteria as indicators of heavy metal pollution.sponges invariably filter a large volume of seawater and potentially accumulate heavy metals and other contaminants from the environment. sponges, being sessile marine invertebrates and modular in body organization, can live many years in the same location and therefore have the capability to accumulate anthropogenic pollutants such as metals over a long period. almost all marine sponges harbor large number of microorganisms within their tissues where they reside in the extra- and intra-cellular ...200917604613
resistance of marine bacterioneuston to solar radiation.a total of 90 bacterial strains were isolated from the sea surface microlayer (i.e., bacterioneuston) and underlying waters (i.e., bacterioplankton) from two sites of the northwestern mediterranean sea. the strains were identified by sequence analysis, and growth recovery was investigated after exposure to simulated solar radiation. bacterioneuston and bacterioplankton isolates were subjected to six different exposure times, ranging from 0.5 to 7 h of simulated noontime solar radiation. followin ...200516151115
purification and characterization of a novel beta-agarase from an alkalophilic bacterium, alteromonas sp. e-1.a novel beta-agarase (ec 3.2.1.81) was purified from an agar-degrading alkalophilic bacterium, alteromonas sp. e-1 isolated from the soil. this enzyme was obtained from a cell-free extract after sonication and purified 40.9-fold through treatment with streptomycin, ammonium sulfate fractionation and successive chromatography on anion-exchange and gel filtration columns. the molecular weight was estimated to be 82 kda by sds-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and 180 kda by superdex 200 gel filtr ...199916232496
bacterial manganese reduction and growth with manganese oxide as the sole electron acceptor.microbes that couple growth to the reduction of manganese could play an important role in the biogeochemistry of certain anaerobic environments. such a bacterium, alteromonas putrefaciens mr-1, couples its growth to the reduction of manganese oxides only under anaerobic conditions. the characteristics of this reduction are consistent with a biological, and not an indirect chemical, reduction of manganese, which suggest that this bacterium uses manganic oxide as a terminal electron acceptor. it c ...198817815852
diversity of assimilatory nitrate reductase genes from plankton and epiphytes associated with a seagrass bed.assimilatory nitrate reductase gene fragments were isolated from epiphytes and plankton associated with seagrass blades collected from tampa bay, florida, usa. nitrate reductase genes from diatoms (nr) and heterotrophic bacteria (nasa) were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (pcr) using two sets of degenerate primers. a total of 129 nr and 75 nasa clones from four clone libraries, two from each of epiphytic and planktonic components, were sequenced and aligned. in addition, genomic dna seque ...200717851710
polymer film produced by a marine bacterium.biojelly is a sort of polymer that is formed on a cellulose acetate membrane immersed in seawater. interestingly, biojelly inhibits attachment of marine organisms such as algae and barnacles. we could successfully isolate several marine microorganisms from biojelly-attached microorganisms. one of these isolates, strain shy1-1, produced water-insoluble polymeric materials in natural seawater supplemented with yeast extracts and glucose. this strain was assigned to be alteromonas sp. by the method ...200316233369
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