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(e)-methylisoeugenol and elemicin: antibacterial components of daucus carota l. essential oil against campylobacter jejuni.the essential oil of wild daucus carota l. obtained from aerial parts at the end of the flowering stage (dceo) was reported as antimicrobial against the human enteropathogen campylobacter jejuni. the aim of the present study was to extend this analysis to other campylobacter species and to identify the active compounds of the essential oil, subjected to gc, gc-ms, and (13)c nmr analysis. a minimum inhibitory concentration assay was used to quantify the antimicrobial activity of dceo and the majo ...200717685629
crystal structure of the transcriptional regulator cmer from campylobacter jejuni.the cmeabc multidrug efflux pump, which belongs to the resistance-nodulation-division (rnd) family, recognizes and extrudes a broad range of antimicrobial agents and is essential for campylobacter jejuni colonization of the animal intestinal tract by mediating the efflux of bile acids. the expression of cmeabc is controlled by the transcriptional regulator cmer, whose open reading frame is located immediately upstream of the cmeabc operon. to understand the structural basis of cmer regulation, w ...200717686491
prevalence of resistance to 11 antimicrobials among campylobacter coill isolated from pigs on 80 grower-finisher farms in ontario.we carried out a cross-sectional study to investigate antimicrobial resistance patterns of campylobacter coli isolated from ontario grower-finisher pigs. from january to june 2004, 1200 samples were collected from 80 farms by obtaining a constant number (15) of fecal samples per farm. susceptibility of the isolates to 11 antimicrobial drugs was determined by the agar-dilution technique. the overall prevalence of resistance to 1 or more antimicrobials among the isolates was 99.2%. high levels of ...200717695593
antimicrobial resistance of 114 porcine isolates of campylobacter coli.campylobacter species were isolated from 24 pig farms in 10 different regions of korea, and were assayed with regard to their susceptibility to eight antimicrobial agents. a total of 114 campylobacter isolates from 572 intestinal samples were all identified as c. coli via both classical methods and molecular methods, including 16s rdna sequence analysis and polymerase chain reactions (pcr) using specific primer sets for the hippuricase gene and the aspartokinase gene, designed to differentiate c ...200717716763
genome dynamics of campylobacter jejuni in response to bacteriophage predation.campylobacter jejuni is a leading cause of food-borne illness. although a natural reservoir of the pathogen is domestic poultry, the degree of genomic diversity exhibited by the species limits the application of epidemiological methods to trace specific infection sources. bacteriophage predation is a common burden placed upon c. jejuni populations in the avian gut, and we show that amongst c. jejuni that survive bacteriophage predation in broiler chickens are bacteriophage-resistant types that d ...200717722979
microbiological evaluation of the new vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus identification card.vitek 2 is an automated identification system for diverse bacterial and fungal species. a new card (the neisseria-haemophilus [nh] card) for the identification of neisseria spp., haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative or gram-variable microorganisms has been developed, but its performance in a routine clinical laboratory has not yet been evaluated. in this study, a total of 188 bacterial strains belonging to the genera actinobacillus, campylobacter, capnocytophaga, cardiobacterium, ...200717728469
a collaborative study on a nordic standard protocol for detection and enumeration of thermotolerant campylobacter in food (nmkl 119, 3. ed., 2007).a nordic standard protocol for detection and enumeration of thermotolerant campylobacter in food has been elaborated (nmkl 119, 3. ed., 2007). performance and precision characteristics of this protocol were evaluated in a collaborative study with participation of 14 laboratories from seven european countries. the laboratories performed qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative analyses on samples of chicken meat, cut lettuce, and milk artificially inoculated with different concentrations i ...200717761333
high level of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter jejuni isolated from broiler chickens in estonia in 2005 and 2006.the development of antimicrobial resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli is a matter of increasing concern. because campylobacteriosis is transmitted to humans usually via food of animal origin, the presence of antimicrobial-resistant campylobacters in broiler chickens has important public health implications. the aim of our study was to analyze resistance patterns of c. jejuni isolated from fecal samples collected at a large estonian chicken farm, from cecal contents collected ...200717803154
development of macrolide-resistant campylobacter in broilers administered subtherapeutic or therapeutic concentrations of tylosin.the use of antimicrobials in food animal production, particularly those commonly used to treat infections in humans, has become a source of debate in recent years. however, limited data are available regarding the development of resistance following the subtherapeutic or therapeutic administration of antimicrobials in animal production. the objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of the administration of therapeutic and subtherapeutic concentrations of tylosin on the erythromycin susc ...200717803155
siderophore-based iron acquisition and pathogen control.high-affinity iron acquisition is mediated by siderophore-dependent pathways in the majority of pathogenic and nonpathogenic bacteria and fungi. considerable progress has been made in characterizing and understanding mechanisms of siderophore synthesis, secretion, iron scavenging, and siderophore-delivered iron uptake and its release. the regulation of siderophore pathways reveals multilayer networks at the transcriptional and posttranscriptional levels. due to the key role of many siderophores ...200717804665
acute childhood diarrhoea in northern ghana: epidemiological, clinical and microbiological characteristics.acute diarrhoea is a major cause of childhood morbidity and mortality in sub-saharan africa. its microbiological causes and clinico-epidemiological aspects were examined during the dry season 2005/6 in tamale, urban northern ghana.200717822541
campylobacter and bacterial gastroenteritis. 200717846438
[multi-pcr identification and virulence genes detection of campylobacter jejuni isolated from china].this study was to simultaneously identify campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates in china by multi-pcr assay and to study the prevalence of six virulence and toxin genes on them.200717850712
quorum sensing: fact, fiction, and everything in between. 200717869606
[acute pancreatitis - association with a campylobacter coli-infection].a 37-year-old male presented with intermittent abdominal pain and 9 kg weight loss within 3 weeks. gastroscopy showed no pathological findings, coloscopy showed a colitis limited to the left flexure. histology revealed a sustained infectious enterocolitis. a culture of the patient's stool was positive for campylobacter coli. because of the recurrent abdominal discomfort and weight loss the patient was admitted to the hospital. ultrasound and multislice spiral computed tomography showed an acute ...200717874359
a possible mechanism of macrolide resistance among multiple resistant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from thai children during 1991-2000.a total of 495 campylobacterjejuni and 122 c. coli isolated from thai children were screened for macrolide (erythromycin and azithromycin) resistance by disk diffusion assay. minimum inhibitory concentrations for erythromycin, azithromycin, nalidixic acid, ciprofloxacin, tetracycline, streptomycin, gentamicin and chloramphenicol were further determined for these macrolide-resistant campylobacter isolates. presence of known point mutations resulting in reduced susceptibility to macrolides was inv ...200717877226
relationships between bacterial genotypes and in vitro virulence properties of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from turkeys.campylobacter isolates from turkeys were genotyped and characterized by their in vitro virulence properties. relationships between bacterial genotypes and virulence properties were analysed.200717241349
campylobacter coli isolates derived from chickens in senegal: diversity, genetic exchange with campylobacter jejuni and quinolone resistance.we used the multilocus sequence typing (mlst) method to study the genetic diversity of campylobacter coli isolated from chickens in senegal, and to check the presence of genetic exchange with campylobacter jejuni. in addition, we assessed the resistance of the isolates to ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid, and their gyra sequences. mlst revealed a low level of diversity and the absence of lineages among c. coli isolates. in addition, an exchange of alleles with c. jejuni was found. twenty percent ...200717258435
characterization of campylobacter jejuni biofilms under defined growth conditions.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of human diarrheal disease in many industrialized countries and is a source of public health and economic burden. c. jejuni, present as normal flora in the intestinal tract of commercial broiler chickens and other livestock, is probably the main source of human infections. the presence of c. jejuni in biofilms found in animal production watering systems may play a role in the colonization of these animals. we have determined that c. jejuni can form biofilms ...200717259368
comparison of disk diffusion and agar dilution methods for erythromycin and ciprofloxacin susceptibility testing of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni.disk diffusion was a reliable, easy, and inexpensive method for testing the susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni to erythromycin (215 susceptible and 45 resistant isolates) and to ciprofloxacin (154 susceptible, two intermediate, and 124 resistant isolates) using, respectively, an erythromycin disk and ciprofloxacin and nalidixic acid disks.200717261628
identification of putative zinc hydrolase genes of the metallo-beta-lactamase superfamily from campylobacter jejuni.dna fragments encoding two putative zinc-dependent hydrolases, designated glx2-1 and glx2-2, from a clinical isolate of campylobacter jejuni, strain 012, were cloned and sequenced. glx2-1 was encoded by a sequence of 798 bp and glx2-2 by a sequence of 597 bp. the amino acid sequences deduced from c. jejuni dna showed 99% and 100% identity, respectively, to putative zinc hydrolases reported from c. jejuni atcc strain 11168, and also shared identity (28-43%) with several hypothetical conserved pro ...200717266723
succession in the intestinal microbiota of preadolescent turkeys.in the present study, automated ribosomal intergenic spacer analysis (arisa), library sequence analysis, real-time pcr detection of bacteroides uniformis and campylobacter coli and dot-blot hybridizations of clostridiaceae were used to identify trends in microbial colonization of the ceca of male turkeys. two separate trials were performed with six and five birds, respectively. arisa community profiles identified a period of community transition at week 12 of age in both trials. a significant in ...200717284250
clonal population structure and specific genotypes of multidrug-resistant campylobacter coli from turkeys.commercial turkey flocks in north carolina have been found to be colonized frequently with campylobacter coli strains that are resistant to several antimicrobials (tetracycline, streptomycin, erythromycin, kanamycin, and ciprofloxacin/nalidixic acid). such strains have been designated multidrug resistant (mdr). however, the population structure of mdr c. coli from turkeys remains poorly characterized. in this study, an analysis of multilocus sequence typing (mlst)-based sequence types (sts) of 5 ...200717293500
evaluation of an enzyme immunoassay-based stool antigen test to detect campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.an enzyme immunoassay-based antigen test (ridascreen campylobacter; r-biopharm, darmstadt, germany) was evaluated for the detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in 1050 clinical stool samples as compared with culture on selective medium. after routine inoculation for salmonella, shigella, yersinia, aeromonas, plesiomonas, and campylobacter, the same swab specimens were used for the antigen test. the positivity rate for campylobacter was 9.3% in culture, and the antigen test gav ...200717300899
evaluating antibiotics for use in medicine using a poloxamer biofilm model.wound infections, due to biofilms, are a constant problem because of their recalcitrant nature towards antibiotics. appropriate antibiotic selection for the treatment of these biofilm infections is important. the traditional in vitro disc diffusion method for antibiotic selection uses bacterial cultures grown on agar plates. however, the form of bacterial growth on agar is not representative of how bacteria grow in wounds and other tissue sites as here bacteria grow naturally in a biofilm. the a ...200717302978
antimicrobial resistance of arcobacter and campylobacter from broiler carcasses.the antimicrobial resistance of arcobacter (n=174) and campylobacter (n=215) isolated from broiler carcasses in a us poultry processing plant was examined. for arcobacter, 93.7% (n=163) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials and 71.8% (n=125) were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. for campylobacter, 99.5% (n=214) were resistant to one or more antimicrobials and 28.4% (n=61) were resistant to two or more antimicrobials. arcobacter butzleri isolates were particularly resistant to clin ...200717303391
emerging fluoroquinolone and macrolide resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolates and their serotypes in thai children from 1991 to 2000.this study investigated fluoroquinolone, macrolide resistances and serotype distributions among campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from children in bangkok and rural settings during 1991-2000. phenotypic identification, serotyping, and susceptibility testing were performed by standard microbiological procedures. the predominant serotypes of c. jejuni were lior 36, 2 and 4 and of c. coli were lior 8, 29 and 55. resistance to nalidixic acid increased significantly during 1991-200 ...200717306054
dissemination of antimicrobial resistant strains of campylobacter coli and campylobacter jejuni among cattle in washington state and california.the purpose of this study was to investigate the genetic similarity of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli with similar antimicrobial resistance phenotypes, isolated from cattle on different farms and at different times, in order to evaluate the possible existence of disseminated antimicrobial resistant clones. pfge after smai and kpni restriction identified 23 and 16 distinct pfge patterns among 29 c. jejuni and 66 c. coli isolates, respectively. in c. coli, 51 (77%) of the resistant is ...200717321701
peptide transport in helicobacter pylori: roles of dpp and opp systems and evidence for additional peptide transporters.despite research into the nutritional requirements of helicobacter pylori, little is known regarding its use of complex substrates, such as peptides. analysis of genome sequences revealed putative abc-type transporter genes for dipeptide (dppabcdf) and oligopeptide (oppabcd) transport. genes from each system were pcr amplified, cloned, and disrupted by cassette insertion either individually (dppa, dppb, dppc, oppa, oppb, and oppc) or to create double mutants (dppa oppa, dppb oppb, dppb dppc, and ...200717322309
a phylogenomic analysis of the actinomycetales mce operons.the genome of mycobacterium tuberculosis harbors four copies of a cluster of genes termed mce operons. despite extensive research that has demonstrated the importance of these operons on infection outcome, their physiological function remains obscure. expanding databases of complete microbial genome sequences facilitate a comparative genomic approach that can provide valuable insight into the role of uncharacterized proteins.200717324287
identification of genomic differences between campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni and c. jejuni subsp. doylei at the nap locus leads to the development of a c. jejuni subspeciation multiplex pcr method.the human bacterial pathogen campylobacter jejuni contains two subspecies: c. jejuni subsp. jejuni (cjj) and c. jejuni subsp. doylei (cjd). although cjd strains are isolated infrequently in many parts of the world, they are obtained primarily from human clinical samples and result in an unusual clinical symptomatology in that, in addition to gastroenteritis, they are associated often with bacteremia. in this study, we describe a novel multiplex pcr method, based on the nitrate reductase (nap) lo ...200717328805
kinetics of the human antibody response against salmonella enterica serovars enteritidis and typhimurium determined by lipopolysaccharide enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay.two indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (elisas) were employed to measure levels of immunoglobulin g (igg), igm, and iga antibodies against salmonella in sera from 303 danish patients diagnosed by fecal culture with either salmonella enterica serovar enteritidis or salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium infections. the elisas were based on serovar enteritidis lipopolysaccharide (lps) and serovar typhimurium lps. the antibody levels were assessed approximately 1, 3, 6, and 12 months afte ...200717329442
antisense rna modulation of alkyl hydroperoxide reductase levels in helicobacter pylori correlates with organic peroxide toxicity but not infectivity.much of the gene content of the human gastric pathogen helicobacter pylori ( approximately 1.7-mb genome) is considered essential. this view is based on the completeness of metabolic pathways, infrequency of nutritional auxotrophies, and paucity of pathway redundancies typically found in bacteria with larger genomes. thus, genetic analysis of gene function is often hampered by lethality. in the absence of controllable promoters, often used to titrate gene function, we investigated the feasibilit ...200717337572
novel campylobacter isolation method using hydrophobic grid membrane filter and semisolid medium.culture procedures for isolation of thermophilic campylobacters from food matrices are complex, labor intensive, and time-consuming. most available methods include the use of antibiotics as selective agents to prevent the growth of competing microflora. a simple procedure for isolation of thermophilic campylobacters after enrichment in rosef's enrichment broth was developed using a hydrophobic grid membrane filter (hgmf) on semisolid medium (ssm). ssm contains no antibiotics, and the hgmf physic ...200717340869
comparison of the localization and post-translational modification of campylobacter coli cjac and its homolog from campylobacter jejuni, cj0734c/hisj.campylobacter is an asaccharolytic microorganism which uses amino acids as a source of carbon and energy. cjac/hisj is a ligand-binding protein, a component of the abc transport system. campylobacter cjac/hisj is post-translationally modified by glycosylation. the number of glycosylation motifs present in the cjac protein is species-specific. c. coli cjac has two and c. jejuni one motif (e/dxnys/t) which serves as a glycan acceptor. although the two c. coli cjac motifs have identical amino-acid ...200717351673
comparative analysis of cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) genes among campylobacter jejuni, c. coli and c. fetus strains.the cytolethal distending toxin (cdt) gene clusters of campylobacter coli strain co1-243 and c. fetus strain col-187 were cloned and sequenced to understand the importance of cdt as a virulence factor. the cdt genes of c. coli and c. fetus consist of three closely linked genes termed cdta, cdtb, cdtc whose sizes are 774, 801, and 570 bp, and 702, 798, and 546 bp, respectively. the homologies of each subunit of cdt genes between c. jejuni and c. coli, c. jejuni and c. fetus, or c. coli and c. fet ...200717353111
effect of macrolide usage on emergence of erythromycin-resistant campylobacter isolates in chickens.in this work we conducted both in vitro and in vivo experiments to examine the development and mechanisms of erythromycin (ery) resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. in vitro plating revealed that both campylobacter species had similar but low spontaneous mutation frequencies (3 x 10(-9) to <5.41 x 10(-10)) for ery resistance. chickens infected with c. jejuni or c. coli were subjected to single or multiple treatments with medicated water containing tylosin (0.53 g/liter), wh ...200717353243
distribution and genetic variability among campylobacter spp. isolates from different animal species and humans in switzerland.in switzerland, a national database with 1028 campylobacter isolates from poultry, pigs, cats, dogs, cattle, humans, zoo animals and water has been created. the database contains the genetic fingerprint and background information of each campylobacter isolate. dominant species could be identified in the different sources with a majority of campylobacter jejuni in poultry (73%), humans (79%), cattle (95%), zoo animals (40%) and water (100%), of campylobacter coli in pigs (72%), and of campylobact ...200717359440
campylobacter reactive arthritis: a systematic review.to review the literature on the epidemiology of campylobacter-associated reactive arthritis (rea).200717360026
prevalence of campylobacter spp. in cattle in finland and antimicrobial susceptibilities of bovine campylobacter jejuni strains.the study investigated the prevalence of campylobacter spp. in finnish cattle at slaughter and carcass contamination after slaughter. during the period january to december 2003, bovine rectal fecal samples (n=952) and carcass surface samples (n=948) from 12 out of 15 finnish slaughterhouses were examined. in total, campylobacters were detected in 31.1% of fecal samples and in 3.5% of carcass surface samples. campylobacter jejuni was isolated from 19.5%, campylobacter coli from 2.2%, and presumpt ...200717369335
characterization of genetically matched isolates of campylobacter jejuni reveals that mutations in genes involved in flagellar biosynthesis alter the organism's virulence potential.phenotypic and genotypic evidence suggests that not all campylobacter jejuni isolates are pathogenic for humans. we hypothesized that differences in gene content or gene expression alter the degree of pathogenicity of c. jejuni isolates. a c. jejuni isolate (turkey) recovered from a turkey and a second c. jejuni isolate (cs) recovered from a chicken differed in their degrees of in vitro and in vivo virulence. the c. jejuni turkey isolate invaded int 407 human epithelial cells and secreted the ci ...200717369342
targeted metabolomics analysis of campylobacter coli vc167 reveals legionaminic acid derivatives as novel flagellar glycans.glycosylation of campylobacter flagellin is required for the biogenesis of a functional flagella filament. recently, we used a targeted metabolomics approach using mass spectrometry and nmr to identify changes in the metabolic profile of wild type and mutants in the flagellar glycosylation locus, characterize novel metabolites, and assign function to genes to define the pseudaminic acid biosynthetic pathway in campylobacter jejuni 81-176 (mcnally, d. j., hui, j. p., aubry, a. j., mui, k. k., gue ...200717371878
a helicobacter hepaticus catalase mutant is hypersensitive to oxidative stress and suffers increased dna damage.catalase (kata) is known to play an important role in oxidative stress resistance in many bacterial species and a homologue exists in helicobacter hepaticus, a member of the enterohepatic helicobacter species. here, a kata mutant was constructed by insertional mutagenesis and its oxidative stress phenotype was investigated. catalase activity was readily detected [196 units (mg protein crude cell extract)(-1)] in the wild-type, whereas the mutant strain was deficient in, but not devoid of, activi ...200717374900
a genotyping investigation of the colonization of piglets by campylobacter coli in the first 10 weeks of life.to examine the campylobacter genotypes colonizing a litter of piglets during the first 10 weeks of life and compare them with those of the sow.200717381734
prevalence, numbers, and subtypes of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in uncooked retail meat samples.a national quantitative survey of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in 1,011 uncooked retail meat samples (beef, unweaned veal, chicken, lamb and mutton, and pork) was undertaken from august 2003 to june 2004 to establish baseline proportionality data. the presence, number, and type of campylobacter present in each sample was assessed. prevalences of c. jejuni and c. coli were 89.1% in chicken, 9.1% in pork, 6.9% in lamb and mutton, 3.5% in beef, and 10% in unweaned veal. c. jejuni was ...200717388043
helicobacter pylori is invasive and it may be a facultative intracellular organism.the pathogenicity of many bacteria colonizing the gastrointestinal tract often depends on their ability to gain access to cells that are normally non-phagocytic. helicobacter pylori colonizes the stomach of over half the world population and is the main cause of peptic ulcer disease and gastric cancer. it is generally considered to be a non-invasive pathogen present only in the lumen of the stomach and attached to gastric epithelial cells although a number of in vivo and in vitro studies have de ...200717388791
antibiotic resistance in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from poultry in the south-east queensland region.the aim of this study was to determine the antimicrobial resistance patterns of 125 campylobacter jejuni and 27 campylobacter coli isolates from 39 queensland broiler farms.200717392353
detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in chicken meat samples by real-time nucleic acid sequence-based amplification with molecular beacons.a nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (nasba) assay based on molecular beacons was used for real-time detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in samples of chicken meat. a set of specific primers and beacon probe were designed to target the 16s rrna of both species. the real-time nasba protocol including the rna isolation was valid for both of the cell suspensions in buffered saline and the artificially contaminated chicken meat samples. the presence of rrna could be corre ...200717395329
detection and identification of bacterial enteropathogens by polymerase chain reaction and conventional techniques in childhood acute gastroenteritis in gaza, palestine.acute gastroenteritis and diarrhea are common and costly problems that cause significant morbidity and mortality in children worldwide. in palestine, diarrhea is one of the major causes of outpatient visits and hospitalizations.200717398132
thermophilic campylobacter spp. in salad vegetables in malaysia.the main aim of this study was to combine the techniques of most probable number (mpn) and polymerase chain reaction (pcr) for quantifying the prevalence and numbers of campylobacter spp. in ulam, a popular malaysian salad dish, from a traditional wet market and two modern supermarkets in selangor, malaysia. a total of 309 samples of raw vegetables which are used in ulam were examined in the study. the prevalences of campylobacters in raw vegetables were, for supermarket i, campylobacter spp., 5 ...200717399832
high-resolution dna melt curve analysis of the clustered, regularly interspaced short-palindromic-repeat locus of campylobacter jejuni.a novel method for genotyping the clustered, regularly interspaced short-palindromic-repeat (crispr) locus of campylobacter jejuni is described. following real-time pcr, crispr products were subjected to high-resolution melt (hrm) analysis, a new technology that allows precise melt profile determination of amplicons. this investigation shows that the crispr hrm assay provides a powerful addition to existing c. jejuni genotyping methods and emphasizes the potential of hrm for genotyping short seq ...200717400785
characterization of a novel bifunctional dihydropteroate synthase/dihydropteroate reductase enzyme from helicobacter pylori.tetrahydrofolate is a ubiquitous c(1) carrier in many biosynthetic pathways in bacteria, importantly, in the biosynthesis of formylmethionyl trna(fmet), which is essential for the initiation of translation. the final step in the biosynthesis of tetrahydrofolate is carried out by the enzyme dihydrofolate reductase (dhfr). a search of the complete genome sequence of helicobacter pylori failed to reveal any sequence that encodes dhfr. previous studies demonstrated that the h. pylori dihydropteroate ...200717416665
detection and genotyping of arcobacter and campylobacter isolates from retail chicken samples by use of dna oligonucleotide arrays.to explore the use of dna microarrays for pathogen detection in food, we produced dna oligonucleotide arrays to simultaneously determine the presence of arcobacter and the presence of campylobacter in retail chicken samples. probes were selected that target housekeeping and virulence-associated genes in both arcobacter butzleri and thermotolerant campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. these microarrays showed a high level of probe specificity; the signal intensities detected for a. butzler ...200717416693
detection of thermotolerant campylobacter in ostriches (struthio camelus) in italy.during the period january 2004 to december 2005 four different ostrich farms were investigated to evaluate the presence of thermotolerant campylobacter. a total of 150 ostriches were examined and all were found to be clinically healthy. campylobacter spp. were isolated from 60/150 cloacal swabs. among the isolates, 48 were identified as campylobacter jejuni whereas the remainder were identified as campylobacter coli. campylobacter lari was not isolated. the ostriches, although apparently in a he ...200716959506
fla-dgge analysis of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in cecal samples of broilers without cultivation.in a commercial broiler flock during rearing multiple genotypes of campylobacter jejuni may be present as well as in gastrointestinal tracts of individual birds. the aim of this study was to optimize and apply a denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis assay of the flagellin gene (fla-dgge) for analysis of c. jejuni and campylobacter coli in cecal samples of broilers without prior cultivation. one c. coli and 21 c. jejuni strains isolated from broiler flocks, of which 14 typed as unique by restri ...200817890022
risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in reported campylobacter infections in southern alberta.we conducted a case-control study examining risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in campylobacter infections that were reported in 2004 and 2005 in two health regions in southern alberta. the study questionnaire included questions about recent travel and antibiotic use, food consumption frequency, use of household and personal hygiene products with antibacterial agents, contact with animals, and potential misuse of antibiotics. of the 210 patients who participated, 31.0% had ciprofloxacin-r ...200817678560
risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in reported campylobacter infections in southern alberta.we conducted a case-control study examining risk factors for ciprofloxacin resistance in campylobacter infections that were reported in 2004 and 2005 in two health regions in southern alberta. the study questionnaire included questions about recent travel and antibiotic use, food consumption frequency, use of household and personal hygiene products with antibacterial agents, contact with animals, and potential misuse of antibiotics. of the 210 patients who participated, 31.0% had ciprofloxacin-r ...200817678560
viral, bacterial and parasitic etiology of pediatric diarrhea in gaza, palestine.to determine the etiology of acute diarrhea in palestinian children under 5 years of age and to improve knowledge of the etiology of gastrointestinal pathogens using traditional and molecular diagnostic techniques.200818523397
ccaat/enhancer binding protein beta is a major mediator of inflammation and viral replication in the gastrointestinal tract of simian immunodeficiency virus-infected rhesus macaques.the gastrointestinal tract (git) is a major target of infection with human immunodeficiency virus (hiv) and simian immunodeficiency virus (siv). chronic git disease and inflammation are common sequelae to hiv/siv infection. nonetheless, the molecular mechanisms that cause and maintain git dysfunction remain unclear. we investigated the contribution of ccaat/enhancer-binding protein beta (c/ebpbeta) to git disease and viral replication in jejunum and colon collected at necropsy from 12 siv-infect ...200818535173
key role of mfd in the development of fluoroquinolone resistance in campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is a major food-borne pathogen and a common causative agent of human enterocolitis. fluoroquinolones are a key class of antibiotics prescribed for clinical treatment of enteric infections including campylobacteriosis, but fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter readily emerges under the antibiotic selection pressure. to understand the mechanisms involved in the development of fluoroquinolone-resistant campylobacter, we compared the gene expression profiles of c. jejuni in th ...200818535657
helicobacter hepaticus hhgi1 is a pathogenicity island associated with typhlocolitis in b6.129-il10 tm1cgn mice.helicobacter hepaticus strain 3b1 (h. hepaticus) contains a genomic island of approximately 71 kb, hhgi1, with some of the common features shared among known bacterial pathogenicity islands. in this study, we characterized the pathogenic potential of hhgi1 by infecting b6.129-il10 tm1cgn (il10-/-) mice with an isogenic mutant (namely hhpaid1) lacking 19 predicted genes within hhgi1. in contrast to h. hepaticus (p<0.001), hhpaid1 did not cause typhlocolitis and hyperplasia in il10-/- mice. coloni ...200818538610
sensitive and rapid detection of cholera toxin-producing vibrio cholerae using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification.vibrio cholerae is widely acknowledged as one of the most important waterborne pathogen causing gastrointestinal disorders. cholera toxin (ct) is a major virulence determinant of v. cholerae. detection of ct-producing v. cholerae using conventional culture-, biochemical- and immunological-based assays is time-consuming and laborious, requiring more than three days. thus, we developed a novel and highly specific loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the sensitive and rapid detec ...200818547441
expression, purification, and structural characterization of cfra, a putative iron transporter from campylobacter jejuni.the gene for the campylobacter ferric receptor (cfra), a putative iron-siderophore transporter in the enteric food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni, was cloned, and the membrane protein was expressed in escherichia coli, affinity purified, and then reconstituted into model lipid membranes. fourier transform infrared spectra recorded from the membrane-reconstituted cfra are similar to spectra that have been recorded from other iron-siderophore transporters and are highly characteristic of a be ...200818556796
effect of putative efflux pump inhibitors and inducers on the antimicrobial susceptibility of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.the cmeabc efflux pump plays an important role in the antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the aim of this investigation was to study the effect of putative efflux pump inhibitors, phenyl-arginine-beta-naphthylamide (pabetan) and 1-(1-naphthylmethyl)-piperazine (nmp), as well as the effect of putative efflux pump inducers, sodium salicylate and sodium deoxycholate, on the mic levels of erythromycin, ciprofloxacin, kanamycin, tetracycline and rifampicin for c. ...200818566143
influxed insects as vectors for campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in danish broiler houses.the vector potential of flies (diptera: brachycera) for spread of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli on 5 danish broiler farms was evaluated in a longitudinal field study from april to november 2004. first, the prevalence of c. jejuni- and c. coli-positive flies was determined in 2,816 flies captured from farm surroundings. each individual fly was macerated, preenriched in bolton broth for 24 h at 42 degrees c, streaked onto modified campylobater blood-free selective agar and incubated ...200818577626
multicenter evaluation of the new vitek 2 neisseria-haemophilus identification card.the new neisseria-haemophilus identification (nh) card for vitek 2 was compared with 16s rrna gene sequencing (16s) as the reference method for accurate identification of neisseria spp., haemophilus spp., and other fastidious gram-negative bacteria. testing was performed on the vitek 2 xl system with modified software at three clinical trial laboratories. reproducibility was determined with nine atcc quality control strains tested 20 times over a minimum of 10 days at all three sites. a challeng ...200818579712
the campylobacter jejuni/coli cjaa (cj0982c) gene encodes an n-glycosylated lipoprotein localized in the inner membrane.the campylobacter coli 72dz/92 cjaa gene (orthologue of cj0982c of c. jejuni nctc 11168) product is a highly immunogenic, amino acid-binding protein. cjaa was palmitic acid-modified when processed in e. coli. in addition, site-directed mutagenesis of the cys residue of the laac motif of its signal sequence confirmed that cjaa is a lipoprotein when processed in campylobacter. localization of the protein appeared to be host dependent. in campylobacter, cjaa was recovered mainly as an inner-membran ...200818584243
cytokine responses in primary chicken embryo intestinal cells infected with campylobacter jejuni strains of human and chicken origin and the expression of bacterial virulence-associated genes.campylobacter jejuni is a major cause of inflammatory diarrhoea in humans and is considered a commensal of the gastroenteric tract of the avian host. however, little is known about the interaction between c. jejuni and the avian host including the cytokine responses and the expression of the bacterial genes. we have investigated the invasiveness of primary chicken embryo intestinal cells (ceics) by c. jejuni strains of human and chicken origins and the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines as ...200818588667
the haemophilus influenzae hmw1 adhesin is a glycoprotein with an unusual n-linked carbohydrate modification.the haemophilus influenzae hmw1 adhesin mediates adherence to respiratory epithelial cells, a critical early step in the pathogenesis of h. influenzae disease. in recent work, we demonstrated that hmw1 undergoes glycosylation. in addition, we observed that glycosylation of hmw1 is essential for hmw1 tethering to the bacterial surface, a prerequisite for hmw1-mediated adherence to host epithelium. in this study, we examined hmw1 proteolytic fragments by mass spectrometry, achieved 89% amino acid ...200818621734
real-time pcr detection of pathogenic microorganisms in roof-harvested rainwater in southeast queensland, australia.in this study, the microbiological quality of roof-harvested rainwater was assessed by monitoring the concentrations of escherichia coli, enterococci, clostridium perfringens, and bacteroides spp. in rainwater obtained from tanks in southeast queensland, australia. samples were also tested using real-time pcr (with sybr green i dye) for the presence of potential pathogenic microorganisms. of the 27 rainwater samples tested, 17 (63%), 21 (78%), 13 (48%), and 24 (89%) were positive for e. coli, en ...200818621865
baseline data from a belgium-wide survey of campylobacter species contamination in chicken meat preparations and considerations for a reliable monitoring program.from february to november 2007, chicken meat preparations (n = 656) were sampled at 11 processing companies across belgium. all samples were tested for campylobacter by enrichment culture and by direct plating according to standard methods. almost half (48.02%) of the samples were positive for campylobacter spp. the mean campylobacter count was 1.68 log(10) cfu/g with a standard deviation of +/- 0.64 log(10) cfu/g. the study revealed a statistically significant variation in campylobacter contami ...200818621867
host-pathogen interactions in campylobacter infections: the host perspective.campylobacter is a major cause of acute bacterial diarrhea in humans worldwide. this study was aimed at summarizing the current understanding of host mechanisms involved in the defense against campylobacter by evaluating data available from three sources: (i) epidemiological observations, (ii) observations of patients, and (iii) experimental observations including observations of animal models and human volunteer studies. analysis of available data clearly indicates that an effective immune syst ...200818625685
combined treatment with oral kanamycin and parenteral antibiotics for a case of persistent bacteremia and intestinal carriage with campylobacter coli.campylobacter coli (c. coli) is a rare pathogen of bacteremia, but in immunocompromised hosts, c. coli occasionally causes bacteremia which can be refractory to antibiotic treatment. we report a case of c. coli bacteremia in a patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia. bacteremia relapsed repeatedly in spite of treatment with combined intravenous antibiotics. c. coli was observed in the biopsy specimens from the intestinal mucosa, suggesting intestinal carriage and reservoir of recurring infectio ...200818628588
campylobacter-induced interleukin-8 secretion in polarized human intestinal epithelial cells requires campylobacter-secreted cytolethal distending toxin- and toll-like receptor-mediated activation of nf-kappab.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli colonize and infect the intestinal epithelium and cause acute inflammatory diarrhea. the intestinal epithelium serves as a physical barrier to, and a sensor of, bacterial infection by secreting proinflammatory cytokines. this study examined the mechanisms for campylobacter-induced secretion of the proinflammatory chemokine interleukin-8 (il-8) by using polarized t84 human colonic epithelial cells as a model. c. jejuni increased the secretion of both il ...200818644884
diversity of pulsed-field gel electrophoresis profiles of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from broiler chickens in france.in 2003 to 2004, 26 free-range broilers flocks excreting campylobacter were studied for identification of campylobacter species and genotype diversity. seventeen flocks were sampled at the end of the indoor rearing period and 9 before departure to the slaughterhouse after access to an open area. out of 513 isolates, 315 were identified as campylobacter jejuni and 198 as campylobacter coli. pulsed-field gel electrophoresis analysis revealed 35 genotypes for c. jejuni and 43 genotypes for c. coli; ...200818648064
flagellar glycosylation in clostridium botulinum.flagellins from clostridium botulinum were shown to be post-translationally modified with novel glycan moieties by top-down ms analysis of purified flagellin protein from strains of various toxin serotypes. detailed analyses of flagellin from two strains of c. botulinum demonstrated that the protein is modified by a novel glycan moiety of mass 417 da in o-linkage. bioinformatic analysis of available c. botulinum genomes identified a flagellar glycosylation island containing homologs of genes rec ...200818671733
genomic evidence for interspecies acquisition of chromosomal dna from campylobacter jejuni by campylobacter coli strains of a turkey-associated clonal group (cluster ii).previous multilocus sequence typing studies of campylobacter coli from meat animals identified an unusual cluster of strains, primarily from turkeys, termed "cluster ii" and characterized by the presence of the c. jejuni aspa103 allele. to characterize the extent of genomic input from c. jejuni in the aspa region of cluster ii c. coli, we sequenced the 6.1 kb genomic region upstream of and including aspa from two turkey-derived cluster ii strains (c. coli 6979 and c. coli 7474, of st-1150 and st ...200818673073
role of the helicobacter hepaticus flagellar sigma factor flia in gene regulation and murine colonization.the enterohepatic helicobacter species helicobacter hepaticus colonizes the murine intestinal and hepatobiliary tract and is associated with chronic intestinal inflammation, gall stone formation, hepatitis, and hepatocellular carcinoma. thus far, the role of h. hepaticus motility and flagella in intestinal colonization is unknown. in other, closely related bacteria, late flagellar genes are mainly regulated by the sigma factor flia (sigma(28)). we investigated the function of the h. hepaticus fl ...200818689480
differential effects of temperature on natural transformation to erythromycin and nalidixic acid resistance in campylobacter coli.campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli are naturally competent, but limited information exists on the impact of environmental conditions on transformation. in this study, we investigated the impact of temperature and microaerobic versus aerobic atmosphere on transformation of c. coli to erythromycin and nalidixic acid resistance. frequency of transformation was not significantly different between microaerobic (5 to 10% co(2)) and aerobic conditions. however, c. coli was transformed to eryth ...200818708520
assessment of the stability of cell-surface components of microorganisms by maldi-tof-ms following preservation on lenticule discs.strains representing the species campylobacter coli, escherichia coli, listeria monocytogenes, pseudomonas aeruginosa, salmonella enterica, and staphylococcus aureus were randomly selected to assess the consistency of cells preserved on lenticule discs to those archived in traditional freeze-dried ampoules. each matched pair was cultured using identical conditions and analysed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (ms) to profile the surface-associated m ...200818717884
restoration of flagellar biosynthesis by varied mutational events in campylobacter jejuni.both a complex regulatory cascade involving the flgsr two-component system and phase variation control expression of sigma(54)-dependent flagellar genes in campylobacter jejuni. in this study, mutational mechanisms influencing production of the flgs histidine kinase were discovered. random non-motile, non-flagellated flgs variants were impaired for growth in the chick intestinal tract. spontaneous revertants restored for flagellar biosynthesis, gene expression, and motility identified by in vivo ...200818761684
the effect of chilling in cold air or ice water on the microbiological quality of broiler carcasses and the population of campylobacter.cold air or ice water can be used to chill poultry carcasses after slaughter. the objective of this study was to compare the effect of 2 chill methods on broiler carcass bacteria. broiler carcasses were cut in half along the dorsal-ventral midline; one half was subjected to an ice-water immersion chill in an agitated bath for 50 min, whereas the reciprocal half was subjected to an air chill in a 1 degrees c cold room for 150 min. total aerobic bacteria, coliforms, escherichia coli, and campyloba ...200818420993
competing isogenic campylobacter strains exhibit variable population structures in vivo.consumption of poultry contaminated with campylobacter jejuni is a risk factor for human gastrointestinal disease. the rational development of control strategies for campylobacter within chickens requires an understanding of the colonization process at the molecular and population levels, both within and between hosts. experiments employing competing strains of campylobacter have been used to investigate colonization. implicit in these studies is the assumption that the behavior of competing str ...200818424530
longitudinal study of the molecular epidemiology of campylobacter jejuni in cattle on dairy farms.multilocus sequence typing (mlst), an accurate and phylogenetically robust characterization method for population studies of campylobacter, was applied to campylobacter jejuni isolates (n = 297) from the fecal samples of cattle from five dairy farms in cheshire, united kingdom, collected throughout 2003. the population dynamics of the c. jejuni strains, as identified by the occurrence of sequence types and clonal complexes, demonstrated variations within and between cattle populations over time. ...200818424539
comparative genomic analysis of clinical strains of campylobacter jejuni from south africa.campylobacter jejuni is a common cause of acute gastroenteritis and is also associated with the post-infectious neuropathies, guillain-barré and miller fisher syndromes. in the cape town area of south africa, c. jejuni strains with penner heat-stable (hs) serotype hs:41 have been observed to be overrepresented among cases of guillain-barré syndrome. the present study examined the genetic content of a collection of 32 south african c. jejuni strains with different serotypes, including 13 hs:41 st ...200818431496
the first report on campylobacter coli family outbreak detected in poland in 2006.a family outbreak of gastroenteritis caused by campylobacter coli occurred in may 2006 in bielsko-biala, in the south of poland. four members of a family had non-bloody diarrhea and abdominal cramps. c. coli were isolated in three of the four patients. pfge and pcr-rflp-flaa patterns confirmed the link between cases, showing the usefulness of these methods in outbreak investigation. at the same time, the epidemiological and environmental investigations of this outbreak were very limited and did ...200818445405
performance of a 70-mer oligonucleotide microarray for genotyping of campylobacter jejuni.campylobacter jejuni is widespread in the environment and is the major cause of bacterial gastroenteritis in humans. in the present study we use microarray-based comparative genomic hybridizations (cgh), pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (pfge) and multilocus sequence typing (mlst) to analyze closely related c. jejuni isolates from chicken and human infection.200818462507
detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli from broiler chicken-related samples using bax pcr and conventional international organization for standardization culture.in this study, the conventional international organization for standardization (iso) culture method was compared with the dupont qualicon bax system, a high-throughput, rapid molecular assay that can be used to detect several bacterial species, including campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli in diverse sample types. standard enrichment culture is a time-consuming process, taking up to 6 days to obtain a confirmed result. rapid molecular assays have been developed that provide results withi ...200818468043
the omp50 gene is transcriptionally controlled by a temperature-dependent mechanism conserved among thermophilic campylobacter species.the thermophilic campylobacters are enteropathogenic for humans. we recently showed that omp50 is a campylobacter species-specific porin produced in campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter lari but not in campylobacter coli. in the present study, we investigated regulation of the omp50 gene and found that its expression in c. jejuni was temperature-dependent, but independent of growth phase or medium viscosity. the use of rt-pcr and omp50::lacz fusions showed that growth temperature control occur ...200818485677
identification of nine sequence types of the 16s rrna genes of campylobacter jejuni subsp. jejuni isolated from broilers.campylobacter is the most commonly reported bacterial cause of enteritis in humans in the eu member states and other industrialized countries. one significant source of infection is broilers and consumption of undercooked broiler meat. campylobacter jejuni is the campylobacter sp. predominantly found in infected humans and colonized broilers. sequence analysis of the 16s rrna gene is very useful for identification of bacteria to genus and species level. the objectives in this study were to deter ...200818492293
antimicrobial use through feed, water, and injection in 20 swine farms in alberta and saskatchewan.antimicrobial resistance (amr) is an emerging animal welfare and public health issue linked to antimicrobial use (amu) in livestock. this study was conducted in 2004 on 20 swine farms in alberta and saskatchewan. on-farm records and questionnaires were used to retrospectively describe the antimicrobial exposures of pigs through feed, water, and injection. antimicrobial use in all production categories was described over 12 months. on-farm records and questionnaires provided sufficient data to de ...200818505203
comparison of agar dilution and e-test for antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter coil isolates recovered from 80 ontario swine farms.the primary aim of this study was to evaluate the level of agreement of the e-test for in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility testing of campylobacter coli using the agar dilution technique, which is the approved method. a convenience sample of 80 ontario swine farms was chosen for this study; each farm was visited from january to june 2004. a total of 233 isolates of c. coli were tested for susceptibility to 10 antimicrobials by agar dilution and the e-test. performance of the tests was evaluate ...200818505206
prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance of fecal escherichia coil among pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish farms with different in-feed medication policies in ontario and british columbia.the main objectives of this study were to determine the prevalence and patterns of antimicrobial resistance in pigs on farms that medicated swine ration and those that did not. a total of 940 isolates of escherichia coli from 188 pooled fecal samples obtained from weaner and finisher pigs on 47 farrow-to-finish swine farms (34 farms used in-feed medication and 13 did not) were tested for susceptibility to 21 antimicrobials using a breakpoint concentration method. the prevalence of resistance var ...200818505210
occurrence and genotypes of campylobacter in broiler flocks, other farm animals, and the environment during several rearing periods on selected poultry farms.on 15 swiss poultry farms, broiler flocks, other farm animals, and the environment were examined during consecutive rearing periods to investigate the occurrence and genetic diversity of campylobacter. of the 5154 collected samples, 311 (6%) from 14 farms were campylobacter positive by culture. amongst the positive samples, 228 tested positive for campylobacter jejuni and 92 for campylobacter coli. positive samples originated from broilers, the broiler houses, cattle, pigs, bantams, laying hens, ...200818508146
the campylobacter jejuni thiol peroxidases tpx and bcp both contribute to aerotolerance and peroxide-mediated stress resistance but have distinct substrate specificities.the microaerophilic food-borne pathogen campylobacter jejuni experiences variable oxygen concentrations during its life cycle, especially during transitions between the external environment and the avian or mammalian gut. single knockout mutations in either one of two related thiol peroxidase genes, tpx and bcp, resulted in normal microaerobic growth (10% [vol/vol] oxygen) but poorer growth than that of the wild type under high-aeration conditions (21% [vol/vol] oxygen). however, a tpx/bcp doubl ...200818515414
prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens in a population of zoo animals.faecal prevalence of gastrointestinal bacterial pathogens, including campylobacter, escherichia coli o157:h7, salmonella, shigella, yersinia, as well as arcobacter, were examined in 317 faecal specimens from 44 animal species in belfast zoological gardens, during july-september 2006. thermophilic campylobacters including campylobacter jejuni, campylobacter coli and campylobacter lari, were the most frequently isolated pathogens, where members of this genus were isolated from 11 animal species (1 ...200818331520
evaluation of 16s rrna gene-based pcr assays for genus-level identification of helicobacter species.the inclusivity, exclusivity, and detection limit of six 16s rrna gene-based helicobacter genus-specific pcr assays were examined. five out of six assays were 100% inclusive, but the tests varied considerably in their exclusivity (9.1 to 95.5%). the clinical detection limit varied between 10(3) and 1 viable bacterial cell per reaction mixture.200818337392
development and evaluation of a loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for rapid and simple detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli.we developed a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (lamp) assay for the rapid and simple detection of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli. the assay provides a specific lamp product for each of these two species. the assay correctly identified 65 c. jejuni and 45 c. coli strains, but not 75 non-c. jejuni/coli strains. the sensitivity of the lamp assay for c. jejuni and c. coli in spiked human stool specimens was 5.6 x 10(3) c.f.u. g(-1) (1.4 c.f.u. per test tube) and 4.8 x 10(3) c.f.u ...200818349363
sequence variability of campylobacter temperate bacteriophages.prophages integrated within the chromosomes of campylobacter jejuni isolates have been demonstrated very recently. prior work with campylobacter temperate bacteriophages, as well as evidence from prophages in other enteric bacteria, suggests these prophages might have a role in the biology and virulence of the organism. however, very little is known about the genetic variability of campylobacter prophages which, if present, could lead to differential phenotypes in isolates carrying the phages ve ...200818366706
comparison of antimicrobial resistance of campylobacter jejuni and campylobacter coli isolated from humans and chicken carcasses in poland.campylobacter-associated gastroenteritis remains an important cause of morbidity worldwide, and some evidence suggests that poultry is an important source of this foodborne infection in humans. this study was conducted to analyze the prevalence and genetic background of resistance of 149 campylobacter jejuni and 54 campylobacter coli strains isolated from broiler chicken carcasses and from stool samples of infected children in poland from 2003 through 2005. nearly all isolates were susceptible t ...200818389707
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