Publications

[erythema migrans. the clinical spectrum of borrelia burgdorferi infection].	17 patients with acute and chronic symptoms of borrelia burgdorferi infection are described. these cases, which were diagnosed within a short period of time at the männedorf-zürich hospital, suggest that erythema migrans disease is likely to be frequent in switzerland as well as elsewhere.	1986	3726507
lyme disease associated with optic neuropathy.	a 53-year-old man is described in whom ischemic optic neuropathy was part of the clinical picture of lyme disease. this finding has not previously been reported as a neurologic manifestation of the disease. such a complication could result from direct tissue invasion of the causative spirochete or may be due to immune-mediated inflammation.	1986	3728541
septal panniculitis as a manifestation of lyme disease.	a 22-year-old woman presented with fever, chills, photophobia, and headaches, followed by a centrally clearing erythematous skin eruption, migratory polyarthralgias, conjunctivitis, and subsequently, tender, nodular skin lesions. antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were consistent with acute lyme disease. skin biopsy revealed acute septal panniculitis. this dermatologic manifestation has not been previously described in lyme disease.	1986	3728543
neurologic abnormalities in lyme disease without erythema chronicum migrans.	the clinical features in eight patients with neurologic abnormalities typical of lyme disease and elevated titers of antibody to the spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, its causative agent, are described. none of the patients had the diagnostic skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans. lyme arthritis, the other clinical marker for the disease, developed subsequently in only three. the neurologic abnormalities included aseptic meningitis, encephalitis, cranial neuritis, motor and sensory radiculitis ...	1986	3728556
[borrelia-associated dermatoses].	erythema chronicum migrans (e.c.m.), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (a.c.a.) and lymphadenosis benigna cutis (l.b.c.) are infectious diseases according to koch's criteria, after the infectious agent-borrelia-burgdorferi-could could be isolated. clinic, pathology and therapy of these three diseases are presented in detail. the correlation to the lyme disease is being discussed. we believe that e.c.m., a.c.a. and l.b.c. are different entities determined by the virulence of the infectious agen ...	1986	3744416
passive immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with the lyme disease spirochete.	hamsters passively immunized with as little as 0.0125 ml of immune rabbit serum (indirect fluorescent-antibody titer, 1:8,192) were protected from challenge with 1,000 50% infective doses of borrelia burgdorferi. cross-protection studies with minnesota and connecticut isolates of b. burgdorferi indicated no major differences in their capacity to elicit mutually protective antibodies in rabbits.	1986	3744563
specificity of csf antibodies against components of borrelia burgdorferi in patients with meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth.	the specificity of immunoglobulin (ig) for components of borrelia burgdorferi was investigated in cerebrospinal fluid (csf), serum and in csf oligoclonal bands from nine patients with meningopolyneuritis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (mpn-gbb). all patients showed specific igg and igm antibodies in serum and csf when incubated with a lysate of b. burgdorferi strain b 31. specific antibody was detected in csf but not in paired serum samples, indicating intrathecal synthesis. investigation of the speci ...	1986	3746362
lyme disease.		1986	3747983
[lyme disease (erythema migrans disease)].		1986	3750228
concurrent borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti infection in nymphal ixodes dammini.	ixodes dammini nymphs were examined for evidence of concurrent infection with borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti. a total of 19 nymphs (18.6%) from nantucket island were simultaneously infected, as were 24 nymphs (8.2%) from naushon island. these observations are consistent with a common reservoir host for both i. dammini-transmitted pathogens.	1986	3760136
newly recognized leptospira species ("leptospira inadai" serovar lyme) isolated from human skin.	leptospira strain 10, which represents a new leptospira species, was isolated from a skin biopsy of a patient with lyme disease. although pathogenic for laboratory animals, the organism was not considered to have a significant role in the patient's illness.	1986	3760144
optic disc edema and lyme disease.	a seven-year-old child developed a febrile rash, migratory arthritis, and neurologic signs. three days earlier, the child had been bitten by a tick. an eye examination two months later revealed bilateral papilledema, although the cerebrospinal fluid pressure was 170 mm. the igm antibody titer for the ixodes dammini spirochete was 1:256. i dammini is the tick vector for the borrelia spirochete that causes lyme disease. the papilledema receded with treatment over a month's time, and bilateral pigm ...	1986	3767210
borrelia isolated from cerebrospinal fluid in a french case of lyme disease.		1986	3767472
lyme disease: new insights.		1986	3770244
active immunization of hamsters against experimental infection with borrelia burgdorferi.	the immunogenicity of a single dose of a whole-cell vaccine of inactivated borrelia burgdorferi hsf (human spinal fluid isolate) was evaluated. syrian hamsters were vaccinated subcutaneously and challenged by the intraperitoneal injection of 1,000 50% infectious doses of b. burgdorferi hsf 30 or 90 days postvaccination. animals were sacrificed 14 days after challenge, and the kidneys and spleens were examined for spirochetes by cultural procedures. at 30 days postvaccination, 86 to 100% protecti ...	1986	3781630
[disease (lyme disease) in pediatric patients in switzerland caused by spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) of ixodes ricinus].	lyme disease in children is studied in the light of questionnaires sent out twice to departments and divisions of pediatrics in switzerland. thirty-six serologically proven cases were collected. the 48 clinical signs attributed to lyme disease involved the skin in 40%, the nervous system in 40%, and the joints in 20%. they were erythema chronicum migrans (13), lymphocytoma (4), acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (2), peripheral facial palsy (14), sensomotor radiculoneuritis (2), meningoencephal ...	1986	3787225
[the first serologic detection of lyme disease in children in czechoslovakia].		1986	3791470
arthritis and panuveitis as manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi infection in a wisconsin pony.	infection with borrelia burgdorferi caused panuveitis and arthritis in a pony. spirochetes were detected by direct immunofluorescence in the anterior chamber of the eye. the carpal joints had severe degenerative joint disease, with synovial proliferation. the synovium and serum had b burgdorferi antibody titers of 1:1024. the pony lived in an area of wisconsin where infection with b burgdorferi is endemic in human beings. previously, serum antibodies to b burgdorferi had been found in horses, bu ...	1986	3793582
[enlarged spectrum of tick transmitted spirochaetoses].	after the successful identification of borrelia burgdorferi as the cause of lyme disease, a new tick-borne infection occurring in the united states, almost identical spirochaetes have been isolated from the tick ixodes ricinus in europe. as a result, the spirochaetal aetiology of skin diseases, which had long been recognized as tick-borne infections, namely erythema chronicum migrans with its neurological complications of the tick-borne meningopolyneuritis of garin-bujadoux-bannwarth, acrodermat ...	1986	3804731
isolation of the outer envelope from borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi consists of an inner protoplasmic cylinder, containing the genome and cytoplasmic elements, surrounded by a number of axial filaments, all completely encased within a multiple-layered outer envelope structure (oe). in this study, a sodium dodecyl sulfate-mediated technique was used to isolate the oe from borrelia burgdorferi in an attempt to better understand this structure in terms of its antigenic reactivity to lyme disease patient sera. electron microscopic evidence sugge ...	1986	2437735
an ige response to spirochete antigen in patients with lyme disease.	most but not all lyme disease patients produce specific ige antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. development of ige antibodies paralleled that of other immunologic classes and appeared to be directed against a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 41,000. total serum ige levels in lyme disease patients were usually within the normal range in all stages of the disease. however, highly elevated total serum ige in certain patients were not correlated to any particular disease stage nor to specific ...	1986	2437736
diagnosis of lyme disease by demonstration of spirochetes in tissue biopsies.	in 14 patients with lyme disease skin biopsies, synovial specimens and a lymphnode showed lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, often perivascular. obliterative alterations of blood vessels and fibrinoid were characteristic for infection of synovium. spirochetes were demonstrated in all specimens by the bosma-steiner silver impregnation method. spirochetes were localized in dermal papilles and subepidermal zones of skin sections of ecma, in lymph vessels and collagen fibres. in synovia of patients with ...	1986	2437737
polymorphisms of major surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi.	forty-five isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, were examined with monoclonal antibodies directed against the surface proteins, ospa and ospb. eighteen of 21 strains of european origin could be distinguished from 24 north american strains on the basis of their reactivities with two antibodies, one specific for an ospa protein and one specific for an ospb protein. differences in antibody reactivities were associated with differences in the electrophoretic migrati ...	1986	2437738
immunochemical and immunological analysis of european borrelia burgdorferi strains.	borrelia burgdorferi strains (n = 23), isolated from patients (n = 8) and ticks (n = 14), were analyzed by sds page and western blotting with monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera (rabbit immune serum and sera from patients). testing the 23 strains by sds page 9 different patterns of major protein bands were observed. in contrast to us strains some of our strains showed only weak or negative reactivity with the ospa specific monoclonal antibody h5332. analysis with polyclonal sera gave furth ...	1986	2437739
[borrelia infections (lyme disease): what does a positive serology mean?].		1986	3940840
involvement of birds in the epidemiology of the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, was isolated from the liver of a passerine bird, catharus fuscescens (veery), and from larval ixodes dammini (tick) feeding on pheucticus ludovicianus (rose-breasted grosbeak) and geothlypis trichas (common yellowthroat). in indirect immunofluorescence antibody tests, isolates reacted with polyclonal and monoclonal (h5332) antibodies. studies on the dna composition of the veery liver isolate and the strain cultured from an i. dammini lar ...	1986	3943893
intrathecal production of specific antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome).	central nervous system infection with borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease in the usa, manifests itself most frequently in europe as lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome). we examined 12 patients with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis with cerebrospinal fluid (csf) antibodies against b. burgdorferi to establish whether these antibodies were produced intrathecally or were serum derived. by comparison of titers of antibody to b. burgdorferi with total igg and anti ...	1986	3944483
the histopathology of experimentally infected hamsters with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.	seven hamsters, experimentally infected with borrelia burgdorferi, were examined by both cultural and histological techniques at 1 to 9 months postinfection. spirochetes were detected in the spleen, kidney, or eye of all animals by culture and in the spleen, kidney, eye, liver, or heart blood of five of seven animals by histological examination. two animals showed nonspecific hepatic portal lymphocytic infiltration, while five of the hamsters displayed no significant histologic signs of inflamma ...	1986	3945634
seasonal abundance and hosts of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and other ixodid ticks from an endemic lyme disease focus in new jersey, usa.		1986	3950921
lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (garin-bujadoux bannwarth): from syndrome to disease?	in two children with lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome), igg and igm antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi were demonstrated. clinical and laboratory parameters of the syndrome are described and recent bacteriological and serological findings that link the syndrome to the american lyme disease are discussed, as well as the effects of antibiotic treatment.	1986	3956539
reinfection in erythema migrans disease.	two patients received oral penicillin for erythema migrans disease (emd) in 1973 and 1977. five and seven years later, respectively, they developed emd for a second time after being bitten by ticks. the first and second erythema migrans lesions appeared in different places. tests of sera evaluated for antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi before (in one case), during and after the second episode of emd remained negative (patient 1) or yielded an at least four-fold rise of igg antibody titers, but d ...	1986	3957434
ixodid tick attacks on man in israel: medical implications.	various species of ixodid ticks that have been recorded to attack man were surveyed, and boutonneuse fever caused by rickettsia conorii, which is transmitted in israel by rhipicephalus sanguineus s.l., is reviewed. only in one case were a complement fixation test and exact determination of the species of the tick performed. tick toxicosis and tick paralysis are discussed, and the possibility of human babesiosis and lyme disease or erythema chronicum migrans appearing in israel is considered.	1986	3957641
[neurologic manifestations of borrelia burgdorferi infections].	lyme disease, first recognized in 1975, typically begins in summer with erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) followed some months later by neurological symptoms (meningoencephalitis, cranial neuropathy), associated with carditis and arthritis. bannwarth's syndrome is characterized by an ecm followed by radicular pain and radicular sensory and motor disturbances, accompanied by aseptic meningitis. in both cases the cerebrospinal fluid typically shows marked lymphocytic pleocytosis accompanied by an o ...	1986	3961463
clinical manifestations of lyme disease.	lyme disease typically begins with a unique skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) (stage 1). patients with this lesion may also have headache, meningeal irritation, mild encephalopathy, multiple annular secondary lesions, malar or urticarial rash, generalized lymphadenopathy and splenomegaly, migratory musculoskeletal pain, hepatitis, sore throat, non-productive cough, conjunctivitis, periorbital edema, or testicular swelling. after a few weeks to months (stage 2), about 15% of patients ...	1986	3554839
lyme arthritis in germany.	lyme arthritis appears not to be a rare manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi infection in germany. we report 20 cases of the illness occurring in south germany. in eleven of our patients arthritis was the only clinical manifestation of the infection; the diagnosis in those cases has only been verified by the detection of specific antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi with indirect immunofluorescence and igg western blot technique. in comparison with previous reports of lyme arthritis the quota of ...	1986	3554841
demonstration of borrelia burgdorferi in a patient with chronic lyme arthritis.		1986	3554842
experimental inoculation of dogs with borrelia burgdorferi.	to determine if dogs could serve as a reservoir for borrelia burgdorferi, three beagles were inoculated subcutaneously (sq) with 200 laboratory cultured spirochetes which were originally isolated from blood of a peromyscus leucopus from ft. mccoy, wisc. one four month old beagle was inoculated sq with 5 ground ixodes dammini from shelter island, n.y. which came from an area with a 50% b. burgdorferi tick infection rate; and another uninfected four month old beagle was housed loose on the floor w ...	1986	3554844
potential role of native and exotic deer and their associated ticks (acari: ixodidae) in the ecology of lyme disease in california, usa.	the relationship of native columbian black-tailed deer, two species of exotic deer (axis and fallow), and their ticks to the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, was studied in coastal and inland areas of northern california, usa. spirochetemias were detected in 27% of black-tailed deer, 50% of axis deer, and 56% of fallow deer collected in late fall and winter. antibody prevalence was 38% in black-tailed deer, 24% in fallow deer, and 6% in axis deer. one to 3 tick species were collect ...	1986	3554845
discovery of the lyme disease spirochete: a historical review.		1986	3554846
meningopolyneuritis bannwarth with focal nodular myositis. a new aspect in lyme borreliosis.	a patient with serologically confirmed infection by borrelia burgdorferi presenting with painful paresis and atrophy of the proximal muscles of both upper extremities and bilateral facial paresis is described. electromyography showed a neurogenic and myopathic pattern, and creatine kinase was raised. muscle biopsy revealed the typical signs of focal myositis. treatment with i.v. penicillin led to dramatic clinical and serological improvement. muscle biopsy was repeated 2 months later; neurogenic ...	1986	3807266
[lyme disease--a "new" disease (or: diseases also have a history)].		1986	3811406
a role for interleukin-1 in the pathogenesis of lyme disease.	interleukin-1 (il-1) is the major immunoregulatory molecule produced by macrophages in response to a variety of environmental insults including chemicals, phagocytosis, bacteria, and bacterial products. macrophages stimulated by borrelia burgdorferi produced large quantities of il-1 when spirochetes were added to macrophages at a ratio of 10 spirochetes per macrophage. the release of il-1 was dose dependent: a single spirochete per macrophage was sufficient to produce significant quantities of i ...	1986	3495083
adherence of lyme disease spirochetes to rat lymphocytes.	in the present work, the capacity of lyme disease (ld) spirochetes to spontaneously adhere to rat lymphocytes has been evaluated. borrelia organisms adhere to thymus, spleen, payer's patches and peripheral blood lymphocytes in a higher frequency than that observed with salmonella minnesota r345 (rb) used as reference strain. employing enriched splenic t and b cell populations, spirochete binding to b lymphocytes is more elevated than that obtained with salmonella, while similar percentage of t c ...	1986	3495084
[isolated meningoencephalitis in lyme disease].		1987	3579101
[tick-borne erythematous spirochetosis (tick-borne annular erythema. bannwarth syndrome, lyme disease)].		1987	3554857
lyme disease: a review.		1987	3468679
[pericardial manifestations of lyme disease].	among cardiac manifestations of lyme disease, pericardic involvement, as the main symptom, seems to be exceptional. we report two cases of pericarditis with typical clinical features. in both cases, pericarditis was the only clinical sign of the disease. diagnosis was based on significant high serological antibodies levels with no evidence of any other etiological factor. penicillin was administered and lead in one case to negativation of the serology. as cardiac involvement can occur without an ...	1987	3450205
[cases of borreliosis (lyme disease) in western pomerania].		1987	3432570
lyme disease: a rare cause of arthritis?		1987	3153609
[results of the detection of lyme disease in the central bohemian region. preliminary report].		1987	2961474
[inflammatory polyenthesopathy, an unusual manifestation of lyme disease].		1987	2962148
lyme disease: cause of a treatable peripheral neuropathy.	peripheral nerve dysfunction was demonstrated in 36% of patients with late lyme disease. of 36 patients evaluated, 14 had prominent limb paresthesias. thirteen of these had neurophysiologic evidence of peripheral neuropathy; neurologic examinations were normal in most. repeat testing following treatment documented rapid improvement in 11 of 12. we conclude that this neuropathy, which is quite different from the infrequent peripheral nerve syndromes previously described in this illness, is common ...	1987	3670609
lyme disease misdiagnosed as a brown recluse spider bite.		1987	3662296
the clinical evolution of lyme arthritis.	to determine the clinical evolution of lyme arthritis, 55 patients who did not receive antibiotic therapy for erythema chronicum migrans were followed longitudinally for a mean duration of 6 years. of the 55 patients, 11 (20%) had no subsequent manifestations of lyme disease. from 1 day to 8 weeks after disease onset, 10 of the patients (18%) began to have brief episodes of joint, periarticular, or musculoskeletal pain for as long as 6 years, but they never developed objective joint abnormalitie ...	1987	3662285
stillbirth following maternal lyme disease.		1987	3480464
[lyme disease disclosed by urticaria].		1987	2959929
lyme disease.		1987	18750334
[acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and lyme disease].		1987	3316103
lyme disease and hla-dr antigens.		1987	3120351
granulomatous hepatitis associated with lyme disease.		1987	2887904
seed ticks.	seed ticks, the first-stage larvae of hard ticks, are not always recognized. they are tiny (0.6 mm) and have six legs, rather than the eight legs found on nymphal and adult ticks. seed ticks may transmit rocky mountain spotted fever, tularemia, babesiosis and lyme disease. pediculocides are effective in removing the larvae.	1987	3630877
[lyme disease].		1987	3579490
eye findings in lyme disease.		1987	3568649
three further cases of lyme disease.		1987	3103771
from new to old england: the progress of lyme disease.		1987	3103755
a case of lyme disease in a 9-year-old black male.		1987	3827964
[lyme disease--a new nosologic unit].		1987	3824941
lyme disease in france.		1987	3591099
lyme disease in italy.	we present the first cases of lyme disease found in italy. the diagnosis was based on clinical and laboratory data. the antigen used for indirect immunofluorescence (i.i.f.) was kindly supplied to us by prof. r. ackermann (köln). reciprocal titer was 64 in five patients, 128 in six, 256 in three and 512 in one. the patients came either from the eastern ligurian coast or the trieste karst: these are consequently the first two italian areas where lyme disease has been recognized up to the present.	1987	3591098
electrophysiologic findings in meningopolyneuritis of garin-bujadoux-bannwarth.	previous reports on neuropathy in lyme disease and related disorders suggest predominant demyelination in most of the few cases investigated. we analysed retrospectively electrophysiologic data in 29 patients with mpn-gbb. in peripheral nerve involvement slowed ncv and/or prolonged dl was the prominent finding, concordant with primary demyelination. distribution of pathology resembles mononeuritis. facial nerve palsy was common and often bilateral.	1987	3591082
cerebrospinal fluid findings in neurological manifestations of lyme disease.	the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) findings in 21 patients with different manifestations of lyme disease are presented. 15 patients exhibited csf changes including a lymphoplasmocytic pleocytosis and a csf protein profile indicating a barrier leakage combined with an intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis. six patients-mainly suffering from cranial neuritis-had a normal csf.	1987	3591080
treatment of lyme disease.	we compared phenoxymethyl penicillin, erythromycin, and tetracycline, in each instance 250 mg four times a day for 10 days, for the treatment of early lyme disease (stage 1). none of 39 patients given tetracycline developed major late complications compared with 3 of 40 penicillin-treated patients and 4 of 29 given erythromycin (p = 0.07). however, with all three antibiotic agents, nearly half of patients had minor late symptoms. for neurologic abnormalities (stage 2), 12 patients were treated w ...	1987	3109144
lyme disease presenting as recurrent acute meningitis.		1987	3115452
intrathecal igm synthesis in patients with lyme disease.		1987	3662458
lyme disease: an increasing health risk for school-age children.	lyme disease, a bacterial infection with noticeable short-term and serious long-term consequences, is the most common tick-borne disease. first described in 1977, lyme disease poses a significant health threat to school-age children exposed to the tick vector primarily in three specific regions of the united states. this article describes lyme disease and its clinical signs and symptoms, and discusses the school nurse's role in identification, management, and prevention of this new health risk.	1987	3650594
lyme disease as cause of childhood arthritis.		1987	3631012
skin and nail changes in the arthritic foot.	the arthritic process is unlikely to be confined to the foot; similarly the cutaneous lesions associated with the arthritic foot are often widespread. careful examination of the skin and nails, particularly the finger nails, may be helpful in the differential diagnosis when the patient presents with a painful foot joint. conversely, certain cutaneous lesions may alert the physician to the possibility of joint disorders presenting at some later date. in this chapter, it is not possible to mention ...	1987	3331326
cutaneous manifestations of neurologic infections in children.	neurologic infections in children are frequently accompanied by cutaneous findings that may direct the physician toward the correct diagnosis. in some instances, the appearance of an eruption (such as erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease) is specific or a rapid bedside diagnostic test (tzanck preparation for herpes simplex) is extremely helpful in sorting out the differential diagnosis of a child's illness. in this article, cutaneous clues to some of the more important childhood infection ...	1987	3306337
[lyme disease: an infection with localization in various organs].		1987	2821410
serologically substantiated case of lyme disease and potential tick vectors in alabama.		1987	3661896
[lyme disease: a recently known multiple systemic disease].		1987	3322709
lyme meningoencephalitis: report of a severe, penicillin-resistant case.	although lyme disease frequently attacks the central nervous system, this involvement is rarely severe, and high-dose intravenous penicillin usually is adequate treatment. the patient we describe developed severe lyme meningoencephalitis despite receiving a full course of penicillin, and his condition continued to deteriorate after reinstitution of this treatment. intravenous chloramphenicol was used successfully and resulted in a substantial improvement.	1987	3649235
lyme carditis: high-grade heart block in lyme disease.		1987	3600577
ceftriaxone as effective therapy in refractory lyme disease.		1987	3572042
[lyme disease. unfavorable course after treatment with amoxicillin].		1987	2955311
lyme disease.		1987	3109587
tick-borne lymphocytic meningoradiculitis in ireland: bannwarth's syndrome/lyme disease.		1987	3597040
[lyme disease of a neurological form. apropos of 2 new cases of meningoradiculitis].		1987	2956669
[chronic erythema migrans as initial symptom of lyme disease].		1987	3574543
focal encephalitis in a young woman 6 years after the onset of lyme disease: tertiary lyme disease?	a 19-year-old woman had severe focal inflammatory encephalitis. six years previously, she had had classic untreated lyme disease characterized by erythema chronicum migrans, bilateral facial palsies, and lymphocytic meningitis. during her recent encephalitic illness, lyme disease serologic tests were positive by indirect immunofluorescence microscopy, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western blot (immunoblot technique) testing. we hypothesize that the patient's focal inflammatory encephali ...	1987	3561045
severe encephalopathy associated with lyme disease.		1987	2882097
lyme disease in europe and north america.		1987	2882096
lyme disease.		1987	3496660
the surgical pathology of human lyme disease. an enlarging picture.	lyme disease is a multisystems infectious disorder caused by the spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. infection occurs by ticks feeding on mammalian hosts, including humans. the distribution of the tick and spirochete is world-wide and is especially prevalent where there are large deer populations. the disease is seen in three stages. stage i is a cutaneous rash (erythema chronicum migrans) consisting of lymphoplasmacytic infiltrates around dermal vessels. stage ii is characterized by varying forms ...	1987	3812878
reservoir competence of white-footed mice for lyme disease spirochetes.	using the vector tick, ixodes dammini, we described the reservoir competence of the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus, for the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. nymphal i. dammini were used to infect mammals, and larval ticks were used to diagnose infection (a form of xenodiagnosis). one tick was nearly as efficient as more than 1 in transmitting the spirochete to mice. the duration of the prepatent period was about 1 week. prevalence of infection approached 100% in ticks that ...	1987	3812887
isolation of antigenic components from the lyme disease spirochete: their role in early diagnosis.	patients with early lyme disease produce igm antibodies to a 41,000-dalton polypeptide of borrelia burgdorferi. with advancing disease, igg antibodies recognize a larger number of spirochetal polypeptides. sodium dodecyl sulfate treatment of spirochetes at a concentration of 0.03% resulted in an outer envelope (oe) fraction in the supernatant and a protoplasmic cylinder (pc) flagellar fraction in the pellet. shearing of the pc pellet followed by ultrafiltration and dialysis resulted in a flagell ...	1987	3819479
chronic progressive neurological involvement in borrelia burgdorferi infection.	five patients with chronic meningitis were hospitalized several times for progressive neurological symptoms. the clinical manifestations included cranial neuritis, radiculoneuritis, myelitis and encephalitis. in two cases cerebral infarction occurred. the course was commonly characterized by a tendency to deteriorate. from the clinical point of view, it was repeatedly difficult to exclude multiple sclerosis or tuberculous meningitis. finally, specific antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi were ...	1987	3819785
[tick-borne borreliosis. a case of chronic meningoencephalitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1987	3824285
[meningoradiculitis caused by borrelia burgdorferi].		1987	3824286
oral infection of peromyscus maniculatus with borrelia burgdorferi and subsequent transmission by ixodes dammini.	we determined if deer mice (peromyscus maniculatus) could be infected by borrelia burgdorferi and develop sufficient spirochetemia to infect larval ixodes dammini. ten p. maniculatus were infected orally with 0.05 ml phosphate buffered saline containing approximately 400 b. burgdorferi. on days 21 or 28 after infection (ai) larval i. dammini were fed on the deer mice. each of the p. maniculatus developed antibodies (up to 7 log2) to b. burgdorferi and b. burgdorferi was isolated from the blood o ...	1987	3826500