Publications

TitleAbstractYear
Filter
PMID
Filter
characterization of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli genotypes in poultry flocks by restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis.we describe a simple, rapid, and discriminatory methodology that allows the routine molecular characterization of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates. the proposed approach is built on one of the earliest and simplest molecular typing methods ever, consisting on the analysis of the fragments of different lengths generated by digestion of homologous dna sequences with specific restriction endonucleases, a process known as restriction fragment length polymorphism (rflp) analysis. ...201525399105
multilocus sequence typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from humans and chickens in north-eastern italy.this paper reports the multilocus sequence typing (mlst) of 57 c. jejuni and c. coli isolates from humans and chickens in italy and the identification of 17 new sequence types (sts). a high genetic diversity was detected among c. jejuni/c. coli and human/chicken isolates, with a predominance of clonal complexes cc21 and cc828. although human sts were not the same as those found in chickens, 3 ccs overlapped between human and chicken isolates. genotyping of campylobacter strains by mlst should be ...201425387294
prevalence of salmonella and campylobacter on broiler chickens from farm to slaughter and efficiency of methods to remove visible fecal contamination.a study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of salmonella and campylobacter from farm to slaughter. the efficiency of trimming and water spray (490 to 588 kpa pressure) on the removal of visible fecal contamination from broiler carcasses before chilling was also investigated. drag swabs were used to sample litter from the farm houses. samples of ceca and carcasses without and with visible fecal contamination before and after trimming or spray washing of fecal contamination were taken dur ...201425364917
a receptor-binding protein of campylobacter jejuni bacteriophage nctc 12673 recognizes flagellin glycosylated with acetamidino-modified pseudaminic acid.bacteriophage receptor-binding proteins (rbps) confer host specificity. we previously identified a putative rbp (gp047) from the campylobacter lytic phage nctc 12673 and demonstrated that gp047 has a broader host range than its parent phage. while nctc 12673 recognizes the capsular polysaccharide (cps) of a limited number of campylobacter jejuni isolates, gp047 binds to a majority of c. jejuni and related campylobacter coli strains. in this study, we demonstrate that gp047 also binds to acapsula ...201525354466
interaction between campylobacter and intestinal epithelial cells leads to a different proinflammatory response in human and porcine host.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are recognized as the leading causes of human diarrheal disease throughout the development world. unlike human beings, gastrointestinal tract of pigs are frequently colonized by campylobacter to a high level in a commensal manner. the aim of this study was to identify the differences underlying the divergent outcome following campylobacter challenge in porcine versus human host. in order to address this, a comparative in vitro infection model was combi ...201425307769
method-dependent variability in determination of prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in canadian retail poultry.campylobacter is the most frequent cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in canada, and the illness is commonly associated with poultry consumption. whereas canadian retail poultry is often contaminated with campylobacters, studies on the prevalence of this organism are inconsistent due to variability in sampling and microbiological methodology. to determine the current microbiological status of canadian poultry, and to evaluate two commonly used microbiological methods, 348 raw poultry samples wer ...201425285484
sensitive and rapid detection of campylobacter species from stools of children with diarrhea in japan by the loop-mediated isothermal amplification method.we detected campylobacter spp. in 5% (20/380) of diarrheal stool samples collected at an outpatient clinic in kyoto using a commercial loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) kit with a fluorescent detection reagent after dna extraction. the sensitivity and specificity were 100% in comparison with those of semi-nested pcr for the differentiation of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. fourteen of the 20 samples were already determined as c. jejuni by the culture method. all 20 samp ...201425241688
isolation of campylobacter from brazilian broiler flocks using different culturing procedures.conventional culturing methods enable the detection of campylobacter in broiler flocks. however, laboratory culture of campylobacter is laborious because of its fastidious behavior and the presence of competing nontarget bacteria. this study evaluated different protocols to isolate campylobacter from broiler litter, feces, and cloacal and drag swabs. samples taken from commercial brazilian broiler flocks were directly streaked onto preston agar (pa), campy-line agar (cla), and modified charcoal ...201425172927
prevalence of thermotolerant campylobacter spp. in farmed hares (lepus europaeus).thermotolerant campylobacter spp. were isolated from 118/240 (49.2%) rectal swabs from commercially farmed hares (lepus europaeus) in southern italy. using multiplex pcr, campylobacter coli was identified in 118/118 (100%) positive samples, while 17/118 (14.4%) positive samples were also positive for campylobacter jejuni. adult hares had a higher prevalence of infection with campylobacter spp. than juvenile hares.201425168717
identification and characterisation of new campylobacter group iii phages of animal origin.campylobacter-specific bacteriophages (phages) are considered as an alternative intervention strategy to decrease the level of poultry contamination with campylobacter, a leading cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. eradication efficiency depends primarily on phage-host interaction mediated by phage tail-spike proteins and bacterial receptors. here, this interaction was characterised using tail-spike gene sequence analysis, phage neutralisation by antiserum and host range analysis of newly isolat ...201425168177
experimental study of the impact of antimicrobial treatments on campylobacter, enterococcus and pcr-capillary electrophoresis single-strand conformation polymorphism profiles of the gut microbiota of chickens.an experiment was conducted to compare the impact of antimicrobial treatments on the susceptibility of campylobacter, enterococcus faecium and enterococcus faecalis, and on the diversity of broiler microbiota. specific-pathogen-free chickens were first orally inoculated with strains of campylobacter and enterococcus faecium. birds were then orally treated with recommended doses of oxytetracycline, sulfadimethoxine/trimethoprim, amoxicillin or enrofloxacin. faecal samples were collected before, d ...201425142966
a pre-enrichment step is essential for detection of campylobacter sp. in turbid pond water.this work aimed to detect campylobacter species from naturally contaminated turbid pond water by pcr. a total of 16 water samples were collected from a turbid village pond. four methods of dna extraction were applied to centrifuge pellets from eight 100 ml pond water samples prior to attempted detection of campylobacter by pcr without an enrichment step. these methods were (1) tris-hcl and sodium dodecyl sulfate followed by phenol:chloroform:isoamylalcohol extraction followed by treatment with d ...201425134901
human, food and animal campylobacter spp. isolated in portugal: high genetic diversity and antibiotic resistance rates.infections by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are considered the major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans, with food being the main source of infection. in this study, a total of 196 campylobacter strains (125 isolates from humans, 39 from retail food and 32 from food animal sources) isolated in portugal between 2009 and 2012 were characterised by multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and flaa short variable region (svr) typing. susceptibility to six antibiotics as well as the ...201425130097
quantitative effects of in-line operations on campylobacter and escherichia coli through two australian broiler processing plants.campylobacter is an important food borne pathogen, mainly associated with poultry. a lack of through-chain quantitative campylobacter data has been highlighted within quantitative risk assessments. the aim of this study was to quantitatively and qualitatively measure campylobacter and escherichia coli concentration on chicken carcasses through poultry slaughter. chickens (n=240) were sampled from each of four flocks along the processing chain, before scald, after scald, before chill, after chill ...201425104301
campylobacter spp. and birds of prey.a total of 170 birds of prey admitted to two wildlife rescue and rehabilitation centers of italy were examined. birds were divided by diurnal (n = 15) and nocturnal (n = 7) species, sampled by cloacal swabs, and examined for campylobacter spp. by cultural and molecular methods. campylobacter spp. were isolated in 43 out of the 170 (25.3%) birds of prey examined. among these, 43/43 (100%) were identified as campylobacter jejuni and 10/43 (23.3%) were identified as campylobacter coli recovered fro ...201425055637
development and assessment of molecular diagnostic tests for 15 enteropathogens causing childhood diarrhoea: a multicentre study.childhood diarrhoea can be caused by many pathogens that are difficult to assay in the laboratory. molecular diagnostic techniques provide a uniform method to detect and quantify candidate enteropathogens. we aimed to develop and assess molecular tests for identification of enteropathogens and their association with disease.201425022434
prevalence of and risk factors for campylobacter colonisation in broiler flocks at the end of the rearing period in france.1. a study was conducted to estimate the prevalence and quantification by species of campylobacter infection in broiler flocks at the end of the rearing period and to identify associated risk factors. 2. a questionnaire about the rearing period was completed and caecal samples were collected from 121 broiler flocks in brittany, france, during 2008. 3. campylobacter was isolated in 87 out of 121 flocks--a prevalence of 71.9% (95% ci, 63.7-80.1%), including 40.5% of campylobacter jejuni and 29.8% ...201425010255
antibiotic susceptibility pattern and genotyping of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis.to study the prevalence and the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter species isolated from children suffering from gastroenteritis .201425008814
a national investigation of the prevalence and diversity of thermophilic campylobacter species in agricultural watersheds in canada.the occurrence and diversity of thermophilic campylobacter species (c. jejuni, coli, and lari) were studied in water samples from four river basins located across canada. these basins located in quebec (bras d'henri), alberta (oldman), ontario (south nation), and british columbia (sumas) represented some of the most intensive farming areas in canada for hog, beef cattle, dairy cattle, and poultry, respectively. this study analyzed 769 water samples collected from 23 monitoring sites with agricul ...201424930011
rapid detection and differentiation of important campylobacter spp. in poultry samples by dot blot and pcr.the detection of campylobacter, the most commonly reported cause of foodborne gastroenteritis in the european union, is very important for human health. the most commonly recognised risk factor for infection is the handling and/or consumption of undercooked poultry meat. the methods typically applied to evaluate the presence/absence of campylobacter in food samples are direct plating and/or enrichment culture based on the horizontal method for detection and enumeration of campylobacter spp. (iso ...201424929879
antimicrobial resistance among campylobacter spp. strains isolated from different poultry production systems at slaughterhouse level.the aim of the current work was to evaluate the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter spp. isolated from different chicken production systems at the slaughterhouse level. chicken sampling at slaughterhouse was performed for cecum, carcass, and breast meat from flocks of organic (n = 6), extensive indoor (n = 14), and intensive production (n = 14), totaling 34 ceca pools, 64 neck skin pools, and 132 breasts, representing 96,386 chickens. a collection of 167 strains were ide ...201424879708
molecular subtyping and antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter coli isolates from diarrheal patients and food-producing animals in china.the aim of this study was to determine the molecular subtyping and antimicrobial susceptibility characteristics of campylobacter coli isolates from different sources in china. one hundred thirteen c. coli isolates were subtyped by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge), multilocus sequence typing (mlst), and pora and flaa short variable region (svr) nucleotide sequences. cluster analysis was performed based on the pfge and sequence types (st). eighty-four pfge patterns (smai) were observed in 1 ...201424844559
supplementation of bolton broth with triclosan improves detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinse.we compared bolton enrichment broth supplemented with antimicrobial triclosan (t-bolton broth) and normal bolton broth for the isolation of campylobacter jejuni (c. jejuni) and campylobacter coli (c. coli) from chicken carcass rinse. whole chickens were rinsed with buffered peptone water prior to enrichment in normal bolton broth or t-bolton broth, followed by inoculation onto modified charcoal-cefoperazone-deoxycholate agar (mccda). suspect colonies were confirmed by pcr. we observed a signific ...201424813626
specific pathogen-free pig herds also free from campylobacter?as specific pathogen-free (spf) pig herds are designed and managed to prevent specific pig diseases, it might be feasible to expand the list of micro-organisms also including zoonotic pathogens such as campylobacter coli as this agent has its origin in pigs. in a previous survey, 15 of 16 of spf herds were found free from human pathogenic yersinia enterocolitica. accordingly, three nucleus and seven multiplying herds were surveyed for campylobacter to investigate whether the norwegian spf pig py ...201524798507
loads and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. on fresh chicken meat in nueva ecija, philippines.this study was performed to determine the prevalence and to semiquantify campylobacter spp. on chicken meat samples at 4 selected local wet markets in nueva ecija, philippines, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of the campylobacter isolates. out of 120 chicken meat samples, 57 (47.5%) were campylobacter spp. positive. the majority of isolated campylobacter strains were identified as campylobacter coli (54.4%) and 45.6% as campylobacter jejuni. most of these positive samples ...201424795322
marinade with thyme and orange oils reduces salmonella enteritidis and campylobacter coli on inoculated broiler breast fillets and whole wings.essential oils have been reported to possess antimicrobial properties and therefore have potential usage as natural antimicrobials in food. in a previous study, thyme orange essential oil combination (toc) used at the 0.5% level as a dip application on chicken cut-up parts had a significant antibacterial effect against salmonella and campylobacter. a study was designed to evaluate the effect of salt-phosphate marinade solution containing 0.5% toc to 1) reduce salmonella enteritidis and campyloba ...201424795320
outbreak of campylobacteriosis associated with a long-distance obstacle adventure race--nevada, october 2012.on october 12, 2012, the nellis air force base public health flight (nellis public health), near las vegas, nevada, was notified by the mike o'callaghan federal medical center (mofmc) emergency department (ed) of three active-duty military patients who went to the ed during october 10-12 with fever, vomiting, and hemorrhagic diarrhea. initial interviews by clinical staff members indicated that all three patients had participated october 6-7 in a long-distance obstacle adventure race on a cattle ...201424785983
molecular epidemiology and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter coli clinical isolates.campylobacter spp. is a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide, and c. coli is responsible for 10% of the cases.201424768104
prevalence of zoonotic campylobacter spp. in rectal swabs from dogs in slovakia: special reference to c. jejuni and c. coli.this work focused on the isolation of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in samples obtained from dog droppings. there were 135 samples collected and examined from both clinically healthy and diseased dogs from households, clinics, rehabilitation centres and dog shelters in eastern slovakia. the isolation of the campylobacter spp. was achieved by the use of combined selective cultivation methods, followed by confirmation and species identification of the isolates using the pcr method.the overall pr ...201424693660
molecular mechanisms of quinolone, macrolide, and tetracycline resistance among campylobacter isolates from initial stages of broiler production.the aim of this study was to investigate the resistance mechanisms of quinolones, macrolides and tetracycline in campylobacter isolates from grandparent and parent broiler breeders in spain. twenty-six isolates were investigated for quinolone resistance, three isolates for macrolide resistance and 39 for tetracycline resistance. all of the quinolone-resistant isolates possessed the mutation thr86ile in the quinolone resistance-determining region of gyra and one isolate possessed the mutation pro ...201424689432
evaluation and single-laboratory verification of a proposed modification to the u.s. food and drug administration method for detection and identification of campylobacter jejuni or campylobacter coli from raw silo milk.the current u.s. food and drug administration (fda) methodology for detection of campylobacter, a leading source for foodborne illness, is outdated. the purpose of this study, therefore, was to improve and update the cultural and identification methods found in the fda/bacteriological analytical manual (bam). raw silo milk samples containing typical and atypical strains of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli at different levels (5 cfu/25 g, 50 cfu/25 g, and 125 cfu/25 g) were analyzed. v ...201424645512
validation according to iso 16140:2003 of a commercial real-time pcr-based method for detecting campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari in foods.campylobacteriosis was the most frequently reported zoonosis in the european union (eu) in 2010, with campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter lari as the most frequently reported species in foodborne outbreaks (fbos). relatively sensitive to environmental factors, these species may be present in low numbers. in line with eu policy for food control and fbo detection and in view of the need to reduce response time, we validated an alternative molecular method according to iso 1 ...201424607425
a pcr-rflp assay for the detection and differentiation of campylobacter jejuni, c. coli, c. fetus, c. hyointestinalis, c. lari, c. helveticus and c. upsaliensis.although campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the most common bacterial causes of human gastrointestinal diseases, other campylobacter species are also involved in human and animal infections. in this study, we developed a cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene-based pcr-rflp assay for the detection and differentiation of c. jejuni, c. coli, c. fetus, c. hyointestinalis, c. lari, c. helveticus and c. upsaliensis. previously designed common primers, which can amplify the cdtb gene of c ...201424568882
prevalence of campylobacter among goats and retail goat meat in congo.the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli was determined in goat and goat meat sold at retail outlets in lubumbashi, democratic republic of congo (dr congo).201424518626
[microbiological diagnosis of infections caused by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in humans].campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are gram-negative, microaerophilic bacteria which are worldwide in distribution, causing a zoonotic disease in humans called campylobacteriosis. these infections are mainly caused by eating contaminated food products, most often improperly prepared poultry meat. campylobacteriosis usually takes the form of gastroenteritis, or inflammation of the intestines, and the characteristic symptoms are watery-mucous diarrhea often with the presence of blood in s ...201424491895
campylobacter coli cultured from the stools of a patient with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease.campylobacter has been associated with immunoproliferative small intestinal disease (ipsid), on the basis of 16s rdna sequencing, in situ hybridization, and immunohistochemistry. here, for the first time, we have cultured campylobacter from the stools of a patient with ipsid. phenotypic analysis and whole genome sequencing identified campylobacter coli. pcr on a ipsid tissue biopsy sample was positive for campylobacter coli and negative for campylobacter jejuni. these findings further support a ...201424438451
diversity of campylobacter in retail meat and liver of lambs and goat kids.the presence, genetic diversity, and antimicrobial susceptibility profile of campylobacter spp. in retail lamb and goat kid carcasses were assessed. a total of 200 samples consisting of 100 meat and 100 liver surface swabs were collected from 47 lamb and 53 goat kid carcasses at 23 retail markets in northern greece, and 125 campylobacter isolates were recovered from 32 meat surfaces (32%) and 44 liver surfaces (44%). multiplex polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphis ...201424437705
campylobacter in small ruminants at slaughter: prevalence, pulsotypes and antibiotic resistance.the present study aimed to address the prevalence, pulsotypes, and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of campylobacter species present in sheep and goat carcasses at slaughter. in total, 851 samples were collected (343 meat surfaces, 282 ileum contents, 226 liver surfaces) and 835 campylobacter isolates were detected in 274 out of 343 carcasses (116 kids, 110 lambs, 63 goats and 54 sheep). the contamination rates per carcass category were 78.4% for kids, 94.5% for lambs, 63.5% for goats, and ...201424412959
molecular typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from various retail meats by mlst and pfge.campylobacter species are one of the leading causes of foodborne disease in the united states. campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the two main species of concern to human health and cause approximately 95% of human infections. molecular typing methods, such as pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) are often used to source track foodborne bacterial pathogens. the aim of the present study was to compare pfge and mlst in typing strains of c. jeju ...201428234305
report of ribosomal rna methylase gene erm(b) in multidrug-resistant campylobacter coli.campylobacter is a major foodborne enteric pathogen and macrolides are the drug of choice for the clinical therapy of campylobacteriosis. macrolide resistance among campylobacter compromises clinical treatment, is associated with adverse health events and is a significant public health concern. here, we report the first identification of a horizontally transferrable macrolide resistance mechanism in porcine campylobacter coli zc113 that is mediated by a ribosomal rna methylase, erm(b).201424335515
antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from poultry in italy.this study was aimed at assessing the antimicrobial resistance (amr) of campylobacter isolates from broilers and turkeys reared in industrial farms in northern italy, given the public health concern represented by resistant campylobacters in food-producing animals and the paucity of data about this topic in our country. thirty-six campylobacter jejuni and 24 campylobacter coli isolated from broilers and 68 c. jejuni and 32 c. coli from turkeys were tested by disk diffusion for their susceptibili ...201424320689
evaluation of the culture method nihsj-02 alternative to iso 10272-1:2006 for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken: collaborative study.for the surveillance of the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in raw chicken products in japan, a qualitative method, national institute of health sciences japan (nihsj)-02, was developed as an alternative to international organization for standardization (iso) 10272-1:2006. in the nihsj-02 culture method, the enrichment step is carried out in a reduced volume of preston broth at 42 +/- 1 degrees c to reduce cost and space, and to prevent the overgrowth of background bact ...201324282937
[spontaneous bacteremia due to campylobacter coli in a cirrhotic patient]. 201424280064
multilocus sequence typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from environmental waters in the mediterranean area.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are important animal-related waterborne pathogens that are distributed worldwide. to further understand campylobacter populations in water from the mediterranean area, the genetic diversity of environmental strains was analyzed using multilocus sequence typing (mlst). mlst was also used to determine the potential geographical differences between these bacterial strains and other campylobacters isolated worldwide. the typing study was conducted using 58 ...201324216328
genotypes and antibiotic resistance of canine campylobacter jejuni isolates.campylobacter jejuni is the most important cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. it is a commensal in many wild and domestic animals, including dogs. whereas genotypes of human and chicken c. jejuni isolates have been described in some detail, only little information on canine c. jejuni genotypes is available. to gain more information on genotypes of canine c. jejuni and their zoonotic potential, isolates from routine diagnostics of diarrheic dogs as well as isolates of a prevalence stud ...201424210812
prevalence of three campylobacter species, c. jejuni, c. coli, and c. lari, using multilocus sequence typing in wild birds of the mid-atlantic region, usa.campylobacter jejuni is responsible for the majority of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in the us, usually due to the consumption of undercooked poultry. research on which avian species transmit the bacterium is limited, especially in the us. we sampled wild birds in three families-anatidae, scolopacidae, and laridae-in eastern north america to determine the prevalence and specific strains of campylobacter. the overall prevalence of campylobacter spp. was 9.2% for all wild birds sampled (n = ...201424171567
free-living waterfowl as a source of zoonotic bacteria in a dense wild bird population area in northeastern spain.salmonella spp. and campylobacter spp. are zoonotic bacteria that represent an economic and public health concern worldwide. due to the difficulty to collect samples from free-living waterfowl, little is known on their importance as a reservoir of zoonotic agents. thus, a study was conducted to determine the prevalence, genotypic diversity and antimicrobial susceptibility of salmonella and campylobacter from waterfowl in ebro delta (northeastern spain), a geographical area with a dense wild bird ...201524112278
antimicrobial activity of essential oils and five terpenoid compounds against campylobacter jejuni in pure and mixed culture experiments.the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of three essential oils (eos: tea tree oil, lemon myrtle oil and leptospermum oil), five terpenoid compounds (α-bisabolol, α-terpinene, cineole, nerolidol and terpinen-4-ol) and polyphenol against two strains of campylobacter jejuni (acm 3393 and the poultry isolate c338), campylobacter coli and other gram negative and gram positive bacteria. different formulations of neem oil (azadirachta indica) with these compounds were also tes ...201324041998
preventing campylobacter at the source: why is it so difficult?campylobacteriosis in humans, caused by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, is the most common recognized bacterial zoonosis in the european union and the united states. the acute phase is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. the long-term sequelae (guillain-barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome) contribute considerably to the disease burden. attribution studies identified poultry as the reservoir responsible for up to 80% of the human ca ...201324014733
food-borne zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of indicator bacteria in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain.wildlife is increasingly abundant in urban environments, but little is known about the zoonotic pathogens carried by these populations. urban wild boars are of particular concern because this species is well-known as a pathogen reservoir, and thus, we studied selected zoonotic pathogens in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain (n=41). salmonella enterica was found in 5.00% (95% ci 0.61-16.91) and campylobacter coli in 4.88% (95% ci 0.6-16.53) of the animals. e. coli o157:h7 and c. jejuni were not ...201323992794
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry carcasses in poland.the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in poland. for the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. a total of 498 campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. strains were identified to species with the pcr method; 53.6% of the strains were campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were campylobacter coli. a high p ...201323905805
review of current methodologies to isolate and identify campylobacter spp. from foods.this article summarizes the most effective protocols to isolate campylobacter spp. (mainly campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli) from food, primarily poultry products, and includes a summary of the current methods recommended by the food and drug administration and the u.s. department of agriculture in the usa, and iso in europe. the recommended temperature for incubation of the samples throughout the isolation procedure is 42°c. the enrichment of the samples for 48h, which can be perform ...201323899774
inhibitory effect of high-dosage zinc oxide dietary supplementation on campylobacter coli excretion in weaned piglets.this study investigated the impact of zinc oxide (zno) on campylobacter coli by in vivo and in vitro assays.201323869938
widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance among campylobacter isolates from uk retail poultry and evidence for clonal expansion of resistant lineages.antimicrobial resistance is increasing among clinical campylobacter cases and is common among isolates from other sources, specifically retail poultry - a major source of human infection. in this study the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from a uk-wide survey of campylobacter in retail poultry in 2001 and 2004-5 was investigated. the occurrence of phenotypes resistant to tetracycline, quinolones (ciprofloxacin and naladixic acid), erythromycin, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides was qu ...201323855904
potential of a commercially available water acidification product for reducing campylobacter in broilers prior to slaughter.1. this study investigated the potential of a commercially available acidified water treatment (pwt) for reducing the number of campylobacter in vitro and other bacteria in the gut of live broilers. 2. in vitro tests indicated that pwt was highly effective for reducing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli at the recommended concentration in water, reducing populations by greater than 7 log10 cfu/ml after 24 h exposure. the decrease in the number of salmonella serovar enteritidis and esche ...201323796116
prevalence of campylobacter spp. relative to other enteric pathogens in grow-finish pigs with diarrhea.salmonella spp., lawsonia intracellularis, and brachyspira spp. are pathogens commonly associated with diarrhea in growing and finishing pigs. brachyspira spp. infection has recently reemerged as a significant concern due to an increase in the incidence of swine dysentery; however, the mechanisms underlying this increase in dysentery remain largely unknown. pigs are also well-recognized as potential carriers of campylobacter spp., particularly campylobacter coli, yet enteric disease in swine ass ...201323792232
absence of class 1 and class 2 integrons among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from poultry in italy. 201323788478
pathogenic microbiological baseline survey of pork carcasses in taiwan.from 2004 to 2010, pork carcass swabs from state-inspected slaughter plants in taiwan were intermittently analyzed to determine the prevalence of selected pathogenic microorganisms associated with foodborne illness. the prevalences of staphylococcus aureus each year from 2006 to 2010 were 6.6, 10.8, 5.1, 6.4, and 7.4%, respectively, while those of listeria monocytogenes were 1.2% in 2004, 1.3% in 2005, and 3.5% in 2008. the prevalences of clostridium perfringens were 0.9% in 2004, 3.2% in 2005, ...201323726203
demographic and clinical characteristics of campylobacter bacteremia in children with and without predisposing factors.campylobacter, a common cause of childhood gastroenteritis, rarely causes bacteremia, which is reported mainly in immune-compromised children. our aim was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of childhood campylobacter bacteremia (cb) between children with and without risk factors for cb.201323694835
prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli species in cats and dogs from bydgoszcz (poland) region.the aim of this study was to investigate the role of cats and dogs as a potential reservoir of campylobacter spp. rectal swabs from 83 dogs and 71 cats were examined. samples were obtained from the animals aged between 2 weeks and 24 months living in shelters, private households, farms and from veterinary clinics located in bydgoszcz region during routine check-up. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 4.81% dogs and 9.86% cats, respectively. c. jejuni was predominant in this study. all strains ...201323691584
occurrence of campylobacter and salmonella in ducks and duck eggs in selangor, malaysia.the importance of campylobacter and salmonella as foodborne pathogens is well recognised globally. a recent work in penang found ducks in commercial farms were infected with these organisms. the aim of the study was to detect the presence of campylobacter and salmonella in ducks and salmonella in duck eggs in farms in a small part of selangor. cloacal swabs were obtained from 75 ducks and 30 duck eggs from three farms. the isolation and identification of campylobacter and salmonella were done us ...201323665722
campylobacter coli outbreak in men who have sex with men, quebec, canada, 2010-2011.during september 2010-november 2011, a cluster of erythromycin-susceptible, tetracycline- and ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter coli pulsovar 1 infections was documented, involving 10 case-patients, in montreal, quebec, canada. the findings suggested sexual transmission of an enteric infection among men who have sex with men.201323647786
characterization of the campylobacter jejuni cryptic plasmid ptiw94 recovered from wild birds in the southeastern united states.the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a cryptic plasmid, ptiw94, recovered from several campylobacter jejuni isolates from wild birds in the southeastern united states. ptiw94 is a circular molecule of 3860 nucleotides, with a g+c content (31.0%) similar to that of many campylobacter spp. genomes. a typical origin of replication, with iteron sequences, was identified upstream of dna sequences that demonstrated similarity to replication initiation proteins. a total of five open read ...201323639726
using campylobacter spp. and escherichia coli data and bayesian microbial risk assessment to examine public health risks in agricultural watersheds under tile drainage management.human campylobacteriosis is the leading bacterial gastrointestinal illness in canada; environmental transmission has been implicated in addition to transmission via consumption of contaminated food. information about campylobacter spp. occurrence at the watershed scale will enhance our understanding of the associated public health risks and the efficacy of source water protection strategies. the overriding purpose of this study is to provide a quantitative framework to assess and compare the rel ...201323623467
aerobic growth of campylobacter in media supplemented with c3-monocarboxylates and c4-dicarboxylates.experiments were conducted to examine aerobic growth of campylobacter spp. in basal media supplemented with c4-dicarboxylates (fumarate, succinate, or malate) and c3-monocarboxylates (pyruvate or lactate). basal medium was supplemented with 30 mm fumarate, succinate, or malate and 0 to 100 mm lactate or pyruvate; inoculated with 10(6) cfu/ml of campylobacter coli, campylobacter fetus, or campylobacter jejuni; then incubated aerobically at 37 °c for 72 h. optical density (od) of cultures was meas ...201323575134
improvement of karmali agar by addition of polymyxin b for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in whole-chicken carcass rinse.the karmali agar was modified by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin b. the goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of a high concentration of polymyxin b on the ability and selectivity of the modified karmali agar to isolate campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from whole chicken carcass rinse. a total of 80 whole chickens were rinsed with 400 ml of buffer peptone water. the rinsed samples were incubated with 2× blood-free modified bolton enrichment broth for 48 h ...201323550907
improved protocol for isolation of campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat and use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis for the typing of isolates.to improve the detection of campylobacter spp. in retail broiler meat, a reference method (r subsamples) based on the enrichment of 25 g of meat in bolton broth at 42°c under microaerobiosis was compared with an alternative method (a subsamples) consisting in the rinsing of meat samples for 30s in buffered peptone water with antimicrobials with incubation at 42°c under aerobiosis. one piece of meat (breasts, tenderloins and thighs) was rinse in experiment 1 (a1) and two pieces in experiment 2 (a ...201323545445
salmonella, campylobacter, and chlamydophila in bald ibis (geronticus eremita) feces in turkey.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., and chlamydophila psittaci in fecal samples of bald ibises (geronticus eremita) housed in a conservation facility in turkey. a total of 82 fecal samples were collected from cages and evaluated by bacteriologic methods and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. and by pcr for c. psittaci. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 24 of 82 fecal samples (29.2%). ...201323505699
development of a selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin b for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses.a new campylobacter-selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin b was developed (charcoal-cefoperazone-polymyxin b-deoxycholate broth; ccpd broth). we compared the ability of ccpd broth to detect campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses to that of modified bolton (mbolton) broth. eighty whole chickens were purchased from retailers and rinsed with 400 ml buffered peptone water. the rinsed samples were enr ...201323474610
evaluation of fecal calprotectin in campylobacter concisus and campylobacter jejuni/coli gastroenteritis.calprotectin (cp) is a calcium-binding cytosolic neutrophil protein and the concentration in feces reflects the migration of neutrophils into the gut lumen. testing for fecal cp (f-cp) in patients with negative cultures for enteric pathogens is widely accepted as a useful screening tool for identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from endoscopy for suspected inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with the assumption that a negative f-cp is compatible with a functional disorder. campylobact ...201323448294
importance of the producer on retail broiler meat product contamination with campylobacter spp.campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with poultry meat being considered the most important source of the infection. to obtain data on broiler meat contamination with campylobacter spp. in lithuania, the occurrence, counts and genotypes of these pathogens on raw broiler meat products from different producers were examined.201323400735
antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from two early stages of poultry production.our aim was to monitor the resistance of campylobacter isolates from two initial stages of broiler production in 5 grandparent breeder broiler farms (gpbfs) and 12 parent breeder broiler farms (pbfs) in which no antimicrobials were used during the study. susceptibility tests were carried out for 805 strains (697 campylobacter jejuni and 108 campylobacter coli) against nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloram ...201323391315
non-stochastic sampling error in quantal analyses for campylobacter species on poultry products.using primers and fluorescent probes specific for the most common food-borne campylobacter species (campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli), we developed a multiplex, most probable number (mpn) assay using quantitative pcr (qpcr) as the determinant for binomial detection: i.e., number of p positive pathogen growth responses out of n = 6 observations each of 4 ml (v) per dilution. working with media washes of thrice frozen-thawed chicken pieces which had been spiked with known levels of c. j ...201323380949
prevalence, quantitative load, and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. from broiler ceca and broiler skin samples in thailand.this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks by testing cecal contents at slaughter and to detect and quantify campylobacter on broiler carcass skin samples of the corresponding slaughter batches, to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of the campylobacter isolates, and to genotype selected campylobacter jejuni isolates using multilocus sequence typing analysis. ninety-eight broiler flocks were included in the study. intact ceca were random ...201323300314
resistance to bile salts and sodium deoxycholate in macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and resistant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains.campylobacter are the most commonly reported bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and they are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, including macrolides and fluoroquinolones, those most frequently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. active efflux mechanisms are involved in resistance of campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials, and are also essential for campylobacter colonization in the animal intestine, through mediation of bile resistance. acquisition of ...201323289436
absence of tetracycline resistance in campylobacter coli isolates from finnish finishing pigs treated with chlortetracycline.to determine whether therapeutic treatment of pigs with chlortetracycline affects the susceptibility of their campylobacter isolates for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.201323282197
molecular characterization and genotypic antimicrobial resistance analysis of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from broiler flocks in northern italy.genetic variability and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (amr) of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from commercial broiler farms were investigated in this study. campylobacter isolates were genetically characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and flaa-svr and flab-svr sequence-based typing. eight rapd types were identified in c. jejuni and three in c. coli, while 16 fla profiles were detected among all isolates. further, 13 flaa-svr an ...201223237371
screening for lactic acid bacteria capable of inhibiting campylobacter jejuni in in vitro simulations of the broiler chicken caecal environment.thermotolerant campylobacter spp., specifically campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, are the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in developed countries. consumption of improperly prepared poultry products and cross contamination are among the main causes of human campylobacteriosis. the aim of this study was to identify lactic acid bacterial (lab) strains capable of inhibiting c. jejuni growth in initial in vitro trials ('spot-on-lawn' method), as well as in batch ferme ...201223234730
comparative genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of zoonotic campylobacter species isolated from broilers in a nationwide survey, portugal.campylobacter is a major cause of human foodborne disease worldwide and has been associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. the prevalence of campylobacter species in broiler flocks from more than 200 producers widespread in mainland portugal was assessed in 2008 in response to commission decision 2007/516/ec. campylobacter isolates were obtained from 83.3% of 424 pooled cecal samples, with a higher prevalence of campylobacter coli (61.2%) than campylobacter jejuni (38.8%). restric ...201223212005
effects of antimicrobials fed as dietary growth promoters on faecal shedding of campylobacter, salmonella and shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli in swine.to determine whether antimicrobials commonly used in swine diets affect zoonotic pathogen shedding in faeces.201323163916
effects of efflux-pump inducers and genetic variation of the multidrug transporter cmeb in biocide resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.multidrug efflux pumps, such as cmeabc and cmedef, are involved in the resistance of campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials. the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of two putative efflux-pump inducers, bile salts and sodium deoxycholate, on the resistance of campylobacter to biocides (triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine diacetate, cetylpyridinium chloride and trisodium phosphate), sds and erythromycin. the involvement of the cmeabc and cmedef efflux pumps in th ...201323161768
susceptibility of campylobacter to high intensity near ultraviolet/visible 395±5nm light and its effectiveness for the decontamination of raw chicken and contact surfaces.campylobacter is an important cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. chicken meat is frequently contaminated with this organism and is considered to be a significant source of infection. it has been predicted that lowering the numbers of campylobacter on chicken meat can reduce the risk to public health. the aims of the current study were to investigate the susceptibility of campylobacter to high intensity near ultraviolet/visible (nuv-vis) 395±5nm light and to examine its potential for the m ...201223107507
sensitive and rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is an established nucleic acid amplification method offering rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. from the beginning of dna extraction to final detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the assay requires less than 50 and 90 min from a colony on selective media, and human feces, respectively. for chicken meat samples, the assay requires approximately 24-48 h from the beginning of the enrichment culture ...201323104296
comparison of adhesion, invasion, motility, and toxin production of campylobacter strains and their resistant mutants.the objectives of this study were to compare the in vitro adhesion and invasion of human epithelial cells, motility, and toxin production characteristics of campylobacter-susceptible strains and their fluoroquinolone- or macrolide-resistant mutants. susceptible strains and resistant mutants demonstrated similar adhesion capacities to epithelial cells. for campylobacter coli, fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants with thr86ile or asp90asn substitutions showed a higher rate of invasion of caco-2 cells ...201323095083
antibiotic susceptibility of salmonella, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter jejuni isolated from northern german fattening pigs.this study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility rate of salmonella and campylobacter spp. isolated from northern german fattening pigs. from 540 lymph node samples, 16 salmonella typhimurium, 1 salmonella brandenburg, 37 campylobacter coli, and 11 campylobacter jejuni strains were isolated. antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by the broth dilution method. the 14 tested antibiotics for salmonella were ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciproflo ...201223043834
antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens from retail raw meats and food-producing animals in japan.to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of campylobacter, salmonella, staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in food-producing animals and retail raw meats in japan, raw meat samples as well as food-producing animal feces, cutaneous swabs, and nasal swabs collected from 2004 to 2006 were analyzed. isolation rates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, salmonella, and s. aureus were 34.6% (36 ...201223043825
campylobacter spp. - prevalence on pig livers and antimicrobial susceptibility.the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. on surfaces of slaughtered pig livers. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was performed to determine the sequence types (sts) of selected campylobacter coli isolates. additionally, c. coli and campylobacter jejuni isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the broth dilution method. the minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for erythromycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, nali ...201323040119
effects of feeding finisher pigs with chicory or lupine feed for one week or two weeks before slaughter with respect to levels of bifidobacteria and campylobacter.this study aimed to assess whether inclusion of chicory or lupine (prebiotics) in the diet of pre-slaughter pigs for just 1 or 2 weeks could change the composition of their intestinal microbiota, stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and help to lower the amount of thermoplilic campylobacter spp. (mainly campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli), which are a major cause of food-borne infections in humans. a total of 48 pigs that had an initial live weight of 90 kg were fed with either a lupi ...201323031645
campylobacter sequence typing databases: applications and future prospects.human campylobacteriosis, caused by the zoonotic bacteria campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, remains a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. for many countries the implementation of effective interventions to reduce the burden of this disease is a high priority. nucleotide sequence-based typing, including multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and antigen gene sequence typing (agst), has provided unified, comprehensive, and portable campylobacter isolate characterization, with curated d ...201222986295
experimental infection of weaned piglets with campylobacter coli--excretion and translocation in a pig colonisation trial.campylobacter (c.) is one of the most common food-borne pathogen causing bacterial enteric infections in humans. consumption of meat and meat products that have been contaminated with campylobacter are the major source of infection. pigs are a natural reservoir of campylobacter spp. with c. coli as the dominant species. even though some studies focussed on transmission of c. coli in pig herds and the excretion in faeces, little is known about the colonisation and excretion dynamics of c. coli in ...201322986057
an enhanced technique combining pre-enrichment and passive filtration increases the isolation efficiency of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from water and animal fecal samples.improved isolation techniques from environmental water and animal samples are vital to understanding campylobacter epidemiology. in this study, the efficiency of selective enrichment in bolton broth (bb) followed by plating on charcoal cefoperazone deoxycholate agar (ccda) (conventional method) was compared with an approach combining bb enrichment and passive filtration (membrane method) adapted from a method previously developed for testing of broiler meat, in the isolation of thermophilic camp ...201222985716
effects of lactic acid and commercial chilling processes on survival of salmonella, yersinia enterocolitica, and campylobacter coli in pork variety meats.current industry chilling practices with and without the application of 2% l-lactic acid were compared for their effectiveness at reducing levels of salmonella, yersinia enterocolitica, and campylobacter coli on pork variety meats. pork variety meats (livers, intestines, hearts, and stomachs) were inoculated individually with one of the three pathogens and subjected to five different treatment combinations that included one or more of the following: water wash (25°c), lactic acid spray (2%, 40 t ...201222947465
campylobacter spp. recovered from the upper oconee river watershed, georgia in a 4-year study.waterways should be considered in the migration routes of campylobacter, and the genus has been isolated from several water sources. inferences on migration routes can be made from tracking genetic types in populations found in specific habitats and testing how they are linked to other types. water samples were taken over a 4-year period from waterways in the upper oconee river watershed, georgia, to recover isolates of thermophilic campylobacter. the isolates were typed by multilocus sequence t ...201322945232
occurrence of ε-proteobacterial species in rabbits (oryctolagus cuniculus) reared in intensive and rural farms.in order to investigate the occurrence of campylobacter, helicobacter and arcobacter species in caecal contents of rabbits reared in intensive and rural farms, a total of 87 samples from animals belonging to 29 farms were analysed by both cultural and pcr analyses. pcr analysis directly from faecal samples detected 100% positive samples for campylobacter genus, 3.4% for helicobacter genus and none for arcobacter genus. 83 out of 87 animals (95.4%) and all the 29 farms were positive for campyloba ...201322944072
campylobacter coli isolates from finnish farrowing farms using aminopenicillins: high prevalence of bla(oxa-61) and β-lactamase production, but low mic values.antimicrobial treatment of animals may select resistance in campylobacter to antimicrobial agents belonging to several classes of compounds. we investigated the effect of widely used aminopenicillin therapy on the minimum inhibitory concentration (mic) levels in porcine campylobacter coli isolates and investigated the presence of a β-lactamase gene and β-lactamase production. epidemiological cut-off values (ecoffs) were applied to detect decreased susceptibility. fifty-three isolates were obtain ...201222924522
[simple and rapid detection methods for campylobacters].campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli have been leading cause of food poisoning in terms of both number of patients and cases in japan. therefore these bacteria are recognized as one of the most important food-borne pathogens. since campylobacters are microaerobic, slow growing, biochemically unreactive, not only it takes some time but also there are several problems regarding isolation and identification of campylobacter spp. we found that cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes are ubiqu ...201222894063
short-term and medium-term clinical outcomes of campylobacter concisus infection.there are only sparse data on the short-term and medium-term clinical impacts of campylobacter concisus infection. a clinical study was performed during a 2-year period to determine the clinical manifestations in c. concisus-positive adult patients. a case patient was defined as an adult patient (≥18 years) with a c. concisus-positive stool sample during the study period. clinical data were obtained with use of a questionnaire supplemented with the patients' medical records, if any. the short-te ...201222882347
bacteremia caused by antimicrobial resistant campylobacter species at a medical center in taiwan, 1998-2008.this study was intended to delineate the clinical and microbiological characteristics of patients with bacteremia caused by campylobacter species.201222771419
prevalence of opportunistic intestinal parasitic infections among hiv-infected patients with low cd4 cells counts in france in the combination antiretroviral therapy era.the use of combination antiretroviral therapy (cart) has dramatically reduced the prevalence of opportunistic infections, however data on the prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in hiv-infected patients with low cd4 cell counts in the cart era are scarce.201222771183
effects of efflux pump inhibitors on erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline resistance in campylobacter spp. isolates.the aim was to assess the potency of the efflux pump inhibitors (epis) phenylalanine-arginine ß-naphthylamide (paßn) and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (nmp) and the putative natural epi phenolic (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (egcg) for the reversal of erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates. we investigated target mutations and resistant genes involved in erythromycin and tetracycline resistance and determined the roles of ...201222741576
Displaying items 2201 - 2300 of 2341