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extraintestinal campylobacteriosis in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta).two cases of clinical disease associated with extraintestinal campylobacter infection were recently encountered in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). the first case was that of a 3-y-old, male, rhesus macaque experimentally infected with siv, who presented with abdominal pain and a midabdominal mass and was euthanized. pathology findings included an abscess within the median liver lobe, fibrinopurulent peritonitis, and intestinal serositis with isolation of campylobacter fetus from the blood, liv ...201425527031
genomic evidence for the emergence and evolution of pathogenicity and niche preferences in the genus campylobacter.the genus campylobacter includes some of the most relevant pathogens for human and animal health; the continuous effort in their characterization has also revealed new species putatively involved in different kind of infections. nowadays, the available genomic data for the genus comprise a wide variety of species with different pathogenic potential and niche preferences. in this work, we contribute to enlarge this available information presenting the first genome for the species campylobacter sp ...201425193310
evolution and comparative genomics of campylobacter jejuni st-677 clonal complex.campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in the european union with over 200,000 laboratory-confirmed cases reported annually. this is the first study to describe findings related to comparative genomics analyses of the sequence type (st)-677 clonal complex (cc), a campylobacter jejuni lineage associated with bacteremia cases in humans. we performed whole-genome sequencing, using illumina hiseq sequencing technology, on five related st-677 cc isolates from two chicken ...201425193305
detection, identification and quantification of campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari in food matrices all at once using multiplex qpcr.thermotolerant campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari are recognized as leading food-borne pathogens causing an acute bacterial enteritis worldwide. due to narrow spectrum of their biochemical activity, it is very complicated to distinguish between individual species. for reliable risk assessment, proper incidence evaluation or swift sample analysis regarding individual species, a demand for simple and rapid method for their distinguishing is reasonable. in this study, we evaluated a reliable and s ...201425057300
a multiplex pcr/ldr assay for simultaneous detection and identification of the niaid category b bacterial food and water-borne pathogens.enteric pathogens that cause gastroenteritis remain a major global health concern. the goal of this study was to develop a multiplex pcr/ligation detection reaction (ldr) assay for the detection of all niaid category b bacterial food and water-borne pathogens directly from stool specimens. to validate the pcr/ldr assay, clinical isolates of campylobacter spp., vibrio spp., shigella spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, yersinia enterocolitica, and diarrheagenic escherichia coli were tes ...201424709368
biological roles of the o-methyl phosphoramidate capsule modification in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of this organism is required for persistence and disease. c. jejuni produces over 47 different capsular structures, including a unique o-methyl phosphoramidate (meopn) modification present on most c. jejuni isolates. although the meopn structure is rare in nature it has structural similarity to some synthetic pesticides. in this study, we have demonstrated, by whole genome comparis ...201424498018
comparison of characteristics of patients infected by campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter fetus.a large database of campylobacter isolates precisely identified at the species level was used to compare patients' characteristics. in a multivariate analysis, campylobacter coli was found more often in older patients and in patients having traveled abroad and less often in summertime than campylobacter jejuni. campylobacter fetus infection occurred in much older patients and in hospitalized patients with a systemic disease.201424197884
lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection.campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ...201424102802
lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection.campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ...201424102802
identification and characterization of an invasion antigen b gene from the oral pathogen campylobacter rectus.the oral bacterium, campylobacter rectus, is an etiological agent of periodontitis. the virulence genes of c. rectus are largely unknown. the aim of this study was to query c. rectus for the presence of an invasion antigen b (ciab) gene, which is needed for cell invasion by the related species campylobacter jejuni. pcr and pcr-walking identified a ciab from c. rectus. in silico analyses of c. rectus 314 ciab (cr-ciab) revealed an orf of 1,830 base pairs. the cr-ciab protein shared significant se ...201424426164
identification and characterization of an invasion antigen b gene from the oral pathogen campylobacter rectus.the oral bacterium, campylobacter rectus, is an etiological agent of periodontitis. the virulence genes of c. rectus are largely unknown. the aim of this study was to query c. rectus for the presence of an invasion antigen b (ciab) gene, which is needed for cell invasion by the related species campylobacter jejuni. pcr and pcr-walking identified a ciab from c. rectus. in silico analyses of c. rectus 314 ciab (cr-ciab) revealed an orf of 1,830 base pairs. the cr-ciab protein shared significant se ...201424426164
tweak promotes peritoneal inflammation.peritoneal dialysis (pd) is complicated by peritonitis episodes that cause loss of mesothelium and eventually sclerosing peritonitis. an improved understanding of the molecular contributors to peritoneal injury and defense may increase the therapeutic armamentarium to optimize peritoneal defenses while minimizing peritoneal injury. there is no information on the expression and function of the cytokine tweak and its receptor fn14 during peritoneal injury. fn14 expression and soluble tweak levels ...201424599047
the role of crispr-cas systems in virulence of pathogenic bacteria.clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (crispr) and crispr-associated (cas) genes are present in many bacterial and archaeal genomes. since the discovery of the typical crispr loci in the 1980s, well before their physiological role was revealed, their variable sequences have been used as a complementary typing tool in diagnostic, epidemiologic, and evolutionary analyses of prokaryotic strains. the discovery that crispr spacers are often identical to sequence fragments of mobil ...201424600041
infective endocarditis in northeastern thailand.despite rigorous diagnostic testing, the cause of infective endocarditis was identified for just 60 (45.5%) of 132 patients admitted to hospitals in khon kaen, thailand, during january 2010-july 2012. most pathogens identified were viridans streptococci and zoonotic bacteria species, as found in other resource-limited countries where underlying rheumatic heart disease is common.201424572588
a case of bacteremia caused by campylobacter fetus: an unusual presentation in an infant.bacteremia due to campylobacter spp. is rarely reported, and campylobacter fetus is the species most commonly exhibiting vascular tropism, as occurred in this case report describing the diagnosis of c. fetus bacteremia in an infant presenting with respiratory tract infection. a 5-month-old baby, with undiagnosed failure to thrive, presented to the acute care service with a high fever and respiratory symptoms of 2 days duration. the initial clinical and laboratory diagnosis suggested bacteremia, ...201424596467
s-layers: principles and applications.monomolecular arrays of protein or glycoprotein subunits forming surface layers (s-layers) are one of the most commonly observed prokaryotic cell envelope components. s-layers are generally the most abundantly expressed proteins, have been observed in species of nearly every taxonomical group of walled bacteria, and represent an almost universal feature of archaeal envelopes. the isoporous lattices completely covering the cell surface provide organisms with various selection advantages including ...201424483139
epithelial and stromal cells of bovine endometrium have roles in innate immunity and initiate inflammatory responses to bacterial lipopeptides in vitro via toll-like receptors tlr2, tlr1, and tlr6.bacteria often infect the endometrium of cattle to cause endometritis, uterine disease, and infertility. lipopeptides are commonly found among bacteria and are detected by the toll-like receptor (tlr) cell surface receptor tlr2 on immune cells. heterodimers of tlr2 with tlr1 or tlr6 activate mapk and nuclear factor-κb intracellular signaling pathways to stimulate inflammatory responses. in the endometrium, epithelial and stromal cells are the first to encounter invading bacteria, so the present ...201424437488
identification of a broad family of lipid a late acyltransferases with non-canonical substrate specificity.most gram-negative organisms produce lipopolysaccharide (lps), a complex macromolecule anchored to the bacterial membrane by the lipid a moiety. lipid a is synthesized via the raetz pathway, a conserved nine-step enzymatic process first characterized in escherichia coli. the epsilonproteobacterium helicobacter pylori uses the raetz pathway to synthesize lipid a; however, only eight of nine enzymes in the pathway have been identified in this organism. here, we identify the missing acyltransferase ...201424372821
comparative genome analysis of campylobacter fetus subspecies revealed horizontally acquired genetic elements important for virulence and niche specificity.campylobacter fetus are important animal and human pathogens and the two major subspecies differ strikingly in pathogenicity. c. fetus subsp. venerealis is highly niche-adapted, mainly infecting the genital tract of cattle. c. fetus subsp. fetus has a wider host-range, colonizing the genital- and intestinal-tract of animals and humans. we report the complete genomic sequence of c. fetus subsp. venerealis 84-112 and comparisons to the genome of c. fetus subsp. fetus 82-40. functional analysis of ...201424416416
molecular identification of clinical "difficult-to-identify" microbes from sequencing 16s ribosomal dna and internal transcribed spacer 2.clinical microbiology laboratories have to accurately identify clinical microbes. however, some isolates are difficult to identify by the automated biochemical text platforms, which are called "difficult-to-identify" microbes in this study. therefore, the ability of 16s ribosomal dna (16s rdna) and internal transcribed spacer 2 (its2) sequencing to identify these "difficult-to-identify" bacteria and fungi was assessed in this study.201424383440
a new addition to the cell plan of anammox bacteria: "candidatus kuenenia stuttgartiensis" has a protein surface layer as the outermost layer of the cell.anammox bacteria perform anaerobic ammonium oxidation (anammox) and have a unique compartmentalized cell consisting of three membrane-bound compartments (from inside outwards): the anammoxosome, riboplasm, and paryphoplasm. the cell envelope of anammox bacteria has been proposed to deviate from typical bacterial cell envelopes by lacking both peptidoglycan and a typical outer membrane. however, the composition of the anammox cell envelope is presently unknown. here, we investigated the outermost ...201424142254
microbial typing by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: do we need guidance for data interpretation?the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) in clinical microbiology has revolutionized species identification of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. however, beyond straightforward identification, the method has also been suggested to have the potential for subspecies-level or even type-level epidemiological analyses. this minireview explores maldi-tof ms-based typing, which has already been performed on many clinically relevant specie ...201425056329
first closed genome sequence of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis bv. intermedius.campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis bv. intermedius is a variant of c. fetus subsp. venerealis, the causative agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a venereal disease associated with abortion and infertility in cattle. we report the first closed whole-genome sequence of this biovar.201424503995
microbial typing by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry: do we need guidance for data interpretation?the integration of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) in clinical microbiology has revolutionized species identification of bacteria, yeasts, and molds. however, beyond straightforward identification, the method has also been suggested to have the potential for subspecies-level or even type-level epidemiological analyses. this minireview explores maldi-tof ms-based typing, which has already been performed on many clinically relevant specie ...201425056329
neurological disorders and inflammatory bowel diseases.extraintestinal manifestations occur in about one-third of patients living with inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) and may precede the onset of gastrointestinal symptoms by many years. neurologic disorders associated with ibd are not frequent, being reported in 3% of patients, but they often represent an important cause of morbidity and a relevant diagnostic issue. in addition, the increasing use of immunosuppressant and biological therapies for ibd may also play a pivotal role in the development ...201425083051
occurrence, diversity, and host association of intestinal campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter in reptiles.campylobacter, arcobacter, and helicobacter species have been isolated from many vertebrate hosts, including birds, mammals, and reptiles. multiple studies have focused on the prevalence of these epsilonproteobacteria genera in avian and mammalian species. however, little focus has been given to the presence within reptiles, and their potential zoonotic and pathogenic roles. in this study, occurrence, diversity, and host association of intestinal epsilonproteobacteria were determined for a large ...201424988130
efficient routes toward the synthesis of the d-rhamno-trisaccharide related to the a-band polysaccharide of pseudomonas aeruginosa.the present work describes efficient avenues for the synthesis of the trisaccharide repeating unit [α-d-rhap-(1→3)-α-d-rhap-(1→3)-α-d-rhap] associated with the a-band polysaccharide of pseudomonas aeruginosa. one of the key steps involved 6-o-deoxygenation of either partially or fully acylated 4,6-o-benzylidene-1-thiomannopyranoside by radical-mediated redox rearrangement in high yields and regioselectivity. the d-rhamno-thioglycosides so obtained allowed efficient access to the trisaccharide ta ...201425161705
association between proton pump inhibitor use and spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhotic patients with ascites.there are data suggesting a link between proton pump inhibitor (ppi) use and the development of spontaneous bacterial peritonitis (sbp) in cirrhotic patients with ascites; however, these data are controversial.201424945188
genetic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni isolates associated with sheep abortion in the united states and great britain.campylobacter infection is a leading cause of ovine abortion worldwide. historically, genetically diverse campylobacter fetus and campylobacter jejuni strains have been implicated in such infections, but since 2003 a highly pathogenic, tetracycline-resistant c. jejuni clone (named sa) has become the predominant cause of sheep abortions in the united states. whether clone sa was present in earlier u.s. abortion isolates (before 2000) and is associated with sheep abortions outside the united state ...201424648552
survey of infectious etiologies of bovine abortion during mid- to late gestation in dairy herds.bovine abortion of unknown infectious etiology still remains a major economic problem. thus, we investigated whether brucella spp., listeria monocytogenes, salmonella spp., campylobacter spp. and coxiella burnetii are associated with abortion and/or stillbirth in tunisian dairy cattle. using a pan-chlamydiales pcr, we also investigated the role of chlamydiaceae, waddlia chondrophila, parachlamydia acanthamoebae and other members of the chlamydiales order in this setting. veterinary samples taken ...201424662769
subcutaneous immunization with inactivated bacterial components and purified protein of escherichia coli, fusobacterium necrophorum and trueperella pyogenes prevents puerperal metritis in holstein dairy cows.in this study we evaluate the efficacy of five vaccine formulations containing different combinations of proteins (fimh; leukotoxin, lkt; and pyolysin, plo) and/or inactivated whole cells (escherichia coli, fusobacterium necrophorum, and trueperella pyogenes) in preventing postpartum uterine diseases. inactivated whole cells were produced using two genetically distinct strains of each bacterial species (e. coli, f. necrophorum, and t. pyogenes). fimh and plo subunits were produced using recombin ...201424638139
intergenomic comparisons highlight modularity of the denitrification pathway and underpin the importance of community structure for n2o emissions.nitrous oxide (n2o) is a potent greenhouse gas and the predominant ozone depleting substance. the only enzyme known to reduce n2o is the nitrous oxide reductase, encoded by the nosz gene, which is present among bacteria and archaea capable of either complete denitrification or only n2o reduction to di-nitrogen gas. to determine whether the occurrence of nosz, being a proxy for the trait n2o reduction, differed among taxonomic groups, preferred habitats or organisms having either nirk or nirs nit ...201425436772
complete genome sequence of campylobacter iguaniorum strain 1485et, isolated from a bearded dragon (pogona vitticeps).campylobacter iguaniorum has been isolated from reptiles. this campylobacter species is genetically related to campylobacter fetus and campylobacter hyointestinalis. here we present the first whole-genome sequence for this species.201425146144
ultrastructure and complex polar architecture of the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is one of the most successful food-borne human pathogens. here we use electron cryotomography to explore the ultrastructure of c. jejuni cells in logarithmically growing cultures. this provides the first look at this pathogen in a near-native state at macromolecular resolution (~5 nm). we find a surprisingly complex polar architecture that includes ribosome exclusion zones, polyphosphate storage granules, extensive collar-shaped chemoreceptor arrays, and elaborate flagellar ...201425065852
novel microbiological and spatial statistical methods to improve strength of epidemiological evidence in a community-wide waterborne outbreak.failures in the drinking water distribution system cause gastrointestinal outbreaks with multiple pathogens. a water distribution pipe breakage caused a community-wide waterborne outbreak in vuorela, finland, july 2012. we investigated this outbreak with advanced epidemiological and microbiological methods. a total of 473/2931 inhabitants (16%) responded to a web-based questionnaire. water and patient samples were subjected to analysis of multiple microbial targets, molecular typing and microbia ...201425147923
campylobacter fetus bacteremia in an immunocompetent traveler.campylobacter fetus bacteremia is a rare human infection that occurs almost exclusively in the setting of advanced age, immunosuppression, human immunodeficiency virus infection, alcoholism, or recent gastrointestinal surgery. this report of c. fetus bacteremia in a 39-year-old immunocompetent traveler who ate raw beef identifies c. fetus as a potential emerging pathogen in normal hosts.201425071002
draft genome sequences of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis bv. venerealis strain b6 and bv. intermedius strain 642-21.campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis is an important venereal pathogen. we sequenced the genomes of campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis bv. venerealis strain b6 and bv. intermedius strain 642-21. the genetic variability of these australian strains will facilitate the study of mechanisms of geographical adaptation of these pathogens that impact livestock.201425278524
dielectrophoretic monitoring and interstrain separation of intact clostridium difficile based on their s(surface)-layers.clostridium difficile (c. difficile) infection (cdi) rates have exhibited a steady rise worldwide over the last two decades and the infection poses a global threat due to the emergence of antibiotic resistant strains. interstrain antagonistic interactions across the host microbiome form an important strategy for controlling the emergence of cdi. the current diagnosis method for cdi, based on immunoassays for toxins produced by pathogenic c. difficile strains, is limited by false negatives due to ...201425343746
characterization of the vaginal microbiota of ewes and cows reveals a unique microbiota with low levels of lactobacilli and near-neutral ph.although a number of common reproductive disorders in livestock involve bacterial infection, very little is known about their normal vaginal microbiota. therefore, we sought to determine the species composition of sheep and cattle vaginal microbiota. twenty rambouillet ewes and twenty crossbred cows varying in age and reproductive status were sampled by ectocervicovaginal lavage. we amplified and sequenced the v3-v4 region of the 16s ribosomal rna (rrna) contents yielding a total of 907,667 high ...201426664918
from deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in epsilonproteobacteria.chemosynthetic epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. in many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum sensing. within the epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxs/autoinducer-2 (ai-2) mecha ...201425397946
from deep-sea volcanoes to human pathogens: a conserved quorum-sensing signal in epsilonproteobacteria.chemosynthetic epsilonproteobacteria from deep-sea hydrothermal vents colonize substrates exposed to steep thermal and redox gradients. in many bacteria, substrate attachment, biofilm formation, expression of virulence genes and host colonization are partly controlled via a cell density-dependent mechanism involving signal molecules, known as quorum sensing. within the epsilonproteobacteria, quorum sensing has been investigated only in human pathogens that use the luxs/autoinducer-2 (ai-2) mecha ...201425397946
diagnosis and management of venereal campylobacteriosis in beef cattle.bovine venereal campylobacteriosis is caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and its glycerine-tolerant variant campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis biovars intermedius. the disease can be economically important when present in cattle herds, causing poor reproductive performance, embryo mortality and abortion. sensitive and specific diagnostic tests are required in the diagnosis of infection and to inform and monitor disease control. current tests include bacterial culture and fluoresc ...201425428802
campylobacter fetus bacteremia with purulent pleurisy in a young adult with primary hypogammaglobulinemia.a 24-year-old man presented with fever and pleural effusion predominantly containing lymphocytes. cultures of the pleural effusion and blood revealed campylobacter fetus, and laboratory studies showed a low serum level of immunoglobulin. the patient was diagnosed with c. fetus pleuritis, bacteremia and primary hypogammaglobulinemia, and subsequent treatment with meropenem and immunoglobulin improved his condition. although the underlying cause of the primary hypogammaglobulinemia remains unclear ...201424881753
campylobacter fetus infections.campylobacter fetus infections usually occur in immunodepressed patients or patients presenting with diabetes mellitus or cancer. they rarely cause diarrhea but frequently cause bacteremia or vascular diseases. the therapeutic management is not well codified and fluoroquinolone resistance is continuously increasing.201424637053
pregnancy rates of beef cattle are not affected by campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis real-time pcr-positive breeding sires in new zealand.campylobacter fetus subspecies venerealis (c. fetus venerealis) is the causal agent of bovine genital campylobacteriosis, a venereal disease that is asymptomatic in bulls but responsible for reproductive wastage in female cattle. in new zealand, a commercial real-time pcr assay was introduced in 2007 to identify the dna of this pathogen in preputial scrapings; however, concerns were raised about the specificity of the test following anecdotal reports of a high number of test-positive bulls with ...201424580097
campylobacter fetus infections in humans: exposure and disease.campylobacter fetus can cause intestinal illness and, occasionally, severe systemic infections. infections mainly affect persons at higher risk, including elderly and immunocompromised individuals and those with occupational exposure to infected animals. outbreaks are infrequent but have provided insight into sources. source attribution of sporadic cases through case-control interviews has not been reported. the reservoirs for c. fetus are mainly cattle and sheep. products from these animals are ...201424550377
characterization of a campylobacter fetus-like strain isolated from the faeces of a sick leopard tortoise (stigmochelys pardalis) using matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight as an alternative to bacterial 16s rdna phylogeny.this article describes the isolation and characterization of a campylobacter-like isolate originating from the faeces of a sick leopard tortoise. molecular as well as matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) characterization suggests that it could correspond to a new campylobacter species.201424313345
a perspective on the impact of reproductive technologies on food production in africa.africa for the largest part is still regarded as part of the developing world and has a history of political instability, natural disasters, floods and droughts that all had an effect on the development of livestock production systems and the potential application of biotechnologies. it is expected that the human population in sub saharan africa will experience a growth of 1.2 % per year over the next 30 years. there is therefore pressure to increase sustainable productivity of livestock. reprod ...201424170361
inconsistency of phenotypic and genomic characteristics of campylobacter fetus subspecies requires reevaluation of current diagnostics.classifications of the campylobacter fetus subspecies fetus and venerealis were first described in 1959 and were based on the source of isolation (intestinal versus genital) and the ability of the strains to proliferate in the genital tract of cows. two phenotypic assays (1% glycine tolerance and h2s production) were described to differentiate the subspecies. multiple molecular assays have been applied to differentiate the c. fetus subspecies, but none of these tests is consistent with the pheno ...201425232170
mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by campylobacter fetus: a case report and literature review.campylobacter spp. usually cause gastrointestinal infections, but among them, campylobacter fetus is a well-known organism causing mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm (maaa), which requires proper surgical intervention and antibiotic therapy. we report a 65-year-old man who was successfully treated by an in situ operation using a rifampicin (rfp)-bonded j-graft for c. fetus-induced maaa. we performed a review of the english literature on maaa caused by c. fetus and summarized the results of the ca ...201425017776
campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis adhesion to mdbk cells. 201425444136
clinical sensitivity and specificity of a real-time pcr assay for campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis in preputial samples from bulls.to determine clinical sensitivity and specificity of a quantitative real-time pcr (qrt-pcr) assay for campylobacter fetus subsp venerealis (cfv) in preputial samples of bulls.201425157889
temporal and farm-management-associated variation in faecal-pat prevalence of campylobacter fetus in sheep and cattle.the faecal-pat prevalence (as estimated by culture) of campylobacter fetus from cattle and sheep on 19 farms in rural lancashire was investigated using standard campylobacter culture techniques and pcr during a 2-year longitudinal study. c. fetus was isolated from 9·48% [95% confidence interval (ci) 8·48-10·48] of cattle faecal pats and 7·29% (95% ci 6·21-9·62) of sheep faecal pats. there was evidence of significant differences in shedding prevalence between geographical regions; cows in geograp ...201424067441
campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum subsp. nov., isolated from humans and reptiles.a polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic position of 13 campylobacter fetus-like strains from humans (n = 8) and reptiles (n = 5). the results of matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (maldi-tof) ms and genomic data from sap analysis, 16s rrna gene and hsp60 sequence comparison, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis, dna-dna hybridization and whole genome sequencing demonstrated that these strains are closely re ...201424899653
improving survival and storage stability of bacteria recalcitrant to freeze-drying: a coordinated study by european culture collections.the objective of this study is to improve the viability after freeze-drying and during storage of delicate or recalcitrant strains safeguarded at biological resource centers. to achieve this objective, a joint experimental strategy was established among the different involved partner collections of the embarc project ( www.embarc.eu ). five bacterial strains considered as recalcitrant to freeze-drying were subjected to a standardized freeze-drying protocol and to seven agreed protocol variants. ...201525773973
[mycotic aneurysm of the abdominal aorta caused by campylobacter fetus]. 201524094929
evaluation and histological examination of a campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis small animal infection model.bovine genital campylobacteriosis (bgc), caused by campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis, is associated with production losses in cattle worldwide. this study aimed to develop a reliable bgc guinea pig model to facilitate future studies of pathogenicity, abortion mechanisms and vaccine efficacy. seven groups of five pregnant guinea pigs (1 control per group) were inoculated with one of three strains via intra-peritoneal (ip) or intra-vaginal routes. samples were examined using culture, pcr and h ...201525599935
campylobacter iguaniorum sp. nov., isolated from reptiles.during sampling of reptiles for members of the class epsilonproteobacteria, strains representing a member of the genus campylobacter not belonging to any of the established taxa were isolated from lizards and chelonians. initial amplified fragment length polymorphism, pcr and 16s rrna sequence analysis showed that these strains were most closely related to campylobacter fetus and campylobacter hyointestinalis. a polyphasic study was undertaken to determine the taxonomic position of five strains. ...201525574036
mycotic popliteal aneurysm rupture secondary to campylobacter fetus.mycotic aneurysms of the popliteal artery are uncommon. popliteal aneurysms rarely rupture. the authors present the second reported case of popliteal artery rupture as a result of campylobacter fetus infection. this report confirms the arterial destructive potential of c. fetus infection in a peripheral artery.201524930978
structural brain lesions in inflammatory bowel disease.central nervous system (cns) complications or manifestations of inflammatory bowel disease deserve particular attention because symptomatic conditions can require early diagnosis and treatment, whereas unexplained manifestations might be linked with pathogenic mechanisms. this review focuses on both symptomatic and asymptomatic brain lesions detectable on imaging studies, as well as their frequency and potential mechanisms. a direct causal relationship between inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) an ...201526600970
[the identification and multilocus sequence typing of nine campylobacter fetus isolates from specimens of patients from 2012 to 2013]. 201526733037
the susceptibility of campylobacter concisus to the bactericidal effects of normal human serum.campylobacter concisus is an emerging pathogen of the gastrointestinal tract that has been associated with barrett's oesophagus, enteritis and inflammatory bowel disease. despite having invasive potential in intestinal epithelial cells in-vitro, bacteraemic cases with c. concisus are extremely scarce, having only been reported once. therefore, we conducted a serum resistance assay to investigate the bactericidal effects of human complement on c. concisus in comparison to some other campylobacter ...201525627875
infective internal iliac artery aneurysm caused by campylobacter fetus.a 67-year-old man with a persistent high fever was diagnosed to have an infective aneurysm in his left internal iliac artery. a blood culture detected a gram-negative spiral rod that was first identified as campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis based on a matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) analysis. however, the strain was finally confirmed to be campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus based on a genetic analysis. the infection was successfully t ...201526278295
[efficiency of bacteriological culture and the immunofluorescent assay to detect campylobacter fetus in bovine genital fluids].bovine genital campylobacteriosis is a reproductive disease that affects cattle production. it is caused by campylobacter fetus subspecies, c. fetus fetus (cff) and c. fetus venerealis (cfv). the aim of this study was to identify the presence of c. fetus in genital fluids by bacteriological culture and direct immunofluorescence (dif) and to compare the results. two groups of 6 heifers and 5 bulls, one infected with cff (cff group) and the other with cfv (cfv group) were formed. two heifers and 2 ...201526187267
re: mycotic abdominal aortic aneurysm caused by campylobacter fetus: a case report and literature review. 201526009476
a novel microbial source tracking microarray for pathogen detection and fecal source identification in environmental systems.pathogen detection and the identification of fecal contamination sources are challenging in environmental waters. factors including pathogen diversity and ubiquity of fecal indicator bacteria hamper risk assessment and remediation of contamination sources. a custom microarray targeting pathogens (viruses, bacteria, protozoa), microbial source tracking (mst) markers, and antibiotic resistance genes was tested against dna obtained from whole genome amplification (wga) of rna and dna from sewage an ...201525970344
a rural worker infected with a bovine-prevalent genotype of campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus supports zoonotic transmission and inconsistency of mlst and whole-genome typing.whole-genome characterisation in clinical microbiology enables to detect trends in infection dynamics and disease transmission. here, we report a case of bacteraemia due to campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus in a rural worker under cancer treatment that was diagnosed with cellulitis; the patient was treated with antibiotics and recovered. the routine typing methods were not able to identify the microorganism causing the infection, so it was further analysed by molecular methods and whole-genome se ...201525920493
prevalence and risk factors associated with bovine genital campylobacteriosis and bovine trichomonosis in the state of pernambuco, brazil.the aim of the present study was to determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with campylobacter fetus subsp. venerealis and tritrichomonas foetus infection in cows from dairy herds in the state of pernambuco, brazil. in total, 383 samples of cervico-vaginal mucus were collected from cows on 21 herds in 19 districts. genomic dna was extracted from the samples and submitted for polymerase chain reaction analysis. an investigative questionnaire was used to analyze the risk factors, usin ...201525633914
draft genome sequence of campylobacter fetus mmm01, isolated from a chronic kidney disease patient with sepsis.campylobacter fetus is a gram-negative bacterium that has caused several cases of human and animal disease. here, we report the draft genome sequence of c. fetus mmm01, isolated from the blood of a 60-year-old patient with type ii diabetes and chronic kidney disease. the sequence has a total length of 1,740,393 bp and an average g+c content of 33.1%. the availability of the draft genome sequence of c. fetus mmm01 isolated from a case of chronic kidney disease will contribute to a better understa ...201526450717
a phase-variable surface layer from the gut symbiont bacteroides thetaiotaomicron.the capsule from bacteroides, a common gut symbiont, has long been a model system for studying the molecular mechanisms of host-symbiont interactions. the bacteroides capsule is thought to consist of an array of phase-variable polysaccharides that give rise to subpopulations with distinct cell surface structures. here, we report the serendipitous discovery of a previously unknown surface structure in bacteroides thetaiotaomicron: a surface layer composed of a protein of unknown function, bt1927. ...201526419879
evolution of the selenoproteome in helicobacter pylori and epsilonproteobacteria.by competing for the acquisition of essential nutrients, helicobacter pylori has the unique ability to persist in the human stomach, also causing nutritional insufficiencies in the host. although the h. pylori genome apparently encodes selenocysteine synthase (sela, hp1513), a key pyridoxal phosphate (plp)-dependent enzyme for the incorporation of selenium into bacterial proteins, nothing is known about the use of this essential element in protein synthesis by this pathogen. we analyzed the evol ...201526342139
targeting surface-layer proteins with single-domain antibodies: a potential therapeutic approach against clostridium difficile-associated disease.clostridium difficile is a leading cause of death from gastrointestinal infections in north america. antibiotic therapy is effective, but the high incidence of relapse and the rise in hypervirulent strains warrant the search for novel treatments. surface layer proteins (slps) cover the entire c. difficile bacterial surface, are composed of high-molecular-weight (hmw) and low-molecular-weight (lmw) subunits, and mediate adherence to host cells. passive and active immunization against slps has enh ...201525936376
prospective comparison of infective endocarditis in khon kaen, thailand and rennes, france.prospectively collected, contemporary data are lacking on how the features of infective endocarditis (ie) vary according to region. we, therefore, compared ie in rennes, france and khon kaen, thailand. fifty-eight patients with confirmed ie were enrolled at each site during 2011 and 2012 using a common protocol. compared with french patients, thais had a lower median age (47 versus 70 years old; p < 0.001) and reported more animal contact (86% versus 21%; p < 0.001). there were more zoonotic inf ...201525646262
complete genome sequence of campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum strain pet-3, isolated from a lizard (hydrosaurus pustulatus).the whole-genome sequence for campylobacter fetus subsp. testudinum, a pathogen isolated from humans and turtles, has been reported recently. we present another completed genome sequence of the c. fetus subsp. testudinum strain pet-3, which was isolated from a lizard in taiwan, for further genomic comparison study.201525700400
retraction for dinant et al., aortic homograft endocarditis caused by campylobacter jejuni. 201525617446
eucast recommendations for antimicrobial susceptibility testing applied to the three main campylobacter species isolated in humans.antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter isolates is of great importance for treatment options especially in systemic diseases. the european committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) recently proposed epidemiological cut-offs (ecoffs) for a limited number of antimicrobial compounds and for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli only. in the present study, the eucast method was used after minor modifications to define antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for, ...201526519770
infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls.investigate the presence of infectious reproductive disease pathogens in dairy herd bulls in south-west victoria, australia, using a cross-sectional study.201526412115
low serum neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin level as a marker of malnutrition in maintenance hemodialysis patients.neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (ngal or lcn2) is an iron-transporting factor which possesses various activities such as amelioration of kidney injury and host defense against pathogens. its circulating concentrations are elevated in acute and chronic kidney diseases and show a positive correlation with poor renal outcome and mortality, but its clinical significance in maintenance hemodialysis (hd) patients remains elusive.201526161663
global epidemiology of campylobacter infection.campylobacter jejuni infection is one of the most widespread infectious diseases of the last century. the incidence and prevalence of campylobacteriosis have increased in both developed and developing countries over the last 10 years. the dramatic increase in north america, europe, and australia is alarming, and data from parts of africa, asia, and the middle east indicate that campylobacteriosis is endemic in these areas, especially in children. in addition to c. jejuni, there is increasing rec ...201526062576
phylogenetic analysis of bacterial communities in different regions of the gastrointestinal tract of agkistrodon piscivorus, the cottonmouth snake.vertebrates are metagenomic organisms in that they are composed not only of their own genes but also those of their associated microbial cells. the majority of these associated microorganisms are found in the gastrointestinal tract (git) and presumably assist in processes such as energy and nutrient acquisition. few studies have investigated the associated gut bacterial communities of non-mammalian vertebrates, and most rely on captive animals and/or fecal samples only. here we investigate the g ...201526039313
chronic subdural hematoma infected by propionibacterium acnes: a case report.we present a very rare case of a patient with an infected subdural hematoma due to propionibacterium acnes. a 63-year-old male complained of dizziness and was admitted to our hospital. he had a history of left chronic subdural hematoma due to a traffic accident, which had been conservatively treated. physical, neurological and laboratory examinations revealed no definite abnormality. plain ct scan demonstrated a hypodense crescentic fluid collection over the surface of the left cerebral hemisphe ...201525759659
brucellosis, genital campylobacteriosis and other factors affecting calving rate of cattle in three states of northern nigeria.reproductive diseases limit the productivity of cattle worldwide and represent an important obstacle to profitable cattle enterprise. in this study, herd brucellosis and bovine genital campylobacteriosis (bgc) status, and demographic and management variables were determined and related to predicted calving rate (prcr) of cattle herds in adamawa, kaduna and kano states, nigeria. serum samples, preputial scrapings, questionnaire data, trans-rectal palpation and farm records were used from 271 herd ...201525601264
effects of nitrate addition on rumen fermentation, bacterial biodiversity and abundance.this study examined changes of rumen fermentation, ruminal bacteria biodiversity and abundance caused by nitrate addition with ion torrent sequencing and real-time polymerase chain reaction. three rumen-fistulated steers were fed diets supplemented with 0%, 1%, and 2% nitrate (dry matter %) in succession. nitrate supplementation linearly increased total volatile fatty acids and acetate concentration obviously (p = 0.02; p = 0.02; p<0.01), butyrate and isovalerate concentration numerically (p = 0 ...201526194220
milk modulates campylobacter invasion into caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.raw milk is a recognized source of campylobacter outbreaks, but pasteurization is an effective way to eliminate the causative agent of campylobacteriosis. whereas breastfeeding is protective against infectious diseases, consumption of formula milk is thought to be not. however, in relation to campylobacter, such data is currently unavailable. although both pasteurized and formula milk are pathogen free and prepared in a quality controlled manner, the effect they have on the virulence of campylob ...201526495128
laboratory diagnosis of bacterial gastroenteritis.bacterial gastroenteritis is a disease that is pervasive in both the developing and developed worlds. while for the most part bacterial gastroenteritis is self-limiting, identification of an etiological agent by bacterial stool culture is required for the management of patients with severe or prolonged diarrhea, symptoms consistent with invasive disease, or a history that may predict a complicated course of disease. importantly, characterization of bacterial enteropathogens from stool cultures i ...201525567220
the rebirth of culture in microbiology through the example of culturomics to study human gut microbiota.bacterial culture was the first method used to describe the human microbiota, but this method is considered outdated by many researchers. metagenomics studies have since been applied to clinical microbiology; however, a "dark matter" of prokaryotes, which corresponds to a hole in our knowledge and includes minority bacterial populations, is not elucidated by these studies. by replicating the natural environment, environmental microbiologists were the first to reduce the "great plate count anomal ...201525567229
identification of novel vaccine candidates against acinetobacter baumannii using reverse vaccinology.acinetobacter baumannii (ab) is a global emerging bacterium causing nosocomial infections such as pneumonia, meningitis, bacteremia and soft tissue infections especially in intensive care units. since ab is resistant to almost all conventional antibiotics, it is now one of the 6 top-priorities of the dangerous microorganisms listed by the infectious disease society of america. the development of vaccine is one of the most promising and cost-effective strategies to prevent infections. in this stu ...201525751377
staphylococcus aureus aortitis and retroperitoneal fibrosis: a case report and literature review.an infected aortic aneurysm is a process with high mortality rate. survival is dependent on an early diagnosis and surgical management. this case report details a rare presentation of aortitis with persistent methicillin-sensitive staphylococcus aureus (mssa) bacteremia, which initially presented as retroperitoneal fibrosis and was ultimately fatal.201627516965
dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with tuberculous pleural effusion.we present the case of thoracic aortic aneurysm associated with the tuberculous pleural effusion. an 82-year-old woman underwent emergency stent graft under a diagnosis of dissecting thoracic aortic aneurysm. preoperative computed tomography revealed right pleural effusion supposed to the hemothorax caused by the dissecting aneurysm. but, the effusion was sanguineous color fluid and it was determined to result from pulmonary tuberculosis. the medical team was exposed to the pulmonary tuberculosi ...201627499987
the use of pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) to detect bacterial and fungal colonization in healthy military service members.the role of microbial colonization in disease is complex. novel molecular tools to detect colonization offer theoretical improvements over traditional methods. we evaluated pcr/electrospray ionization-time-of-flight-mass spectrometry (pcr/esi-tof-ms) as a screening tool to study colonization of healthy military service members.201627448413
campylobacter fetus meningitis in adults: report of 2 cases and review of the literature.the zoonotic pathogen campylobacter fetus is a rare cause of bacterial meningitis. little is known about the clinical characteristics, predisposing factors and outcome of c fetus meningitis in adults.we report cases of c fetus meningitis in a nationwide cohort study of adult bacterial meningitis patients in the netherlands and performed a review of the literature.two patients with c fetus meningitis were identified from january 2006 through may 2015. the calculated annual incidence was 0.02 per ...201626937916
challenges with using names to link digital biodiversity information. 201627346955
momp from campylobacter jejuni is a trimer of 18-stranded β-barrel monomers with a ca(2+) ion bound at the constriction zone.the gram-negative organism campylobacter jejuni is the major cause of food poisoning. unlike escherichia coli, which has two major porins, ompc and ompf, c. jejuni has one, termed major outer membrane protein (momp) through which nutrients and antibiotics transit. we report the 2.1-å crystal structure of c. jejuni momp expressed in e. coli and a lower resolution but otherwise identical structure purified directly from c. jejuni. the 2.1-å resolution structure of recombinant momp showed that alth ...201627693650
development of a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction for rapid and simultaneous identification of common foodborne pathogens in soft cheese.dairy products can harbor various microorganisms (e.g., campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., listeria monocytogenes, verocytotoxin-producing escherichia coli) arising from animal reservoirs, and which can become important sources of foodborne illness. therefore, early detection of food pathogens is crucial to prevent diseases. we wished to develop an accurate quantitative protocol based on a droplet digital polymerase chain reaction (ddpcr) involving eight individual taqman™ reactions to detect ...201627840628
polyphosphate and associated enzymes as global regulators of stress response and virulence in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni), a gram-negative microaerophilic bacterium, is a predominant cause of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans worldwide. despite its importance as a major foodborne pathogen, our understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying c. jejuni stress survival and pathogenesis is limited. inorganic polyphosphate (poly p) has been shown to play significant roles in bacterial resistance to stress and virulence in many pathogenic bacteria. c. jejuni contains the ...201627672264
point mutations in the major outer membrane protein drive hypervirulence of a rapidly expanding clone of campylobacter jejuni.infections due to clonal expansion of highly virulent bacterial strains are clear and present threats to human and animal health. association of genetic changes with disease is now a routine, but identification of causative mutations that enable disease remains difficult. campylobacter jejuni is an important zoonotic pathogen transmitted to humans mainly via the foodborne route. c. jejuni typically colonizes the gut, but a hypervirulent and rapidly expanding clone of c. jejuni recently emerged, ...201627601641
evaluation of various campylobacter-specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays for detection and enumeration of campylobacteraceae in irrigation water and wastewater via a miniaturized most-probable-number-qpcr assay.campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and water is increasingly seen as a risk factor in transmission. here we describe a most-probable-number (mpn)-quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay in which water samples are centrifuged and aliquoted into microtiter plates and the bacteria are enumerated by qpcr. we observed that commonly used campylobacter molecular assays produced vastly different detection rates. in irrigation water samples, detection rates varied depe ...201627235434
comparative genomics of campylobacter fetus from reptiles and mammals reveals divergent evolution in host-associated lineages.campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and c fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas c fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated with ectothermic reptiles. both c. fetus subsp. testudinum and c. fetus subsp. fetus have been associated with severe infections, often with a systemic component, in immunocompromised humans. to study t ...201627333878
comparative detection and quantification of arcobacter butzleri in stools from diarrheic and nondiarrheic people in southwestern alberta, canada.arcobacter butzleri has been linked to enteric disease in humans, but its pathogenicity and epidemiology remain poorly understood. the lack of suitable detection methods is a major limitation. using comparative genome analysis, we developed pcr primers for direct detection and quantification ofa. butzleri dna in microbiologically complex matrices. these primers, along with existing molecular and culture-based methods, were used to detecta. butzleri and enteric pathogens in stools of diarrheic an ...201626865686
the bacteriophage carrier state of campylobacter jejuni features changes in host non-coding rnas and the acquisition of new host-derived crispr spacer sequences.incorporation of self-derived crispr dna protospacers in campylobacter jejuni pt14 occurs in the presence of bacteriophages encoding a crispr-like cas4 protein. this phenomenon was evident in carrier state infections where both bacteriophages and host are maintained for seemingly indefinite periods as stable populations following serial passage. carrier state cultures of c. jejuni pt14 have greater aerotolerance in nutrient limited conditions, and may have arisen as an evolutionary response to s ...201627047470
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