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update: lyme disease--united states. 19846480956
the spirochetal etiology of lymphocytic meningoradiculitis of bannwarth (bannwarth's syndrome).in all the sera of four patients with meningoradiculitis of bannwarth admitted to the neurological department of the university clinic grosshadern in munich in 1983, we found antibodies against ixodes dammini spirochetes. in three patients antibodies were also present in the csf. in one patient, we isolated spirochetes from the csf and demonstrated specific igg antibodies in serum and csf. this spirochete was morphologically indistinguishable from the i. dammini spirochete and a spirochete isola ...19846481420
genetic relationship of lyme disease spirochetes to borrelia, treponema, and leptospira spp.genetic studies were performed on the following spirochetes: three lyme disease spirochetes isolated from ixodes ticks and from human spinal fluid; three species of north american borreliae; four species of treponema; and two species of leptospira. the mol% g+c values for lyme disease spirochetes were 27.3 to 30.5%, similar to values of 28.0 to 30.5% for borrelia species but different from the values of leptospira or treponema species which ranged from 35.3 to 53%. lyme disease spirochetes repre ...19846490811
dna characterization of the spirochete that causes lyme disease.lyme disease, a tick-borne disease long recognized in europe but only recently recognized in the united states, was shown in 1982-1983 to be caused by a spirochete, the lyme disease spirochete. whether one or more species of the spirochete exists is unknown, as is its taxonomic status. to answer these questions, we determined (i) the dna base (guanidine-plus-cytosine) content for five strains; (ii) the dna relatedness of 10 strains from europe or the united states (isolated from ticks, humans, a ...19846490812
experimental transmission of the lyme disease spirochete to rabbits. 19846491385
[cardiac manifestations of lyme disease. apropos of 2 cases].lyme disease, a well-known entity in the united states, has featured only rarely in the french literature. we report two cases from the cardiology department with acute symptomatic atrio-ventricular block. the illness begins with migratory chronic erythema, which is the best marker of the condition. this is followed by neurological, joint and cardiac manifestations. cardiac involvement consists essentially in a-v block of varying severity, which rapidly regresses. until the recent discovery of t ...19846497303
human phagocyte interactions with the lyme disease spirochete.the interaction between human polymorphonuclear leukocytes and monocytes and the lyme disease spirochete was investigated by incubating phagocytes with microorganisms adherent to plastic or glass surfaces. both cell populations readily phagocytized and killed spirochetes, and antibodies facilitated but were not essential for phagocytosis.19846500703
lyme disease: a unique human model for an infectious etiology of rheumatic disease.lyme disease is a complex immune-mediated multi-system disorder that is infectious in origin and inflammatory or "rheumatic" in expression. through its epidemiologic characteristics, large numbers of a seasonally synchronized patient population are readily available for prospective study. lyme disease has a known clinical onset ("zero time"), marked by the characteristic expanding skin lesion, erythema chronicum migrans, and a clearly defined pre-articular phase. at least some manifestations of ...19846516449
chronic meningitis and lyme disease in sweden.we studied 35 patients with chronic meningitis. the neurological abnormalities included aseptic meningitis, cranial neuropathy (mostly facial palsy), motor and sensory peripheral radiculoneuropathy, and myelitis. neurological symptoms were sometimes preceded by erythema chronicum migrans or an insect bite and were often accompanied by fever, malaise, profound fatigue, and weight loss. the cerebrospinal fluid (csf) abnormalities consisted of a predominantly mononuclear pleocytosis, an elevated cs ...19846516451
vectorial capacity of north american ixodes ticks.ixodes dammini, the vector of lyme disease and babesiosis, is distributed in various locations in the northeastern quadrant of the united states and nearby canada. the life cycle of this tick, which includes larval, nymphal, and adult stages, spans at least two years. the tick over-winters between larval and nymphal feeding. horizontal transmission of pathogens is facilitated by a feeding pattern in which both the larval and nymphal stages feed on the white-footed mouse, peromyscus leucopus, and ...19846516453
discovery of the lyme disease spirochete and its relation to tick vectors.the various hypotheses concerning the etiologic agent of erythema chronicum migrans of europe and of lyme disease in the united states are reviewed, and an account of events that led to the discovery of the causative spirochetal agent in ixodes dammini is presented. spirochetes morphologically and antigenically similar, if not identical to, the organism detected in i. dammini were also found for the first time in ixodes pacificus and ixodes ricinus, the vectors hitherto incriminated, respectivel ...19846516454
dna characterization of lyme disease spirochetes.lyme disease spirochetes (lds) have phenotypic characteristics of both treponemes and borreliae. to ascertain whether one or more species of lds exist, as well as their taxonomic status, we determined the dna base (g + c) content for three strains of lds, the dna relatedness of ten strains isolated in the united states or europe, and the dna relatedness of lds to other spirochetes. the g + c content of the three lds strains was 28.1-29.0 mol%, most similar to those of borellia hermsii (30.6 mol ...19846516455
susceptibility of the lyme disease spirochete to seven antimicrobial agents.the antimicrobial susceptibility of five lyme disease spirochete strains (two human and three tick isolates) was determined. a macrodilution broth technique was used to determine on three separate test occasions the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of seven antibiotics. the lyme disease spirochete was most susceptible to erythromycin with a mic of less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. the spirochete was also found to be susceptible to minocycline, ampicillin, doxycycline, and tetracy ...19846516457
the global distribution of lyme disease.following the original description of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) in sweden in 1909, ecm became widely recognized in europe. the first reported case of ecm acquired in the united states occurred in 1969, and in 1975 the full symptom complex now known as lyme disease was recognized. in 1981, cases of lyme disease were recognized in yet a third continent, australia and, to date, cases acquired in at least 19 countries have been reported. beginning with the original case reported in sweden, cl ...19846516458
geographic distribution of humans, raccoons, and white-footed mice with antibodies to lyme disease spirochetes in connecticut.an indirect immunofluorescence test was used during 1982-1983 to identify antibodies to lyme disease spirochetes in humans, white-footed mice, and raccoons. serologic tests detected igm or total ig antibodies in serum samples from 67 persons. onset of illness, as marked by erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), occurred mainly during july and august. the majority of the persons with lyme disease lived in south central and southeastern connecticut. analyses also verified prior spirochetal infections i ...19846516459
avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a lyme disease focus in connecticut.spirochetes and their vectors and reservoirs were studied in a lyme disease focus in east haddam, connecticut, from mid-may through september 1983. ixodes dammini subadults were comparable in number on white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (means = 2.9 +/- 3.6 sd) to those on 27 different species of birds (means = 2.3 +/- 4.2 sd) representing 11 families within the order passeriformes. less commonly found ticks on birds (means less than or equal to 0.1) were immature ixodes dentatus and haemap ...19846516460
prevalence of the lyme disease spirochete in populations of white-tailed deer and white-footed mice.the prevalence of the ixodes dammini spirochete (ids) in white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) and white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) was studied on the eastern end of long island, new york. both species commonly occur in a variety of habitats, are preferred hosts of ixodes dammini, and can harbor the spirochetes in the blood. each animal was examined for spirochetemia, tick infestation, and ids infection rates in the ticks that were removed from it. the results obtained suggest that i ...19846516461
[etiology of erythema migrans disease and lyme disease. review and results of personal study].erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), lymphadenosis cutis benigna and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) have been well known in europe for a long time as skin diseases induced by tickbites. earlier hints that these inflammatory dermatoses and associated disorders (erythema migrans disease) might be of spirochetal origin are now supported by the findings of several groups in the usa and europe. in the united states the endemic occurrence of a new inflammatory disease which seems to be closely ...19846519987
infection of syrian hamsters with lyme disease spirochetes.syrian hamsters were shown to be susceptible to infection by the lyme disease spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. although these spirochetes did not cause any outward signs of illness in these animals, they did cause a generalized infection. spirochetemia was present during the first 6 days of infection. at 14 days postinfection, spirochetes could be isolated from one or more of the following organs: spleen, eyes, kidneys, liver, testes, and brain. spirochetes were isolated from the eyes and kidney ...19846520220
[tick-borne spirochaetales infection of lyme (lyme disease)]. 19846533687
infections acquired in the fields and forests of the united states.sportsmen, backpackers, and outdoor workers may present with unusual infections acquired in the fields and forests of the united states. infections to be considered in such persons with a febrile illness include rocky mountain spotted fever, colorado spotted tick fever, babesiosis, borreliosis, and lyme disease. the differential diagnoses for clinical presentations of pulmonary and gastrointestinal disease are also discussed.19846549506
parasitism by ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and antibodies to spirochetes in mammals at lyme disease foci in connecticut, usa. 19846694176
suppression of human lymphocyte responses by oral spirochetes: a monocyte-dependent phenomenon.spirochetes have been implicated in the pathogenesis of several human infections including syphilis, yaws, lyme disease, and periodontal diseases. we examined soluble sonic extracts of oral spirochetes (treponema denticola and t. vincentii) for their ability to alter human lymphocyte function. these organisms were isolated from subgingival plaque of patients with periodontitis. we found that sonicates of several but not all strains of t. denticola caused a dose-dependent inhibition of human lymp ...19846699406
amblyomma americanum: a potential vector of lyme disease in new jersey.amblyomma americanum is a likely secondary vector of lyme disease in new jersey. ticks of this species were removed from the site of the characteristic skin lesion known as erythema chronicum migrans on two patients with the disease, and the lyme disease spirochete was isolated from nymphs and adults of this species. that a. americanum is a potential vector is supported by its similarities to ixodes dammini, the known tick vector, in seasonal distribution and host utilization. the extensive rang ...19846710158
lyme disease.lyme disease is a newly recognized disease with diverse but characteristic inflammatory manifestations that involve the skin, joints, heart, and cns. the illness develops following the bite of the ixodes tick and is caused by a treponema-like spirochete. this article reviews the causal, epidemiologic, clinical, and laboratory features of this illness. since a large number of patients described with this treatable disease have been children and the disease may be confused with other more serious ...19846711502
antibodies to spirochetes in white-tailed deer and prevalence of infected ticks from foci of lyme disease in connecticut.white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were examined for the tick, ixodes dammini, and sera were analyzed for antibodies to spirochetes during 1982. of the 323 animals inspected in four areas endemic for lyme disease, 188 (58%) had adult ticks; parasitism ranged from 43% at haddam to 82% at east lyme. direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests detected spirochetes in 18 of 133 (14%) ticks. indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed antibodies at titers of 1:64-1:4,096 to this bacterium i ...19846716556
[tick-borne meningoradiculitis--a form of spirochetosis].three pediatric cases of tick-borne meningoradiculitis are presented. this disease is characterized by a distinct sequence of symptoms: erythema chronicum migrans, localized pain, and eventually radicular asymmetric neurologic involvement (in particular facial palsy) associated with findings of aseptic meningitis. on the basis of specific serologic data in these three patients, it is suggested that the etiology of tick-borne meningoradiculitis is also spirochetal , as recently shown for the tick ...19846729423
spirochete-associated arthritis (lyme disease) in a dog. 19846746395
geographical distribution and density of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) and relationship to lyme disease transmission in new jersey.as part of continuing studies of lyme disease, deer were surveyed during three hunting seasons in 1981 to obtain information on geographic distribution and density of i. dammini in new jersey. i. dammini occurred throughout central and southern new jersey. four deer management zones (dmzs) were shown to have high tick densities. geographical distribution and density data were independently regressed against 25 environmental and physical factors. elevation was shown to be the most important facto ...19846334941
lyme disease in wisconsin: epidemiologic, clinical, serologic, and entomologic findings.in 1980-82, 80 individuals (71 wisconsin residents) had confirmed lyme disease (ld-c) reported; 39 additional patients had probable or possible ld. all cases of ld-c occurred during may-november; 73 percent occurred during june-july; 54 (68 percent) occurred in males. the mean age was 38.7 years (range, 7-77 years). among ld-c patients, likely exposure to the presumed vector ixodes dammini (id) occurred in 22 different wisconsin counties. antibodies to the id spirochete that causes ld occurred i ...19846334942
[is lyme disease also in czechoslovakia?]. 19854084956
pseudotumor cerebri and lyme disease: a new association. 19854067752
[acute auriculo-ventricular block associated with lyme disease. a case confirmed by serology]. 19852933731
[between the early stage of lyme disease and afzelius' erythema chronicum migrans lies the atlantic]. 19854081432
[erythema migrans disease. 3 case examples with neurologic complications].the erythema-migrans-disease is closely related to lyme-disease as described in the usa, and represents a tickborne spirochetosis with highest incidence during summer and autumn. besides nonspecific general symptoms in its earlier stages, it is characterized by a distinctive erythema migrans; later, additional neurological, cardiac and/or arthritic symptoms may develope. its typical neurologic complication, the lymphocytic meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth, was observed in three childr ...19854069115
[therapy of erythema migrans disease (lyme disease)]. 19853928314
[diagnosis of erythema migrans disease (lyme disease)]. 19852411491
gallium-positive lyme disease myocarditis.in the course of a work-up for fever of unknown origin associated with intermittent arrhythmias, a gallium scan was performed which revealed diffuse myocardial uptake. the diagnosis of lyme disease myocarditis subsequently was confirmed by serologic titers. one month following recovery from the acute illness, the abnormal myocardial uptake completely resolved.19854064440
serologic testing for lyme disease. 19854026091
leads from the mmwr. update: lyme disease and cases occurring during pregnancy. 19854009904
lyme disease in italy: first reported case. 19854026422
lyme disease: a case report from south carolina. 19853861912
erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease.lyme disease is an inflammatory disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that involve the skin, joints, heart, and nervous system (1-4). initially described in 1977 and named after the rural town in connecticut where the first cases were detected in 1975, lyme disease has now been recognized in at least 24 states (5-7), canada (8), australia (9), france (10), switzerland (11), and germany (12), and in individuals who travel to or spend time in areas known to be endemic for this d ...19854011504
clinical utility of assays for circulating immune complexes.there are now many assays for the quantification of circulating immune complexes, each with distinct specificity and sensitivity. in a wide variety of rheumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic conditions, levels of circulating immune complexes may be elevated. in select situations, determination of circulating immune complex levels may help clinicians in the management of their patients. in lupus erythematosus, circulating immune complex levels, in conjunction with other immune parameters ...19853903373
atypical lyme disease or forme fruste. 19853849656
update: lyme disease and cases occurring during pregnancy--united states. 19853925314
lyme disease--a new rheumatologic disorder. 19854022553
[lyme disease: a new zoonosis transmitted by ticks]. 19853896516
lyme disease. the tick bite, the rash, and the sequelae.lyme disease may present as a characteristic skin eruption, an acute arthritis, or less commonly, an acute neurologic or cardiac illness. a carefully taken history, including a travel history, provides the key to diagnosis. laboratory tests other than spirochetal antibody studies are nonspecific. prompt antibiotic treatment is important not only for reducing the intensity and duration of the skin eruption but for preventing major sequelae.19853983029
[lyme disease]. 19853843405
diagnosing early lyme disease.the diagnostic value of clinical, culture, and serologic findings was studied prospectively in 41 patients with early lyme disease. fifteen patients had erythema chronicum migrans alone, and 26 had clinical evidence of disseminated infection, most commonly affecting the brain or meninges, other skin sites, lymph nodes, or joints. of 40 blood cultures, only one, from a patient with disseminated infection, yielded spirochetes. one of 10 patients tested with localized infection had an elevated igm ...19853970049
[2 cases of lyme disease contracted in france].two new cases of lyme disease are reported. both were contracted in western france. in the first case, a tick bite was followed by a typical erythema chronicum migrans and then a subacute arthritis. high levels of specific antibodies were demonstrated. in the second case, only erythema chronicum migrans developed and serology remained negative. at least, 16 typical cases of lyme disease have now been reported in france from several geographical areas.19854075472
lyme disease. a cause of bilateral facial paralysis.recently we had the opportunity of treating a boy from the northeastern region of the united states in whom bilateral facial palsies developed. after obtaining a detailed history and performing a thorough physical examination, the findings suggested lyme disease. we herein discuss our evaluation and treatment of this child as well as review the otolaryngologic manifestations of this rare disease.19853966898
lyme arthritis: radiologic findings.lyme disease is a newly recognized, multi-system disorder that may be associated with chronic arthritis. of 25 patients with severe arthritic manifestations the most frequent radiographic finding was knee joint effusion. intra-articular edema was often accompanied by a continuum of soft-tissue changes involving the infrapatellar fat pad, periarticular soft tissues, and the entheses, which were sometimes thickened, calcified, or ossified. later in the illness, the joints of some patients showed t ...19853964949
clinical manifestations of erythema chronicum migrans afzelius in 161 patients. a comparison with lyme disease.clinical symptoms were studied in 161 consecutive patients with erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and in a follow-up study signs of late manifestations were investigated. general symptoms such as headache, fever, myalgia and/or arthralgia were found in about half of the patients with a disease duration of less than or equal to 3 weeks. three patients had coexisting lymphadenosis benigna cutis. two untreated patients developed meningitis/meningoradiculitis and one untreated patient arthritis. t ...19852578705
lyme arthritis. spirochetes found in synovial microangiopathic lesions.in 17 patients with lyme disease, synovial specimens, obtained by synovectomy or needle biopsy, showed nonspecific villous hypertrophy, synovial cell hyperplasia, prominent microvasculature, lymphoplasmacellular infiltration, and sometimes lymphoid follicles. the larger surgically obtained specimens also showed striking deposition of fibrin in synovial stroma and a form of endarteritis obliterans. in 2 patients, spirochetes were seen in and around blood vessels by the dieterle silver stain. comp ...19853966535
demyelinating encephalopathy in lyme disease.a 38-year-old man from southeastern connecticut developed a diffuse encephalopathy with partial complex seizures, followed weeks later by arthritis, cryoglobulinemia, and increased serum igm. ct showed confluent low-density lesions in the deep cerebral white matter consistent with demyelination. neither the encephalopathy nor the ct abnormalities improved. lyme disease was diagnosed serologically 4 years later.19853969220
a single recombinant plasmid expressing two major outer surface proteins of the lyme disease spirochete.a gene bank of dna from the lyme disease spirochete was constructed in the plasmid pbr322. plasmid ptrh32, a recombinant that in escherichia coli expresses the two major outer surface proteins of the lyme disease spirochete, was identified. one of the recombinant products, designated ospa, represents a surface protein that appears to be common to all lyme disease spirochetes, whereas the other recombinant product, designated ospb, represents a more variable surface protein. this recombinant plas ...19853969554
illness associated with campylobacter laridis, a newly recognized campylobacter species.campylobacter laridis, a recently described thermophilic campylobacter species found principally in seagulls, has not previously been linked to illness in humans. six clinical isolates of this species were referred to the national campylobacter reference laboratory in 1982 and 1983. each isolate was confirmed by biochemical characterization and by dna relatedness studies. the six isolates were obtained during an illness: enteritis in four, severe crampy abdominal pain in one, and terminal bacter ...19853972989
the role of adult ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in the transmission of lyme disease in new jersey, usa. 19853981553
lyme disease in a 12-year-old girl.we report the case of a 12-year-old girl with erythema chronicum migrans, aseptic meningitis and knee arthralgia. rise of specific antibody titre against an ixodes ricinus spirochaete was demonstrated. circulating immune complexes and high levels of c1r-c1s-c1ia complexes indicating activation of the complement system via the classical pathway were found. the clinical features and the laboratory findings warranted a diagnosis of lyme disease.19853984718
mice as reservoirs of the lyme disease spirochete.in evaluating the white-footed mouse as a reservoir host for the lyme disease spirochete, we compared spirochete infection in vector ticks (ixodes dammini) having different histories of attachment to these mice, estimated their relative importance as hosts for immature i. dammini and compared the seasonality of tick activity and spirochetemia in mice. infection in trapped white-footed mice appears to be universal. prevalence of spirochetal infection in i. dammini correlates with frequency of att ...19853985277
borreliosis in dogs from southern connecticut.blood samples were obtained from dogs in tick-infested regions of southern connecticut to assess canine exposure to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease in human beings. an indirect fluorescent antibody test detected immunoglobulin (ig)m antibodies at titers of 1:64 to 1:512 in 22 of 84 serum samples previously shown to be positive with a polyvalent rabbit anti-dog total ig conjugate. analyses of paired serum samples from 20 seropositive dogs revealed temporal differences in ...19853997647
arthritis caused by borrelia burgdorferi in dogs.from october 1982 to may 1984, we studied 34 dogs from the lyme, conn area that had a history of tick exposure and lameness associated with pain, warmth, and/or swelling in one or more joints. large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in giemsa-stained smears of synovial fluid from 9 dogs, and spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) were found in 1 sample by darkfield microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. the geometric mean antibody titer to b burgdorferi in the 34 dogs was 1:2,70 ...19853997648
surveillance of lyme disease in the united states, 1982.lyme disease is a tick-borne illness that has been reported from three regions in the united states--the northeast, midwest, and west--which correspond to the distribution of the recognized vectors of the disease, ixodes dammini and ixodes pacificus. in 1982, a surveillance system designed to define the morbidity and geographic distribution for lyme disease by using a clinical case definition received information on 491 definite cases and 38 probable cases. of the definite cases, 489 were acquir ...19853998509
isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from mammals in minnesota.lyme disease spirochetes were isolated from the kidneys of two peromyscus spp. trapped in minnesota in september and october 1983. no spirochetes were isolated from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), red backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi), or shrews (sorexy cinereus and blarina brevicauda). this is the first report of the isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from the midwestern united states and isolations from these animals, which were free of ticks, suggest that the lyme disease ...19854001130
maternal-fetal transmission of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. 19854003991
chemical and biologic characterization of a lipopolysaccharide extracted from the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).a lipopolysaccharide (lps) was isolated from the lyme disease spirochete by a modification of the hot phenol-water method. the material was composed of 45% carbohydrate, 8% protein, 44% lipid a, and 1% 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid and accounted for approximately 1.5% of the cellular dry weight. the isolated lps possessed several biologic activities characteristic of endotoxins. the lps was pyrogenic for rabbits, mitogenic for human mononuclear cells and murine splenocytes, capable of clotting ...19854008983
[lyme disease in finland]. 19854017911
lyme disease: commentary from europe. 19854022392
unilateral blindness caused by infection with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. 19854026085
lyme disease. 19854029451
serological evidence for simultaneous occurrences of lyme disease and babesiosis.babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, are both transmitted by the tick ixodes dammini. serological evidence has shown that 54% of the patients with babesiosis tested have igg and igm antibodies to the spirochete causing lyme disease. likewise, 66% of randomly selected patients with lyme disease from geographic areas endemic for both diseases, but not from areas where babesiosis does not occur, also have igm and igg antibodies to b. microti. antigenic cr ...19854031555
fatal pancarditis in a patient with coexistent lyme disease and babesiosis. demonstration of spirochetes in the myocardium.a 66-year-old man developed fever, chills, myalgias, three erythematous skin lesions, and transient left eyelid lag. because of persistent fever, he was hospitalized 4 weeks after the onset of disease; a peripheral blood smear showed babesia microti in 3% of his erythrocytes. eighteen hours later, he died unexpectedly. autopsy showed pancarditis with a diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and spirochetes were found in the myocardium. antibody titers to both the lyme disease spirochete borrelia ...19854040723
response of mononuclear cells to borrelia burgdorferi. 19854051366
facial paralysis in lyme disease.lyme disease is a multisystemic illness caused by a tick-borne spirochete. once considered unique to the connecticut coastline, thousands of cases are now documented throughout the united states, northern europe, and australia. unilateral and bilateral facial paralysis may occur in up to 11% of patients with lyme disease. this paper reviews the clinical course, distinguishing features, and outcome of 124 such palsies in 101 patients seen between 1975 and 1984. the 99.2% spontaneous recovery rate ...19854058212
[lyme disease--tick-borne borreliosis in hungary]. 19854058917
isolation of spirochetes from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans in austria.spirochetal organisms were isolated from biopsies (skin punches) of the erythematous anular skin lesion of three patients with erythema chronicum migrans. the organisms were cultivated in modified kelly's medium and - after an incubation period of 2 weeks - discovered by dark field microscopy (x 200). compared with the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi the organisms did not differ in shape, motility and reaction with polyclonal antiserum. differences to b. burgdorferi were found in (i) ver ...19854060924
[etiologic and epidemiologic questions posed by erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease. apropos of 4 cases at the regional hospital center, rennes].the authors give 4 observations, made in rennes (france), of 3 cases contracted in france and 1 in canada, cases they think to be related, for 3 at least, to the infectious entity described by american authors under the name of lyme disease. if 1 of these cases was limited to an erythema chronicum migrans, the 3 others showed a beginning evolution towards a classical lyme disease. in 2 of these 3 last cases, the infection was perhaps cut short by a quickly applied therapy by antibiotics. they di ...19854075471
polyneuritis cranialis associated with borrelia burgdorferi.three patients with classical idiopathic polyneuritis cranialis, in whom no other aetiology could be detected, were examined serologically, by means of indirect immunofluorescence test, for antibodies (igm and igg) against borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiologic agent of lyme disease. in each case polyneuritis cranialis was caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi. therapy with penicillin proved to be effective.19854078585
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in new england horses: serologic survey.twelve of 50 randomly selected horses from areas endemic for borrelia burgdorferi had indirect fluorescent antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:2,048 against b burgdorferi. one of 50 horses from nonendemic areas had a titer of 1:8. this difference in the number of horses seropositive for b burgdorferi (p less than 0.002) and our finding that seropositive horses did not have agglutinating antibodies against potentially cross-reacting leptospira spp indicated that horses in endemic areas were exposed to b ...19854083595
[acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans--a borreliosis!].spirochetes were recovered from the skin lesions of two patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. both patients assume that they had a tick bite. sera from both patients showed increased igg-antibody titers to a borrelia burgdorferi strain isolated from the skin.19854086299
[discovery of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi)]. 19853842700
ecology of ixodes dammini-borne human babesiosis and lyme disease. 19853882050
the global distribution of lyme disease.erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), the skin lesion characteristic of lyme disease, was first described in sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ecm have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. in europe cases have occurred within the range of ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ecm in europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. in 1970 the first case of ecm acquired in the united states was reported, and in 1977, the full sym ...19853885366
rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using the igm-specific dot-elisa: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test.the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (ma test) for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the republic of panama, 102 sera were positive in the ma test and 93 of these sera were positive in the igm-specific dot-elisa. incidence of infection was 50 of 68 patients with the ma test and 48 of 68 in the igm dot-elisa. five ma test-positive sera were reactive only in the igg-specific dot-elis ...19853885773
babesiosis in wisconsin. a new focus of disease transmission.a confirmed case of human babesiosis was identified in august 1983 in a 54-year-old asplenic wisconsin resident. babesia microti was identified as the causative agent by blood smear morphology and hamster inoculation techniques. the patient's wife had clinically confirmed lyme disease in 1981 and had serologic evidence (immunofluorescent antibody to a b microti titer of 1:1,024) of recent babesia infection in august 1983. mice (peromyscus species) trapped on the patients' property and elsewhere ...19853886942
[meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux, bannwarth) erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system transmitted by ticks].the clinical spectrum of this remarkable non-syphilitic spirochaetosis (spirochaeta infection) of the nervous system is described in light of 53 further cases with reference to our earlier description of 47 cases. as the etiological diagnosis is not possible in all cases the knowledge of clinical courses is especially important. males are affected almost twice as often as women. the disease is especially prevalent in the sixth decade. usually, the syndrome begins in the warm season with exquisit ...19853894183
the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus: a vector of borrelia burgdorferi.to determine the significance of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, as a vector of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, a tick/spirochete survey was conducted in northern california and southwestern oregon from 1982 to 1984. of 1,687 adult ticks collected off vegetation, 25 (1.48%) contained spirochetes. of 715 ticks from oregon, 14 (1.96%) were infected whereas 11 (1.13%) of 972 ticks from california harbored spirochetes. an isolate of 1 of the spirochetes reacted sp ...19853898886
erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. early and late manifestations of ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia spirochetes.in the present thesis consecutive patients, 231 with ecma, 41 with aca and 20 with facial palsy (bell's palsy), have been studied. it has been shown that spirochetes, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus, are involved in the etiology of ecma and aca. this has been shown through the isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from ticks and from the skin of patients with ecma and aca. the spirochetes have morphological characteristics similar to those of the genus borrelia. no antigenic difference ...19853901647
isolation and characterization of the lyme disease spirochete from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans.the lyme disease spirochete, which had previously been isolated with difficulty from human skin lesions of erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease, was grown from six of fourteen skin biopsies cultured in a newly modified kelly's medium. in two instances the lyme disease spirochetes that were grown were also seen in histopathologic sections. organisms grew in clumps in liquid culture medium. all six isolates reacted with a monoclonal antibody to a 31,000-dalton outer membrane protein. only th ...19853902917
tick-borne borrelia infection in sweden.spirochetes were cultivated from 17% of 114 ixodes ricinus ticks in the stockholm area. three strains of these spirochetes were selected for studies by electron microscopy. these three strains had definite morphological similarities to spirochetes of the genus borrelia, as judged by the number of flagella, absence of cytoplasmic tubules, and dimensions. the three strains were not identical, but seemed to consist of two different kinds of cells, one with eight and one with eleven flagella. the th ...19853903977
[erythema migrans borreliosis in the federal republic of germany. epidemiology and clinical aspects].a positive antibody titre against ixodes-ricinus-borrelia (burgdorferi), using indirect immunofluorescence or elisa, could be detected in serum and (or) liquor of 935 (32%) out of a total of 2955 patients between january 1984 and july 1985. in 289 of these cases the typical clinical manifestations were lacking whereas a characteristic disease picture enabled a diagnosis to be made in 171 patients with negative or borderline antibody titres. the 1106 cases of infection observed covered all region ...19853905325
[chronic migrant erythema or lyme disease--a new tick-borne spirochaetales infection]. 19853907212
borrelia burgdorferi, a possible cause of bell's palsy?the etiology of bell's palsy (b.p.) is as yet unknown. in 7 out of 20 patients with b.p. we observed significantly elevated antibodies against borrelia burgdoferi (igm and igg) by means of an indirect immunofluorescence test (iift). controls were 50 healthy subjects and 25 patients with various neurological disorders. all were of comparable age and sex, with similar residential backgrounds. in this group no significant titer of antibodies against b.burgdorferi were detectable.19853912092
lyme disease in italy: first reported case.the aa describe the first italian case of lyme disease in a middle aged woman: the patient developed after a tick bite the classical erythema chronicum migrans lesions and one month later an oligoarthritis. by indirect immunofluorescence assay it has been found a significant titre compatible with an infection by borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease.19853913452
identification of endemic foci of lyme disease: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from feral rodents and ticks (dermacentor variabilis).borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was isolated from the blood, kidneys, spleens, eyes, or livers of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (n = 19 of 22) and from the blood, kidneys, or spleens of eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) (n = 2 of 2) captured at three foci for lyme disease in eastern connecticut. these bacteria were cultured most frequently from spleens (n = 19) and kidneys (n = 15). b. burgdorferi persisted in one mouse for at least 60 days. one spirochet ...19853926816
lyme disease and related disorders.lyme disease and related tick-borne diseases are caused by borrelia spp. this discovery has sparked off a revival of interest in the ecology, pathology and epidemiology of these spirochaetes.19853940015
antigenic heterogeneity of european borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from patients and ticks. 19852582217
differences between lyme disease and european arthropod-borne borrelia infections. 19852857456
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