| the intermediate region of helicobacter pylori vaca is a determinant of toxin potency in a jurkat t cell assay. | colonization of the human stomach with helicobacter pylori is a risk factor for peptic ulceration, noncardia gastric adenocarcinoma, and gastric lymphoma. the secreted vaca toxin is an important h. pylori virulence factor that causes multiple alterations in gastric epithelial cells and t cells. several families of vaca alleles have been described, and h. pylori strains containing certain vaca types (s1, i1, and m1) are associated with an increased risk of gastric disease, compared to strains con ... | 2012 | 22585965 |
| the complete genome sequence of bacteriophage cp21 reveals modular shuffling in campylobacter group ii phages. | campylobacter group ii phages described so far share a high degree of sequence similarity. we report the 182,833-bp genomic sequence of the closely related group ii phage cp21 and show that it has a completely different genomic organization. as in other group ii phages, the cp21 genome is composed of large modules separated by long dna repeat regions which obviously trigger recombination and modular shuffling. | 2012 | 22843857 |
| ischaemic colitis associated with oral contraceptive and bisacodyl use. | a woman with a history of hip replacement presented 3 days prior to revision of the hip with abdominal pain, diarrhoea and haematochezia. these symptoms began 6 h after she began taking bisacodyl in preparation for her upcoming surgery. she was on low-dose estradiol for hormone replacement therapy (hrt). subsequent colonoscopy and biopsies were consistent with acute colonic ischaemia (ci). she was treated with intravenous fluids and antibiotics and discharged and told to stop hrt and bisacodyl. ... | 2012 | 22843752 |
| guillain-barré syndrome and anti-ganglioside antibodies: a clinician-scientist's journey. | guillain-barré syndrome (gbs) is the most frequent cause of acute flaccid paralysis. having seen my first gbs patient in 1989, i have since then dedicated my time in research towards understanding the pathogenesis of gbs. along with several colleagues, we identified igg autoantibodies against ganglioside gm1 in two patients with gbs subsequent to campylobacter jejuni enteritis. we proceeded to demonstrate molecular mimicry between gm1 and bacterial lipo-oligosaccharide of c. jejuni isolated from ... | 2012 | 22850724 |
| restricted gene flow among hospital subpopulations of enterococcus faecium. | enterococcus faecium has recently emerged as an important multiresistant nosocomial pathogen. defining population structure in this species is required to provide insight into the existence, distribution, and dynamics of specific multiresistant or pathogenic lineages in particular environments, like the hospital. here, we probe the population structure of e. faecium using bayesian-based population genetic modeling implemented in bayesian analysis of population structure (baps) software. the anal ... | 2012 | 22807567 |
| campylobacter epidemiology: a descriptive study reviewing 1 million cases in england and wales between 1989 and 2011. | to review campylobacter cases in england and wales over 2 decades and examine the main factors/mechanisms driving the changing epidemiology. | 2012 | 22798256 |
| estimating the relative roles of recombination and point mutation in the generation of single locus variants in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | single locus variants (slvs) are bacterial sequence types that differ at only one of the seven canonical multilocus sequence typing (mlst) loci. estimating the relative roles of recombination and point mutation in the generation of new alleles that lead to slvs is helpful in understanding how organisms evolve. the relative rates of recombination and mutation for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli were estimated at seven different housekeeping loci from publically available mlst data. th ... | 2012 | 22767048 |
| nutraceutical values of natural honey and its contribution to human health and wealth. | the use of natural honey (nh) as a nutraceutical agent is associated with nutritional benefits and therapeutic promises. nh is widely accepted as food and medicine by all generations, traditions and civilizations, both ancient and modern. the nutritional profiles, including its use in infant and children feeding reported in different literatures as well as health indices and biomarkers observed by various researchers are illustrated in this manuscript. the review documents folk medicine, experim ... | 2012 | 22716101 |
| detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli by sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using chicken egg yolk igy antibodies. | enterohemorrhagic escherichia coli (ehec), a subset of shiga toxin producing e. coli (stec) is associated with a spectrum of diseases that includes diarrhea, hemorrhagic colitis and a life-threatening hemolytic-uremic syndrome (hus). regardless of serotype, shiga toxins (stx1 and/or stx2) are uniformly expressed by all ehec, and so exploitable targets for laboratory diagnosis of these pathogens. in this study, a sandwich elisa for determination of shiga toxin (stx) was developed using anti-stx2b ... | 2012 | 22919675 |
| transmission of campylobacter coli in chicken embryos. | campylobacter coli is an important species involved in human cases of enteritis, and chickens are carriers of the pathogen mainly in developing country. the current study aimed to evaluate the transmission of c. coli and its pathogenic effects in chicken embryos. breeder hens were inoculated intra-esophageally with c. coli isolated from chickens, and their eggs and embryos were analyzed for the presence of bacteria using real-time pcr and plate culture. the viability of embryos was verified. in ... | 2012 | 24031861 |
| development and evaluation of a genus-specific, probe-based, internal-process-controlled real-time pcr assay for sensitive and specific detection of blastocystis spp. | blastocystis is a common intestinal parasite of unsettled clinical significance, which is not easily detected by standard parasitological methods. the genus comprises at least 13 subtypes (sts) (which likely represent separate species), 9 of which have been found in humans. recent data indicate that at least one of the subtypes is associated with intestinal disease. a quantitative taqman 5' nuclease real-time pcr (taqman pcr) including an internal process control (ipc) was developed for the dete ... | 2012 | 22422846 |
| selective pressure of antibiotic pollution on bacteria of importance to public health. | many bacteria of clinical importance survive and may grow in different environments. antibiotic pollution may exert on them a selective pressure leading to an increase in the prevalence of resistance. | 2012 | 22571927 |
| development of a novel genus-specific real-time pcr assay for detection and differentiation of bartonella species and genotypes. | the genus bartonella includes numerous species with varied host associations, including several that infect humans. development of a molecular diagnostic method capable of detecting the diverse repertoire of bartonella species while maintaining genus specificity has been a challenge. we developed a novel real-time pcr assay targeting a 301-bp region of the ssra gene of bartonella and demonstrated specific amplification in over 30 bartonella species, subspecies, and strains. subsequent analysis o ... | 2012 | 22378904 |
| characterization of the structurally diverse n-linked glycans of campylobacter species. | the gram-negative bacterium campylobacter jejuni encodes an extensively characterized n-linked protein glycosylation system that modifies many surface proteins with a heptasaccharide glycan. in c. jejuni, the genes that encode the enzymes required for glycan biosynthesis and transfer to protein are located at a single pgl gene locus. similar loci are also present in the genome sequences of all other campylobacter species, although variations in gene content and organization are evident. in this ... | 2012 | 22389484 |
| a gene-by-gene approach to bacterial population genomics: whole genome mlst of campylobacter. | campylobacteriosis remains a major human public health problem world-wide. genetic analyses of campylobacter isolates, and particularly molecular epidemiology, have been central to the study of this disease, particularly the characterization of campylobacter genotypes isolated from human infection, farm animals, and retail food. these studies have demonstrated that campylobacter populations are highly structured, with distinct genotypes associated with particular wild or domestic animal sources, ... | 2012 | 24704917 |
| xer recombinase and genome integrity in helicobacter pylori, a pathogen without topoisomerase iv. | in the model organism e. coli, recombination mediated by the related xerc and xerd recombinases complexed with the ftsk translocase at specialized dif sites, resolves dimeric chromosomes into free monomers to allow efficient chromosome segregation at cell division. computational genome analysis of helicobacter pylori, a slow growing gastric pathogen, identified just one chromosomal xer gene (xerh) and its cognate dif site (difh). here we show that recombination between directly repeated difh sit ... | 2012 | 22511919 |
| diversity in prokaryotic glycosylation: an archaeal-derived n-linked glycan contains legionaminic acid. | vp4, the major structural protein of the haloarchaeal pleomorphic virus, hrpv-1, is glycosylated. to define the glycan structure attached to this protein, oligosaccharides released by β-elimination were analysed by mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. such analyses showed that the major vp4-derived glycan is a pentasaccharide comprising glucose, glucuronic acid, mannose, sulphated glucuronic acid and a terminal 5-n-formyl-legionaminic acid residue. this is the first obs ... | 2012 | 22435790 |
| longitudinal study of the persistence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacter strains in distinct swine production systems on farms, at slaughter, and in the environment. | the objectives of this study were to compare and characterize the prevalence of antimicrobial-resistant (ar) campylobacter in conventional and antimicrobial-free (abf) production systems on farms, at slaughter, and in the environment. fecal and environmental samples were collected from abf farms (pigs, 1,239; environment, 797) and conventional farms (pigs, 1,650; environment, 1,325). at slaughter, we collected samples from carcasses, including postevisceration swabs, postchill swabs, and mesente ... | 2012 | 22307299 |
| molecular detection of campylobacter jejuni as a cause of culture-negative spondylodiscitis. | spondylodiscitis caused by campylobacter species is a rare disease which is most often caused by campylobacter fetus. we report a case of culture-negative spondylodiscitis and a psoas abscess due to campylobacter jejuni in a 68-year-old woman, as revealed by 16s rrna gene and campylobacter-specific pcrs from biopsied tissue. | 2012 | 22259199 |
| comparison of the microflex lt and vitek ms systems for routine identification of bacteria by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. | this study compared the performance of three matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry systems: microflex lt (bruker daltonics, bremen, germany), vitek ms ruo (axima assurance-saramis database; biomérieux, marcy l'etoile, france), and vitek ms ivd (biomérieux). a total of 1,129 isolates, including 1,003 routine isolates, 73 anaerobes, and 53 bacterial enteropathogens, were tested on the microflex lt and axima assurance devices. the spectra were analyzed using t ... | 2012 | 22322345 |
| effects of probiotics and antibiotics on the intestinal homeostasis in a computer controlled model of the large intestine. | antibiotic associated diarrhea and clostridium difficile infection are frequent complications of broad spectrum antibiotic therapy. probiotic bacteria are used as therapeutic and preventive agents in these disorders, but the exact functional mechanisms and the mode of action are poorly understood. the effects of clindamycin and the probiotic mixture vsl#3 (containing the 8 bacterial strains streptococcus thermophilus, bifidobacterium breve, bifidobacterium longum, bifidobacterium infantis, lacto ... | 2012 | 22452835 |
| campylobacter bacteremia: a rare and under-reported event? | bacteria belonging to the species campylobacter are the most common cause of bacterial diarrhoea in humans. the clinical phenotype associated with campylobacter infections ranges from asymptomatic conditions to severe colitis and bacteremia. in susceptible patients, campylobacter infections are associated with significant morbidity and mortality, with both host factors and bacterial factors being involved in the pathogenesis of bacteremia. in the host, age, gender and immune-compromising conditi ... | 2012 | 24611124 |
| current concepts in laboratory testing to guide antimicrobial therapy. | antimicrobial susceptibility testing (ast) is indicated for pathogens contributing to an infectious process that warrants antimicrobial therapy if susceptibility to antimicrobials cannot be predicted reliably based on knowledge of their identity. such tests are most frequently used when the etiologic agents are members of species capable of demonstrating resistance to commonly prescribed antibiotics. some organisms have predictable susceptibility to antimicrobial agents (ie, streptococcus pyogen ... | 2012 | 22386185 |
| characterization of protein glycosylation in francisella tularensis subsp. holarctica: identification of a novel glycosylated lipoprotein required for virulence. | fth_0069 is a previously uncharacterized strongly immunoreactive protein that has been proposed to be a novel virulence factor in francisella tularensis. here, the glycan structure modifying two c-terminal peptides of fth_0069 was identified utilizing high resolution, high mass accuracy mass spectrometry, combined with in-source cid tandem ms experiments. the glycan observed at m/z 1156 was determined to be a hexasaccharide, consisting of two hexoses, three n-acetylhexosamines, and an unknown mo ... | 2012 | 22361235 |
| development and comparison of a real-time pcr assay for detection of dichelobacter nodosus with culturing and conventional pcr: harmonisation between three laboratories. | ovine footrot is a contagious disease with worldwide occurrence in sheep. the main causative agent is the fastidious bacterium dichelobacter nodosus. in scandinavia, footrot was first diagnosed in sweden in 2004 and later also in norway and denmark. clinical examination of sheep feet is fundamental to diagnosis of footrot, but d. nodosus should also be detected to confirm the diagnosis. pcr-based detection using conventional pcr has been used at our institutes, but the method was laborious and t ... | 2012 | 22293440 |
| the genome and proteome of a campylobacter coli bacteriophage vb_ccom-ibb_35 reveal unusual features. | campylobacter is the leading cause of foodborne diseases worldwide. bacteriophages (phages) are naturally occurring predators of bacteria, ubiquitous in the environment, with high host specificity and thus considered an appealing option to control bacterial pathogens. nevertheless for an effective use of phages as antimicrobial agents, it is important to understand phage biology which renders crucial the analysis of phage genomes and proteomes. the lack of sequence data from campylobacter phages ... | 2012 | 22284308 |
| genome sequence of campylobacter showae unswcd, isolated from a patient with crohn's disease. | campylobacter showae unswcd was isolated from a patient with crohn's disease. here we present a 2.1 mb draft assembly of its genome. | 2013 | 23409253 |
| could dna uptake be a side effect of bacterial adhesion and twitching motility? | dna acquisition promotes the spread of resistance to antibiotics and virulence among bacteria. it is also linked to several natural phenomena including recombination, genome dynamics, adaptation and speciation. horizontal dna transfer between bacteria occurs via conjugation, transduction or competence for natural transformation by dna uptake. among these, competence is the only mechanism of transformation initiated and entirely controlled by the chromosome of the recipient bacteria. while the mo ... | 2013 | 23381940 |
| evidence for phenotypic plasticity among multihost campylobacter jejuni and c. coli lineages, obtained using ribosomal multilocus sequence typing and raman spectroscopy. | closely related bacterial isolates can display divergent phenotypes. this can limit the usefulness of phylogenetic studies for understanding bacterial ecology and evolution. here, we compare phenotyping based on raman spectrometric analysis of cellular composition to phylogenetic classification by ribosomal multilocus sequence typing (rmlst) in 108 isolates of the zoonotic pathogens campylobacter jejuni and c. coli. automatic relevance determination (ard) was used to identify informative peaks i ... | 2013 | 23204423 |
| efficacy of oral fecal bacteriotherapy in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) with chronic diarrhea. | chronic diarrhea remains the principal burden in providing health care for nonhuman primates in biomedical research facilities. although the exact etiology continues to puzzle nonhuman primate clinicians, recent research in humans has shown that restoring the indigenous microbial diversity may be successful in resolving cases of chronic diarrhea when other treatment modalities have failed. the process of restoring this microbial balance, known as fecal bacteriotherapy, uses the complete flora fr ... | 2013 | 23561941 |
| campylobacter infection in poultry-processing workers, virginia, usa, 2008-2011. | during a health hazard evaluation, we investigated 29 cases of laboratory-diagnosed campylobacter infection among workers at a poultry-processing plant. most infected employees worked at the plant <1 month, worked as live hangers, and lived at a state-operated center. to lessen the infection risk, we recommended improvements to engineering and administrative controls at the plant. | 2013 | 23347390 |
| a laboratory-developed taqman array card for simultaneous detection of 19 enteropathogens. | the taqman array card (tac) system is a 384-well singleplex real-time pcr format that has been used to detect multiple infection targets. here we developed an enteric taqman array card to detect 19 enteropathogens, including viruses (adenovirus, astrovirus, norovirus gii, rotavirus, and sapovirus), bacteria (campylobacter jejuni/c. coli, clostridium difficile, salmonella, vibrio cholerae, diarrheagenic escherichia coli strains including enteroaggregative e. coli [eaec], enterotoxigenic e. coli [ ... | 2013 | 23175269 |
| comparison of three different methods for detection of shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli in a tertiary pediatric care center. | shiga toxin-producing escherichia coli (stec) is a well-known cause of sporadic and epidemic food-borne gastroenteritis. a low infectious dose, approximately 10 microorganisms, is sufficient to cause disease that may lead to hemolytic-uremic syndrome. the objective of this study was to compare the performances of an in-house real-time pcr, a commercial enzyme immunoassay (eia) (premier ehec; meridian bioscience), and culture on sorbitol macconkey agar for the detection of stec in a tertiary care ... | 2013 | 23175264 |
| rapid detection of campylobacter antigen by enzyme immunoassay leads to increased positivity rates. | campylobacter antigen detection by enzyme immunoassay (eia) provides rapid results compared to traditional culture. however, concern exists regarding specificity. verification studies of an eia compared to culture revealed a positive predictive value (ppv) of 91%, whereas ppv fell to 42% during routine diagnostic testing. we suggest all positive eia results be confirmed via culture. | 2013 | 23175262 |
| symptomatic and asymptomatic campylobacter infections associated with reduced growth in peruvian children. | although diarrheal illnesses are recognized as both a cause and effect of undernutrition, evidence for the effect of specific enteropathogens on early childhood growth remains limited. we estimated the effects of undernutrition as a risk factor for campylobacteriosis, as well as associations between symptomatic and asymptomatic campylobacter infections and growth. | 2013 | 23383356 |
| marked host specificity and lack of phylogeographic population structure of campylobacter jejuni in wild birds. | zoonotic pathogens often infect several animal species, and gene flow among populations infecting different host species may affect the biological traits of the pathogen including host specificity, transmissibility and virulence. the bacterium campylobacter jejuni is a widespread zoonotic multihost pathogen, which frequently causes gastroenteritis in humans. poultry products are important transmission vehicles to humans, but the bacterium is common in other domestic and wild animals, particularl ... | 2013 | 23356487 |
| loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for the rapid detection of staphylococcus aureus. | staphylococcus aureus, including methicillin-resistant s. aureus (mrsa), is an important human pathogen that produces a variety of toxins and causes a wide range of infections, including soft-tissue infections, bacteremia, and staphylococcal food poisoning. a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay targeting the arcc gene of s. aureus was developed and evaluated with 119 s. aureus and 25 non-s. aureus strains. the usefulness of the assay was compared with the pcr method that targets ... | 2013 | 23509796 |
| disk diffusion method for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. | | 2013 | 23269979 |
| detection of campylobacter species and arcobacter butzleri in stool samples by use of real-time multiplex pcr. | the presence of campylobacter (or campylobacter-like) species in stools from patients suspected of infectious gastroenteritis (n = 493) was investigated using real-time pcr for detection of arcobacter butzleri (hsp60 gene), campylobacter coli (ceue gene), campylobacter jejuni (mapa), five acknowledged pathogenic campylobacter spp. (c16s_lund assay), and the campylobacter genus (c16s_lvi assay). in total, 71.4% of the samples were positive for campylobacter dna (n = 352) by a campylobacter genus- ... | 2013 | 23152553 |
| using major outer membrane protein typing as an epidemiological tool to investigate outbreaks caused by milk-borne campylobacter jejuni isolates in california. | we describe using major outer membrane protein (momp) typing as a screen to compare the campylobacter jejuni pora gene sequences of clinical outbreak strains from human stool with the pora sequences of dairy farm strains isolated during two milk-borne campylobacteriosis outbreak investigations in california. the genetic relatedness of clinical and environmental strains with identical or closely related pora sequences was confirmed by multilocus sequence typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresi ... | 2013 | 23115263 |
| reply to "disk diffusion method for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli". | | 2013 | 23269980 |
| rapid methods for the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens: principles, applications, advantages and limitations. | the incidence of foodborne diseases has increased over the years and resulted in major public health problem globally. foodborne pathogens can be found in various foods and it is important to detect foodborne pathogens to provide safe food supply and to prevent foodborne diseases. the conventional methods used to detect foodborne pathogen are time consuming and laborious. hence, a variety of methods have been developed for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens as it is required in many food ana ... | 2014 | 25628612 |
| rapid methods for the detection of foodborne bacterial pathogens: principles, applications, advantages and limitations. | the incidence of foodborne diseases has increased over the years and resulted in major public health problem globally. foodborne pathogens can be found in various foods and it is important to detect foodborne pathogens to provide safe food supply and to prevent foodborne diseases. the conventional methods used to detect foodborne pathogen are time consuming and laborious. hence, a variety of methods have been developed for rapid detection of foodborne pathogens as it is required in many food ana ... | 2014 | 25628612 |
| cj1386, an atypical hemin-binding protein, mediates hemin trafficking to kata in campylobacter jejuni. | catalase enzymes detoxify h2o2 by the dismutation of h2o2 into o2 and h2o through the use of hemin cofactors. while the structure and biochemical properties of catalase enzymes have been well characterized over many decades of research, it remained unclear how catalases acquire hemin. we have previously reported that cj1386 is essential for ensuring proper hemin content in campylobacter jejuni catalase (kata) (a. flint, y. q. sun, and a. stintzi, j bacteriol 194: 334-345, 2012). in this report, ... | 2014 | 25548249 |
| cj1386, an atypical hemin-binding protein, mediates hemin trafficking to kata in campylobacter jejuni. | catalase enzymes detoxify h2o2 by the dismutation of h2o2 into o2 and h2o through the use of hemin cofactors. while the structure and biochemical properties of catalase enzymes have been well characterized over many decades of research, it remained unclear how catalases acquire hemin. we have previously reported that cj1386 is essential for ensuring proper hemin content in campylobacter jejuni catalase (kata) (a. flint, y. q. sun, and a. stintzi, j bacteriol 194: 334-345, 2012). in this report, ... | 2014 | 25548249 |
| clinical importance and epidemiology of quinolone resistance. | the quinolone class of antimicrobial agents is one of most widely used classes of antimicrobial agents in outpatient and inpatient treatment. however, quinolone resistance in gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria has emerged and increased globally. this resistance limits the usefulness of quinolones in clinical practice. the review summarizes mechanisms of quinolone resistance and its epidemiology and implications in the most common clinical settings, urinary tract infections, respiratory tra ... | 2014 | 25566402 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal key innate immune signatures in the host response to the gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter concisus. | pathogenic species within the genus campylobacter are responsible for a considerable burden on global health. campylobacter concisus is an emergent pathogen that plays a role in acute and chronic gastrointestinal disease. despite ongoing research on campylobacter virulence mechanisms, little is known regarding the immunological profile of the host response to campylobacter infection. in this study, we describe a comprehensive global profile of innate immune responses to c. concisus infection in ... | 2014 | 25486993 |
| transcriptomic and proteomic analyses reveal key innate immune signatures in the host response to the gastrointestinal pathogen campylobacter concisus. | pathogenic species within the genus campylobacter are responsible for a considerable burden on global health. campylobacter concisus is an emergent pathogen that plays a role in acute and chronic gastrointestinal disease. despite ongoing research on campylobacter virulence mechanisms, little is known regarding the immunological profile of the host response to campylobacter infection. in this study, we describe a comprehensive global profile of innate immune responses to c. concisus infection in ... | 2014 | 25486993 |
| effect of administration route and dose escalation on plasma and intestinal concentrations of enrofloxacin and ciprofloxacin in broiler chickens. | the (mis)use of fluoroquinolones in the fowl industry has led to an alarming incidence of fluoroquinolone resistance in pathogenic as well as commensal bacteria. next to simply reducing antimicrobial consumption, optimizing dosage regimens can be regarded as a suitable strategy to reduce antimicrobial resistance development without jeopardizing therapy efficacy and outcome. a first step in order to limit antimicrobial resistance is to assess the exposure of the intestinal microbiota to enrofloxa ... | 2014 | 25440469 |
| multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and whole-genome mlst of campylobacter jejuni isolates from human infections in three districts during a seasonal peak in finland. | a total of 95 human campylobacter jejuni isolates acquired from domestic infections and collected from three districts in finland during the seasonal peak (june to september) in 2012 were analyzed by pcr-based multilocus sequence typing (mlst) and by whole-genome sequencing (wgs). four predominant sequence types (sts) were detected among the isolates: st-45 (21%) and st-230 (14%, st-45 clonal complex [cc]), st-267 (21%, st-283 cc), and st-677 (19%, st-677 cc). in districts 1 and 3, most of the i ... | 2014 | 25232158 |
| extraintestinal campylobacteriosis in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | two cases of clinical disease associated with extraintestinal campylobacter infection were recently encountered in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). the first case was that of a 3-y-old, male, rhesus macaque experimentally infected with siv, who presented with abdominal pain and a midabdominal mass and was euthanized. pathology findings included an abscess within the median liver lobe, fibrinopurulent peritonitis, and intestinal serositis with isolation of campylobacter fetus from the blood, liv ... | 2014 | 25527031 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility profiles and molecular typing of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates from ducks in south korea. | campylobacter is a food-borne zoonotic pathogen that causes human gastroenteritis worldwide. campylobacter bacteria are commensal in the intestines of many food production animals, including ducks and chickens. the objective of the study was to determine the prevalence of campylobacter species in domestic ducks, and the agar dilution method was used to determine resistance of the isolates to eight antibiotics. in addition, multilocus sequence typing (mlst) was performed to determine the sequence ... | 2014 | 25261524 |
| systematic review and meta-analysis of the proportion of campylobacter cases that develop chronic sequelae. | understanding of chronic sequelae development after campylobacter infection is limited. the objective of the study was to determine via systematic review and meta-analysis the proportion of campylobacter cases that develop chronic sequelae. | 2014 | 25416162 |
| first case report of fatal sepsis due to campylobacter upsaliensis. | we encountered a rare case of severe fatal infection in a 70-year-old woman due to campylobacter upsaliensis, identified by pcr amplification and sequencing analysis of the 16s rrna gene using dna extracted from the isolates. to our knowledge, fatal sepsis due to this organism has never been described to date. | 2014 | 25411172 |
| first case report of fatal sepsis due to campylobacter upsaliensis. | we encountered a rare case of severe fatal infection in a 70-year-old woman due to campylobacter upsaliensis, identified by pcr amplification and sequencing analysis of the 16s rrna gene using dna extracted from the isolates. to our knowledge, fatal sepsis due to this organism has never been described to date. | 2014 | 25411172 |
| a phylogeny-based sampling strategy and power calculator informs genome-wide associations study design for microbial pathogens. | whole genome sequencing is increasingly used to study phenotypic variation among infectious pathogens and to evaluate their relative transmissibility, virulence, and immunogenicity. to date, relatively little has been published on how and how many pathogen strains should be selected for studies associating phenotype and genotype. there are specific challenges when identifying genetic associations in bacteria which often comprise highly structured populations. here we consider general methodologi ... | 2014 | 25484920 |
| intraspecies comparison of streptomyces pratensis genomes reveals high levels of recombination and gene conservation between strains of disparate geographic origin. | streptomyces are widespread bacteria that contribute to the terrestrial carbon cycle and produce the majority of clinically useful antibiotics. while interspecific genomic diversity has been investigated among streptomyces, information is lacking on intraspecific genomic diversity. streptomyces pratensis has high rates of homologous recombination but the impact of such gene exchange on genome evolution and the evolution of natural product gene clusters remains uncharacterized. | 2014 | 25399205 |
| comparative genomics of the campylobacter lari group. | the campylobacter lari group is a phylogenetic clade within the epsilon subdivision of the proteobacteria and is part of the thermotolerant campylobacter spp., a division within the genus that includes the human pathogen campylobacter jejuni. the c. lari group is currently composed of five species (c. lari, campylobacter insulaenigrae, campylobacter volucris, campylobacter subantarcticus, and campylobacter peloridis), as well as a group of strains termed the urease-positive thermophilic campylob ... | 2014 | 25381664 |
| phenotypic and genotypic diversity of thermophilic campylobacter spp. in commercial turkey flocks: a longitudinal study. | poultry are recognized as a main reservoir of campylobacter spp. however, longitudinal studies investigating the persistence of campylobacter on commercial meat turkeys are rare. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility, and persistence of genotypically related strains of campylobacter spp. recovered from three commercial turkey farms in ohio belonging to a single producer. eight hundred ten samples were collected from birds aged 1 week to slaug ... | 2014 | 25184688 |
| campylobacter colonization and proliferation in the broiler chicken upon natural field challenge is not affected by the bird growth rate or breed. | the zoonotic association between campylobacter bacteria in poultry and humans has been characterized by decades of research which has attempted to elucidate the epidemiology of this complex relationship and to reduce carriage within poultry. while much work has focused on the mechanisms facilitating its success in contaminating chicken flocks (and other animal hosts), it remains difficult to consistently exclude campylobacter under field conditions. within the united kingdom poultry industry, va ... | 2014 | 25172857 |
| prevalence and antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter spp. in oklahoma conventional and organic retail poultry. | campylobacter is one of the most important foodborne pathogens that cause bacterial gastroenteritis.this study was conducted to investigate the prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter in conventional and organic retail poultry samples purchased from grocery stores in tulsa, oklahoma.one hundred and fifty six chilled retail chicken samples (85 conventional and 71 organic) and 65 chilled retail conventional turkey samples were collected in this study. the prevalence of campylobact ... | 2014 | 25408778 |
| differences in carbon source utilisation distinguish campylobacter jejuni from campylobacter coli. | campylobacter jejuni and c. coli are human intestinal pathogens that are the most frequent causes of bacterial foodborne gastroenteritis in humans in the uk. in this study, we aimed to characterise the metabolic diversity of both c. jejuni and c. coli using a diverse panel of clinical strains isolated from the uk, pakistan and thailand, thereby representing both the developed and developing world. our aim was to apply multi genome analysis and biolog phenotyping to determine differences in carbo ... | 2014 | 25348335 |
| paidb v2.0: exploration and analysis of pathogenicity and resistance islands. | pathogenicity is a complex multifactorial process confounded by the concerted activity of genetic regions associated with virulence and/or resistance determinants. pathogenicity islands (pais) and resistance islands (reis) are key to the evolution of pathogens and appear to play complimentary roles in the process of bacterial infection. while pais promote disease development, reis give a fitness advantage to the host against multiple antimicrobial agents. the pathogenicity island database (paidb ... | 2014 | 25336619 |
| paidb v2.0: exploration and analysis of pathogenicity and resistance islands. | pathogenicity is a complex multifactorial process confounded by the concerted activity of genetic regions associated with virulence and/or resistance determinants. pathogenicity islands (pais) and resistance islands (reis) are key to the evolution of pathogens and appear to play complimentary roles in the process of bacterial infection. while pais promote disease development, reis give a fitness advantage to the host against multiple antimicrobial agents. the pathogenicity island database (paidb ... | 2014 | 25336619 |
| exploring pfge for detecting large plasmids in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from various retail meats. | campylobacter spp. is one of the most prevalent bacterial pathogens in retail meat, particularly poultry, and is a leading cause of diarrhea in humans. studies related to campylobacter large plasmids are limited in the literature possibly due to difficulty in isolating them using available alkaline lysis methods. the objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence of plasmids, particularly large ones, in campylobacter spp. isolated from various oklahoma retail meats, and to explore pfg ... | 2014 | 25436507 |
| repetitive sequence variations in the promoter region of the adhesin-encoding gene saba of helicobacter pylori affect transcription. | the pathogenesis of diseases elicited by the gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori is partially determined by the effectiveness of adaptation to the variably acidic environment of the host stomach. adaptation includes appropriate adherence to the gastric epithelium via outer membrane protein adhesins such as saba. the expression of saba is subject to regulation via phase variation in the promoter and coding regions as well as repression by the two-component system arsrs. in this study, we investi ... | 2014 | 25022855 |
| emerging technologies for the clinical microbiology laboratory. | in this review we examine the literature related to emerging technologies that will help to reshape the clinical microbiology laboratory. these topics include nucleic acid amplification tests such as isothermal and point-of-care molecular diagnostics, multiplexed panels for syndromic diagnosis, digital pcr, next-generation sequencing, and automation of molecular tests. we also review matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight (maldi-tof) and electrospray ionization (esi) mass spe ... | 2014 | 25278575 |
| incidence of and factors associated with false positives in laboratory diagnosis of norovirus infection by amplification of the rna-dependent rna polymerase gene. | conventional reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (rt-pcr) amplification of the rna-dependent rna polymerase (rdrp) gene remains a used method for the rapid detection of norovirus (nv) in clinical laboratories. the incidence of and factors associated with false positives in this assay have not been previously evaluated. | 2014 | 25264621 |
| emerging rapid resistance testing methods for clinical microbiology laboratories and their potential impact on patient management. | atypical and multidrug resistance, especially esbl and carbapenemase expressing enterobacteriaceae, is globally spreading. therefore, it becomes increasingly difficult to achieve therapeutic success by calculated antibiotic therapy. consequently, rapid antibiotic resistance testing is essential. various molecular and mass spectrometry-based approaches have been introduced in diagnostic microbiology to speed up the providing of reliable resistance data. pcr- and sequencing-based approaches are th ... | 2014 | 25343142 |
| susceptibility to campylobacter infection is associated with the species composition of the human fecal microbiota. | the gut microbiota is essential for human health, but very little is known about how the composition of this ecosystem can influence and respond to bacterial infections. here we address this by prospectively studying the gut microbiota composition before, during, and after natural campylobacter infection in exposed poultry abattoir workers. the gut microbiota composition was analyzed with 16s amplicon sequencing of fecal samples from poultry abattoir workers during the peak season of campylobact ... | 2014 | 25227462 |
| accurate detection of campylobacter spp. antigens by immunochromatography and enzyme immunoassay in routine microbiological laboratory. | campylobacter spp. are fastidious microorganisms, and their detection by culture depends on the freshness of the stool sample and the skills of the laboratory staff. to improve laboratory diagnosis, assays for the detection of specific antigens have been developed. here, we evaluated two assays for the detection of campylobacter spp.-specific antigens, i.e., one immunochromatographic test and one enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (eia), in 38 frozen campylobacter spp.-positive specimens and pros ... | 2014 | 25215191 |
| genomic evidence for the emergence and evolution of pathogenicity and niche preferences in the genus campylobacter. | the genus campylobacter includes some of the most relevant pathogens for human and animal health; the continuous effort in their characterization has also revealed new species putatively involved in different kind of infections. nowadays, the available genomic data for the genus comprise a wide variety of species with different pathogenic potential and niche preferences. in this work, we contribute to enlarge this available information presenting the first genome for the species campylobacter sp ... | 2014 | 25193310 |
| evolution and comparative genomics of campylobacter jejuni st-677 clonal complex. | campylobacter is the most common bacterial cause of gastroenteritis in the european union with over 200,000 laboratory-confirmed cases reported annually. this is the first study to describe findings related to comparative genomics analyses of the sequence type (st)-677 clonal complex (cc), a campylobacter jejuni lineage associated with bacteremia cases in humans. we performed whole-genome sequencing, using illumina hiseq sequencing technology, on five related st-677 cc isolates from two chicken ... | 2014 | 25193305 |
| identifying etiological agents causing diarrhea in low income ecuadorian communities. | continued success in decreasing diarrheal disease burden requires targeted interventions. to develop such interventions, it is crucial to understand which pathogens cause diarrhea. using a case-control design we tested stool samples, collected in both rural and urban ecuador, for 15 pathogenic microorganisms. pathogens were present in 51% of case and 27% of control samples from the urban community, and 62% of case and 18% of control samples collected from the rural community. rotavirus and shige ... | 2014 | 25048373 |
| same-day subtyping of campylobacter jejuni and c. coli isolates by use of multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification-binary typing. | campylobacteriosis is the most commonly reported form of human bacterial gastroenteritis in the world. sound identification of infectious sources requires subtyping, but the most widely used methods have turnaround times measured in days and require specialist equipment and skills. a multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification-binary typing (mbit) assay was developed for subtyping campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. it was tested on 245 isolates, including recent isolates from belg ... | 2014 | 24989612 |
| emergence of multidrug-resistant campylobacter species isolates with a horizontally acquired rrna methylase. | antibiotic-resistant campylobacter constitutes a serious threat to public health, and resistance to macrolides is of particular concern, as this class of antibiotics is the drug of choice for clinical therapy of campylobacteriosis. very recently, a horizontally transferrable macrolide resistance mediated by the rrna methylase gene erm(b) was reported in a campylobacter coli isolate, but little is known about the dissemination of erm(b) among campylobacter isolates and the association of erm(b)-c ... | 2014 | 24982085 |
| occurrence of thermotolerant campylobacter in raw poultry meat, environmental and pigeon stools collected in open-air markets. | campylobacteriosis was the most commonly reported zoonosis for confirmed human cases in european union during 2011. poultry meat was very often implicated in campylobacter infections in humans. in italy commerce of raw poultry meat is common in open-air markets: these areas can be considered at high risk of bacterial contamination due to the high presence birds like pigeons. the aim of this study was to collect data about the contamination by thermotolerant campylobacter of raw poultry meat comm ... | 2014 | 27800355 |
| investigating the host specificity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli by sequencing gyrase subunit a. | surveillance and field investigations of campylobacter infections require molecular tools with genetic markers appropriate for tracing purposes, i.e. based on the principle that some campylobacter lineages acquire a host signature under adaptive selection pressure. we developed a sequence-based method targeting the quinolone resistance determining region within the subunit a of dna gyrase (gyra). host specificity was evaluated by characterizing two collections of campylobacter jejuni (n = 430) a ... | 2014 | 25163418 |
| a current overview of commercially available nucleic acid diagnostics approaches to detect and identify human gastroenteritis pathogens. | gastroenteritis is caused by a wide range of viral, bacterial and parasitic pathogens and causes millions of deaths worldwide each year, particularly in infant populations in developing countries. traditional microbiological culture and immunological based tests are time consuming, laborious and often lack diagnostic specificity and sensitivity. as a result patients can receive suboptimal and/or inappropriate antimicrobial treatment. in recent years, rapid nucleic acid diagnostics (nad) technolo ... | 2014 | 27920992 |
| genome analysis of bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum ucmb5113: a rhizobacterium that improves plant growth and stress management. | the bacillus amyloliquefaciens subsp. plantarum strain ucmb5113 is a gram-positive rhizobacterium that can colonize plant roots and stimulate plant growth and defense based on unknown mechanisms. this reinforcement of plants may provide protection to various forms of biotic and abiotic stress. to determine the genetic traits involved in the mechanism of plant-bacteria association, the genome sequence of ucmb5113 was obtained by assembling paired-end illumina reads. the assembled chromosome of 3, ... | 2014 | 25119988 |
| genes required for assembly of pili associated with the helicobacter pylori cag type iv secretion system. | helicobacter pylori causes numerous alterations in gastric epithelial cells through processes that are dependent on activity of the cag type iv secretion system (t4ss). filamentous structures termed "pili" have been visualized at the interface between h. pylori and gastric epithelial cells, and previous studies suggested that pilus formation is dependent on the presence of the cag pathogenicity island (pai). thus far, there has been relatively little effort to identify specific genes that are re ... | 2014 | 24891108 |
| inactivation of selected bacterial pathogens in dairy cattle manure by mesophilic anaerobic digestion (balloon type digester). | anaerobic digestion of animal manure in biogas digesters has shown promise as a technology in reducing the microbial load to safe and recommended levels. we sought to treat dairy manure obtained from the fort hare dairy farm by investigating the survival rates of bacterial pathogens, through a total viable plate count method, before, during and after mesophilic anaerobic digestion. different microbiological media were inoculated with different serial dilutions of manure samples that were withdra ... | 2014 | 25026086 |
| campylobacter infection in a cohort of rural children in moramanga, madagascar. | campylobacter infection is the most common cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in developing countries, including madagascar. reports of pathogenicity have not been consistent and repeated exposures over time seem to lead to the development of protective immunity in developing areas. we conducted this study to support evidence for these hypotheses by exploring the association between infection and age, the reoccurrence of infection and the pathogenicity of campylobacter. | 2014 | 24996559 |
| comparison of fecalswab and eswab devices for storage and transportation of diarrheagenic bacteria. | using a collection (n = 12) of atcc and known stock isolates, as well as 328 clinical stool specimens, we evaluated the eswab and the new fecalswab liquid-based microbiology (lbm) devices for storing and transporting diarrheagenic bacteria. the stock isolates were stored in these swab devices up to 48 h at refrigeration (4°c) or room (∼25°c) temperature and up to 3 months at -20°c or -70°c. with the clinical stool specimens, the performances of the eswab and fecalswab were compared to those of r ... | 2014 | 24740083 |
| antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates obtained in montreal, quebec, canada, from 2002 to 2013. | from 2002 to 2013 in montreal, quebec, canada, 38 campylobacter coli isolates were more frequently erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin resistant than 440 campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolates (18.4% versus 1.8%; p = 0.00005), of which the 148 isolates acquired abroad were more frequently erythromycin, tetracycline, and ciprofloxacin resistant than the 292 isolates acquired locally (5.4% versus 0%; p = 0.0001). | 2014 | 24759726 |
| benefits and risks of antimicrobial use in food-producing animals. | benefits and risks of antimicrobial drugs, used in food-producing animals, continue to be complex and controversial issues. this review comprehensively presents the benefits of antimicrobials drugs regarding control of animal diseases, protection of public health, enhancement of animal production, improvement of environment, and effects of the drugs on biogas production and public health associated with antimicrobial resistance. the positive and negative impacts, due to ban issue of antimicrobia ... | 2014 | 24971079 |
| in depth analysis of the helicobacter pylori cag pathogenicity island transcriptional responses. | the severity of symptoms elicited by the widespread human pathogen helicobacter pylori is strongly influenced by the genetic diversity of the infecting strain. among the most important pathogen factors that carry an increased risk for gastric cancer are specific genotypes of the cag pathogenicity island (cag-pai), encoding a type iv secretion system (t4ss) responsible for the translocation of the caga effector oncoprotein. to date, little is known about the regulatory events important for the ex ... | 2014 | 24892739 |
| the importance of the viable but non-culturable state in human bacterial pathogens. | many bacterial species have been found to exist in a viable but non-culturable (vbnc) state since its discovery in 1982. vbnc cells are characterized by a loss of culturability on routine agar, which impairs their detection by conventional plate count techniques. this leads to an underestimation of total viable cells in environmental or clinical samples, and thus poses a risk to public health. in this review, we present recent findings on the vbnc state of human bacterial pathogens. the characte ... | 2014 | 24917854 |
| videotaped behavior as a predictor of clinical outcome in rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta). | understanding the behavior of laboratory nhp facilitates health assessment and clinical care. we sought to characterize the behavior of critically ill rhesus macaques (macaca mulatta) and determine whether specific behaviors or behavioral changes might facilitate the determination of prognosis and clinical endpoints. twenty-two critically-ill subjects were videorecorded after they were removed from the outdoor breeding colony for diagnostic work-up and treatment. subjects were categorized as sur ... | 2014 | 24956211 |
| inhibition controls for qualitative real-time pcr assays: are they necessary for all specimen matrices? | a retrospective analysis of 386,706 specimens representing a variety of matrix types used in qualitative real-time pcr assays determined the overall inhibition rate to be 0.87% when the inhibition control was added preextraction to 5,613 specimens and 0.01% when the inhibition control was added postextraction but preamplification in 381,093 specimens. inhibition rates of ≤ 1% were found for all specimen matrix types except urine and formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. | 2014 | 24740078 |
| human diarrhea infections associated with domestic animal husbandry: a systematic review and meta-analysis. | domestic animal husbandry, a common practice globally, can lead to zoonotic transmission of enteric pathogens. however, this risk has received little attention to date. this systematic review and meta-analysis examines the evidence for an association between domestic exposure to food-producing animals and cases of human diarrhea and specific enteric infections. we performed a systematic review of available literature to examine domestic livestock and poultry as risk factors for diarrhea and appl ... | 2014 | 24812065 |
| high-throughput sequencing of campylobacter jejuni insertion mutant libraries reveals mapa as a fitness factor for chicken colonization. | campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of gastrointestinal infections worldwide, due primarily to its ability to asymptomatically colonize the gastrointestinal tracts of agriculturally relevant animals, including chickens. infection often occurs following consumption of meat that was contaminated by c. jejuni during harvest. because of this, much interest lies in understanding the mechanisms that allow c. jejuni to colonize the chicken gastrointestinal tract. to address this, we generated a c. ... | 2014 | 24633877 |
| detection, identification and quantification of campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari in food matrices all at once using multiplex qpcr. | thermotolerant campylobacter jejuni, coli and lari are recognized as leading food-borne pathogens causing an acute bacterial enteritis worldwide. due to narrow spectrum of their biochemical activity, it is very complicated to distinguish between individual species. for reliable risk assessment, proper incidence evaluation or swift sample analysis regarding individual species, a demand for simple and rapid method for their distinguishing is reasonable. in this study, we evaluated a reliable and s ... | 2014 | 25057300 |
| comparison of maldi-tof ms, gene sequencing and the vitek 2 for identification of seventy-three clinical isolates of enteropathogens. | this study was performed to evaluate the analytical and practical performance of the matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (maldi-tof ms) compared to the sequencing method and the vitek 2 system for identification of enteropathogens in the clinical microbiology laboratory. | 2014 | 24822116 |
| campylobacter prosthetic joint infection. | a 75-year-old man was diagnosed with probable campylobacter jejuni prosthetic knee infection after a diarrheal illness. joint aspirate and operative cultures were negative, but pcr of prosthesis sonicate fluid was positive, as was stool culture. nineteen additional cases of campylobacter prosthetic joint infection reported in the literature are reviewed. | 2014 | 24523462 |
| cryptic ecology among host generalist campylobacter jejuni in domestic animals. | homologous recombination between bacterial strains is theoretically capable of preventing the separation of daughter clusters, and producing cohesive clouds of genotypes in sequence space. however, numerous barriers to recombination are known. barriers may be essential such as adaptive incompatibility, or ecological, which is associated with the opportunities for recombination in the natural habitat. campylobacter jejuni is a gut colonizer of numerous animal species and a major human enteric pat ... | 2014 | 24689900 |
| hygromycin b and apramycin antibiotic resistance cassettes for use in campylobacter jejuni. | campylobacter jejuni genetic manipulation is restricted by the limited number of antibiotic resistance cassettes available for use in this diarrheal pathogen. in this study, two antibiotic resistance cassettes were developed, encoding for hygromycin b and apramycin resistance, for use in mutagenesis or for selection of gene expression and complementation constructs in c. jejuni. first, the marker genes were successfully modified to allow for insertional mutagenesis or deletion of a gene-of-inter ... | 2014 | 24751825 |
| detection and molecular analysis of campylobacter ureolyticus in domestic animals. | previous studies showed the presence of campylobacter ureolyticus in a large proportion of diarrhoeal samples from patients in ireland. this emerging gastrointestinal pathogen was the second most common campylobacter species detected in patients presenting with gastroenteritis, surpassed only by c. jejuni. however, the source of c. ureolyticus infections in humans remains unknown. the aim of this study was to investigate the presence of c. ureolyticus in a range of domestic animals. over a perio ... | 2014 | 24739468 |
| colonisation of a phage susceptible campylobacter jejuni population in two phage positive broiler flocks. | the pathogens campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are commensals in the poultry intestine and campylobacteriosis is one of the most frequent foodborne diseases in developed and developing countries. phages were identified to be effective in reducing intestinal campylobacter load and this was evaluated, in the first field trials which were recently carried out. the aim of this study was to further investigate campylobacter population dynamics during phage application on a commercial broil ... | 2014 | 24733154 |
| draft genome sequence of campylobacter ureolyticus strain cit007, the first whole-genome sequence of a clinical isolate. | herein, we present the draft genome sequence of campylobacter ureolyticus. strain cit007 was isolated from a stool sample from an elderly female presenting with diarrheal illness and end-stage chronic renal disease. | 2014 | 24723712 |