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infection with multidrug-resistant campylobacter coli mimicking recurrence of carcinoid syndrome: a case report of a neuroendocrine tumor patient with repeated diarrhea.campylobacteriosis caused by gram-negative bacteria of the genus campylobacter (mainly c. jejuni and c. coli) is one of the most common gastrointestinal zoonotic infections with increased incidence in humans worldwide. the typical symptoms are severe abdominal cramps, diarrhea and sometimes fever. the clinical course of campylobacter infection is mainly mild and after one week self-limiting, but can take several weeks in some rare cases. however, patients with neuroendocrine tumors in the gastro ...201627519265
comparison of statistical algorithms for the detection of infectious disease outbreaks in large multiple surveillance systems.a large-scale multiple surveillance system for infectious disease outbreaks has been in operation in england and wales since the early 1990s. changes to the statistical algorithm at the heart of the system were proposed and the purpose of this paper is to compare two new algorithms with the original algorithm. test data to evaluate performance are created from weekly counts of the number of cases of each of more than 2000 diseases over a twenty-year period. the time series of each disease is sep ...201627513749
mosaic tetracycline resistance genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins.first reported in 2003, mosaic tetracycline resistance genes are a subgroup of the genes encoding ribosomal protection proteins (rpps). they are formed when two or more rpp-encoding genes recombine resulting in a functional chimera. to date, the majority of mosaic genes are derived from sections of three rpp genes, tet(o), tet(w) and tet(32), with others comprising tet(m) and tet(s). in this first review of mosaic genes, we report on their structure, diversity and prevalence, and suggest that th ...201627494928
simultaneous identification of 13 foodborne pathogens by using capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism coupled with multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification and its application in foods.capillary electrophoresis-single strand conformation polymorphism (ce-sscp) coupled with stuffer-free multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (mlpa) was developed to identify 13 species of foodborne pathogens simultaneously. species-specific mlpa probes were designed for nine of these species. these probes were targeted to the groel, glya, mms, tuf, inv, ipah, nuc, vvh, and 16s rrna genes, which corresponded to bacillus cereus, campylobacter coli, cronobacter sakazakii, enterococcus spp ...201627494415
large sequence diversity within the biosynthesis locus and common biochemical features of campylobacter coli lipooligosaccharides.despite the importance of lipooligosaccharides (loss) in the pathogenicity of campylobacteriosis, little is known about the genetic and phenotypic diversity of los in campylobacter coli in this study, we investigated the distribution of los locus classes among a large collection of unrelated c. coli isolates sampled from several different host species. furthermore, we paired c. coli genomic information and los chemical composition for the first time to investigate possible associations between l ...201627481928
a detailed protocol to enable safe-handling, preemptive detection, and systematic surveillance of rat-vectored pathogens in the urban environment.we detail a five-stage protocol to address physical barriers and experimental limitations that have hindered routine pathogen monitoring of wild rats in urban settings. new york city potentially harbors from 2 to 32 million rats among its 8-million people. however, at a time, when people are most vulnerable to disease from over-crowdedness brought on by increased urbanization of society, the difficulty of studying wild rats has led to a paucity of ecological and epidemiological research. challen ...201627471725
seroprevalence of campylobacter-specific antibodies in two german duck farms - a prospective follow-up study.several studies have shown that about 60-100% of farmed ducks are colonized by campylobacter species. because of this, a higher risk of campylobacteriosis among duck farm workers can be assumed. to estimate the risk of campylobacter infections in duck farm workers, we investigated the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in ducks of two duck farms and the seroprevalence of anti-campylobacter antibodies (iga and igg) in two cohorts of workers. the first cohort consisted of high-exposed stable workers ...201627429794
identification of novel vaccine candidates against campylobacter through reverse vaccinology.campylobacteriosis is the most prevalent bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis affecting humans in the european union. human cases are mainly due to campylobacter jejuni or campylobacter coli, and contamination is associated with the handling and/or consumption of poultry meat. in fact, poultry constitutes the bacteria's main reservoir. a promising way of decreasing the incidence of campylobacteriosis in humans would be to decrease avian colonization. poultry vaccination is of potential for this p ...201627413761
evaluation of a protective effect of in ovo delivered campylobacter jejuni omvs.campylobacter jejuni is the most prevalent cause of a food-borne gastroenteritis in the developed world, with poultry being the main source of infection. campylobacter jejuni, like other gram-negative bacteria, constitutively releases outer membrane vesicles (omvs). omvs are highly immunogenic, can be taken up by mammalian cells, and are easily modifiable by recombinant engineering. we have tested their usefulness for an oral (in ovo) vaccination of chickens. four groups of 18-day-old chicken em ...201627383607
influence of enrichment and isolation media on the detection of campylobacter spp. in naturally contaminated chicken samples.investigating campylobacter epidemiology requires adequate technique and media to ensure optimal culturing and accurate detection and isolation of campylobacter strains. in the present study, we investigated the performances of three enrichment durations in bolton broth (0, 24 and 48h) and compared four isolation media (mccda, karmali, butzler no. 2 and campyfood agar (cfa)) for the detection of campylobacter positive samples and the identification of campylobacter species, from naturally contam ...201627373751
campylobacter species and neutrophilic inflammatory bowel disease in cats.inflammatory bowel disease (ibd) is a common cause of signs of gastrointestinal disease in cats. a subset of cats with ibd has neutrophilic inflammation of the intestinal mucosa.201627362482
clinical relevance of infections with zoonotic and human oral species of campylobacter.genus campylobacter has been recognized as a causative bacterial agent of animal and human diseases. human campylobacter infections have caused more concern. campylobacters can be classified into two groups in terms of their original host: zoonotic and human oral species. the major zoonotic species are campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, which mostly reside in the intestines of avian species and are transmitted to humans via consumption of contaminated poultry products, thus causing hum ...201627350611
optimization of quantitative pcr methods for enteropathogen detection.detection and quantification of enteropathogens in stool specimens is useful for diagnosing the cause of diarrhea but is technically challenging. here we evaluate several important determinants of quantification: specimen collection, nucleic acid extraction, and extraction and amplification efficiency. first, we evaluate the molecular detection and quantification of pathogens in rectal swabs versus stool, using paired flocked rectal swabs and whole stool collected from 129 children hospitalized ...201627336160
comparative genomics of campylobacter fetus from reptiles and mammals reveals divergent evolution in host-associated lineages.campylobacter fetus currently comprises three recognized subspecies, which display distinct host association. campylobacter fetus subsp. fetus and c fetus subsp. venerealis are both associated with endothermic mammals, primarily ruminants, whereas c fetus subsp. testudinum is primarily associated with ectothermic reptiles. both c. fetus subsp. testudinum and c. fetus subsp. fetus have been associated with severe infections, often with a systemic component, in immunocompromised humans. to study t ...201627333878
monitoring antimicrobial resistance in the food supply chain and its implications for fda policy initiatives.in response to concerning increases in antimicrobial resistance (amr), the food and drug administration (fda) has decided to increase veterinary oversight requirements for antimicrobials and restrict their use in growth promotion. given the high stakes of this policy for the food supply, economy, and human and veterinary health, it is important to rigorously assess the effects of this policy. we have undertaken a detailed analysis of data provided by the national antimicrobial resistance monitor ...201627324772
evaluation of a multiplex real-time pcr assay for detecting major bacterial enteric pathogens in fecal specimens: intestinal inflammation and bacterial load are correlated in campylobacter infections.a total of 1,056 native or cary-blair-preserved stool specimens were simultaneously tested by conventional stool culturing and by enteric bacterial panel (ebp) multiplex real-time pcr for campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli, salmonella spp., and shigellosis disease-causing agents (shigella spp. and enteroinvasive escherichia coli [eiec]). overall, 143 (13.5%) specimens tested positive by pcr for the targets named above; 3 coinfections and 109 (10.4%) campylobacter spp., 17 (1.6%) salmonella ...201627307458
novel immunomodulatory flagellin-like protein flac in campylobacter jejuni and other campylobacterales.the human diarrheal pathogens campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli interfere with host innate immune signaling by different means, and their flagellins, flaa and flab, have a low intrinsic property to activate the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5). we have investigated here the hypothesis that the unusual secreted, flagellin-like molecule flac present in c. jejuni, c. coli, and other campylobacterales might activate cells via tlr5 and interact with tlr5. flac shows striki ...201527303676
novel immunomodulatory flagellin-like protein flac in campylobacter jejuni and other campylobacterales.the human diarrheal pathogens campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli interfere with host innate immune signaling by different means, and their flagellins, flaa and flab, have a low intrinsic property to activate the innate immune receptor toll-like receptor 5 (tlr5). we have investigated here the hypothesis that the unusual secreted, flagellin-like molecule flac present in c. jejuni, c. coli, and other campylobacterales might activate cells via tlr5 and interact with tlr5. flac shows striki ...201527303676
genome sequencing and annotation of a campylobacter coli strain isolated from milk with multidrug resistance.as the most prevalent bacterial cause of human gastroenteritis, food-borne campylobacter infections pose a serious threat to public health. whole genome sequencing (wgs) is a tool providing quick and inexpensive approaches for analysis of food-borne pathogen epidemics. here we report the wgs and annotation of a campylobacter coli strain, fnw20g12, which was isolated from milk in the united states in 1997 and carries multidrug resistance. the draft genome of fnw20g12 (ddbj/ena/genbank accession n ...201627257607
optimized cultivation of campylobacter concisus from gut mucosal biopsies in inflammatory bowel disease.campylobacter concisus is a commensal of the human oral flora that has been linked to prolonged diarrhea and inflammatory bowel disease (ibd). it has been detected more often from intestinal biopsies in patients with ibd compared to healthy controls using pcr-based techniques, whereas the number of c. concisus culture-positive biopsies in previous studies has been very limited. determining the rate of viable isolates present in the gut mucosa is of great importance when evaluating the role in di ...201627252786
quantifying potential sources of surface water contamination with campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.campylobacter is the most common causative agent of human bacterial gastroenteritis and is frequently found in surface water, where it indicates recent contamination with animal faeces, sewage effluent, and agricultural run-off. the contribution of different animal reservoirs to surface water contamination with campylobacter is largely unknown. in the netherlands, the massive poultry culling to control the 2003 avian influenza epidemic coincided with a 44-50% reduction in human campylobacteriosi ...201627244295
campylobacter in broiler slaughter samples assessed by direct count on mccda and campy-cefex agar.campylobacter spp. cause foodborne illnesses in humans primarily through the consumption of contaminated chicken. the aim of this study was to evaluate the united states department of agriculture's (usda) recommended methodology, protocol mlg 41.02, for the isolation, identification and direct plate counting of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli samples from the broiler slaughtering process. a plating method using both mccda and campy-cefex agars is recommended to recover campylobacter cells. it i ...201627237112
evaluation of various campylobacter-specific quantitative pcr (qpcr) assays for detection and enumeration of campylobacteraceae in irrigation water and wastewater via a miniaturized most-probable-number-qpcr assay.campylobacter spp. are the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide, and water is increasingly seen as a risk factor in transmission. here we describe a most-probable-number (mpn)-quantitative pcr (qpcr) assay in which water samples are centrifuged and aliquoted into microtiter plates and the bacteria are enumerated by qpcr. we observed that commonly used campylobacter molecular assays produced vastly different detection rates. in irrigation water samples, detection rates varied depe ...201627235434
whole-genome sequencing of a campylobacter jejuni strain isolated from retail chicken meat reveals the presence of a megaplasmid with mu-like prophage and multidrug resistance genes.genome sequencing of campylobacter jejuni strain t1-21 isolated from retail chicken meat revealed the presence of a chromosome of 1,565,978 bp and a megaplasmid of 82,732 bp that contains mu-like prophage and multidrug resistance genes. this is the first reported sequence of a campylobacter megaplasmid >55 kb.201627231378
an overview of food safety and bacterial foodborne zoonoses in food production animals in the caribbean region.foodborne diseases (fbds) in the caribbean have a high economic burden. public health and tourism concerns rise along with the increasing number of cases and outbreaks registered over the last 20 years. salmonella spp., shigella spp., and campylobacter spp. are the main bacteria associated with these incidents. in spite of undertaking limited surveillance on fbd in the region, records related to bacterial foodborne zoonoses in food-producing animals and their associated epidemiologic significanc ...201627215411
evidence of avian and possum fecal contamination in rainwater tanks as determined by microbial source tracking approaches.avian and possum fecal droppings may negatively impact roof-harvested rainwater (rhrw) water quality due to the presence of zoonotic pathogens. this study was aimed at evaluating the performance characteristics of a possum feces-associated (psm) marker by screening 210 fecal and wastewater samples from possums (n = 20) and a range of nonpossum hosts (n = 190) in southeast queensland, australia. the host sensitivity and specificity of the psm marker were 0.90 and 0.95 (maximum value, 1.00), respe ...201627208100
molecular epidemiology of campylobacter coli strains isolated from different sources in new zealand between 2005 and 2014.campylobacteriosis is one of the most important foodborne diseases worldwide and a significant health burden in new zealand. campylobacter jejuni is the predominant species worldwide, accounting for approximately 90% of human cases, followed by campylobacter coli most studies in new zealand have focused on c. jejuni; hence, the impact of c. coli strains on human health is not well understood. the aim of this study was to genotype c. coli isolates collected in the manawatu region of new zealand f ...201627208097
multilocus sequence typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from poultry, cattle and humans in nigeria.to determine the genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from nigeria and to identify the association between multilocus sequence types and hosts (poultry, cattle and humans).201627206561
genotyping and antibiotic resistance of thermophilic campylobacter isolated from chicken and pig meat in vietnam.campylobacter species are recognized as the most common cause of foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. in this study nine campylobacter strains isolated from chicken meat and pork in hanoi, vietnam, were characterized using molecular methods and tested for antibiotic resistance.201627175218
bacteria in an intense competition for iron: key component of the campylobacter jejuni iron uptake system scavenges enterobactin hydrolysis product.to acquire essential fe(iii), bacteria produce and secrete siderophores with high affinity and selectivity for fe(iii) to mediate its uptake into the cell. here, we show that the periplasmic binding protein ceue of campylobacter jejuni, which was previously thought to bind the fe(iii) complex of the hexadentate siderophore enterobactin (kd ∼ 0.4 ± 0.1 µm), preferentially binds the fe(iii) complex of the tetradentate enterobactin hydrolysis product bis(2,3-dihydroxybenzoyl-l-ser) (h5-bisdhbs) (kd ...201627162326
potential use of fosfomycin-tromethamine for treatment of recurrent campylobacter species enteritis.we report 2 cases of recurrent campylobacter coli enteritis caused by macrolide- and fluoroquinolone-resistant strains in 2 patients with hypogammaglobulinemia, successfully treated with a prolonged course of fosfomycin-tromethamine with no side effects. fosfomycin-tromethamine may be a feasible alternative therapy for recurrent enteritis caused by campylobacter species resistant to first-line drugs.201627161640
functional genomics in campylobacter coli identified a novel streptomycin resistance gene located in a hypervariable genomic region.numerous aminoglycoside resistance genes have been reported in campylobacter spp. often resembling those from gram-positive bacterial species and located in transferable genetic elements with other resistance genes. we discovered a new streptomycin (str) resistance gene in campylobactercoli showing 27-34 % amino acid identity to aminoglycoside 6-nucleotidyl-transferases described previously in campylobacter. str resistance was verified by gene expression and insertional inactivation. this ant-li ...201627154456
l-fucose influences chemotaxis and biofilm formation in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are zoonotic pathogens once considered asaccharolytic, but are now known to encode pathways for glucose and fucose uptake/metabolism. for c. jejuni, strains with the fuc locus possess a competitive advantage in animal colonization models. we demonstrate that this locus is present in > 50% of genome-sequenced strains and is prevalent in livestock-associated isolates of both species. to better understand how these campylobacters sense nutrient availabili ...201627145048
in silico analysis of the cadf gene and development of a duplex polymerase chain reaction for species-specific identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.campylobacteriosis is a zoonotic infectious disease caused by campylobacter jejuni and c. coli. the cadf gene is considered as a genus-specific gene while other genes are mainly used for discrimination at the species level.201627127589
protein chips for detection of salmonella spp. from enrichment culture.food pathogens are the cause of foodborne epidemics, therefore there is a need to detect the pathogens in food productions rapidly. a pre-enrichment culture followed by selective agar plating are standard detection methods. molecular methods such as qpcr have provided a first rapid protocol for detection of pathogens within 24 h of enrichment culture. biosensors also may provide a rapid tool to individuate a source of salmonella contamination at early times of pre-enrichment culture. forty ml of ...201627110786
detection of campylobacter jejuni in rectal swab samples from rousettus amplexicaudatus in the philippines.bats are the second diversity species of mammals and widely distributed in the world. they are thought to be reservoir and vectors of zoonotic pathogens. however, there is scarce report of the evidence of pathogenic bacteria kept in bats. the precise knowledge of the pathogenic bacteria in bat microbiota is important for zoonosis control. thus, metagenomic analysis targeting the v3-v4 region of the 16s rrna of the rectal microbiota in rousettus amplexicaudatus was performed using high throughput ...201627109214
antibiotic resistance and polymorphism in the quinolone resistance-determining region of campylobacter spp. isolated from 1-day-old ducklings.thirty-three isolates of campylobacter coli and three isolates of campylobacter jejuni were recovered from 150 1-day-old ducklings. all isolates were sensitive to chloramphenicol and amikacin, but resistant to sulfamethoxazole-trimethoprim (sxt) by the disc diffusion method. most isolates were susceptible to tetracycline and erythromycin, but resistant to ofloxacin and ciprofloxacin. of the 33 c. coli isolates, nine were positive for the tetracycline resistance gene tet(o), although only two of ...201627068149
combined campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli rapid testing and molecular epidemiology in conventional broiler flocks.campylobacter spp. are important causes of bacterial zoonosis, most often transmitted by contaminated poultry meat. from an epidemiological and risk assessment perspective, further knowledge should be obtained on campylobacter prevalence and genotype distribution in primary production. consequently, 15 austrian broiler flocks were surveyed in summer for their thermophilic campylobacter spp. contamination status. chicken droppings, dust and drinking water samples were collected from each flock at ...201627061601
campylobacter growth rates in four different matrices: broiler caecal material, live birds, bolton broth, and brain heart infusion broth.the objective of this study was to characterise campylobacter growth in enrichment broths (bolton broth, brain heart infusion broth), caecal material (in vitro), and in the naturally infected live broilers (in vivo) in terms of mean lag periods and generation times as well as maximum growth rates and population (cell concentration) achieved.201627052025
the bacteriophage carrier state of campylobacter jejuni features changes in host non-coding rnas and the acquisition of new host-derived crispr spacer sequences.incorporation of self-derived crispr dna protospacers in campylobacter jejuni pt14 occurs in the presence of bacteriophages encoding a crispr-like cas4 protein. this phenomenon was evident in carrier state infections where both bacteriophages and host are maintained for seemingly indefinite periods as stable populations following serial passage. carrier state cultures of c. jejuni pt14 have greater aerotolerance in nutrient limited conditions, and may have arisen as an evolutionary response to s ...201627047470
molecular identification of campylobacter jejuni and coli from chicken, calves and dogs to determine its potential threat on human being.campylobacter is an emerging zoonotic pathogen and one of the leading cause of foodborne infection worldwide and it has been isolated from a variety of animal species. the aim of this study was to identify campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from dogs, calves, and poultry using polymerase chain reaction (pcr).201527047055
prevalence of campylobacter species in milk and milk products, their virulence gene profile and anti-bio gram.during the last decades, number of food poisoning cases due to campylobacter occurred, immensely. after poultry, raw milk acts as a second main source of campylobacter. therefore, the present study was undertaken to detect the prevalence of campylobacters in milk and milk products and to know the antibiotic sensitivity and virulence gene profile of campylobacter spp. in anand city, gujarat, india.201527046986
hyperendemic campylobacter jejuni in guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) raised for food in a semi-rural community of quito, ecuador.domestic animals and animal products are the source of pathogenic campylobacter jejuni and c. coli in industrialized countries, yet little is known about the transmission of these bacteria in developing countries. guinea pigs (cavia porcellus) are commonly raised for food in the andean region of south america, however, limited research has characterized this rodent as a reservoir of zoonotic enteric pathogens. in this study, we examined the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in 203 fecal samples f ...201627043446
subtyping of salmonella enterica subspecies i using single-nucleotide polymorphisms in adenylate cyclase.methods to rapidly identify serotypes of salmonella enterica subspecies i are of vital importance for protecting the safety of food. to supplement the serotyping method dkgb-linked intergenic sequence ribotyping (isr), single-nucleotide polymorphisms were characterized within adenylate cyclase (cyaa). the national center for biotechnology information (ncbi) database had 378 cyaa sequences from s. enterica subspecies i, which included 42 unique dna sequences and 19 different amino acid sequences. ...201627035032
accuracy of commercial kits and published primer pairs for the detection of periodontopathogens.despite the input of microbiome research, a group of 20 bacteria continues to be the focus of periodontal diagnostics and therapy. the aim of this study was to compare three commercial kits and laboratory-developed primer pairs for effectiveness in detecting such periodontopathogens.201627020914
molecular subtyping and erythromycin resistance of campylobacter in china.to investigate the erythromycin resistance patterns and mechanism for campylobacter isolates in china.201626999516
discriminative power of campylobacter phenotypic and genotypic typing methods.the aim of this study was to compare different typing methods, individually and combined, for use in the monitoring of campylobacter in food. campylobacter jejuni (n=94) and campylobacter coli (n=52) isolated from different broiler meat carcasses were characterized using multilocus sequence typing (mlst), flagellin gene a restriction fragment length polymorphism typing (flaa-rflp), antimicrobial resistance profiling (amrp), the presence/absence of 5 putative virulence genes; and, exclusively for ...201626996762
whole-genome sequences of two campylobacter coli isolates from the antimicrobial resistance monitoring program in colombia.campylobacter coli, along with campylobacter jejuni, is a major agent of gastroenteritis and acute enterocolitis in humans. we report the whole-genome sequences of two multidrug-resistance c. coli strains, isolated from the colombian poultry chain. the isolates contain a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes for aminoglycosides, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracycline.201626988048
whole-genome sequence of multidrug-resistant campylobacter coli strain col b1-266, isolated from the colombian poultry chain.campylobacter coli is considered one of the main causes of food-borne illness worldwide. we report here the whole-genome sequence of multidrug-resistant campylobacter coli strain col b1-266, isolated from the colombian poultry chain. the genome sequences encode genes for a variety of antimicrobial resistance genes, including aminoglycosides, β-lactams, lincosamides, fluoroquinolones, and tetracyclines.201626988047
oral phage therapy of acute bacterial diarrhea with two coliphage preparations: a randomized trial in children from bangladesh.antibiotic resistance is rising in important bacterial pathogens. phage therapy (pt), the use of bacterial viruses infecting the pathogen in a species-specific way, is a potential alternative.201626981577
influence of commercial laying hen housing systems on the incidence and identification of salmonella and campylobacter.the housing of laying hens is important for social, industrial, and regulatory aspects. many studies have compared hen housing systems on the research farm, but few have fully examined commercial housing systems and management strategies. the current study compared hens housed in commercial cage-free aviary, conventional cage, and enriched colony cage systems. environmental and eggshell pool samples were collected from selected cages/segments of the housing systems throughout the production cycl ...201626976901
fate of viable but non-culturable listeria monocytogenes in pig manure microcosms.the fate of two strains of listeria monocytogenes and their ability to become viable but non-culturable (vbnc) was investigated in microcosms containing piggery effluents (two raw manures and two biologically treated manures) stored for 2 months at 8 and 20°c. levels of l. monocytogenes were estimated using the culture method, qpcr, and propidium monoazide treatment combined with qpcr (qpcrpma). the chemical composition and the microbial community structure of the manures were also analyzed. the s ...201626973623
multicenter evaluation of clinical diagnostic methods for detection and isolation of campylobacter spp. from stool.the use of culture-independent diagnostic tests (cidts), such as stool antigen tests, as standalone tests for the detection of campylobacter in stool is increasing. we conducted a prospective, multicenter study to evaluate the performance of stool antigen cidts compared to culture and pcr for campylobacter detection. between july and october 2010, we tested 2,767 stool specimens from patients with gastrointestinal illness with the following methods: four types of campylobacter selective media, f ...201626962088
the effects of 405-nm visible light on the survival of campylobacter on chicken skin and stainless steel.campylobacter spp. are foodborne pathogens responsible for a significant portion of human cases of bacterial-mediated gastrointestinal disease. a primary method for the introduction of campylobacter into the food supply is through poultry products. reducing the number of campylobacter on poultry products may reduce the incidence of human disease. research has been conducted on the use of light to inactivate campylobacter on poultry products and processing environments. more recently, the use of ...201626938455
application of alternative nucleic acid extraction protocols to progastro sscs assay for detection of bacterial enteric pathogens.as an alternative to automated extraction, fecal specimens were processed by investigational lysis/heating (i.e., manual) and by chromatography/centrifugation (i.e., column) methods. progastro ssc and shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (i.e., stec) indeterminate rates for 101 specimens were 1.0% to 3.0% for automated, 11.9% for manual, and 24.8% to 37.6% for column methods. following freeze-thaw of 247 specimens, indeterminate rates were 1.6% to 2.4% for manual and 0.8 to 5.3% for column met ...201626935731
immune responses to mycobacterial heat shock protein 70 accompany self-reactivity to human bip in rheumatoid arthritis.rheumatoid arthritis (ra) is an autoimmune disease, and a member of human heat shock protein (hsp) 70 protein family, binding immunoglobulin protein (bip), has been identified as an important autoantigen for t and b cells. we herein focused on mycobacterial (myc) hsps and immune responses to mychsps in ra patients. serum titers of antibodies against mychsp70 were significantly elevated in ra patients and correlated with serum anti-bip antibody titers. a mychsp70-derived hla-dr4 major epitope was ...201626927756
ebola or not? evaluating the ill traveler from ebola-affected countries in west africa.background.  the 2014-2015 ebola epidemic in west africa had global impact beyond the primarily affected countries of guinea, liberia, and sierra leone. other countries, including the united states, encountered numerous patients who arrived from highly affected countries with fever or other signs or symptoms consistent with ebola virus disease (evd). methods.  we describe our experience evaluating 25 travelers who met the us centers for disease control and prevention case definition for a person ...201626925428
revisiting the roles of culture and culture-independent detection tests for campylobacter.culture-independent detection tests (cidts) for campylobacter have become an area of intense controversy and confusion among laboratorians in the field of clinical microbiology. to date, the true analytical and clinical performance of stool antigen cidts versus truly optimized culture conditions is unknown. in this issue of the journal of clinical microbiology, fitzgerald and colleagues (c. fitzgerald et al., j clin microbiol 54:1209-1215, 2016, http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/jcm.01925-15) report com ...201626912756
isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of campylobacter species among diarrheic children at jimma, ethiopia.introduction. campylobacter is one of the leading bacterial causes of food-borne disease. the prevalence of campylobacter species resistant to antimicrobial agents is increasing. this study is intended to determine prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of campylobacter species among under-five children with diarrhea. methodology. a cross-sectional study was conducted among 227 under-five children with diarrhea from july to october 2012 at jimma town. isolation and identification o ...201426904735
a rapid and simple real-time pcr assay for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces.a rapid, simple method for detecting foodborne pathogenic bacteria in human feces is greatly needed. here, we examined the efficacy of a method that employs a combination of a commercial pcr master mix, which is insensitive to pcr inhibitors, and a dna extraction method which used sodium dodecyl benzene sulfonate (sdbs), and tween 20 to counteract the inhibitory effects of sdbs on the pcr assay. this method could detect the target genes (stx1 and stx2 of enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli, inva ...201626902211
what makes a bacterial species pathogenic?:comparative genomic analysis of the genus leptospira.leptospirosis, caused by spirochetes of the genus leptospira, is a globally widespread, neglected and emerging zoonotic disease. while whole genome analysis of individual pathogenic, intermediately pathogenic and saprophytic leptospira species has been reported, comprehensive cross-species genomic comparison of all known species of infectious and non-infectious leptospira, with the goal of identifying genes related to pathogenesis and mammalian host adaptation, remains a key gap in the field. in ...201626890609
genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from conventional broiler flocks and the impacts of sampling strategy and laboratory method.the genetic diversity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coliisolates from commercial broiler farms was examined by multilocus sequence typing (mlst), with an assessment of the impact of the sample type and laboratory method on the genotypes of campylobacter isolated. a total of 645c. jejuniand 106c. coli isolates were obtained from 32 flocks and 17 farms, with 47 sequence types (sts) identified. the campylobacter jejuniisolates obtained by different sampling approaches and laboratory met ...201626873321
a biotin biosynthesis gene restricted to helicobacter.in most bacteria the last step in synthesis of the pimelate moiety of biotin is cleavage of the ester bond of pimeloyl-acyl carrier protein (acp) methyl ester. the paradigm cleavage enzyme is escherichia coli bioh which together with the bioc methyltransferase allows synthesis of the pimelate moiety by a modified fatty acid biosynthetic pathway. analyses of the extant bacterial genomes showed that bioh is absent from many bioc-containing bacteria and is replaced by other genes. helicobacter pylo ...201626868423
comparative detection and quantification of arcobacter butzleri in stools from diarrheic and nondiarrheic people in southwestern alberta, canada.arcobacter butzleri has been linked to enteric disease in humans, but its pathogenicity and epidemiology remain poorly understood. the lack of suitable detection methods is a major limitation. using comparative genome analysis, we developed pcr primers for direct detection and quantification ofa. butzleri dna in microbiologically complex matrices. these primers, along with existing molecular and culture-based methods, were used to detecta. butzleri and enteric pathogens in stools of diarrheic an ...201626865686
evaluation of luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen panel assay for detection of multiple diarrheal pathogens in fecal samples in vietnam.diarrheal disease is a complex syndrome that remains a leading cause of global childhood morbidity and mortality. the diagnosis of enteric pathogens in a timely and precise manner is important for making treatment decisions and informing public health policy, but accurate diagnosis is a major challenge in industrializing countries. multiplex molecular diagnostic techniques may represent a significant improvement over classical approaches. we evaluated the luminex xtag gastrointestinal pathogen p ...201626865681
campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in wild birds on danish livestock farms.reducing the occurrence of campylobacteriosis is a food safety issue of high priority, as in recent years it has been the most commonly reported zoonosis in the eu. livestock farms are of particular interest, since cattle, swine and poultry are common reservoirs of campylobacter spp. the farm environment provides attractive foraging and breeding habitats for some bird species reported to carry thermophilic campylobacter spp. we investigated the campylobacter spp. carriage rates in 52 wild bird s ...201626842400
campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in wild birds on danish livestock farms.reducing the occurrence of campylobacteriosis is a food safety issue of high priority, as in recent years it has been the most commonly reported zoonosis in the eu. livestock farms are of particular interest, since cattle, swine and poultry are common reservoirs of campylobacter spp. the farm environment provides attractive foraging and breeding habitats for some bird species reported to carry thermophilic campylobacter spp. we investigated the campylobacter spp. carriage rates in 52 wild bird s ...201626842400
isolation, identification and antibiotic resistance of campylobacter strains isolated from domestic and free-living pigeons.1. the aim of this study was to evaluate the occurrence of campylobacter spp. in domestic and free-living pigeons and to evaluate the antibiotic resistance profiles. 2. the material consisted of cloacal swabs obtained from 108 homing pigeons and fresh faeces from 72 wild birds from lublin and its vicinity. the identification of strains isolated on differential/selective media for campylobacter spp. was carried out by maldi-tof and pcr. the susceptibility to antibiotics was evaluated by minimum i ...201626841300
characterization of antimicrobial susceptibility and its association with virulence genes related to adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from animals, meat, and humans.the aim of this research was to statistically analyze the association between antimicrobial susceptibility/resistance to erythromycine, gentamicin, ciprofloxacin, and tetracycline and 11 virulence genes associated with adherence, invasion, and cytotoxicity in 528 isolates of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni obtained from retail meat and fecal samples from food-producing animals and human patients. a high percentage of campylobacter strains were resistant to antimicrobials, specificall ...201626779841
quantitative microbial risk assessment for campylobacter spp. on ham in korea.the objective of this study was to evaluate the risk of illness from campylobacter spp. on ham. to identify the hazards of campylobacter spp. on ham, the general characteristics and microbial criteria for campylobacter spp., and campylobacteriosis outbreaks were investigated. in the exposure assessment, the prevalence of campylobacter spp. on ham was evaluated, and the probabilistic distributions for the temperature of ham surfaces in retail markets and home refrigerators were prepared. in addit ...201526761897
zoonotic public health hazards in backyard chickens.backyard poultry has become increasingly popular in industrialized countries. in addition to keeping chickens for eggs and meat, owners often treat the birds as pets. however, several pathogenic enteric bacteria have the potential for zoonotic transmission from poultry to humans but very little is known about the occurrence of zoonotic pathogens in backyard flocks. the occurrence and the antimicrobial resistance of salmonella enterica, campylobacter spp., listeria monocytogenes and enteropathoge ...201626752227
prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacterjejuni and campylobacter coli from adult hospitalized patients with diarrhea in thailand.infection with campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are recognized as the major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans.201526749592
survival in water of campylobacter jejuni strains isolated from the slaughterhouse.campylobacter jejuni cause gastroenteritis in humans. the main transmission vector is the consumption or handling of contaminated chicken meat, since chicken can be colonized asymptomatically by c. jejuni. however, water has been implicated as the transmission vector in a few outbreaks. one possibility is the contamination of water effluent by c. jejuni originating from chicken farm. the ability of c. jejuni to be transmitted by water would be closely associated to its ability to survive in wate ...201526702388
a flagellar glycan-specific protein encoded by campylobacter phages inhibits host cell growth.we previously characterized a carbohydrate binding protein, gp047, derived from lytic campylobacter phage nctc 12673, as a promising diagnostic tool for the identification of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. we also demonstrated that this protein binds specifically to acetamidino-modified pseudaminic acid residues on host flagella, but the role of this protein in the phage lifecycle remains unknown. here, we report that gp047 is capable of inhibiting c. jejuni growth both on solid an ...201526694450
smrt sequencing of the campylobacter coli bfr-ca-9557 genome sequence reveals unique methylation motifs.campylobacter species are the most prevalent bacterial pathogen causing acute enteritis worldwide. in contrast to campylobacter jejuni, about 5 % of campylobacter coli strains exhibit susceptibility to restriction endonuclease digestion by dpni cutting specifically 5'-g(m)atc-3' motifs. this indicates significant differences in dna methylation between both microbial species. the goal of the study was to analyze the methylome of a c. coli strain susceptible to dpni digestion, to identify its meth ...201526689587
campylobacteriosis: the role of poultry meat.the incidence of human infections caused by campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the main bacterial agents of gastrointestinal disease, has been increasing worldwide. here, we review the role of poultry as a source and reservoir for campylobacter. contamination and subsequent colonization of broiler flocks at the farm level often lead to transmission of campylobacter along the poultry production chain and contamination of poultry meat at retail. yet campylobacter prevalence in poultry, a ...201626686808
salmonella and campylobacter: antimicrobial resistance and bacteriophage control in poultry.salmonella and campylobacter are major causes of foodborne related illness and are traditionally associated with consuming undercooked poultry and/or consuming products that have been cross contaminated with raw poultry. many of the isolated salmonella and campylobacter that can cause disease have displayed antimicrobial resistance phenotypes. although poultry producers have reduced on-the-farm overuse of antimicrobials, antimicrobial resistant salmonella and campylobacter strains still persist. ...201626678136
weakly deleterious mutations and low rates of recombination limit the impact of natural selection on bacterial genomes.free-living bacteria are usually thought to have large effective population sizes, and so tiny selective differences can drive their evolution. however, because recombination is infrequent, "background selection" against slightly deleterious alleles should reduce the effective population size (ne) by orders of magnitude. for example, for a well-mixed population with 10(12) individuals and a typical level of homologous recombination (r/m = 3, i.e., nucleotide changes due to recombination [r] occu ...201526670382
identification of the main quinolone resistance determinant in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by mama-deg pcr.among zoonotic diseases, campylobacteriosis stands out as the major bacterial infection producing human gastroenteritis. antimicrobial therapy, only recommended in critical cases, is challenged by resistance mechanisms that should be unambiguously detected for achievement of effective treatments. quinolone (ciprofloxacin) resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, the 2 main campylobacter detected in humans, is conferred by the mutation gyra c-257-t, which can be genotyped by sev ...201626658311
important role of a putative lytic transglycosylase cj0843c in β-lactam resistance in campylobacter jejuni.beta-lactam antibiotics are an important class of antibiotics for treating bacterial infections. despite prevalent β-lactam resistance in campylobacter jejuni, the leading bacterial cause of human diarrhea in developed countries, molecular mechanism of β-lactam resistance in c. jejuni is still largely unknown. in this study, c. jejuni 81-176 was used for random transposon mutagenesis. screening of a 2,800-mutant library identified 22 mutants with increased susceptibility to ampicillin. of these ...201526635760
molecular characterization, antimicrobial resistance and caco-2 cell invasion potential of campylobacter jejuni/coli from young children with diarrhea.campylobacter is a major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis worldwide. young children represent a particular age group affected by campylobacter infection because of their limited diets and weak immune systems.201626627197
antimicrobial resistance and genotypic diversity of campylobacter isolated from pigs, dairy, and beef cattle in tanzania.foodborne campylobacter infections pose a serious threat to public health worldwide. however, the occurrence and characteristics of campylobacter in food animals and products remain largely unknown in tanzania. the objective of this study was to determine the prevalence, antibiotic resistance, and genetic profiles (sequence types, sts) of campylobacter isolated from feces of pigs and dairy and beef cattle in tanzania. overall, 259 (~30%) of 864 samples were positive for campylobacter spp, which ...201526617582
description of an erm(b)-carrying campylobacter coli isolate in europe. 201626604242
isolation and molecular identification of potentially pathogenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni in feral pigeons from an urban area in the city of lima, peru.feral pigeons (columbia livia) live in close contact with humans and other animals. they can transmit potentially pathogenic and zoonotic agents. the objective of this study was to isolate and detect strains of diarrheagenic escherichia coli and campylobacter jejuni of urban feral pigeons from an area of lima, peru. fresh dropping samples from urban parks were collected for microbiological isolation of e. coli strains in selective agar, and campylobacter by filtration method. molecular identific ...201526603225
comprehensive analysis of flagellin glycosylation in campylobacter jejuni nctc 11168 reveals incorporation of legionaminic acid and its importance for host colonization.campylobacter jejuni is the leading cause of bacterial gastroenteritis. it relies on several virulence factors for host colonization, including glycosylated flagella. c. jejuni nctc 11168 modifies its flagellins with pseudaminic acid derivatives. it is also presumed to modify these proteins with legionaminic acid, although no glycopeptide evidence was available at the onset of this study. the enzyme encoded by cj1319 can be used to make legionaminic acid in vitro, but the pathway for legionamini ...201626582606
effect of antimicrobial use in agricultural animals on drug-resistant foodborne campylobacteriosis in humans: a systematic literature review.controversy continues concerning antimicrobial use in food animals and its relationship to drug-resistant infections in humans. we systematically reviewed published literature for evidence of a relationship between antimicrobial use in agricultural animals and drug-resistant foodborne campylobacteriosis in humans. based on publications from the united states (u.s.), canada and denmark from 2010 to july 2014, 195 articles were retained for abstract review, 50 met study criteria for full article r ...201626580432
multiplex detection of nine food-borne pathogens by mpcr and capillary electrophoresis after using a universal pre-enrichment medium.routine microbiological quality analyses in food samples require, in some cases, an initial incubation in pre-enrichment medium. this is necessary in order to ensure that small amounts of pathogenic strains are going to be detected. in this work, a universal pre-enrichment medium has been developed for the simultaneous growth of bacillus cereus, campylobacter jejuni, clostridium perfringens, cronobacter sakazakii, escherichia coli, enterobacteriaceae family (38 species, 27 genera), listeria mono ...201526579100
species shift and multidrug resistance of campylobacter from chicken and swine, china, 2008-14.the objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter isolated from broiler chickens and swine during 2008-14.201626568567
abstracts. 201526553501
abstracts. 201526553501
[antimicrobial susceptibility and resistance mutations in campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates from human and meat sources].recently, there has been a marked increase in the number of reports of fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the aim of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance and its genetic determinants in campylobacter species isolated from meat and human subjects in fukuoka prefecture, japan. between 2011 and 2013, 55 and 64 isolates were collected from meat (chicken meat and beef liver) and humans, respectively, in this prefecture. antimicrobia ...201526552121
genotyping of campylobacter coli strains isolated in brazil suggests possible contamination amongst environmental, human, animal and food sources.campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni are two of the most common causative agents of food-borne gastroenteritis in numerous countries worldwide. in brazil, campylobacteriosis is under diagnosed and under-reported, and few studies have molecularly characterized campylobacter spp. in this country. the current study genotyped 63 c. coli strains isolated from humans (n512), animals (n521), food (n510) and the environment (n520) between 1995 and 2011 in brazil. the strains were genotyped using ...201626531157
etiology of childhood infectious diarrhea in a developed region of china: compared to childhood diarrhea in a developing region and adult diarrhea in a developed region.in china, great differences in economy, social characteristics and hygiene exist between developing and developed regions. a comparative study of infectious diarrhea between two regions was needed. three groups of diarrheal patients were collected: children ≤5 year-olds from beijing (developed region) and henan province (developing region), and adults over 18 year-olds from beijing. a questionnaire was used to survey and feces samples were examined for 16 enteropathogens. we enrolled 1422 childr ...201526528820
eucast recommendations for antimicrobial susceptibility testing applied to the three main campylobacter species isolated in humans.antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter isolates is of great importance for treatment options especially in systemic diseases. the european committee for antimicrobial susceptibility testing (eucast) recently proposed epidemiological cut-offs (ecoffs) for a limited number of antimicrobial compounds and for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli only. in the present study, the eucast method was used after minor modifications to define antimicrobial susceptibility patterns for, ...201526519770
efficacy of a typing scheme for campylobacter based on the combination of true and questionable crispr.this study evaluates an improved scheme for campylobacter genotyping based on the combination of true and questionable crispr (clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats) elements. a total of 180 campylobacter strains (campylobacter jejuni n=93 and campylobacter coli n=87), isolated from neck skin and caecal content of broilers, poultry meat and sewage water were analysed. another 97 c. jejuni dna samples from cases of human campylobacteriosis were assessed. sixty-three genotypes ...201526518609
chromosomal integration vectors allowing flexible expression of foreign genes in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of human gastroenteritis yet there is limited knowledge of how disease is caused. molecular genetic approaches are vital for research into the virulence mechanisms of this important pathogen. vectors that allow expression of genes in c. jejuni via recombination onto the chromosome are particularly useful for genetic complementation of insertional knockout mutants and more generally for expression of genes in particular c. jejuni host backgrounds.201526497958
milk modulates campylobacter invasion into caco-2 intestinal epithelial cells.raw milk is a recognized source of campylobacter outbreaks, but pasteurization is an effective way to eliminate the causative agent of campylobacteriosis. whereas breastfeeding is protective against infectious diseases, consumption of formula milk is thought to be not. however, in relation to campylobacter, such data is currently unavailable. although both pasteurized and formula milk are pathogen free and prepared in a quality controlled manner, the effect they have on the virulence of campylob ...201526495128
substitute sweeteners: diverse bacterial oligosaccharyltransferases with unique n-glycosylation site preferences.the central enzyme in the campylobacter jejuni asparagine-linked glycosylation pathway is the oligosaccharyltransferase (ost), pglb, which transfers preassembled glycans to specific asparagine residues in target proteins. while c. jejuni pglb (cjpglb) can transfer many diverse glycan structures, the acceptor sites that it recognizes are restricted predominantly to those having a negatively charged residue in the -2 position relative to the asparagine. here, we investigated the acceptor-site pref ...201526482295
transmission of the pabi family of restriction dna glycosylase genes: mobility and long-term inheritance.r.pabi is an exceptional restriction enzyme that functions as a dna glycosylase. the enzyme excises an unmethylated base from its recognition sequence to generate apurinic/apyrimidinic (ap) sites, and also displays ap lyase activity, cleaving the dna backbone at the ap site to generate the 3'-phospho alpha, beta-unsaturated aldehyde end in addition to the 5'-phosphate end. the resulting ends are difficult to religate with dna ligase. the enzyme was originally isolated in pyrococcus, a hypertherm ...201526481899
campylobacter in poultry: ecology and potential interventions.avian hosts constitute a natural reservoir for thermophilic campylobacter species, primarily campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli, and poultry flocks are frequently colonized in the intestinal tract with high numbers of the organisms. prevalence rates in poultry, especially in slaughter-age broiler flocks, could reach as high as 100% on some farms. despite the extensive colonization, campylobacter is essentially a commensal in birds, although limited evidence has implicated the organism a ...201526473668
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