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experimental infection of weaned piglets with campylobacter coli--excretion and translocation in a pig colonisation trial.campylobacter (c.) is one of the most common food-borne pathogen causing bacterial enteric infections in humans. consumption of meat and meat products that have been contaminated with campylobacter are the major source of infection. pigs are a natural reservoir of campylobacter spp. with c. coli as the dominant species. even though some studies focussed on transmission of c. coli in pig herds and the excretion in faeces, little is known about the colonisation and excretion dynamics of c. coli in ...201322986057
campylobacter sequence typing databases: applications and future prospects.human campylobacteriosis, caused by the zoonotic bacteria campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, remains a major cause of gastroenteritis worldwide. for many countries the implementation of effective interventions to reduce the burden of this disease is a high priority. nucleotide sequence-based typing, including multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and antigen gene sequence typing (agst), has provided unified, comprehensive, and portable campylobacter isolate characterization, with curated d ...201222986295
chromosomal tet(o)-harboring regions in campylobacter coli isolates from turkeys and swine.in turkey-derived campylobacter coli isolates of a unique lineage (cluster ii), the tetracycline resistance determinant tet(o) was chromosomal and was part of a gene cassette (transposon) interrupting a campylobacter jejuni-associated putative citrate transporter gene. in contrast, the swine-derived c. coli strain 6461 harbored a chromosomal tet(o) in a different genomic location.201223023744
case-control study of the etiology of infant diarrheal disease in 14 districts in madagascar.acute diarrhea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality worldwide. its microbiological causes and clinico-epidemiological aspects were examined during the rainy seasons from 2008 to 2009 in 14 districts in madagascar.201223028555
regulation of energy metabolism by the extracytoplasmic function (ecf) σ factors of arcobacter butzleri.the extracytoplasmic function (ecf) σ factors are fundamental for bacterial adaptation to distinct environments and for survival under different stress conditions. the emerging pathogen arcobacter butzleri possesses seven putative pairs of σ/anti-σ factors belonging to the ecf family. here, we report the identification of the genes regulated by five out of the seven a. butzleri ecf σ factors. three of the ecf σ factors play an apparent role in transport, energy generation and the maintenance of ...201223028624
effects of feeding finisher pigs with chicory or lupine feed for one week or two weeks before slaughter with respect to levels of bifidobacteria and campylobacter.this study aimed to assess whether inclusion of chicory or lupine (prebiotics) in the diet of pre-slaughter pigs for just 1 or 2 weeks could change the composition of their intestinal microbiota, stimulate the growth of bifidobacteria and help to lower the amount of thermoplilic campylobacter spp. (mainly campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli), which are a major cause of food-borne infections in humans. a total of 48 pigs that had an initial live weight of 90 kg were fed with either a lupi ...201323031645
campylobacter spp. - prevalence on pig livers and antimicrobial susceptibility.the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. on surfaces of slaughtered pig livers. multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was performed to determine the sequence types (sts) of selected campylobacter coli isolates. additionally, c. coli and campylobacter jejuni isolates were tested for antimicrobial susceptibility by the broth dilution method. the minimal inhibitory concentrations were determined for erythromycin, gentamicin, ampicillin, ampicillin/sulbactam, nali ...201323040119
biophysical and bioinformatic analyses implicate the treponema pallidum tp34 lipoprotein (tp0971) in transition metal homeostasis.metal ion homeostasis is a critical function of many integral and peripheral membrane proteins. the genome of the etiologic agent of syphilis, treponema pallidum, is compact and devoid of many metabolic enzyme genes. nevertheless, it harbors genes coding for homologs of several enzymes that typically require either iron or zinc. the product of the tp0971 gene of t. pallidum, designated tp34, is a periplasmic lipoprotein that is thought to be tethered to the inner membrane of this organism. previ ...201223042995
antibiotic resistance in bacterial pathogens from retail raw meats and food-producing animals in japan.to determine the prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility profiles of campylobacter, salmonella, staphylococcus aureus, methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), and vancomycin-resistant enterococci (vre) in food-producing animals and retail raw meats in japan, raw meat samples as well as food-producing animal feces, cutaneous swabs, and nasal swabs collected from 2004 to 2006 were analyzed. isolation rates of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, salmonella, and s. aureus were 34.6% (36 ...201223043825
antibiotic susceptibility of salmonella, campylobacter coli, and campylobacter jejuni isolated from northern german fattening pigs.this study was conducted to assess the antimicrobial susceptibility rate of salmonella and campylobacter spp. isolated from northern german fattening pigs. from 540 lymph node samples, 16 salmonella typhimurium, 1 salmonella brandenburg, 37 campylobacter coli, and 11 campylobacter jejuni strains were isolated. antibiotic susceptibility testing was carried out by the broth dilution method. the 14 tested antibiotics for salmonella were ampicillin, cefotaxime, ceftazidime, chloramphenicol, ciproflo ...201223043834
bacterial toxin modulation of the eukaryotic cell cycle: are all cytolethal distending toxins created equally?the cytolethal distending toxins (cdts) comprise a family of intracellular-acting bacterial protein toxins whose actions upon eukaryotic cells result in several consequences, the most characteristic of which is the induction of g(2)/m cell cycle arrest. most cdts are hetero-tripartite assemblies of cdta, cdtb, and cdtc, with cdtb required for cdt-mediated cell cycle arrest. several lines of evidence indicate that cdta and cdtc are required for the optimal intracellular activity of cdtb, although ...201223061054
bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay for the detection of norovirus capsid antigen.an ultrasensitive and fully automated bioluminescent enzyme immunoassay (bleia) was developed for the detection of norovirus (nv) capsid antigen. in the evaluation tests with recombinant virus-like particles, the bleia demonstrated broad reactivity against several nv genotypes (genotypes 1, 3, 4, 7, 8, and 12 in genogroup i [gi] and genotypes 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 12, and 13 in gii), a wide dose-response range from 0.25 pg/ml to 10,000 pg/ml, and good reproducibility with low coefficients of variati ...201223081816
comparison of adhesion, invasion, motility, and toxin production of campylobacter strains and their resistant mutants.the objectives of this study were to compare the in vitro adhesion and invasion of human epithelial cells, motility, and toxin production characteristics of campylobacter-susceptible strains and their fluoroquinolone- or macrolide-resistant mutants. susceptible strains and resistant mutants demonstrated similar adhesion capacities to epithelial cells. for campylobacter coli, fluoroquinolone-resistant mutants with thr86ile or asp90asn substitutions showed a higher rate of invasion of caco-2 cells ...201323095083
sensitive and rapid detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli using loop-mediated isothermal amplification.loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) is an established nucleic acid amplification method offering rapid, accurate, and cost-effective diagnosis of infectious diseases. from the beginning of dna extraction to final detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the assay requires less than 50 and 90 min from a colony on selective media, and human feces, respectively. for chicken meat samples, the assay requires approximately 24-48 h from the beginning of the enrichment culture ...201323104296
susceptibility of campylobacter to high intensity near ultraviolet/visible 395±5nm light and its effectiveness for the decontamination of raw chicken and contact surfaces.campylobacter is an important cause of human gastroenteritis worldwide. chicken meat is frequently contaminated with this organism and is considered to be a significant source of infection. it has been predicted that lowering the numbers of campylobacter on chicken meat can reduce the risk to public health. the aims of the current study were to investigate the susceptibility of campylobacter to high intensity near ultraviolet/visible (nuv-vis) 395±5nm light and to examine its potential for the m ...201223107507
using major outer membrane protein typing as an epidemiological tool to investigate outbreaks caused by milk-borne campylobacter jejuni isolates in california.we describe using major outer membrane protein (momp) typing as a screen to compare the campylobacter jejuni pora gene sequences of clinical outbreak strains from human stool with the pora sequences of dairy farm strains isolated during two milk-borne campylobacteriosis outbreak investigations in california. the genetic relatedness of clinical and environmental strains with identical or closely related pora sequences was confirmed by multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresi ...201323115263
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of thermophilic campylobacter isolated from chicken in côte d'ivoire.thermophilic campylobacters are major causes of gastroenteritis in human. the main risk factor of infection is consumption of contaminated or by cross-contaminated poultry meat. in côte d'ivoire, gastroenteritis is usually observed but no case of human campylobacteriosis has been formally reported to date. the aims of this study were to determine prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from chickens ceaca in commercial slaughter in abidjan. ...201223133454
immunogenomics for identification of disease resistance genes in pigs: a review focusing on gram-negative bacilli.over the past years, infectious disease has caused enormous economic loss in pig industry. among the pathogens, gram negative bacteria not only cause inflammation, but also cause different diseases and make the pigs more susceptible to virus infection. vaccination, medication and elimination of sick pigs are major strategies of controlling disease. genetic methods, such as selection of disease resistance in the pig, have not been widely used. recently, the completion of the porcine whole genome ...201223137309
live virus-free or die: coupling of antivirus immunity and programmed suicide or dormancy in prokaryotes.the virus-host arms race is a major theater for evolutionary innovation. archaea and bacteria have evolved diverse, elaborate antivirus defense systems that function on two general principles: i) immune systems that discriminate self dna from nonself dna and specifically destroy the foreign, in particular viral, genomes, whereas the host genome is protected, or ii) programmed cell suicide or dormancy induced by infection.201223151069
detection of campylobacter species and arcobacter butzleri in stool samples by use of real-time multiplex pcr.the presence of campylobacter (or campylobacter-like) species in stools from patients suspected of infectious gastroenteritis (n = 493) was investigated using real-time pcr for detection of arcobacter butzleri (hsp60 gene), campylobacter coli (ceue gene), campylobacter jejuni (mapa), five acknowledged pathogenic campylobacter spp. (c16s_lund assay), and the campylobacter genus (c16s_lvi assay). in total, 71.4% of the samples were positive for campylobacter dna (n = 352) by a campylobacter genus- ...201323152553
effects of efflux-pump inducers and genetic variation of the multidrug transporter cmeb in biocide resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.multidrug efflux pumps, such as cmeabc and cmedef, are involved in the resistance of campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials. the aim of this study was to analyse the effects of two putative efflux-pump inducers, bile salts and sodium deoxycholate, on the resistance of campylobacter to biocides (triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, chlorhexidine diacetate, cetylpyridinium chloride and trisodium phosphate), sds and erythromycin. the involvement of the cmeabc and cmedef efflux pumps in th ...201323161768
effects of antimicrobials fed as dietary growth promoters on faecal shedding of campylobacter, salmonella and shiga-toxin producing escherichia coli in swine.to determine whether antimicrobials commonly used in swine diets affect zoonotic pathogen shedding in faeces.201323163916
diagnostic microbiologic methods in the gems-1 case/control study.to understand the etiology of moderate-to-severe diarrhea among children in high mortality areas of sub-saharan africa and south asia, we performed a comprehensive case/control study of children aged <5 years at 7 sites. each site employed an identical case/control study design and each utilized a uniform comprehensive set of microbiological assays to identify the likely bacterial, viral and protozoal etiologies. the selected assays effected a balanced consideration of cost, robustness and perfo ...201223169941
rapid detection of campylobacter antigen by enzyme immunoassay leads to increased positivity rates.campylobacter antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (eia) provides rapid results compared to traditional culture. however, concern exists regarding specificity. verification studies of an eia compared to culture revealed a positive predictive value (ppv) of 91%, whereas ppv fell to 42% during routine diagnostic testing. we suggest all positive eia results be confirmed via culture.201323175262
comparison of three different methods for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in a tertiary pediatric care center.shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is a well-known cause of sporadic and epidemic food-borne gastroenteritis. a low infectious dose, approximately 10 microorganisms, is sufficient to cause disease that may lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the objective of this study was to compare the performances of an in-house real-time pcr, a commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (premier ehec; meridian bioscience), and culture on sorbitol macconkey agar for the detection of stec in a tertiary care ...201323175264
a laboratory-developed taqman array card for simultaneous detection of 19 enteropathogens.the taqman array card (tac) system is a 384-well singleplex real-time pcr format that has been used to detect multiple infection targets. here we developed an enteric taqman array card to detect 19 enteropathogens, including viruses (adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus gii, rotavirus, and sapovirus), bacteria (campylobacter jejuni/c. coli, clostridium difficile, salmonella, vibrio cholerae, diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains including enteroaggregative e. coli [eaec], enterotoxigenic e. coli [ ...201323175269
evidence for phenotypic plasticity among multihost campylobacter jejuni and c. coli lineages, obtained using ribosomal multilocus sequence typing and raman spectroscopy.closely related bacterial isolates can display divergent phenotypes. this can limit the usefulness of phylogenetic studies for understanding bacterial ecology and evolution. here, we compare phenotyping based on raman spectrometric analysis of cellular composition to phylogenetic classification by ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rmlst) in 108 isolates of the zoonotic pathogens campylobacter jejuni and c. coli. automatic relevance determination (ard) was used to identify informative peaks i ...201323204423
evaluation of the positive predictive value of a rapid immunochromatographic test to detect campylobacter in stools.the recently developed rapid immunochromatographic tests (ict) have the potential to provide a quick and easy diagnosis of campylobacter enteritis in comparison to culture. in a previous study we found them sensitive but lacking in specificity. the aim of the present study was to focus on the problem of specificity and determine the positive predictive value (ppv) of a positive result of the immunocard stat! campy (meridian bioscience, cincinnati, oh, usa). for this purpose, the stools positive ...201223206554
comparative genotypic and antimicrobial susceptibility analysis of zoonotic campylobacter species isolated from broilers in a nationwide survey, portugal.campylobacter is a major cause of human foodborne disease worldwide and has been associated with the consumption of contaminated poultry. the prevalence of campylobacter species in broiler flocks from more than 200 producers widespread in mainland portugal was assessed in 2008 in response to commission decision 2007/516/ec. campylobacter isolates were obtained from 83.3% of 424 pooled cecal samples, with a higher prevalence of campylobacter coli (61.2%) than campylobacter jejuni (38.8%). restric ...201223212005
screening for lactic acid bacteria capable of inhibiting campylobacter jejuni in in vitro simulations of the broiler chicken caecal environment.thermotolerant campylobacter spp., specifically campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, are the most common bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis in developed countries. consumption of improperly prepared poultry products and cross contamination are among the main causes of human campylobacteriosis. the aim of this study was to identify lactic acid bacterial (lab) strains capable of inhibiting c. jejuni growth in initial in vitro trials ('spot-on-lawn' method), as well as in batch ferme ...201223234730
molecular characterization and genotypic antimicrobial resistance analysis of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from broiler flocks in northern italy.genetic variability and genotypic antimicrobial resistance (amr) of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from commercial broiler farms were investigated in this study. campylobacter isolates were genetically characterized by random amplified polymorphic dna (rapd)-polymerase chain reaction (pcr) and flaa-svr and flab-svr sequence-based typing. eight rapd types were identified in c. jejuni and three in c. coli, while 16 fla profiles were detected among all isolates. further, 13 flaa-svr an ...201223237371
investigation of motility and biofilm formation by intestinal campylobacter concisus strains.motility helps many pathogens swim through the highly viscous intestinal mucus. given the differing outcomes of campylobacter concisus infection, the motility of eight c. concisus strains isolated from patients with crohn's disease (n=3), acute (n=3) and chronic (n=1) gastroenteritis and a healthy control (n=1) were compared. following growth on solid or liquid media the eight strains formed two groups; however, the type of growth medium did not affect motility. in contrast, following growth in ...201223241133
disk diffusion method for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. 201323269979
reply to "disk diffusion method for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli". 201323269980
mutational and transcriptomic changes involved in the development of macrolide resistance in campylobacter jejuni.macrolide antibiotics are important for clinical treatment of infections caused by campylobacter jejuni. development of resistance to this class of antibiotics in campylobacter is a complex process, and the dynamic molecular changes involved in this process remain poorly defined. multiple lineages of macrolide-resistant mutants were selected by stepwise exposure of c. jejuni to escalating doses of erythromycin or tylosin. mutations in target genes were determined by dna sequencing, and the dynam ...201223274667
identification and characterization of a periplasmic trilactone esterase, cee, revealed unique features of ferric enterobactin acquisition in campylobacter.ferric enterobactin (feent) acquisition is a highly efficient and conserved iron scavenging system in gram-negative bacteria. recently, we have characterized two feent receptors (cfra and cfrb) in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, the enteric human pathogens that do not produce any siderophores. in this study, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis identified a unique ent trilactone esterase cee (cj1376) in c. jejuni. genomic analysis and biochemical assay strongly suggested th ...201223278903
identification and characterization of a periplasmic trilactone esterase, cee, revealed unique features of ferric enterobactin acquisition in campylobacter.ferric enterobactin (feent) acquisition is a highly efficient and conserved iron scavenging system in gram-negative bacteria. recently, we have characterized two feent receptors (cfra and cfrb) in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli, the enteric human pathogens that do not produce any siderophores. in this study, whole-genome sequencing and comparative genomic analysis identified a unique ent trilactone esterase cee (cj1376) in c. jejuni. genomic analysis and biochemical assay strongly suggested th ...201223278903
progressive genome-wide introgression in agricultural campylobacter coli.hybridization between distantly related organisms can facilitate rapid adaptation to novel environments, but is potentially constrained by epistatic fitness interactions among cell components. the zoonotic pathogens campylobacter coli and c. jejuni differ from each other by around 15% at the nucleotide level, corresponding to an average of nearly 40 amino acids per protein-coding gene. using whole genome sequencing, we show that a single c. coli lineage, which has successfully colonized an agric ...201223279096
progressive genome-wide introgression in agricultural campylobacter coli.hybridization between distantly related organisms can facilitate rapid adaptation to novel environments, but is potentially constrained by epistatic fitness interactions among cell components. the zoonotic pathogens campylobacter coli and c. jejuni differ from each other by around 15% at the nucleotide level, corresponding to an average of nearly 40 amino acids per protein-coding gene. using whole genome sequencing, we show that a single c. coli lineage, which has successfully colonized an agric ...201223279096
comparative characterization of the virulence gene clusters (lipooligosaccharide [los] and capsular polysaccharide [cps]) for campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and related campylobacter species.campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and campylobacter coli are leading causes of gastroenteritis, with virulence linked to cell surface carbohydrate diversity. although the associated gene clusters are well studied for c. jejuni subsp. jejuni, c. coli has been largely neglected. here we provide comparative analysis of the lipooligosaccharide (los) and capsular polysaccharide (cps) gene clusters, using genome and cluster sequence data for 36 c. coli strains, 67 c. jejuni subsp. jejuni strains and ...201223279811
comparative characterization of the virulence gene clusters (lipooligosaccharide [los] and capsular polysaccharide [cps]) for campylobacter coli, campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and related campylobacter species.campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and campylobacter coli are leading causes of gastroenteritis, with virulence linked to cell surface carbohydrate diversity. although the associated gene clusters are well studied for c. jejuni subsp. jejuni, c. coli has been largely neglected. here we provide comparative analysis of the lipooligosaccharide (los) and capsular polysaccharide (cps) gene clusters, using genome and cluster sequence data for 36 c. coli strains, 67 c. jejuni subsp. jejuni strains and ...201223279811
absence of tetracycline resistance in campylobacter coli isolates from finnish finishing pigs treated with chlortetracycline.to determine whether therapeutic treatment of pigs with chlortetracycline affects the susceptibility of their campylobacter isolates for tetracycline, ciprofloxacin and erythromycin.201323282197
resistance to bile salts and sodium deoxycholate in macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-susceptible and resistant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains.campylobacter are the most commonly reported bacterial causes of human gastroenteritis, and they are becoming increasingly resistant to antibiotics, including macrolides and fluoroquinolones, those most frequently used for the treatment of campylobacteriosis. active efflux mechanisms are involved in resistance of campylobacter to a broad spectrum of antimicrobials, and are also essential for campylobacter colonization in the animal intestine, through mediation of bile resistance. acquisition of ...201323289436
development of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli adapted to biocides.the potential for adaptive resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli after step-wise exposure to increasing sub-inhibitory concentrations of five biocides as triclosan, benzalkonium chloride, cetylpyridinium chloride, chlorhexidine diacetate and trisodium phosphate, was investigated, to identify the mechanisms underlying resistance. the biocide resistance and cross-resistance to the antimicrobials erythromycin and ciprofloxacin, and to sodium dodecyl sulphate, were examined accor ...201223290239
prevalence, quantitative load, and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. from broiler ceca and broiler skin samples in thailand.this study was conducted to determine the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in broiler flocks by testing cecal contents at slaughter and to detect and quantify campylobacter on broiler carcass skin samples of the corresponding slaughter batches, to determine antimicrobial resistance patterns of the campylobacter isolates, and to genotype selected campylobacter jejuni isolates using multilocus sequence typing analysis. ninety-eight broiler flocks were included in the study. intact ceca were random ...201323300314
actinobaculum suis detection using polymerase chain reaction.actinobaculum suis is an important agent related to urinary infection in swine females. due to its fastidious growth characteristics, the isolation of this anaerobic bacterium is difficult, thus impairing the estimation of its prevalence. the purpose of this study was to develop and test a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for the detection and identification of a. suis and then compare these results with traditional isolation methods. bacterial isolation and pcr were performed on one hundred and ...201223346017
campylobacter infection in poultry-processing workers, virginia, usa, 2008-2011.during a health hazard evaluation, we investigated 29 cases of laboratory-diagnosed campylobacter infection among workers at a poultry-processing plant. most infected employees worked at the plant <1 month, worked as live hangers, and lived at a state-operated center. to lessen the infection risk, we recommended improvements to engineering and administrative controls at the plant.201323347390
marked host specificity and lack of phylogeographic population structure of campylobacter jejuni in wild birds.zoonotic pathogens often infect several animal species, and gene flow among populations infecting different host species may affect the biological traits of the pathogen including host specificity, transmissibility and virulence. the bacterium campylobacter jejuni is a widespread zoonotic multihost pathogen, which frequently causes gastroenteritis in humans. poultry products are important transmission vehicles to humans, but the bacterium is common in other domestic and wild animals, particularl ...201323356487
assessment of the prevalence and diversity of emergent campylobacteria in human stool samples using a combination of traditional and molecular methods.this study aims to assess the diversity of campylobacteria (campylobacter and arcobacter) in human fecal samples from patients with diarrhea (n = 140) and asymptomatic controls (n = 116) in chile, using a combination of traditional culture and molecular methods. the culture methods detected campylobacteria in 10.7% of the patients with diarrhea and in 1.7% of the controls. in contrast, the molecular methods detected campylobacteria more often than the traditional culture, with a prevalence of 25 ...201323375869
non-stochastic sampling error in quantal analyses for campylobacter species on poultry products.using primers and fluorescent probes specific for the most common food-borne campylobacter species (campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli), we developed a multiplex, most probable number (mpn) assay using quantitative pcr (qpcr) as the determinant for binomial detection: i.e., number of p positive pathogen growth responses out of n = 6 observations each of 4 ml (v) per dilution. working with media washes of thrice frozen-thawed chicken pieces which had been spiked with known levels of c. j ...201323380949
could dna uptake be a side effect of bacterial adhesion and twitching motility?dna acquisition promotes the spread of resistance to antibiotics and virulence among bacteria. it is also linked to several natural phenomena including recombination, genome dynamics, adaptation and speciation. horizontal dna transfer between bacteria occurs via conjugation, transduction or competence for natural transformation by dna uptake. among these, competence is the only mechanism of transformation initiated and entirely controlled by the chromosome of the recipient bacteria. while the mo ...201323381940
symptomatic and asymptomatic campylobacter infections associated with reduced growth in peruvian children.although diarrheal illnesses are recognized as both a cause and effect of undernutrition, evidence for the effect of specific enteropathogens on early childhood growth remains limited. we estimated the effects of undernutrition as a risk factor for campylobacteriosis, as well as associations between symptomatic and asymptomatic campylobacter infections and growth.201323383356
antimicrobial susceptibilities of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from two early stages of poultry production.our aim was to monitor the resistance of campylobacter isolates from two initial stages of broiler production in 5 grandparent breeder broiler farms (gpbfs) and 12 parent breeder broiler farms (pbfs) in which no antimicrobials were used during the study. susceptibility tests were carried out for 805 strains (697 campylobacter jejuni and 108 campylobacter coli) against nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, amoxicillin, amoxicillin plus clavulanic acid, tetracycline, gentamicin, and chloram ...201323391315
a longitudinal study on thermophilic campylobacter spp. in commercial turkey flocks in northern italy: occurrence and genetic diversity.poultry are recognized as a main reservoir of thermophilic campylobacters, but few studies have been carried out on commercial meat turkeys. this study was aimed at assessing the occurrence of thermophilic campylobacter spp., their genetic diversity, and the trend of the infection during the whole production cycle of three turkey flocks from different farms in northern italy. flocks were monitored from the time of housing 1-day-old poults to slaughter time by collecting samples (meconium and clo ...201223397840
importance of the producer on retail broiler meat product contamination with campylobacter spp.campylobacter spp. are a leading cause of human bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, with poultry meat being considered the most important source of the infection. to obtain data on broiler meat contamination with campylobacter spp. in lithuania, the occurrence, counts and genotypes of these pathogens on raw broiler meat products from different producers were examined.201323400735
genome sequence of campylobacter showae unswcd, isolated from a patient with crohn's disease.campylobacter showae unswcd was isolated from a patient with crohn's disease. here we present a 2.1 mb draft assembly of its genome.201323409253
evaluation of fecal calprotectin in campylobacter concisus and campylobacter jejuni/coli gastroenteritis.calprotectin (cp) is a calcium-binding cytosolic neutrophil protein and the concentration in feces reflects the migration of neutrophils into the gut lumen. testing for fecal cp (f-cp) in patients with negative cultures for enteric pathogens is widely accepted as a useful screening tool for identifying patients who are most likely to benefit from endoscopy for suspected inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) with the assumption that a negative f-cp is compatible with a functional disorder. campylobact ...201323448294
development of a selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin b for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses.a new campylobacter-selective enrichment broth supplemented with bacteriological charcoal and a high concentration of polymyxin b was developed (charcoal-cefoperazone-polymyxin b-deoxycholate broth; ccpd broth). we compared the ability of ccpd broth to detect campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken carcass rinses to that of modified bolton (mbolton) broth. eighty whole chickens were purchased from retailers and rinsed with 400 ml buffered peptone water. the rinsed samples were enr ...201323474610
occurrence and characteristics of fastidious campylobacteraceae species in porcine samples.this study investigated the prevalence and characteristics of campylobacteraceae including a range of fastidious species in porcine samples. over a thirteen month period caecal contents (n=402) and pork carcass swabs (n=401) were collected from three pork abattoirs and pork products (n=399) were purchased at point of sale in the republic of ireland. campylobacteraceae isolates were recovered by enrichment, membrane filtration and incubation in antibiotic free media under a modified atmosphere (3 ...201323474652
molecular characterization and antibiotic resistance profiling of campylobacter isolated from cattle in polish slaughterhouses.a total of 812 samples from bovine hides and the corresponding carcasses collected at the slaughterhouse level in the eastern part of poland were examined for the presence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. recovered isolates were confirmed using species-specific pcr, characterized by the presence of 11 putative virulence genes and antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using a microbroth dilution method. furthermore, the genotypic relatedness of the isolates was determined by ...201223498189
salmonella, campylobacter, and chlamydophila in bald ibis (geronticus eremita) feces in turkey.the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of campylobacter spp., salmonella spp., and chlamydophila psittaci in fecal samples of bald ibises (geronticus eremita) housed in a conservation facility in turkey. a total of 82 fecal samples were collected from cages and evaluated by bacteriologic methods and a polymerase chain reaction (pcr) technique for campylobacter spp. and salmonella spp. and by pcr for c. psittaci. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 24 of 82 fecal samples (29.2%). ...201323505699
loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid detection of staphylococcus aureus.staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), is an important human pathogen that produces a variety of toxins and causes a wide range of infections, including soft-tissue infections, bacteremia, and staphylococcal food poisoning. a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay targeting the arcc gene of s. aureus was developed and evaluated with 119 s. aureus and 25 non-s. aureus strains. the usefulness of the assay was compared with the pcr method that targets ...201323509796
efficacy of parenteral vaccination against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) in seropositive piglets.this study investigated if parenteral administration of a prototype adjuvanted vaccine against porcine circovirus type 2 (pcv2) could override maternally derived antibodies and induce acquired immunity in young piglets. piglets with high levels of maternal pcv2 antibodies at 1 wk of age were randomly grouped into vaccinates and controls on the basis of body weight and inoculated with the vaccine or a control preparation twice, with an interval of 3 wk. both groups were challenged 3 wk after the ...201223543956
improved protocol for isolation of campylobacter spp. from retail broiler meat and use of pulsed field gel electrophoresis for the typing of isolates.to improve the detection of campylobacter spp. in retail broiler meat, a reference method (r subsamples) based on the enrichment of 25 g of meat in bolton broth at 42°c under microaerobiosis was compared with an alternative method (a subsamples) consisting in the rinsing of meat samples for 30s in buffered peptone water with antimicrobials with incubation at 42°c under aerobiosis. one piece of meat (breasts, tenderloins and thighs) was rinse in experiment 1 (a1) and two pieces in experiment 2 (a ...201323545445
improvement of karmali agar by addition of polymyxin b for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in whole-chicken carcass rinse.the karmali agar was modified by supplementation with a high concentration of polymyxin b. the goal of the study was to evaluate the effect of a high concentration of polymyxin b on the ability and selectivity of the modified karmali agar to isolate campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from whole chicken carcass rinse. a total of 80 whole chickens were rinsed with 400 ml of buffer peptone water. the rinsed samples were incubated with 2× blood-free modified bolton enrichment broth for 48 h ...201323550907
efficacy of oral fecal bacteriotherapy in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with chronic diarrhea.chronic diarrhea remains the principal burden in providing health care for nonhuman primates in biomedical research facilities. although the exact etiology continues to puzzle nonhuman primate clinicians, recent research in humans has shown that restoring the indigenous microbial diversity may be successful in resolving cases of chronic diarrhea when other treatment modalities have failed. the process of restoring this microbial balance, known as fecal bacteriotherapy, uses the complete flora fr ...201323561941
aerobic growth of campylobacter in media supplemented with c3-monocarboxylates and c4-dicarboxylates.experiments were conducted to examine aerobic growth of campylobacter spp. in basal media supplemented with c4-dicarboxylates (fumarate, succinate, or malate) and c3-monocarboxylates (pyruvate or lactate). basal medium was supplemented with 30 mm fumarate, succinate, or malate and 0 to 100 mm lactate or pyruvate; inoculated with 10(6) cfu/ml of campylobacter coli, campylobacter fetus, or campylobacter jejuni; then incubated aerobically at 37 °c for 72 h. optical density (od) of cultures was meas ...201323575134
comparison of genotypes and antibiotic resistances of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on chicken retail meat and at slaughter.multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and antibiotic resistance patterns of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from retail chicken meat showed high overlap with isolates collected at slaughterhouses, indicating little selection along the production chain. they also showed significant common sequence types with human clinical isolates, revealing chicken meat as a likely source for human infection.201323584778
using campylobacter spp. and escherichia coli data and bayesian microbial risk assessment to examine public health risks in agricultural watersheds under tile drainage management.human campylobacteriosis is the leading bacterial gastrointestinal illness in canada; environmental transmission has been implicated in addition to transmission via consumption of contaminated food. information about campylobacter spp. occurrence at the watershed scale will enhance our understanding of the associated public health risks and the efficacy of source water protection strategies. the overriding purpose of this study is to provide a quantitative framework to assess and compare the rel ...201323623467
characterization of the campylobacter jejuni cryptic plasmid ptiw94 recovered from wild birds in the southeastern united states.the complete nucleotide sequence was determined for a cryptic plasmid, ptiw94, recovered from several campylobacter jejuni isolates from wild birds in the southeastern united states. ptiw94 is a circular molecule of 3860 nucleotides, with a g+c content (31.0%) similar to that of many campylobacter spp. genomes. a typical origin of replication, with iteron sequences, was identified upstream of dna sequences that demonstrated similarity to replication initiation proteins. a total of five open read ...201323639726
campylobacter coli outbreak in men who have sex with men, quebec, canada, 2010-2011.during september 2010-november 2011, a cluster of erythromycin-susceptible, tetracycline- and ciprofloxacin-resistant campylobacter coli pulsovar 1 infections was documented, involving 10 case-patients, in montreal, quebec, canada. the findings suggested sexual transmission of an enteric infection among men who have sex with men.201323647786
occurrence of campylobacter and salmonella in ducks and duck eggs in selangor, malaysia.the importance of campylobacter and salmonella as foodborne pathogens is well recognised globally. a recent work in penang found ducks in commercial farms were infected with these organisms. the aim of the study was to detect the presence of campylobacter and salmonella in ducks and salmonella in duck eggs in farms in a small part of selangor. cloacal swabs were obtained from 75 ducks and 30 duck eggs from three farms. the isolation and identification of campylobacter and salmonella were done us ...201323665722
prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli species in cats and dogs from bydgoszcz (poland) region.the aim of this study was to investigate the role of cats and dogs as a potential reservoir of campylobacter spp. rectal swabs from 83 dogs and 71 cats were examined. samples were obtained from the animals aged between 2 weeks and 24 months living in shelters, private households, farms and from veterinary clinics located in bydgoszcz region during routine check-up. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 4.81% dogs and 9.86% cats, respectively. c. jejuni was predominant in this study. all strains ...201323691584
demographic and clinical characteristics of campylobacter bacteremia in children with and without predisposing factors.campylobacter, a common cause of childhood gastroenteritis, rarely causes bacteremia, which is reported mainly in immune-compromised children. our aim was to compare demographic and clinical characteristics of childhood campylobacter bacteremia (cb) between children with and without risk factors for cb.201323694835
real-time genomic epidemiological evaluation of human campylobacter isolates by use of whole-genome multilocus sequence typing.sequence-based typing is essential for understanding the epidemiology of campylobacter infections, a major worldwide cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. we demonstrate the practical and rapid exploitation of whole-genome sequencing to provide routine definitive characterization of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli for clinical and public health purposes. short-read data from 384 campylobacter clinical isolates collected over 4 months in oxford, united kingdom, were assembled de novo. c ...201323698529
a higher prevalence rate of campylobacter in retail beef livers compared to other beef and pork meat cuts.the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in retail beef, beef livers, and pork meats purchased from the tulsa (ok, usa) area and to further characterize the isolates obtained through antimicrobial susceptibility testing. a total of 97 chilled retail beef (50 beef livers and 47 other cuts), and 100 pork samples were collected. the prevalence of campylobacter in beef livers was 39/50 (78%), while no campylobacter was isolated from ...201323698698
pathogenic microbiological baseline survey of pork carcasses in taiwan.from 2004 to 2010, pork carcass swabs from state-inspected slaughter plants in taiwan were intermittently analyzed to determine the prevalence of selected pathogenic microorganisms associated with foodborne illness. the prevalences of staphylococcus aureus each year from 2006 to 2010 were 6.6, 10.8, 5.1, 6.4, and 7.4%, respectively, while those of listeria monocytogenes were 1.2% in 2004, 1.3% in 2005, and 3.5% in 2008. the prevalences of clostridium perfringens were 0.9% in 2004, 3.2% in 2005, ...201323726203
elucidating the aetiology of human campylobacter coli infections.there has been little research on the determinants of campylobacter coli infection, despite its contributing up to 10% of human campylobacter infections. a case-control and two case-case study methods explored the aetiology of c. coli over a one year period across scotland. the case-control multivariate model found an increased risk of c. coli infection in people older than 19 years (o.r. = 3.352), and during the summer months (o.r. = 2.596), while residing in an urban area decreased the risk (o ...201323734204
absence of class 1 and class 2 integrons among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from poultry in italy. 201323788478
prevalence of campylobacter spp. relative to other enteric pathogens in grow-finish pigs with diarrhea.salmonella spp., lawsonia intracellularis, and brachyspira spp. are pathogens commonly associated with diarrhea in growing and finishing pigs. brachyspira spp. infection has recently reemerged as a significant concern due to an increase in the incidence of swine dysentery; however, the mechanisms underlying this increase in dysentery remain largely unknown. pigs are also well-recognized as potential carriers of campylobacter spp., particularly campylobacter coli, yet enteric disease in swine ass ...201323792232
potential of a commercially available water acidification product for reducing campylobacter in broilers prior to slaughter.1. this study investigated the potential of a commercially available acidified water treatment (pwt) for reducing the number of campylobacter in vitro and other bacteria in the gut of live broilers. 2. in vitro tests indicated that pwt was highly effective for reducing campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli at the recommended concentration in water, reducing populations by greater than 7 log10 cfu/ml after 24 h exposure. the decrease in the number of salmonella serovar enteritidis and esche ...201323796116
widespread acquisition of antimicrobial resistance among campylobacter isolates from uk retail poultry and evidence for clonal expansion of resistant lineages.antimicrobial resistance is increasing among clinical campylobacter cases and is common among isolates from other sources, specifically retail poultry - a major source of human infection. in this study the antimicrobial susceptibility of isolates from a uk-wide survey of campylobacter in retail poultry in 2001 and 2004-5 was investigated. the occurrence of phenotypes resistant to tetracycline, quinolones (ciprofloxacin and naladixic acid), erythromycin, chloramphenicol and aminoglycosides was qu ...201323855904
antimicrobial resistance mechanisms among campylobacter.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are recognized as the most common causative agents of bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. humans most often become infected by ingesting contaminated food, especially undercooked chicken, but also other sources of bacteria have been described. campylobacteriosis is normally a self-limiting disease. antimicrobial treatment is needed only in patients with more severe disease and in those who are immunologically compromised. the most common antimicrob ...201323865047
inhibitory effect of high-dosage zinc oxide dietary supplementation on campylobacter coli excretion in weaned piglets.this study investigated the impact of zinc oxide (zno) on campylobacter coli by in vivo and in vitro assays.201323869938
bacteriophage receptor binding protein based assays for the simultaneous detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are the most common bacterial causes of foodborne gastroenteritis which is occasionally followed by a debilitating neuropathy known as guillain-barré syndrome. rapid and specific detection of these pathogens is very important for effective control and quick treatment of infection. most of the diagnostics available for these organisms are time consuming and require technical expertise with expensive instruments and reagents to perform. bacteriophages bi ...201323874996
review of current methodologies to isolate and identify campylobacter spp. from foods.this article summarizes the most effective protocols to isolate campylobacter spp. (mainly campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli) from food, primarily poultry products, and includes a summary of the current methods recommended by the food and drug administration and the u.s. department of agriculture in the usa, and iso in europe. the recommended temperature for incubation of the samples throughout the isolation procedure is 42°c. the enrichment of the samples for 48h, which can be perform ...201323899774
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter spp. isolated from poultry carcasses in poland.the purpose of the present study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter in poultry carcasses at slaughter in poland. for the isolated strains, resistance to selected antibiotics and the associated genetic determinants were identified. a total of 498 campylobacter isolates were obtained from 802 poultry samples during the 2-year study period. strains were identified to species with the pcr method; 53.6% of the strains were campylobacter jejuni and 46.4% were campylobacter coli. a high p ...201323905805
evaluation of the immunogenicity of campylobacter jejuni cjaa protein delivered by salmonella enterica sv. typhimurium strain with regulated delayed attenuation in chickens.campylobacter spp. are regarded as the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis worldwide, and consumption of chicken meat contaminated by campylobacter is considered to be one of the most frequent sources of human infection in developed countries. here we evaluated the immunogenicity and protective efficacy of salmonella typhimurium χ9718 producing the campylobacter jejuni cjaa protein as a chicken anti-campylobacter vaccine. in this study chickens were orally immunized with a new generat ...201323913025
whole-genome sequencing of gentamicin-resistant campylobacter coli isolated from u.s. retail meats reveals novel plasmid-mediated aminoglycoside resistance genes.aminoglycoside resistance in campylobacter has been routinely monitored in the united states in clinical isolates since 1996 and in retail meats since 2002. gentamicin resistance first appeared in a single human isolate of campylobacter coli in 2000 and in a single chicken meat isolate in 2007, after which it increased rapidly to account for 11.3% of human isolates and 12.5% of retail isolates in 2010. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis indicated that gentamicin-resistant c. coli isolates ...201323959310
arsenic resistance and prevalence of arsenic resistance genes in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from retail meats.studies that investigate arsenic resistance in the foodborne bacterium campylobacter are limited. a total of 552 campylobacter isolates (281 campylobacter jejuni and 271 campylobacter coli) isolated from retail meat samples were subjected to arsenic resistance profiling using the following arsenic compounds: arsanilic acid (4-2,048 μg/ml), roxarsone (4-2048 μg/ml), arsenate (16-8,192 μg/ml) and arsenite (4-2,048 μg/ml). a total of 223 of these isolates (114 campylobacter jejuni and 109 campyloba ...201323965921
food-borne zoonotic pathogens and antimicrobial resistance of indicator bacteria in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain.wildlife is increasingly abundant in urban environments, but little is known about the zoonotic pathogens carried by these populations. urban wild boars are of particular concern because this species is well-known as a pathogen reservoir, and thus, we studied selected zoonotic pathogens in urban wild boars in barcelona, spain (n=41). salmonella enterica was found in 5.00% (95% ci 0.61-16.91) and campylobacter coli in 4.88% (95% ci 0.6-16.53) of the animals. e. coli o157:h7 and c. jejuni were not ...201323992794
multilocus sequence typing (and phylogenetic analysis) of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli strains isolated from clinical cases in greece.the molecular epidemiology of c. jejuni and c. coli clinical strains isolated from children with gastroenteritis, was investigated using the multilocus sequence typing method (mlst). this analysis establishes for the first time in greece and constitutes an important tool for the epidemiological surveillance and control of campylobacter infection in our country.201324010733
preventing campylobacter at the source: why is it so difficult?campylobacteriosis in humans, caused by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, is the most common recognized bacterial zoonosis in the european union and the united states. the acute phase is characterized by gastrointestinal symptoms. the long-term sequelae (guillain-barré syndrome, reactive arthritis, and postinfectious irritable bowel syndrome) contribute considerably to the disease burden. attribution studies identified poultry as the reservoir responsible for up to 80% of the human ca ...201324014733
occurrence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli and their biotypes in beef and dairy cattle from the south of chile.the prevalence of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli and their biotypes in beef and dairy cattle from the south of chile was established. campylobacter were statistically more prevalent among beef cattle (35.9%) than among dairy cattle (21.3%), being c. jejuni the species most frequently isolated.200924031386
transmission of campylobacter coli in chicken embryos.campylobacter coli is an important species involved in human cases of enteritis, and chickens are carriers of the pathogen mainly in developing country. the current study aimed to evaluate the transmission of c. coli and its pathogenic effects in chicken embryos. breeder hens were inoculated intra-esophageally with c. coli isolated from chickens, and their eggs and embryos were analyzed for the presence of bacteria using real-time pcr and plate culture. the viability of embryos was verified. in ...201224031861
antimicrobial activity of essential oils and five terpenoid compounds against campylobacter jejuni in pure and mixed culture experiments.the aim of this study was to examine the antimicrobial potential of three essential oils (eos: tea tree oil, lemon myrtle oil and leptospermum oil), five terpenoid compounds (α-bisabolol, α-terpinene, cineole, nerolidol and terpinen-4-ol) and polyphenol against two strains of campylobacter jejuni (acm 3393 and the poultry isolate c338), campylobacter coli and other gram negative and gram positive bacteria. different formulations of neem oil (azadirachta indica) with these compounds were also tes ...201324041998
clinical evaluation of a real-time pcr assay for identification of salmonella, shigella, campylobacter (campylobacter jejuni and c. coli), and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli isolates in stool specimens.enteric illness affects millions of individuals annually in the united states and results in >50,000 hospitalizations. the rapid and accurate identification of bacterial pathogens associated with gastroenteritis can aid acute patient management decisions, including the use of antibiotic therapy and infection control. this study compared the progastro sscs multiplex real-time pcr assay (gen-probe prodesse, san diego, ca) to culture for the identification of campylobacter spp. (campylobacter jejun ...201324048539
an epidemiological investigation of campylobacter in pig and poultry farms in the mekong delta of vietnam.campylobacter are zoonotic pathogens commonly associated with gastroenteritis. to assess the relevance of campylobacter in vietnam, an economically transitioning country in se asia, we conducted a survey of 343 pig and poultry farms in the mekong delta, a region characterized by mixed species farming with limited biosecurity. the animal-level prevalence of campylobacter was 31·9%, 23·9% and 53·7% for chickens, ducks and pigs, respectively. c. jejuni was predominant in all three host species, wit ...201424067502
target optimization for peptide nucleic acid (pna)-mediated antisense inhibition of the cmeabc multidrug efflux pump in campylobacter jejuni.cmeabc is a resistance-nodulation-cell division (rnd)-type multidrug efflux pump conferring resistance to clinically important antibiotics in campylobacter. this study aimed to identify the optimal target sites for the inhibition of cmeabc with antisense peptide nucleic acid (pna).201424084637
lipooligosaccharide locus class of campylobacter jejuni: sialylation is not needed for invasive infection.campylobacter jejuni is a highly diverse enteropathogen that is commonly detected worldwide. it can sometimes cause bacteraemia, but the bacterial characteristics facilitating bloodstream infection are not known. a total of 73 c. jejuni isolates, consecutively collected from blood-borne infections during a 10-year period all over finland and for which detailed clinical information of the patients were available, were included. we screened the isolates by pcr for the lipooligosaccharide (los) loc ...201424102802
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