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cloning structural genes for treponema pallidum immunogens and characterisation of recombinant treponemal surface protein, p2 (p2 star).a genomic library consisting of partially digested 10 to 20 kilobase pair fragments of treponema pallidum deoxyribonucleic acid (dna) was constructed using bacteriophage lambda embl-3 as the vector. positive clones expressing t pallidum antigens were detected with sera from experimentally infected rabbits. treponemal proteins ranging in molecular weight from 37,000 daltons to 120,000 daltons were identified by sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and immunoblotting of phage ...19873315959
motility and chemotaxis of spirochaeta aurantia: computer-assisted motion analysis.a computer program has been designed to study behavior in populations of spirochaeta aurantia cells, and this program has been used to analyze changes in behavior in response to chemoattractants. three kinds of behavior were distinguished: smooth swimming, flexing, and reversals in direction of swimming after a short pause (120 ms). cell populations exposed to chemoattractants spent, on average, 66, 33, and 1% of the time in these modes, respectively. after the addition of a chemoattractant, beh ...19883350790
lymphocyte blastogenesis and cellular cytotoxicity in a congenital infection of bovine fetuses related to epizootic bovine abortion.the disease referred to as epizootic bovine abortion (eba) was experimentally induced in bovine fetuses. dark-field microscopy was used to detect congenital infection with an unclassified spirochaete-like organism. some of the fetuses collected at abattoirs were also found to be naturally infected with a morphologically similar microorganism. blood counts and organ weights were correlated with the presence of the microorganism. lymphocyte blastogenesis increased, the result of in vivo stimulatio ...19892704880
molecular analysis of linear plasmid-encoded major surface proteins, ospa and ospb, of the lyme disease spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi.the ospa and ospb genes encode the major outer membrane proteins of the lyme disease spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi. the deduced translation products from the ospa and ospb genes were: (ospa) 273 amino acids long with a molecular weight of 29,334, and (ospb) 296 amino acids long with a molecular weight of 31,739. the two osp proteins showed a great degree of sequence similarity indicating a recent evolutionary event. molecular analysis and sequence comparison of ospa and ospb with other protei ...19892761388
is multiple sclerosis caused by an oral spirochaete?evidence of a direct link between chronic sinusitis and multiple sclerosis (ms) prompted examination of the old "spirochaetal hypothesis". this hypothesis has not been shown to be erroneous and a spirochaetal infection of the central nervous system could explain the specific pathological, immunological, and epidemiological features of ms.19862873382
antigenic heterogeneity of european borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from patients and ticks. 19852582217
chemotaxis mutants of spirochaeta aurantia.five spirochaeta aurantia chemotaxis mutants were isolated. one mutant (the che-101 mutant) never reversed, one (the che-200 mutant) flexed predominantly, two (the che-300 and che-400-1 mutants) exhibited elevated reversal frequencies, and one (the che-400 mutant) exhibited chemotactically unstimulated behavior similar to that of the wild-type strain. the che-101 and che-400 mutants were essentially nonchemotactic, whereas the che-200, che-300, and che-400-1 mutants showed impaired chemotactic r ...19892914860
retarded growth rate and delayed onset of egg production associated with spirochaete infection in pullets.retarded growth rates and delayed onset of egg production were recorded in 22-week-old pullets reared on deep litter and with indirect contact with pigs. birds reared in cages or transferred to cages were unaffected. spirochaetes were isolated and identified from the intestines of the pullets reared on deep litter but not from those reared in cages. birds kept solely on deep litter were more severely affected, with 24 per cent immature birds and 10 per cent mortality compared with those transfer ...19873307115
wolinella recta and spirochetes in relation to alteration of probing depth in a population without regular dental care.the purpose of this study was to determine the occurence of spirochetes and wolinella sp. in untreated, nonselected subjects and to relate the presence of these organisms to changes in probing depth over a period of 180 days. clinical parameters were recorded and subgingival microbial samples were taken mesiobuccally on the upper first molars of 120 subjects (mean age 37 +/- 14 years) with a history of no regular dental care. the number of motile rods and spirochetes were determined in the darkf ...19892678458
a borrelia-specific monoclonal antibody binds to a flagellar epitope.in immunofluorescence assays monoclonal antibody h9724 recognized eight species of the spirochetal genus borrelia but not representatives of the genera treponema, leptospira, and spirochaeta. we examined the reactivity of h9724 against subcellular components of borrelia hermsii, an agent of relapsing fever, and b. burgdorferi, the cause of lyme disease. h9724 bound to isolated periplasmic flagella of the two borreliae. in western blots the antibody reacted with the predominant protein in flagell ...19863516878
[lyme disease: clinical and sero-epidemiological study of borrelia burgdorferi infections in belgium].lyme disease is a multi-systemic infection caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi: this bacterium, discovered in 1982 in the united states, is mainly transmitted by a tick bite, ixodes ricinus in europe. in belgium, a first seroepidemiological study of 3 years has revealed 190 patients and the whole spectrum of clinical pictures was observed, including the early stage of this infection in the skin (erythema chronicum migrans), neurological involvement and arthritis. the lyme borreliosis ...19902207461
[the tick ixodes ricinus, a spirochaeta vector]. 19873629567
[incidence of the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi in arthropods (arthropoda) and antibodies in vertebrates (vertebrata)].the paper summarizes data on hitherto assembled findings of spirochaeta burgdorferi, the causal agent of lyme disease in arthropods and the incidence of antibodies in birds and mammals. the authors evaluate some vectors and reservoir animals, incl. possible carriers. borrelia burgdorferi was found so far in 30 species of arthropoda, 13 species of mites (acarina), 15 species of flies(diptera), two species of fleas (siphonaptera). the role of insects as vectors was not proved so far. antibodies we ...19892646031
dark ground microscopy in relation to 3 clinical parameters of chronic inflammatory periodontal disease.this paper examines the relationships between 3 clinical parameters: pocket depth, gingival index, and bleeding index and 2 laboratory parameters: spirochaete counts and motility counts on the basis of analysis of 883 observations made in the mouths of 41 patients. the results were consistent with the findings of other studies in that deeper pockets tended to harbour higher %s of spirochaetes and motile organisms. the same overlap between all the parameters in general and between spirochaetes an ...19863466907
[meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux, bannwarth) erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system transmitted by ticks].the clinical spectrum of this remarkable non-syphilitic spirochaetosis (spirochaeta infection) of the nervous system is described in light of 53 further cases with reference to our earlier description of 47 cases. as the etiological diagnosis is not possible in all cases the knowledge of clinical courses is especially important. males are affected almost twice as often as women. the disease is especially prevalent in the sixth decade. usually, the syndrome begins in the warm season with exquisit ...19853894183
[chronic borrelia disease of the central nervous system].a few years ago meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (bannwarth's syndrome) was discovered to be a neurological manifestation of lyme disease transmitted by tick-bites and caused by ixodes-ricinus-spirochaete (borrelia burgdorferi). not enough attention is given to the fact that more serious and chronic disease of the central nervous system may be entailed. two cases are reported in which detection of the borrelian-antibodies corroborated the diagnosis. after parenteral treatment with pen ...19873670517
lyme disease.although initially considered a localized epidemic form of arthritis. lyme disease is now known to have protean manifestation (skin, joint, heart, nervous system) and worldwide distribution. it is caused by infection with the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi and is transmitted by a variety of hard ticks and, in some localities, fleas. antigenic variation between isolates may determine the differences in clinical expression observed between cases in north america and europe. the reservoir in the ...19863542350
isolation of a spirochete from the soft tick, ornithodoros coriaceus: a possible agent of epizootic bovine abortion.a borrelia-like spirochete was detected in all three parasitic stages of ornithodoros coriaceus, the soft tick implicated in the epizoology of epizootic bovine abortion. after the spirochete had been isolated, its distinctness from other north american tick-borne borreliae as well as from spirochaeta aurantia, treponema pallidum, and leptospira interrogans serovar pomona was established on the basis of its morphology, protein components, and inability to infect mice. the spirochete is passed tra ...19853898367
chemotactic transducer proteins of escherichia coli exhibit homology with methyl-accepting proteins from distantly related bacteria.transducers are transmembrane, methyl-accepting proteins central to the chemotactic systems of the enteric bacteria escherichia coli and salmonella typhimurium. methyl-accepting proteins have been reported in a number of species in addition to these enteric bacteria. those species include bacillus subtilis and spirochaeta aurantia, representatives of groups that diverged from ancestral enteric bacteria and from each other very early in bacterial evolution. an antiserum that reacts with all trans ...19853924893
"intestinal spirochaetosis" of the vervet monkey.electron microscopy revealed that 80% of captured vervet monkeys, held in quarantine for experimental use, showed extensive proliferation of spiral-shaped bacteria on the mucosal epithelium of the large bowel. a consortium, consisting of a predominant spirillum together with a spirochaete, was usually seen as a lawn covering the colonic epithelium. sparsely populated areas showed preferential colonization of the tubular glands. pathological changes were minimal, being confined to the microvillus ...19853925404
congenital spirochetosis in calves: association with epizootic bovine abortion.congenital spirochetosis was encountered as a newly recognized infection of cattle. the spirochete was seen in blood of fetuses with lesions of epizootic bovine abortion. a spirochete with morphologic features similar to those found in the fetuses was detected in ornithodoros coriaceus ticks. ticks collected from rangelands were allowed to feed on cows that then produced epizootic bovine abortion-affected fetuses, and the fetuses had spirochetosis. inapparent spirochetosis also was found in fetu ...19863949612
what is the correct specific epithet for pathogenic leptospirae?the underlying documentation of the first descriptions of members of the genus leptospira is carefully revised. stimson's publication of? spirochaeta interrogans (1907) is to be inadequate and not suitable to be recognized as the first valid description of a new genus being only a description of a spirochete-like microorganism without any documentation. the naming of the species of pathogenic leptospira interrogans is therefore not in confirmity with the requirements of the international code of ...19863788349
demonstration of rare protein in the outer membrane of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum by freeze-fracture analysis.the surface of treponema pallidum subsp. pallidum (t. pallidum), the etiologic agent of syphilis, appears antigenically inert and lacks detectable protein, as judged by immunocytochemical and biochemical techniques commonly used to identify the outer membrane (om) constituents of gram-negative bacteria. we examined t. pallidum by freeze-fracture electron microscopy to visualize the architecture of its om. treponema phagedenis biotype reiter (t. phagedenis reiter), a nonpathogenic host-associated ...19892670902
bacteriology in juvenile periodontitis. a review. 19853898064
biochemical and cytological analysis of the complex periplasmic flagella from spirochaeta aurantia.the periplasmic flagella of spirochaeta aurantia were isolated and were found to be ultrastructurally and biochemically complex. generally, flagellar filaments were 18 to 20 nm in diameter and appeared to consist of an 11 to 13-nm-wide inner region and an outer layer. the hook-basal body region consisted of two closely apposed disks connected to a hook by a rod. sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis of purified flagella together with a western blot analysis of a motility muta ...19883410822
lyme disease in a 12-year-old girl.we report the case of a 12-year-old girl with erythema chronicum migrans, aseptic meningitis and knee arthralgia. rise of specific antibody titre against an ixodes ricinus spirochaete was demonstrated. circulating immune complexes and high levels of c1r-c1s-c1ia complexes indicating activation of the complement system via the classical pathway were found. the clinical features and the laboratory findings warranted a diagnosis of lyme disease.19853984718
slide impregnation method for treponema pallidum and other spirochetes. 19704097393
[chronic migrant erythema or lyme disease--a new tick-borne spirochaetales infection]. 19853907212
[oral spirochetes and inflammatory periodontal diseases]. 19873324335
spirochaetes in the equine caecum.two morphological types of spirochaete were found in the horse caecum measuring 4 to 6 micron by 0.3 to 0.4 micron and 6 to 8 micron by 0.1 to 0.2 micron. attempts were made to culture the organisms but none survived subculture beyond the primary isolate. electron microscopy revealed that many of the organisms were infected by bacteriophages.19854035097
transposition of structural genes to an expression sequence on a linear plasmid causes antigenic variation in the bacterium borrelia hermsii.in borrelia hermsii, a spirochaete that causes relapsing fever, the switch between expression of two frequent variable major protein (vmp) types (7 and 21) is associated with a dna rearrangement. both cell types 7 and 21 contain untranscribed 7 and 21 vmp genes on linear plasmids. the serotype 7 cells contain an additional copy of the 7 vmp gene fused to an expression sequence on another linear plasmid. switching to the 21 serotype involves removal of the transcribed 7 vmp gene and fusion of a c ...19854069202
susceptibility of small-sized oral spirochetes to eight antibiotics and chlorhexidine.the purpose of the study was to examine the susceptibility of two different small-sized spirochete morphotypes from subgingival plaque to eight antibiotics and chlorhexidine. mic-values were determined by a broth dilution method and related to achievable antibiotic tissue- and blood concentrations. the spirochetes were characterized as susceptible, moderate susceptible, and resistant to the different antibiotics. the mics of tetracycline hydrochloride, doxycycline, penicillin g, and chlorhexidin ...19873439461
further electron microscopic observations on reiter spirochetes. 19654159309
[phenomenon of agglomeration and alteration of the peripheral blood cells of syphilitic patients under the effect of spirochaeta]. 19734133149
leucopenia and fever in the "jarisch-herxheimer" reaction of louse-borne relapsing fever. 19684169111
spirochete from the rabbit tick, haemaphysalis leporispalustris (packard). i. isolation and preliminary characterization.an unidentified spirochete, referred to as the 277f agent, was isolated from haemaphysalis leporispalustris ticks from two cottontail rabbits by inoculation of the tick suspension into embryonated chicken eggs. because of its minute width (0.1 mu), the organism was difficult to see when stained by the giemsa method, but was readily demonstrated by silver impregnation or fluorescent-antibody procedures. in dark-field microscopy, the spirochetes appeared uniformly and rather tightly coiled, and ex ...19684171295
[silver impregnation of spirochaeta]. 19704193917
[study on continuous long-term storage of stained preparations of spirochaeta recurrentis. 1. correlation of pretreatment with various fixative and caustic agents]. 19684176711
a reliable method for demonstrating spirochaetes in tissue sections. 19694187533
[some features of the epidemiology of tick-borne spirochetosis in the uch-korgon district of kirghizia]. 19664238261
isolation and characterisation of intestinal spirochaetes.faeces or rectal swabs from 1527 subjects were examined for the presence of intestinal spirochaetes by anaerobic culture on blood agar incorporating spectinomycin (400 mg/l). twenty three specimens (1.5%) were positive, and only one of these came from a patient with diarrhoea. all positive specimens came from either asians or known homosexuals. comparative tests showed a close phenotypic similarity between the human isolates and non-pathogenic porcine intestinal spirochaetes. these organisms dif ...19863722407
bacteria, spirochetes, and rickettsia as insecticides. 19734199779
dobbins wo 3d,+dobbins wo iii: rectal biopsy. a review of its diagnostic usefulness. 19684235262
[infectious pathology]. 19714251237
metabolism of spirochaeta aurantia. i. anaerobic energy-yielding pathways]. 19724261649
the in-vitro sensitivity of oral spirochaetes to metronidazole. 19704254179
ultrastructural identification of spirochetes and flagellated microbes at the brush border of the large intestinal epithelium of the rhesus monkey.spiral-shaped organisms exclusively and intimately populate the brush border of the cecal and colonic epithelium of healthy monkeys (macaca mulatta). these organisms replace the glycocalyx, destroy most microvilli, and attenuate the terminal web of the brush border. despite these remarkable alterations, the remaining host cellular structure is unchanged. two structurally distinct microbes, a spirochete and a flagellate, were recognized by electron microscopy. these spirochetes share the general ...19724118119
staining of histologic sections of colon with victoria blue 4-r as an aid in the diagnosis of swine dysentery. 19734122481
mycoplasma salivarium in human gingival sulci. 19704254176
the distribution of spirochaetes in the gingival crevice of a beagle dog. 19744469564
[electron microscopic studies on the cell structure of oral spirochete]. 19724506440
[cellar structure of oral spirochetes obtained by means of thin sectioning. (1)]. 19724506442
lipids of the spirochaetales: comparison of the lipids of several members of the genera spirochaeta, treponema, and leptospira.the lipid compositions of 17 spirochetes belonging to the genera spirochaeta and treponema were investigated and compared with data previously derived from 11 strains of leptospira. the lipid compositions and lipid metabolism of any of these genera is sufficiently different to be characteristic of that genus and to differentiate it from the other two genera. members of the genus leptospira are characterized by their ability to beta-oxidize long chain fatty acids as their major carbon and energy ...19744436256
isolation and propagation of spirochetes from the colon of swine dysentery affected pigs. 19724258550
comparison of spiramycin and tetracycline used adjunctively in the treatment of advanced chronic periodontitis.this study was designed to compare both clinical and microbiological changes during the treatment of advanced periodontal disease with mechanical debridement, with or without the adjunctive use of either spiramycin or tetracycline. the study, which included 96 patients with advanced periodontitis, was performed as a controlled double-blind parallel randomized trial. all patients received thorough scaling and root planing as well as adjunctive placebo or spiramycin or tetracycline. probing depth ...19883182440
[fine structure of oral spirochetes, especially on the intracytoplasmic structure (author's transl)]. 19744523124
spirochaetal invasion of the colonic mucosa in a syndrome resembling swine dysentery following experimental trichuris suis infection in weaned pigs. 19724539730
shape of treponema pallidum.treponema pallidum was found to be not helical, but a flat wave twisted into one to five different planes per cell.19724550825
axial fibrils of anaerobic spirochetes: ultrastructure and chemical characteristics. 19724552535
[morphological studies on the axial fibrils of certain oral spirochetes]. 19734513247
[pathogenicity of oral spirochaeta]. 19734519756
efficacy of gentamicin sulfate for the treatment of swine dysentery. 19724565062
plaque development and gingivitis in the primary dentition. 19734509109
the isolation of spirochaetes from pigs affected with swine dysentery. 19724561061
spirochetal organisms from pigs. i. isolation, cultivation and maintenance. 19724558899
[in memoriam fritz schaudinn (1871-1906): discoverer of spirochaeta pallida]. 19724567889
metabolism of spirochaeta aurantia. ii. aerobic oxidation oxidation of carbohydrates. 19724340023
[desiccating factors in ulcerative necrotizing gingivitis]. 19744363391
localization of spirochetes with the structural characteristics of treponema hyodysenteriae in the lesions of swine dysentery.the large intestines of pigs with swine dysentery were examined by phase, light, and electron microscopy at intervals up to 11 days after oral inoculation with mucosal scrapings from infected pigs. large spirochetes with the structural characteristics of treponema hyodysenteriae were found only in infected pigs and were first observed in small numbers in the lumen of the large intestine 2 days after inoculation. numerous large spirochetes were present on the luminal surface and in mucosal crypts ...19744587383
the restorative effect of peritoneal macrophages on delayed hypersensitivity following ionizing radiation. 19714273598
the structure of subgingival plaque in a beagle dog. 19744281828
a theoretical mechanism of spirochete locomotion. 19744616991
[determination of the antigenic dilution concentration in the complement fixation test]. 19724626748
oxygen uptake by treponema pallidum.virulent treponema pallidum has been shown to consume o(2) at a rate similar to that of the known aerobic spirochaete, leptospira. such o(2) uptake is cyanide sensitive, indicating a functioning cytochrome oxidase. inhibition of o(2) uptake by azide, chlorpromazine, and amytal further suggests a functioning electron transport system for the oxidation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (reduced) to o(2). evidence is consistent with the probability that this terminal electron-transport system is ...19744366918
[changes in the oral flora in the intermediate zones and its significance]. 19744608649
glucose and pyruvate metabolism of spirochaeta litoralis, an anaerobic marine spirochete.the pathways of glucose and pyruvate metabolism in spirochaeta litoralis, a free-living, strictly anaerobic marine spirochete, were studied. addition of 0.2 to 0.4 m nacl (final concentration) to suspending buffers prevented cell lysis and was necessary for gas evolution from various substrates by cell suspensions. the organism fermented glucose mainly to ethanol, acetate, co(2), and h(2). determination of radioactivity in products formed from (14)c-labeled glucose and assays of enzymatic activi ...19734745435
a directly cross-linked l-ornithine-containing peptidoglycan in cell walls of spirochaeta stenostrepta. 19734747604
properties of rubredoxin and ferredoxin isolated from spirochetes. 19734693056
localization of bacteria in the gastrointestinal tract: a possible explanation of intestinal spirochaetosis.the large intestine of rats and dogs was examined by light and electron microscopy. in both species localization of bacteria in specific areas of the tissue was observed. fusiform bacteria mixed with spirochaetes were seen at the opening of the crypts into the large bowel. however, at the base of the crypts homogeneous populations of spiral organisms were found; some crypts contained borrelia-type spirochaetes, whereas others contained spiral bacteria with other morphology. very few spiral bacte ...19734716551
peptidoglycan of free-living anaerobic spirochetes.electron microscope examination of negatively stained or thin-sectioned cells of spirochaeta stenostrepta treated with penicillin or lysozyme showed that the peptidoglycan was present as a thin, electron-dense layer adjacent and external to the cytoplasmic membrane. the peptidoglycan was isolated from cells of s. stenostrepta and spirochaeta litoralis by a procedure including treatments with sodium lauryl sulfate and pronase. hydrolysates of the isolated s. stenostrepta and s. litoralis peptidog ...19734123918
[action site and effectiveness of the antisyphilitic penicillin therapy. i. position and structure of treponema pallidum: action site of penicillin]. 19704101550
distinctive renal lesion of spirochete-infected brine shrimp.in spirochete-infected artemia, the renal tubule exhibited a lesion consisting of a group of spirochetes situated in an indentation of the base of the epithelium and involving discontinuity of the basal lamina.19744851408
vibrios in diseased and healthy calves. 19724621836
[role of dark field microscopy in the diagnosis of periodontal disease]. 19863482433
swine dysentery: failure of an attenuated strain of spirochaete, given orally, to protect pigs against subsequent challenge. 19744840347
electron microscopic observations on the lesions of condyloma latum. 19694891534
[principles of microbial electrophoresis]. 19704919731
spirochetal organisms from pigs. 3. preliminary observations on bacteriophage particles associated with spirochetes of the genus. treponema. 19744857846
the microbiology of acute ulcerative gingivitis with reference to the culture of oral trichomonads and spirochaetes. 19684866550
[reiter's spirochete agglutination reaction (roemer's test). correlation with the fta test and with the classic serologic tests in different stages of lues]. 19684907065
[immunological patterns in syphilis including the question of antibodies. with reference to recent experimental studies]. 19704938729
lymphadenopathy in secondary syphilis. 19714942063
[infrastructural morphology of pillotina calotermitidis nov.gen.,no. sp., spirochaetales in the intestine of calotermes praecox]. 19674967239
morphological and ecological characteristics of spirochaeta plicatilis. 19734571290
hans reiter (1881- ). reiter's syndrome. 19704921573
in vitro susceptibility of oral spirochetes to metronidazole. 19704922198
["mixed association" and gram negative anaerobic asporous bacillary constitiuent in mouth pathology]. 19744601952
spirochaete-mediated abnormal sex-ratio (sr) condition in drosophila: a second virus associated with spirochaetes and its use in the study of the sr condition. 19715003804
recovery of spirochagetes in the monkey by passive transfer from human late sero-negative syphilis. 19685005576
nonspecific lung abscess. a perspective. 19725059446
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