| analysis of t lymphocytes cloned from the synovial fluid and blood of a patient with lyme arthritis. | cloned t lymphocytes reactive with borrelia burgdorferi proteins were isolated from a patient with chronic lyme arthritis. all of the t cell clones which proliferated in response to borrelia proteins were cd3 + cd4 + cd8 - tcr alpha beta + and hla-dr restricted. one t cell clone (gn30) exhibited hla-dr-restricted cytotoxic activity against antigen-presenting cells pulsed with borrelia antigen. in response to borrelia antigen, the t cell clones produced tnf-alpha, inf-gamma, and gm-csf. there are ... | 1990 | 2083228 |
| epidemiological and aetiological evidence for transmission of lyme disease by adult ixodes persulcatus in an endemic area in china. | involvement of adult ixodes persulcatus ticks in the transmission of lyme disease in hailin county, heilongjiang province, china, is reported. in 1986 from april through august adult i. persulcatus was the dominant tick in this endemic area with an infection rate of 43% for the lyme disease spirochaete, borrelia burgdorferi. the incidence of lyme disease cases presenting the symptom of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) within this area was correlated with the seasonal abundance of adult i. persul ... | 1990 | 2083990 |
| [lyme disease (review of foreign literature)]. | | 1990 | 2084345 |
| peripheral facial palsy in childhood--lyme borreliosis to be suspected unless proven otherwise. | 27 consecutive cases with acute peripheral facial palsy were studied for lyme borreliosis. in 16 out of 27 children lyme borreliosis could be diagnosed by detection of specific igm antibodies in csf. csf findings allow a clear distinction according to etiology. all children with facial palsy due to lyme borreliosis revealed lymphocytic csf pleocytosis, whereas in cases of unknown etiology csf was usually normal. bilateral facial palsy occurred only in children with lyme borreliosis. all cases wi ... | 1990 | 2085110 |
| experimental infection of the white-footed mouse with borrelia burgdorferi. | laboratory raised white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) were inoculated experimentally with live spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi), the etiologic agent of lyme disease (borreliosis). prior to inoculation, mouse sera were tested with an indirect fluorescent antibody test, and all mice were seronegative. all inoculated mice seroconverted. in tick transmission studies, immature stages of ixodes dammini and dermacentor variabilis attached and fed to repletion on mice, but only i dammini transferr ... | 1990 | 2085225 |
| antigenic cross-reactivity between borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia recurrentis, treponema pallidum, and treponema phagedenis. | the antigenic cross-reactivity between different borrelia and treponema species was determined by the indirect immunofluorescence antibody test and sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis followed by immunoblotting. the protein profiles of borrelia burgdorferi, borrelia recurrentis, treponema pallidum, and treponema phagedenis revealed essential differences. using immunoblotting, rabbit immune sera to b. burgdorferi and b. recurrentis exhibited strong cross-reactivities to het ... | 1990 | 2085371 |
| purification of the borrelia burgdorferi flagellum by use of a monoclonal antibody. | the flagellum associated polypeptide p41 is an immunodominant antigen of borrelia burgdorferi in the early and late stages of lyme borreliosis. p41 was prepared by affinity chromatography using monoclonal antibody specific for p41. an immunoglobulin class specific elisa (igm-, igg-elisa) was established with purified p41 as antigen and compared to the conventional elisa with whole cell ultrasonic antigen. whereas the sensitivity of igm- and igg-elisa was comparable in both antigen preparations, ... | 1990 | 2087234 |
| [borrelia burgdorferi infection. i. aspects of basic research, current approach for diagnosis and therapy]. | in this review article the current concepts on the infection caused by borrelia burgdorferi are presented. the problems associated with the diagnosis and therapy of the borrelia burgdorferi infection are pointed out. a series of monoclonal antibodies recognizing borrelia burgdorferi-associated antigens is presented. in collaborative research projects these antibodies were used for molecular biological (cloning and sequencing of borrelia burgdorferi antigens) and immunological (protection experim ... | 1990 | 2089023 |
| in-vitro susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia hermsii to ten antimicrobial agents. | the in-vitro activity of ten antimicrobial agents against four strains of borrelia burgdorferi originating both in the united states and europe and against one isolate of b. hermsii was investigated. ceftriaxone, erythromycin and roxithromycin were the most active drugs against both borrelia species studied, with minimum bactericidal concentrations ranging from 0.015 micrograms/ml to 0.125 micrograms/ml. | 1990 | 2093104 |
| prevalence of borreliae in ixodes ricinus ticks from southern moravia, czechoslovakia. | a total of 378 adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected by flagging vegetation in four localities of two districts (breclav, znojmo) in south moravia and examined microscopically. borreliae were identified in giemsa-stained midgut smears from 32 (i.e. 8.5%) ticks (9.4% females, 7.2% males); the infection rate varied between 0.0 and 11.4% in the four localities examined. among female ticks, significantly more were found to be infected in autumn (19.7%) than in spring (5.8%). dark-field (df) and ... | 1990 | 2093618 |
| detection of serum antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi with some commercially available serological tests. | sixty-three sera were analysed for antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi with an in-house indirect immunofluorescence assay. thirty-nine sera were positive (titer greater than or equal to 256), seven borderline (titer 128) and 17 negative (titer less than or equal to 64). these results were compared with results obtained with four different commercial assays for detection of such antibodies. indirect immunofluorescence tests yielded most positive results. the flagellin elisa test detected anti ... | 1990 | 2093855 |
| [reflex sympathetic dystrophy. a new manifestation of lyme disease?]. | several syndromes derived from the involvement of central and peripheral nervous system and meninges have been reported in the infection by borrelia burgdorferi. the features of autonomic nervous system involvement have received a marginal attention. reflex sympathetic dystrophy is an autonomic picture characterized by regional sympathetic hyperactivity which has not been associated with lyme disease. we report a 16-year-old female with clinical, radiological and scintigraphic features consisten ... | 1990 | 2095902 |
| [skin manifestations of infection by borrelia burgdorferi]. | interest in lyme's disease is recent in spain. we review the dermatological features of the disease caused by b. burgdorferi, its differential diagnosis and its therapy, with reference to three patients with borrelia burgdorferi infection in whom the diagnosis was made on the basis of the dermatological picture. one patient had migratory erythema developing from the umbilical area, where he had been bitten by a tick. another patient had arthritis of the knee and meningoradiculitis, together with ... | 1990 | 2095903 |
| [antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in a population group from valladolid]. | | 1990 | 2098134 |
| antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in hokkaido. | during 1985 to 1990, serum samples were obtained from 229 healthy dogs. the dogs lived in hokkaido, known to be infested with ticks. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to detect igg and igm antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi ho14 and hp3, which were isolated from ixodes ovatus and i. persulcatus in the area. igg antibody to b. burgdorferi ho14 was detected in 8.8% (1985), 16.4% (1987) and 18.5% (1990). igm antibody to the bacteria was detected in 1.8% (1987) and 2.5% (199 ... | 1990 | 2098630 |
| characterization of borrelia burgdorferi associated antigens by monoclonal antibodies. | in this paper, we present a series of murine mab recognizing b. burgdorferi antigens. the antibodies were characterized by immuno-blotting and immuno-fluorescence studies using isolates of b. burgdorferi from north america and europe, respectively. moreover, reactivity of the antibodies with recombinant b. burgdorferi flagellin and ospa was studied. the results suggest these anti-b. burgdorferi mab as valuable tools for the serological analysis of b. burgdorferi isolates and for affinity-purific ... | 1990 | 2099905 |
| [analysis of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies of the igg/igm classes by the elisa method. i. evaluation of the test and the methodological principles]. | | 1990 | 2100816 |
| [the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in a population at risk]. | given the increasing interest in lyme borreliosis in our community, and the lack of epidemiological studies in our country, we have considered convenient to analyze the presence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in a group of workmen who we have considered at high risk since they carry out their everyday work in an environment infested by ticks. significant antibody titers (= or greater than 1/128) are found in 38% of cases versus 0% in the control group. the significance of these results ... | 1990 | 2102530 |
| humans and animals: increasing contacts, increasing infections. | changes in the zoonotic infections that affect americans stem primarily from shifting patterns of animal-human interaction, the crossover of species-specific organisms, and the importation or identification of new organisms. although lyme disease is not, strictly speaking, zoonotic, it leads off this review by virtue of its epidemic or near-epidemic prevalence in many areas. | 1990 | 2105969 |
| serologic survey of selected zoonotic disease agents in black-tailed jack rabbits from western texas. | a serologic survey for the agents of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf) (rickettsia rickettsii), borrelia spp. including the causative agent for lyme disease (borrelia burgdorferi), and plague (yersinia pestis) was conducted on blood samples collected from 30 and 46 black-tailed jack rabbits (lepus californicus) from an urban environment in lubbock, texas (usa) during winter 1987 and the following spring 1988, respectively. antibody titers to the agents of rmsf and borreliosis were detected in ... | 1990 | 2106044 |
| lyme disease: a review. | in the last decade, lyme borreliosis has emerged as a complex new infection whose distribution is worldwide. the multisystem disorder, which primarily affects the skin, joints, heart and nervous system at different stages, is caused by the tick-borne spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi. after the first weeks of infection almost all patients have a positive antibody response to the spirochaete and serological determinations are currently the most practical laboratory aid in diagnosis. treatment with ... | 1990 | 2107856 |
| lyme carditis in immunodeficient mice during experimental infection of borrelia burgdorferi. | recently, we described the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mouse as a laboratory model for b. burgdorferi infection. scid mice inoculated with the virulent low-passage tick isolate borrelia burgdorferi zs7 developed a severe pancarditis involving endocardium, myocardium and epicardium in the absence of functional b- or t-cells. soon after inoculation perivascular infiltration was observed, later diffuse infiltration of the interstitium of the subendocardial and subepicardial areas was se ... | 1990 | 2114691 |
| imported malaria associated with malariotherapy of lyme disease--new jersey. | | 1990 | 2123017 |
| zoonotic infections in northern ireland farmers. | evidence of past zoonotic infection was investigated serologically in randomly selected northern ireland farmers. the percentage of farmers with antibody was: brucella abortus (0.7), leptospira interrogans serovars (8.1), borrelia burgdorferi (14.3), toxoplasma gondii (73.5), coxiella burnetii (28.0), chlamydia psittaci (11.1) and hantavirus (1.2). the results show that northern ireland farmers have been exposed in the past to zoonotic infections. it is not known if these infections contributed ... | 1990 | 2123457 |
| borrelia burgdorferi in ticks of the canton tessin (switzerland). | in the northern alps it is hard to find an ixodes ricinus population which does not harbour borrelia burgdorferi. the infection rates range from 5 to 34% for adults and nymphs to 3.1% for larvae. this study shows that the infection rates on the southern side of the alps are similar, at 25% for adults, 36.2% for nymphs and 3.2% for larvae. with respect to tick species other than i. ricinus, we did not succeed in finding any spirochetes in dermacentor marginatus, haemaphysalis punctata, ixodes hex ... | 1990 | 2132440 |
| nocturnal detachment of the tick ixodes hexagonus from nocturnally active hosts. | to determine whether the pattern of engorgement of ixodes hexagonus leach (acarina: ixodidae) in central europe may influence host specificity, the host relationships of the sub-adult stages of this tick were examined and the time of detachment compared with the activity patterns of various candidate vertebrate hosts. the main hosts for i. hexagonus appear to be hedgehog and fox. this tick species seems to be incapable of feeding on any rodent commonly encountered in the study region, or on rept ... | 1990 | 2133008 |
| lyme disease. a general survey. | | 1990 | 2133980 |
| outer surface protein a (ospa) from the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi: high level expression and purification of a soluble recombinant form of ospa. | the ospa gene of borrelia burgdorferi encodes an outer membrane protein which is a major antigen of the lyme disease agent. two sequence-specific sets of oligonucleotide primers were used to specify the amplification of the ospa coding sequence by the polymerase chain reaction. one set allowed the entire ospa sequence to be amplified, while the other primed amplification of a truncated form of ospa lacking the first 17 codons specified by the wild-type ospa structural gene, residues believed to ... | 1990 | 2136237 |
| experimental chronic lyme borreliosis in lewis rats. | the course of lyme borreliosis in lew/n rats inoculated intraperitoneally as infants with 10(6) borrelia burgdorferi was followed for 360 days. spirochetes were detected in the blood through 30 days, in the brain through 60 days, and persisted in the spleen, liver, kidneys and articular tissue through 360 days. acute exudative arthritis, tendonitis, and bursitis were evident in multiple joints by day 30. arthritis regressed thereafter but capsular fibrosis and lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates persi ... | 1990 | 2138431 |
| lyme borreliosis in selected strains and ages of laboratory mice. | the susceptibility of laboratory mice to borrelia burgdorferi was evaluated for selected genotypes and ages. c3h/he, swr, c57bl/6, sjl, and balb/c mice inoculated at age 3 days developed uniformly severe polyarthritis at 30 days after intraperitoneal inoculation. mice inoculated at age 3 weeks also developed polyarthritis, but severity was influenced by genotype, with c3h/he and swr mice the most severely affected. susceptible strains developed higher igg elisa antibody titers to b. burgdorferi ... | 1990 | 2141344 |
| cogan's syndrome and seroreactivity to lyme borreliosis. | we document the case of a young woman with bilateral nonluetic, interstitial keratitis, vestibuloauditory problems, and bilateral recurrent facial palsies, who had strongly positive serologic tests of lyme borreliosis. to our knowledge, this is the first reported case of positive serologic tests for borrelia burgdorferi in a patient with cogan's syndrome. | 1990 | 2141863 |
| susceptibility of laboratory rats to isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from different geographic areas. | one week old lew/n rats were inoculated with 15 different isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from 3 major north american (northeast, midwest, and pacific) and 1 european endemic areas. at 30 days after inoculation, several tissues were cultured for b. burgdorferi and examined for histopathological changes. sera were tested for igm and igg antibody to b. burgdorferi by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. one or more isolates from each geographic region was recovered by culture and caused arthriti ... | 1990 | 2142584 |
| [occurrence of borrelia antibodies in field hares (lepus europaeus)]. | using the indirect haemagglutination reaction with an antigenic extract from borrelia recurrentis, the author assessed in the hare the incidence of borrelia antibodies, incl. antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi, the causal agent of lyme borreliosis, a multisystemic disease with natural foci, a disease transmitted mostly by ticks of the genus ixodes. sera of 113 hares from 11 localities in the cssr examined by this method reacted in 41.6% by titres within the range from 1 : 16 to 1 : 512, onl ... | 1990 | 2142623 |
| [persistent leg pain]. | a 72 year old patient suddenly experienced severe lumbar pain irradiating into the right leg. later on, weakness of the muscles thigh appeared. a thorough radiological investigation which showed degenerative alterations of the vertebral column did not supply an explanation. after a pathological titer against borrelia burgdorferi was found in serum and radiculitis was detected on emg, the diagnosis of lyme-borreliosis of the nervous system could be confirmed by analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid ... | 1990 | 2142797 |
| lyme borreliosis in laboratory animals: effect of host species and in vitro passage of borrelia burgdorferi. | the susceptibility of several common laboratory animal species to a known pathogenic isolate of borrelia burgdorferi (n40) was evaluated following intraperitoneal (ip) inoculation of 10(6-8) spirochetes into 3-day-old lewis rats, cd-1 mice, syrian hamsters, and 3-week-old american dutch rabbits. at 30 days, tissues were cultured for spirochetes and examined histologically. all species developed multisystemic infection as well as arthritis and carditis, but disease was most severe in rats and mic ... | 1990 | 2143358 |
| in-vitro and in-vivo susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferi to azithromycin. | the in-vitro and in-vivo susceptibility of borrelia burgdorferito tetracycline, erythromycin and azithromycin was investigated. a macrodilution broth technique was used to determine mbcs. b. burgdorferi was most susceptible to azithromycin (mbc 0.04 mg/l) followed by erythromycin (mbc 0.16 mg/l) and tetracycline (mbc 1.6 mg/l). syrian hamsters were used to determine ed50s for the three antimicrobials. azithromycin was most effective in the elimination of spirochaetes from experimentally infected ... | 1990 | 2154436 |
| saliva of the tick ixodes dammini inhibits neutrophil function. | pilocarpine-induced saliva of adult female ixodes dammini ticks inhibits the function of peritoneal-derived rat neutrophils, as measured by anaphylatoxin-induced aggregation, fmlp-induced granule enzyme secretion, zymosan-induced superoxide secretion, and phagocytosis of borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes. inhibition ranged from 40 to 80% when saliva was diluted 20 times into the assay medium. this neutrophil-inhibiting activity of i. dammini saliva may aid in tick feeding and facilitate pathogen ... | 1990 | 2157607 |
| [recent information on tick-borne diseases (i)]. | tick-borne encephalitis (central european encephalitis) and lyme disease (erythema chronicum migrans) are diseases mainly transmitted by ticks of the ixodes ricinus species. the tick-borne encephalitis, a virus infection, can produce severe encephalitic symptoms. there is no specific treatment but the infection can be prevented by active or passive immunization. lyme disease is caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). due to the variety of often uncharacteristic symptoms this infection is ... | 1990 | 2158155 |
| chronic neurologic manifestations of lyme disease. | lyme disease, caused by the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, is associated with a wide variety of neurologic manifestations. to define further the chronic neurologic abnormalities of lyme disease, we studied 27 patients (age range, 25 to 72 years) with previous signs of lyme disease, current evidence of immunity to b. burgdorferi, and chronic neurologic symptoms with no other identifiable cause. eight of the patients had been followed prospectively for 8 to 12 years after the onset of ... | 1990 | 2172819 |
| early diagnosis of enteroviral meningitis by a solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test and virus isolation. | 45 cases of aseptic meningitis/meningoencephalitis were studied with regard to enteroviral etiology by virus isolation and solid-phase reverse immunosorbent test (sprist), a cross-reacting test for enterovirus igm. an etiological diagnosis was reached in 37/45 (82%) patients. etiological diagnoses other than enteroviruses were found in 8 patients: borrelia burgdorferi in 4, varicella-zoster virus in 2, herpes simplex virus in 1 and mumps virus in 1 patient. enteroviruses (echovirus 6, 21 and 30) ... | 1990 | 2175448 |
| cefotaxime versus penicillin in the late stage of lyme disease--prospective, randomized therapeutic study. | the low responsiveness of lyme arthritis to high dose intravenous penicillin g therapy has evoked the demand for new drugs for the treatment of late stage borreliosis. as can be deduced from in vitro susceptibility data, third generation cephalosporins are far more effective on borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes than penicillin g. the study presented here was designed to compare cefotaxime at a dosage of 2 x 3 g/day with penicillin g at a dosage of 2 x 10 megaunits/day, for ten days in a prospecti ... | 1990 | 2179134 |
| effects of bovine serum albumin on the ability of barbour-stoenner-kelly medium to detect borrelia burgdorferi. | the ability of decreasing inocula of borrelia burgdorferi to grow in otherwise identical barbour-stoenner-kelly (bsk) media containing different lots of bovine serum albumin (fraction v) was determined. these media differed significantly in ability to detect b. burgdorferi. some bsk media required inocula of 2 x 10(5) organisms per ml for detection, while other media could stimulate growth after inoculation with less than 2 organisms per ml. in addition, organisms from the less sensitive bsk med ... | 1990 | 2179264 |
| management of lyme disease. | the microbiology, transmission, epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and treatment of lyme disease are reviewed. lyme disease, a tick-borne syndrome, was first described in 1975. the etiologic agent of lyme disease is borrelia burgdorferi, a slow-growing spirochete. lyme disease is the most prevalent tick-borne disease in this country; endemic areas in the united states include the northeastern, north central, and western regions. both infectious and immunologic mechan ... | 1990 | 2180624 |
| [epidemiology of borrelia burgdorferi infection. relation of the prevalence rate on determination by serologic procedures]. | investigation of subclinical infections with borrelia burgdorferi in risk groups in switzerland, austria and southern germany showed an infection rate of 16%-27%. random samples of patients admitted to the neurological department of a hospital on the outskirts of hamburg gave the following results: in 100 sera there was in 27% a positive elisa-test, in 77 sera the ift-test was positive in 13%, and in 210 sera 6% showed a positive ift-test after absorption; the ift- and ift-abs. were compared in ... | 1990 | 2181330 |
| [clinical value of antibody titers to borrelia burgdorferi and titer course in neurologic disease pictures]. | over a period of 3 years, antibody titres against borrelia burgdorferi in serum were determined for 492 patients with a wide spectrum of neurological diseases. using the elisa technique, we found elevated titres against borrelia burgdorferi in about 20% of these patients. cranial nerve paresis was often the leading symptom of an acute neuroborreliosis. in a number of cases the diagnosis was indicated only by an elevated igg titre in the patient's serum, or a decrease in the titre level following ... | 1990 | 2181331 |
| complement fixation test for the diagnosis of lyme disease. | sera from 43 patients were tested for complement-fixing antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi; these patients included 8 with confirmed lyme disease, 21 who were serologically positive but not likely to have lyme disease, and 14 who were serologically negative. seven individuals, all confirmed lyme disease patients, had complement-fixing antibodies. complement fixation may be a useful confirmatory test for lyme disease. | 1990 | 2182679 |
| serologic tests for lyme disease. interlaboratory variability. | the serologic test for the detection of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi is the most frequently used laboratory method for the diagnosis of lyme disease. however, the insensitivity of the assays and the interlaboratory variability are frequent problems. to determine the extent of this variability, one aliquot of serum from each of nine patients with a history of lyme disease was sent to nine reference laboratories, including national, university, state, and local hospital laboratories. a secon ... | 1990 | 2183731 |
| range of atrioventricular conduction disturbances in lyme borreliosis: a report of four cases and review of other published reports. | four patients with lyme borreliosis had atrioventricular conduction disturbances. all four were positive for specific antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi measured by indirect immunofluorescence tests. biopsy specimens, which were obtained in three patients, showed band-like infiltrates of plasma cells and lymphocytes in the endocardium. there was diffuse infiltration of the interstitium of the myocardium by lymphocytes, plasma cells, and macrophages. in two patients single fibre necrosis was ... | 1990 | 2183859 |
| antimicrobial agents in lyme disease. | | 1990 | 2184157 |
| a randomized trial of ceftriaxone versus oral penicillin for the treatment of early european lyme borreliosis. | in a prospective randomized multicenter trial for the therapy of erythema migrans, 40 patients received ceftriaxone 1 g daily for 5 days and 33 patients obtained phenoxymethylpenicillin, 1 million units 3 times daily, for 12 days. follow-up was for a mean of 10 +/- 5 months. eight oral penicillin recipients (24%) and six ceftriaxone recipients (15%) developed minor consecutive manifestations. two ceftriaxone and one penicillin recipient(s) still had elevated igg antibody titers 10 to 20 months a ... | 1990 | 2185158 |
| serologic testing for lyme disease. | serologic testing for antibodies is, at present, the only practical means of diagnosing borrelia burgdorferi infection. however, specific igm spirochetal antibodies may not be at detectable concentrations in the early stage of lyme disease (within 6 weeks of onset). western blot analysis may be used to confirm indirect fluorescent antibody staining or enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay results, but it is laborious and expensive. false-positive reactions caused by cross-reactivity do occur. in pat ... | 1990 | 2186396 |
| treatment of lyme disease. best use of antibiotics. | lyme disease is a tick-borne illness caused by the spirochetal bacterium borrelia burgdorferi. recognition of the clinical manifestations and geographic range of this illness has expanded rapidly in recent years. although much remains to be explained about this infection, most patients can be treated effectively on the basis of the clinical experience gathered to date. antibiotics are the mainstay of therapy for all stages of illness. development of a vaccine and improvement in laboratory diagno ... | 1990 | 2186397 |
| comparison of flagellum and sonicate antigens for serological diagnosis of lyme borreliosis. | a sonicate antigen and two concentrations of a purified flagellum antigen of borrelia burgdorferi were compared for serological diagnosis of lyme borreliosis by an enzyme immunoassay (eia). generally, the higher concentration of flagellum antigen was found to be superior to the lower concentration, which was diluted eight times compared to the higher concentration. the diagnostic sensitivity for igg antibody detection increased from 13% in the sonicate eia to 31% in the best flagellum eia assay ... | 1990 | 2186910 |
| [lyme borreliosis. the manifestations of the disease from the internal medicine and rheumatology viewpoints]. | lyme disease is an infectious syndrome transmitted by tick bites. of the multiple manifestations, cardiac and joint involvement are of primary interest for internists and rheumatologists. up to 10% of patients develop cardiac symptoms, most frequently a disturbance of atrioventricular conduction. the characteristic presentation of the disease, however, are of symptoms of arthritis in one or several large joints. this review summarizes lyme disease with emphasis on presenting symptoms important t ... | 1990 | 2187777 |
| [lyme borreliosis in neurology and psychiatry]. | neurological manifestations of lyme disease are as multifarious as the entire spectrum of this common infection. in stage i, fibromyalgia and, more rarely, painful muscular fasciculation, dominate the clinical picture. in the individual case, mild psychic abnormalities may already be observed. characteristic of the 2nd stage is lymphocytic meningopolyneuritis. involvements of the cns are expressed not so much in focal deficits, as in diffuse psychopathological disorders. in stage 3, cns manifest ... | 1990 | 2187778 |
| [the laboratory diagnosis of borrelia burgdorferi infection]. | the multiplicity of the clinical appearance of lyme disease makes it necessary to confirm the diagnosis by detecting the pathogen or specific antibodies. isolation of the pathogen from infected tissue or body fluids is difficult, so that, to date, only serology is feasible for routine diagnosis. in view of a lack of standardisation of borrelia serology, the clinician must expect false negative, and--even more so--false-positive, results. future laboratory diagnosis should be markedly improved by ... | 1990 | 2187779 |
| [morphaea profunda]. | a 47-year-old woman with a solitary morphoea profunda on the flexor aspect of the left thigh is described. clinically the lesion is characterized by a circumscribed, deeply indurated sclerotic plaque. the main histopathological features were sclerotic collagen changes and a striking accumulation of inflammatory cells in the deep dermis as well as in the subcutaneous tissue. plasma cells and t- and b-lymphocytes were the predominant cellular components of the infiltrate. the patient had an elevat ... | 1990 | 2188936 |
| [an evaluation of different methods for making vital preparations for the detection of borrelia in ixodid ticks]. | comparative assessment of suitability of darkfield microscopy of the preparation from the ticks dissected by needles in a drop of saline for evaluation of spontaneous infection rate of unfed imago ticks--vectors of lyme disease--has been made, by using ix. persulcatus and ix. ricinus collected in leningrad province as models. examination of 100 individuals by parallel exploration of the glass-covered drops and the preparations from the middle intestine of the ticks demonstrated the presence of b ... | 1990 | 2191203 |
| [diagnosis of lyme disease]. | | 1990 | 2192136 |
| [lyme borreliosis: underdiagnosed?--overtreated?]. | lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne mediated systemic inflammatory disorder caused by a newly recognized spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. its clinical hallmark is an early expanding skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) which may be followed weeks to months later by neurological, cardiac, or joint abnormalities. symptoms may be associated with any of these systems alone or in combination. all stages of lyme borreliosis may respond to antibiotics, but treatment of early disease is the most ... | 1990 | 2192269 |
| characterization of the heat shock response and identification of heat shock protein antigens of borrelia burgdorferi. | the heat shock response of borrelia burgdorferi b31 cells was characterized with regard to the heat shock proteins (hsps) produced. five to seven hsps were detected by sodium dodecyl sulfate-gel electrophoresis and fluorography of proteins from cells labeled with [35s]methionine after shifts from 33 degrees c to 37 or 40 degrees c or from 20 degrees c to 33, 37, or 40 degrees c. analysis of [35s]methionine-labeled hsps by two-dimensional electrophoresis and autoradiography revealed 12 hsps. west ... | 1990 | 2194963 |
| an update on the serodiagnosis of canine lyme borreliosis. | the first report of canine lyme borreliosis was published in 1984, and since that time there have been numerous reports. clinical manifestations have varied, and serology is often used to make the diagnosis. this review is designed to inform veterinary clinicians about the current serologic tests and their limitations. in endemic areas, the fact that up to 50% of the canine population can be asymptomatic, yet seropositive, suggests that positive antibody titers do not necessarily indicate the pr ... | 1990 | 2195165 |
| lyme disease. | lyme disease is a complex multisystem disorder recognized on six continents that is epidemic in some parts of the world during spring, summer, and fall seasons. it is an infectious disease caused by a spirochete, b. burgdorferi, which is transmitted chiefly by i. dammini and pacificus ticks in the united states and i. ricinis in europe. it is a disease with early and late cutaneous manifestations plus involvement of the nervous system, heart, eye, and joints in variable combinations. diagnosis i ... | 1990 | 2195920 |
| tick parasitism and antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in cats. | ticks were removed from naturally infested cats, and serum samples from these cats were tested for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. twenty-two of 93 cats (23.7%) had one or more motile stages of ixodes dammini attached. of 2 larvae and 20 nymphs removed from cats, 1 larva and 2 nymphs were infected with b burgdorferi. spirochetes were not found in tissues of 13 female and 4 male ticks. ten of 71 serum samples analyzed by indirect fluorescent antibody staining or elisa contained antibodies to ... | 1990 | 2196252 |
| a clinical approach to lyme disease. | lyme disease (also known as lyme borreliosis) is an emerging, newly described infectious disease with diverse clinical manifestations. the disease is caused by the spirochetal agent borrelia burgdorferi, which is transmitted to humans by the bite of certain species of ixodes ticks harboring the organism. the most readily identifiable clinical feature is the distinctive skin lesion, erythema migrans. if recently infected patients go untreated, approximately 15% will develop neurologic conditions ... | 1990 | 2196462 |
| [recent information on tick-borne diseases (ii)]. | tick-borne encephalitis (central european encephalitis) and lyme disease (erythema chronicum migrans) are diseases mainly transmitted by ticks of the ixodus ricinus species. the tick-borne encephalitis, a virus infection, can produce severe encephalitic symptoms. there is no specific treatment but the infection can be prevented by active or passive immunization. lyme disease is caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi). due to the variety of often uncharacteristic symptoms this infection is ... | 1990 | 2198681 |
| detection of borrelia burgdorferi using the polymerase chain reaction. | segments of the ospa gene of borrelia burgdorferi were amplified by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr). oligonucleotide primers used in the reaction flank a 309-base-pair segment within the ospa gene. after 35 cycles of amplification, the product could be detected by agarose gel electrophoresis or dot hybridization with a 32p-labeled probe. this segment was amplified in all strains of b. burgdorferi tested, but it was not detected in other bacterial species. an additional primer pair which has ... | 1990 | 2199482 |
| characterization of a tick isolate of borrelia burgdorferi that possesses a major low-molecular-weight surface protein. | an unusual strain of borrelia burgdorferi (dn 127 cl 9-2) that was isolated from an ixodes pacificus tick did not react with monoclonal antibodies (mabs) to ospa and ospb surface proteins, which are found in most u.s. strains. the strain exhibited an abundant protein with an apparent molecular weight of 25,000 (25k protein). a mab, 86 dn-1, that was prepared to the 25k protein was used in studies on the effect of proteases on the intact spirochetes, immune electron microscopy, and western blot ( ... | 1990 | 2199499 |
| evaluation of three commercial tests for lyme disease. | a commercial indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), and a passive hemagglutination kit were evaluated and compared with our in-house ifa and elisa methods. both ifa methods gave identical results but were less sensitive than elisa methods. likewise, the elisa methods were comparable. the hemagglutination method gave a statistically significant difference when compared with our elisa method (p = 0.018 mcnemar test). it is recommended that the passive h ... | 1990 | 2200637 |
| immunology of lyme disease. | b. burgdorferi is an organism capable of modifying the immune response of its human hosts in a number of specific and nonspecific ways. an understanding of immune changes can help with diagnostic and therapeutic decisions in lyme disease. | 1990 | 2200983 |
| lyme disease in small animals. | | 1990 | 2200984 |
| lyme disease in large animals. | | 1990 | 2200985 |
| stroke in neuroborreliosis. | a 20-year-old man suffered two thalamic infarctions during the course of neuroborreliosis and was successfully treated with intravenous ceftriaxone. review of 11 additional cases of stroke and cerebral vasculitis in neuroborreliosis suggests that there is a meningovascular form of the infection with predilection for the posterior circulation and an association with the european strains of borrelia burgdorferi. | 1990 | 2202096 |
| interlaboratory and intralaboratory comparisons of indirect immunofluorescence assays for serodiagnosis of lyme disease. | a conventional indirect immunofluorescence assay (ifa) and an anticomplement indirect immunofluorescence assay (acif) for detecting serum antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in humans were evaluated during a prevalence survey in northern california. sera obtained from 119 current or former residents of an area in which lyme disease is endemic were split and tested by the ifa in two laboratories and the acif in a third. the seropositivity rate ranged from 15 to 20% with 88 to 93% agreement among l ... | 1990 | 2203813 |
| [the clinical aspects of lyme disease]. | | 1990 | 2204134 |
| episcleritis, conjunctivitis, and keratitis as ocular manifestations of lyme disease. | a 35-year-old woman presented with a bilateral palpebral follicular conjunctivitis. subsequently, she developed a bilateral keratitis and, on a separate occasion, an episcleritis that was associated with a recrudescence of lyme disease and poor compliance with the antibiotic regimen. both the keratitis and episcleritis cleared completely after topical corticosteroid therapy and reinstitution of appropriate antibiotic treatment. this report emphasizes the importance of collaboration between inter ... | 1990 | 2205817 |
| spirochetal arthritis, including lyme disease. | | 1990 | 2206804 |
| [lyme disease: clinical and sero-epidemiological study of borrelia burgdorferi infections in belgium]. | lyme disease is a multi-systemic infection caused by the spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi: this bacterium, discovered in 1982 in the united states, is mainly transmitted by a tick bite, ixodes ricinus in europe. in belgium, a first seroepidemiological study of 3 years has revealed 190 patients and the whole spectrum of clinical pictures was observed, including the early stage of this infection in the skin (erythema chronicum migrans), neurological involvement and arthritis. the lyme borreliosis ... | 1990 | 2207461 |
| identification of the lyme disease vector in canada. | | 1990 | 2208344 |
| penicillin-binding proteins in borrelia burgdorferi. | penicillin-binding proteins were identified in borrelia burgdorferi membranes. a 94-kilodalton penicillin-binding protein was the first to be labeled with tritiated penicillin and was the first band to disappear in a competition experiment. its binding ability was destroyed when membranes were preboiled. in addition, several of these penicillin-binding proteins comigrated with bands previously identified as surface proteins. | 1990 | 2211530 |
| the many faces and phases of borreliosis. i. lyme disease. | lyme disease is increasingly being reported throughout the united states and many parts of the world. borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, is a spirochete that, not unlike the treponema of syphilis, can cause a spectrum of disease from the initial skin lesion, through widely varied symptoms and signs, to chronic neurologic and arthritic disability. the borrelial spirochete and lyme disease are the subject of this review. a subsequent article will review other definite and p ... | 1990 | 2212114 |
| the many faces and phases of borreliosis ii. | borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, has also been associated with other cutaneous conditions. acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and lymphadenosis benigna cutis are also caused by b. burgdorferi. recent evidence links some cases of progressive facial hemiatrophy of parry-romberg, benign lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin (jessner-kanof), lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, morphea, and shulman syndrome with borreliae. this article reviews the manifestations of the diseases de ... | 1990 | 2212138 |
| short-tailed shrews as reservoirs of the agents of lyme disease and human babesiosis. | to determine whether short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) serve as reservoir hosts for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) and the agent of human babesiosis (babesia microti), we examined nymphal ticks that had fed as larvae on shrews collected from 3 enzootic sites in coastal massachusetts for evidence of infection by either or both of these agents. xenodiagnosis indicated that 11 of 14 shrews were infected by b. burgdorferi. one of 3 piroplasm-infected shrews also infected t ... | 1990 | 2213411 |
| borrelia burgdorferi infection of the brain: characterization of the organism and response to antibiotics and immune sera in the mouse model. | to learn more about the neurologic involvement in lyme disease, we inoculated inbred mice with the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. we cultured brains and other organs, and measured anti-b burgdorferi antibody titers. we further studied a brain isolate for its plasmid dna content and its response in vitro to immune sera and antibiotics. one strain of b burgdorferi, n40, was consistently infective for mice, and resulted in chronic infection of the bladder and spleen. sjl mic ... | 1990 | 2215944 |
| [the first results and objectives of the study of lyme disease in the ussr]. | results of research on the prevalence, etiology, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, epizootology, and other aspects of lyme's disease, which was initiated in this country in 1984, are summed up. this borrelia-caused condition is now suggested to be a lead in morbidity rate among human diseases of natural nidus. the most topical, priority directions of further research are discussed. | 1990 | 2220040 |
| lyme borreliosis in the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mouse manifests predominantly in the joints, heart, and liver. | the authors describe the histopathologic evolution of lyme disease in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and normal c.b-17 and c57bl/6 mice inoculated with borrelia burgdorferi. starting on day 7 after inoculation, all scid mice infected subcutaneously in the tail with a low-passage european tick isolate of b. burgdorferi had clinical evidence of arthritis characterized by reddening and swelling of tibiotarsal joints. later on, other joints, ie, metatarsal and ulnacarpal joints were also af ... | 1990 | 2221014 |
| [how many peripheral facial paralyses are manifestations of lyme disease? a french multicenter study]. | the diagnosis of lyme disease is easy on the basis of clinical features only when it combines migrans chronic erythema, severe root pain affecting the limbs and facial paralysis, above all when bilateral. when pain is transient and slight and when erythema and the tick bite are absent facial paralysis may be mistaken for bell's palsy. the risk is that of failing to recognise lyme disease which may subsequently manifest itself as severe neurologic complications minimally sensitive to antibiotics. ... | 1990 | 2221718 |
| childhood lyme borreliosis in europe. | lyme borreliosis is a multisystem disorder common in childhood. it is an acute and persistent anthropozoonotic infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi (bb) which is transmitted by ixodes ticks. after the tick bite in summer, erythema migrans, meningoradiculoneuritis, or carditis may develop within the same season. later manifestations may be oligo-arthritis, progressive encephalomyelitis, or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. the most common course is probably asymptomatic. con ... | 1990 | 2226564 |
| uveitis as a manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs. | | 1990 | 2228757 |
| clinical and epizootiologic characteristics of dogs seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi in texas: 110 cases (1988). | of 2,409 canine serum samples submitted to the texas veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory between jan 1, 1988 and dec 31, 1988 and tested by immunofluorescent antibody technique for antibody to borrelia borgdorferi, 132 (5.5%) had positive results. clinical and epizootiologic characteristics of seropositive dogs from texas (n = 110) were examined. male dogs were more likely than female dogs to be seropositive for b burgdorferi. the most frequent clinical sign of disease described in seroposi ... | 1990 | 2228777 |
| western immunoblot and flagellum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis. | western immunoblot with a whole-cell lysate was compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a purified flagellum antigen of borrelia burgdorferi for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis. the assays showed similar sensitivities and specificities in detecting immunoglobulin m and/or immunoglobulin g antibodies in sera from 68 patients with neuroborreliosis and 44 controls with meningitis and encephalitis or with multiple sclerosis. flagellum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is more easil ... | 1990 | 2229399 |
| motility of lyme disease spirochetes in fluids as viscous as the extracellular matrix. | when properties of extracellular fluids that might regulate the ability of the lyme disease spirochete to locomote were investigated, the rate of progression correlated with viscoelasticity. such spirochetes flexed and rotated but did not progress in relatively nonviscous fluids and migrated increasingly rapidly as the viscous characteristics of the medium increased. the viscoelastic properties of various kinds of hyaluronic acid resembled those of a methylcellulose standard. the maximum velocit ... | 1990 | 2230247 |
| positive lyme serology in subacute bacterial endocarditis. a study of four patients. | lyme borreliosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder caused by the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. clinical manifestations are protean, involving the skin, joints, peripheral and central nervous systems, and the heart. however, the presentation of lyme disease often overlaps with that of other conditions. we describe four patients from a region endemic for lyme disease who had elevated levels of antibodies reactive to b burgdorferi and whose signs and symptoms were initially attri ... | 1990 | 2232087 |
| [data on the epidemiology of lyme disease in bulgaria]. | 134 patients with clinically, epidemiologically and serologically confirmed lyme's disease have been examined. 89.5% of them had erythema chronicum migrans, 112 patients (83.6%) were known to have had tick bites. the majority of patients were white-collar workers and townspeople. hungry ticks collected from plants were shown to contain b. burgdorferi. 497 foresters and animal farmers have been serologically examined, using an indirect immunofluorescence test. antibodies to b. burgdorferi in diag ... | 1990 | 2233527 |
| antitumor activity of borrelia burgdorferi cultures. | cultures of b. burgdorferi, their supernatants as well as washed cells revealed in vitro a considerable antitumor activity against cells of gardner lymphoma. németh-kellner lymphoma and lp-2 plasmacytoma. in in vivo tests an inhibition of tumor growth was evident, even if the treatment was started on day 4 after implantation of the tumor. the best results were obtained with the supernatants of the cultures. | 1990 | 2234219 |
| chronic lyme disease with an expansive granulomatous lesion in the cerebellopontine angle. | expansive granulomatous lesions in the posterior cranial fossa are rare and have not been reported in conjunction with lyme disease. we report a patient with verified borrelia burgdorferi infection who developed a tumor in the cerebellopontine angle. rapid growth of the tumor led to signs of cerebral compression and to hydrocephalus. surgical intervention was required despite florid meningitis. the histological examination showed inflammatory, nonspecific granulation tissue. the origin of this t ... | 1990 | 2234340 |
| protection of mice against the lyme disease agent by immunizing with recombinant ospa. | lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne illness caused by borrelia burgdorferi. the gene for outer surface protein a (ospa) from b. burgdorferi strain n40 was cloned into an expression vector and expressed in escherichia coli. c3h/hej mice actively immunized with live transformed e. coli or purified recombinant ospa protein produced antibodies to ospa and were protected from challenge with several strains of b. burgdorferi. recombinant ospa is a candidate for a vaccine for lyme borreliosis. | 1990 | 2237407 |
| [lyme disease in yugoslavia]. | presented are results of the last five-year period study of the lyme disease in yugoslavia. on the basis of published papers and professional communications over 2500 cases of lyme disease.were detected in our country within this period. presented are common epidemiologic and clinical features of the disease and particularly cases diagnosed in belgrade. since 1987 a group of various specialists has been working on the research project in collaboration with many centres in the country. indirect i ... | 1990 | 2238508 |
| epidemiology of lyme disease in virginia. | prior to january 1986, only one case of lyme disease was reported from virginia. in 1986-87, however, the virginia department of health observed an increase in reports of suspected lyme disease by physicians, despite the fact that ixodes dammini is not highly prevalent in the virginia tick population. twenty-eight cases of lyme disease were identified in virginia, of which eight cases occurred in 1986 and 20 in 1987. lyme disease appears to be increasing in frequency in virginia and moving south ... | 1990 | 2240015 |
| diagnostic tests for lyme disease. | | 1990 | 2242146 |