Publications

interactions of phagocytes with the lyme disease spirochete: role of the fc receptor.	the phagocytic capacity of murine and human mononuclear and polymorphonuclear phagocytes (including peripheral blood monocytes and neutrophils), rabbit and murine peritoneal exudate cells, and the murine macrophage cell line p388d1 against the lyme disease spirochete was studied. all of these cells were capable of phagocytosing the spirochete; phagocytosis was measured by the uptake of radiolabeled spirochetes, the appearance of immunofluorescent bodies in phagocytic cells, and electron microsco ...	1984	6386995
susceptibility of the lyme disease spirochete to seven antimicrobial agents.	the antimicrobial susceptibility of five lyme disease spirochete strains (two human and three tick isolates) was determined. a macrodilution broth technique was used to determine on three separate test occasions the minimal inhibitory concentrations (mics) of seven antibiotics. the lyme disease spirochete was most susceptible to erythromycin with a mic of less than or equal to 0.06 micrograms/ml. the spirochete was also found to be susceptible to minocycline, ampicillin, doxycycline, and tetracy ...	1984	6516457
[lyme disease--another tick-borne disease in austria].	infection with tick-borne spirochetes (e.g. borrelia burgdorferi) may lead to the development of erythema chronicum migrans, acrodermatitis atrophicans, meningopolyneuritis bannwarth, and a special type of reactive arthritis named lyme disease after the american endemic area. since these diseases occur also in austria, their clinical features are described in this review; a clear distinction must be made between the neurological manifestation of lyme disease and those of tick-bite mediated early ...	1984	6396970
the global distribution of lyme disease.	following the original description of erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) in sweden in 1909, ecm became widely recognized in europe. the first reported case of ecm acquired in the united states occurred in 1969, and in 1975 the full symptom complex now known as lyme disease was recognized. in 1981, cases of lyme disease were recognized in yet a third continent, australia and, to date, cases acquired in at least 19 countries have been reported. beginning with the original case reported in sweden, cl ...	1984	6516458
geographic distribution of humans, raccoons, and white-footed mice with antibodies to lyme disease spirochetes in connecticut.	an indirect immunofluorescence test was used during 1982-1983 to identify antibodies to lyme disease spirochetes in humans, white-footed mice, and raccoons. serologic tests detected igm or total ig antibodies in serum samples from 67 persons. onset of illness, as marked by erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), occurred mainly during july and august. the majority of the persons with lyme disease lived in south central and southeastern connecticut. analyses also verified prior spirochetal infections i ...	1984	6516459
avian and mammalian hosts for spirochete-infected ticks and insects in a lyme disease focus in connecticut.	spirochetes and their vectors and reservoirs were studied in a lyme disease focus in east haddam, connecticut, from mid-may through september 1983. ixodes dammini subadults were comparable in number on white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (means = 2.9 +/- 3.6 sd) to those on 27 different species of birds (means = 2.3 +/- 4.2 sd) representing 11 families within the order passeriformes. less commonly found ticks on birds (means less than or equal to 0.1) were immature ixodes dentatus and haemap ...	1984	6516460
antibodies to spirochetes in white-tailed deer and prevalence of infected ticks from foci of lyme disease in connecticut.	white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus) were examined for the tick, ixodes dammini, and sera were analyzed for antibodies to spirochetes during 1982. of the 323 animals inspected in four areas endemic for lyme disease, 188 (58%) had adult ticks; parasitism ranged from 43% at haddam to 82% at east lyme. direct and indirect fluorescent antibody tests detected spirochetes in 18 of 133 (14%) ticks. indirect immunofluorescence tests revealed antibodies at titers of 1:64-1:4,096 to this bacterium i ...	1984	6716556
[tick-borne meningoradiculitis--a form of spirochetosis].	three pediatric cases of tick-borne meningoradiculitis are presented. this disease is characterized by a distinct sequence of symptoms: erythema chronicum migrans, localized pain, and eventually radicular asymmetric neurologic involvement (in particular facial palsy) associated with findings of aseptic meningitis. on the basis of specific serologic data in these three patients, it is suggested that the etiology of tick-borne meningoradiculitis is also spirochetal , as recently shown for the tick ...	1984	6729423
lyme disease--a review of the literature.	it appears that a tick introduces an agent--presumably a spirochete--into the skin (see fig. 1). immune complexes form and become systemic during the rash. some patients (identified by the presence of cryoglobulins containing igm, clq-reactive material, and depressed igg and iga levels) then alter their immune response and may develop neurologic, cardiovascular, or joint involvement. despite systemic clearing in some patients, the immune complexes localize to the joints where a chronic synovitis ...	1984	6233699
hla-dr in meningopolyneuritis of garin-bujadoux-bannwarth: contrast to lyme disease?	sixteen patients with meningopolyneuritis of garin-bujadoux-bannwarth (mpn-gbb) were examined for hla-dr antigens. in contrast to data in lyme disease (ld), which is caused by an identical or closely related spirochete, no significant association was found between the neurological disease and hla-dr. the reported association between neurological disease and hla-dr2 in ld may be due to the inclusion of cases with neurological disease and arthritis, since chronic arthritis in ld seems to be well c ...	1984	6596406
the spirochetal etiology of acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans herxheimer.	spirochetes were recovered from the skin lesion of 1 out of 10 acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans patients (aca). spirochetes from this skin isolate and from ixodes (i.) ricinus and i. dammini spirochetes were used as antigens in indirect immunofluorescence tests. all sera from 17 aca patients showed high antibody titers to the three antigens. seven of the 17 sera which had the highest titers had crossreactive antibodies to treponemal antigen detectable in the fta-abs test. the results indicate ...	1984	6084922
update on article on lyme disease.		1984	6490408
a focus of lyme disease in monmouth county, new jersey.	an endemic focus of lyme disease is present in colt's neck, howell, freehold, and wall townships in monmouth county, new jersey. cases of lyme disease have occurred in this area from 1978 to 1982. fifty-seven of the 117 persons (49%) who acquired their infection in new jersey from 1978 to 1982 live or work in these four townships, whose population of 82,491 is only 1.1% of the population of the entire state. thirty persons who contracted lyme disease were exposed to ticks at the naval weapons st ...	1984	6475916
update on lyme disease.		1984	6237095
[lyme disease in sweden. a patient with arthralgia associated with chronic erythema migrans].		1984	6471976
variation in a major surface protein of lyme disease spirochetes.	two monoclonal antibodies (h6831 and h5ts) differed in their indirect immunofluorescence reactivity when tested against 14 strains of lyme disease spirochetes. strains were bound by both antibodies, by h6831 or h5ts alone, or by neither. western blot and immunoprecipitation studies revealed that the determinants of both antibodies were associated with abundant proteins with apparent subunit molecular weights of ca. 34,000 (34k-range proteins). the following results indicated that the 34k-range p ...	1984	6735474
failure to detect endotoxin in sera from patients with lyme disease.		1984	6491371
incidence and cumulative frequency of endemic lyme disease in a community.	we conducted an epidemiological study of the cumulative frequency and incidence of lyme disease in a summer community on fire island, new york, an area endemic for the disease. fifteen (7.5%) of 200 persons studied in the community in 1982 reported a history of lyme disease. an indirect immunofluorescent antibody assay showed that seventeen (9.7%) of 176 persons had serological evidence of exposure to the lyme spirochete, including six of the 15 persons with a history of lyme disease. seven (0.7 ...	1984	6386994
[lyme disease with av-block in a woman after walking in the woods].		1984	6521574
cellular immune findings in lyme disease. correlation with serum igm and disease activity.	cellular immune findings were studied in 48 patients with various stages of lyme disease. at each stage, some patients, particularly those with neuritis or carditis, had elevated serum igm levels and lymphopenia. during early disease, mononuclear cells tended to respond normally to phytohemagglutinin, and spontaneous suppressor cell activity was greater than normal. later, during active neuritis, carditis, or arthritis, the trend was toward heightened phytohemagglutinin responsiveness and less s ...	1984	6237576
a case of lyme disease with cardiac involvement in the netherlands.		1984	27709480
antineural antibodies in guillain-barré syndrome and lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome).	antineural antibodies occur in guillain-barré syndrome (gbs), but have not been studied in lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome), which has clinical features in common with gbs. employing a sensitive complement-fixation assay with homogenates of nerve root and brain as antigens, we recorded positive serum reactions to either tissue in 14 of 18 samples from patients with gbs during the first three weeks of the disease. five of nine samples were positive during the fourth to eighth ...	1984	6333863
leads from the mmwr. update: lyme disease--united states.		1984	6716612
lyme disease.		1984	6741124
lyme disease as an etiology of "unexplained" recurrent monoarthritis.		1984	6472235
lyme disease in north carolina.		1984	6377093
update: lyme disease--united states.		1984	6425627
clinical manifestations and descriptive epidemiology of lyme disease in new jersey, 1978 to 1982.	clinical manifestations and epidemiologic characteristics of 117 cases (31 children and 86 adults) of lyme disease in new jersey from 1978 to 1982 are summarized. the male-female sex ratio was 1.9:1. an endemic focus in monmouth county has been recognized. erythema chronicum migrans was present in 93% of cases and was the only clinical manifestation in 25% of patients. nonspecific febrile syndrome, in addition to erythema chronicum migrans, was present in 45% of cases; 26% had arthritis. the pro ...	1984	6708273
lyme disease: prevention of the arthritis syndrome through early recognition and antibiotic therapy.		1984	6427143
[acute, syncopal auriculo-ventricular block in lyme disease].		1984	6231623
lyme disease: commentary from europe.		1985	4022392
[etiologic and epidemiologic questions posed by erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease. apropos of 4 cases at the regional hospital center, rennes].	the authors give 4 observations, made in rennes (france), of 3 cases contracted in france and 1 in canada, cases they think to be related, for 3 at least, to the infectious entity described by american authors under the name of lyme disease. if 1 of these cases was limited to an erythema chronicum migrans, the 3 others showed a beginning evolution towards a classical lyme disease. in 2 of these 3 last cases, the infection was perhaps cut short by a quickly applied therapy by antibiotics. they di ...	1985	4075471
[lyme disease in finland].		1985	4017911
chemical and biologic characterization of a lipopolysaccharide extracted from the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).	a lipopolysaccharide (lps) was isolated from the lyme disease spirochete by a modification of the hot phenol-water method. the material was composed of 45% carbohydrate, 8% protein, 44% lipid a, and 1% 3-deoxy-d-mannooctulosonic acid and accounted for approximately 1.5% of the cellular dry weight. the isolated lps possessed several biologic activities characteristic of endotoxins. the lps was pyrogenic for rabbits, mitogenic for human mononuclear cells and murine splenocytes, capable of clotting ...	1985	4008983
isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from mammals in minnesota.	lyme disease spirochetes were isolated from the kidneys of two peromyscus spp. trapped in minnesota in september and october 1983. no spirochetes were isolated from white-tailed deer (odocoileus virginianus), red backed voles (clethrionomys gapperi), or shrews (sorexy cinereus and blarina brevicauda). this is the first report of the isolation of the lyme disease spirochete from the midwestern united states and isolations from these animals, which were free of ticks, suggest that the lyme disease ...	1985	4001130
maternal-fetal transmission of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4003991
lyme disease.		1985	4029451
serological evidence for simultaneous occurrences of lyme disease and babesiosis.	babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, are both transmitted by the tick ixodes dammini. serological evidence has shown that 54% of the patients with babesiosis tested have igg and igm antibodies to the spirochete causing lyme disease. likewise, 66% of randomly selected patients with lyme disease from geographic areas endemic for both diseases, but not from areas where babesiosis does not occur, also have igm and igg antibodies to b. microti. antigenic cr ...	1985	4031555
fatal pancarditis in a patient with coexistent lyme disease and babesiosis. demonstration of spirochetes in the myocardium.	a 66-year-old man developed fever, chills, myalgias, three erythematous skin lesions, and transient left eyelid lag. because of persistent fever, he was hospitalized 4 weeks after the onset of disease; a peripheral blood smear showed babesia microti in 3% of his erythrocytes. eighteen hours later, he died unexpectedly. autopsy showed pancarditis with a diffuse lymphoplasmacytic infiltrate, and spirochetes were found in the myocardium. antibody titers to both the lyme disease spirochete borrelia ...	1985	4040723
response of mononuclear cells to borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4051366
[lyme disease--tick-borne borreliosis in hungary].		1985	4058917
isolation of spirochetes from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans in austria.	spirochetal organisms were isolated from biopsies (skin punches) of the erythematous anular skin lesion of three patients with erythema chronicum migrans. the organisms were cultivated in modified kelly's medium and - after an incubation period of 2 weeks - discovered by dark field microscopy (x 200). compared with the lyme disease agent borrelia burgdorferi the organisms did not differ in shape, motility and reaction with polyclonal antiserum. differences to b. burgdorferi were found in (i) ver ...	1985	4060924
polyneuritis cranialis associated with borrelia burgdorferi.	three patients with classical idiopathic polyneuritis cranialis, in whom no other aetiology could be detected, were examined serologically, by means of indirect immunofluorescence test, for antibodies (igm and igg) against borrelia burgdorferi, the aetiologic agent of lyme disease. in each case polyneuritis cranialis was caused by infection with borrelia burgdorferi. therapy with penicillin proved to be effective.	1985	4078585
antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in new england horses: serologic survey.	twelve of 50 randomly selected horses from areas endemic for borrelia burgdorferi had indirect fluorescent antibody titers of 1:8 to 1:2,048 against b burgdorferi. one of 50 horses from nonendemic areas had a titer of 1:8. this difference in the number of horses seropositive for b burgdorferi (p less than 0.002) and our finding that seropositive horses did not have agglutinating antibodies against potentially cross-reacting leptospira spp indicated that horses in endemic areas were exposed to b ...	1985	4083595
mice as reservoirs of the lyme disease spirochete.	in evaluating the white-footed mouse as a reservoir host for the lyme disease spirochete, we compared spirochete infection in vector ticks (ixodes dammini) having different histories of attachment to these mice, estimated their relative importance as hosts for immature i. dammini and compared the seasonality of tick activity and spirochetemia in mice. infection in trapped white-footed mice appears to be universal. prevalence of spirochetal infection in i. dammini correlates with frequency of att ...	1985	3985277
unilateral blindness caused by infection with the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	4026085
facial paralysis in lyme disease.	lyme disease is a multisystemic illness caused by a tick-borne spirochete. once considered unique to the connecticut coastline, thousands of cases are now documented throughout the united states, northern europe, and australia. unilateral and bilateral facial paralysis may occur in up to 11% of patients with lyme disease. this paper reviews the clinical course, distinguishing features, and outcome of 124 such palsies in 101 patients seen between 1975 and 1984. the 99.2% spontaneous recovery rate ...	1985	4058212
lyme arthritis. spirochetes found in synovial microangiopathic lesions.	in 17 patients with lyme disease, synovial specimens, obtained by synovectomy or needle biopsy, showed nonspecific villous hypertrophy, synovial cell hyperplasia, prominent microvasculature, lymphoplasmacellular infiltration, and sometimes lymphoid follicles. the larger surgically obtained specimens also showed striking deposition of fibrin in synovial stroma and a form of endarteritis obliterans. in 2 patients, spirochetes were seen in and around blood vessels by the dieterle silver stain. comp ...	1985	3966535
lyme disease in a 12-year-old girl.	we report the case of a 12-year-old girl with erythema chronicum migrans, aseptic meningitis and knee arthralgia. rise of specific antibody titre against an ixodes ricinus spirochaete was demonstrated. circulating immune complexes and high levels of c1r-c1s-c1ia complexes indicating activation of the complement system via the classical pathway were found. the clinical features and the laboratory findings warranted a diagnosis of lyme disease.	1985	3984718
[acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans--a borreliosis!].	spirochetes were recovered from the skin lesions of two patients with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. both patients assume that they had a tick bite. sera from both patients showed increased igg-antibody titers to a borrelia burgdorferi strain isolated from the skin.	1985	4086299
[discovery of lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi)].		1985	3842700
ecology of ixodes dammini-borne human babesiosis and lyme disease.		1985	3882050
the global distribution of lyme disease.	erythema chronicum migrans (ecm), the skin lesion characteristic of lyme disease, was first described in sweden in 1909; subsequently, cases of ecm have been reported from at least 19 countries on three continents. in europe cases have occurred within the range of ixodes ricinus ticks, the recognized vector of ecm in europe, although one case outside this range has been ascribed to mosquito bites. in 1970 the first case of ecm acquired in the united states was reported, and in 1977, the full sym ...	1985	3885366
rapid serodiagnosis of leptospirosis using the igm-specific dot-elisa: comparison with the microscopic agglutination test.	the dot enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (dot-elisa) was compared to the microscopic agglutination test (ma test) for the diagnosis of human leptospirosis. of 177 sera from 68 soldiers who trained in the republic of panama, 102 sera were positive in the ma test and 93 of these sera were positive in the igm-specific dot-elisa. incidence of infection was 50 of 68 patients with the ma test and 48 of 68 in the igm dot-elisa. five ma test-positive sera were reactive only in the igg-specific dot-elis ...	1985	3885773
babesiosis in wisconsin. a new focus of disease transmission.	a confirmed case of human babesiosis was identified in august 1983 in a 54-year-old asplenic wisconsin resident. babesia microti was identified as the causative agent by blood smear morphology and hamster inoculation techniques. the patient's wife had clinically confirmed lyme disease in 1981 and had serologic evidence (immunofluorescent antibody to a b microti titer of 1:1,024) of recent babesia infection in august 1983. mice (peromyscus species) trapped on the patients' property and elsewhere ...	1985	3886942
[meningopolyneuritis (garin-bujadoux, bannwarth) erythema chronicum migrans disease of the nervous system transmitted by ticks].	the clinical spectrum of this remarkable non-syphilitic spirochaetosis (spirochaeta infection) of the nervous system is described in light of 53 further cases with reference to our earlier description of 47 cases. as the etiological diagnosis is not possible in all cases the knowledge of clinical courses is especially important. males are affected almost twice as often as women. the disease is especially prevalent in the sixth decade. usually, the syndrome begins in the warm season with exquisit ...	1985	3894183
borrelia burgdorferi, a possible cause of bell's palsy?	the etiology of bell's palsy (b.p.) is as yet unknown. in 7 out of 20 patients with b.p. we observed significantly elevated antibodies against borrelia burgdoferi (igm and igg) by means of an indirect immunofluorescence test (iift). controls were 50 healthy subjects and 25 patients with various neurological disorders. all were of comparable age and sex, with similar residential backgrounds. in this group no significant titer of antibodies against b.burgdorferi were detectable.	1985	3912092
illness associated with campylobacter laridis, a newly recognized campylobacter species.	campylobacter laridis, a recently described thermophilic campylobacter species found principally in seagulls, has not previously been linked to illness in humans. six clinical isolates of this species were referred to the national campylobacter reference laboratory in 1982 and 1983. each isolate was confirmed by biochemical characterization and by dna relatedness studies. the six isolates were obtained during an illness: enteritis in four, severe crampy abdominal pain in one, and terminal bacter ...	1985	3972989
the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus: a vector of borrelia burgdorferi.	to determine the significance of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus, as a vector of the lyme disease spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, a tick/spirochete survey was conducted in northern california and southwestern oregon from 1982 to 1984. of 1,687 adult ticks collected off vegetation, 25 (1.48%) contained spirochetes. of 715 ticks from oregon, 14 (1.96%) were infected whereas 11 (1.13%) of 972 ticks from california harbored spirochetes. an isolate of 1 of the spirochetes reacted sp ...	1985	3898886
[chronic migrant erythema or lyme disease--a new tick-borne spirochaetales infection].		1985	3907212
lyme disease in italy: first reported case.	the aa describe the first italian case of lyme disease in a middle aged woman: the patient developed after a tick bite the classical erythema chronicum migrans lesions and one month later an oligoarthritis. by indirect immunofluorescence assay it has been found a significant titre compatible with an infection by borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease.	1985	3913452
surveillance of lyme disease in the united states, 1982.	lyme disease is a tick-borne illness that has been reported from three regions in the united states--the northeast, midwest, and west--which correspond to the distribution of the recognized vectors of the disease, ixodes dammini and ixodes pacificus. in 1982, a surveillance system designed to define the morbidity and geographic distribution for lyme disease by using a clinical case definition received information on 491 definite cases and 38 probable cases. of the definite cases, 489 were acquir ...	1985	3998509
the role of adult ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in the transmission of lyme disease in new jersey, usa.		1985	3981553
identification of endemic foci of lyme disease: isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from feral rodents and ticks (dermacentor variabilis).	borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, was isolated from the blood, kidneys, spleens, eyes, or livers of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus) (n = 19 of 22) and from the blood, kidneys, or spleens of eastern chipmunks (tamias striatus) (n = 2 of 2) captured at three foci for lyme disease in eastern connecticut. these bacteria were cultured most frequently from spleens (n = 19) and kidneys (n = 15). b. burgdorferi persisted in one mouse for at least 60 days. one spirochet ...	1985	3926816
demyelinating encephalopathy in lyme disease.	a 38-year-old man from southeastern connecticut developed a diffuse encephalopathy with partial complex seizures, followed weeks later by arthritis, cryoglobulinemia, and increased serum igm. ct showed confluent low-density lesions in the deep cerebral white matter consistent with demyelination. neither the encephalopathy nor the ct abnormalities improved. lyme disease was diagnosed serologically 4 years later.	1985	3969220
erythema chronicum migrans afzelius and acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. early and late manifestations of ixodes ricinus-borne borrelia spirochetes.	in the present thesis consecutive patients, 231 with ecma, 41 with aca and 20 with facial palsy (bell's palsy), have been studied. it has been shown that spirochetes, transmitted by the tick ixodes ricinus, are involved in the etiology of ecma and aca. this has been shown through the isolation and cultivation of spirochetes from ticks and from the skin of patients with ecma and aca. the spirochetes have morphological characteristics similar to those of the genus borrelia. no antigenic difference ...	1985	3901647
isolation and characterization of the lyme disease spirochete from the skin of patients with erythema chronicum migrans.	the lyme disease spirochete, which had previously been isolated with difficulty from human skin lesions of erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease, was grown from six of fourteen skin biopsies cultured in a newly modified kelly's medium. in two instances the lyme disease spirochetes that were grown were also seen in histopathologic sections. organisms grew in clumps in liquid culture medium. all six isolates reacted with a monoclonal antibody to a 31,000-dalton outer membrane protein. only th ...	1985	3902917
lyme disease and related disorders.	lyme disease and related tick-borne diseases are caused by borrelia spp. this discovery has sparked off a revival of interest in the ecology, pathology and epidemiology of these spirochaetes.	1985	3940015
tick-borne borrelia infection in sweden.	spirochetes were cultivated from 17% of 114 ixodes ricinus ticks in the stockholm area. three strains of these spirochetes were selected for studies by electron microscopy. these three strains had definite morphological similarities to spirochetes of the genus borrelia, as judged by the number of flagella, absence of cytoplasmic tubules, and dimensions. the three strains were not identical, but seemed to consist of two different kinds of cells, one with eight and one with eleven flagella. the th ...	1985	3903977
[erythema migrans borreliosis in the federal republic of germany. epidemiology and clinical aspects].	a positive antibody titre against ixodes-ricinus-borrelia (burgdorferi), using indirect immunofluorescence or elisa, could be detected in serum and (or) liquor of 935 (32%) out of a total of 2955 patients between january 1984 and july 1985. in 289 of these cases the typical clinical manifestations were lacking whereas a characteristic disease picture enabled a diagnosis to be made in 171 patients with negative or borderline antibody titres. the 1106 cases of infection observed covered all region ...	1985	3905325
a single recombinant plasmid expressing two major outer surface proteins of the lyme disease spirochete.	a gene bank of dna from the lyme disease spirochete was constructed in the plasmid pbr322. plasmid ptrh32, a recombinant that in escherichia coli expresses the two major outer surface proteins of the lyme disease spirochete, was identified. one of the recombinant products, designated ospa, represents a surface protein that appears to be common to all lyme disease spirochetes, whereas the other recombinant product, designated ospb, represents a more variable surface protein. this recombinant plas ...	1985	3969554
borreliosis in dogs from southern connecticut.	blood samples were obtained from dogs in tick-infested regions of southern connecticut to assess canine exposure to borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease in human beings. an indirect fluorescent antibody test detected immunoglobulin (ig)m antibodies at titers of 1:64 to 1:512 in 22 of 84 serum samples previously shown to be positive with a polyvalent rabbit anti-dog total ig conjugate. analyses of paired serum samples from 20 seropositive dogs revealed temporal differences in ...	1985	3997647
arthritis caused by borrelia burgdorferi in dogs.	from october 1982 to may 1984, we studied 34 dogs from the lyme, conn area that had a history of tick exposure and lameness associated with pain, warmth, and/or swelling in one or more joints. large numbers of polymorphonuclear leukocytes were seen in giemsa-stained smears of synovial fluid from 9 dogs, and spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) were found in 1 sample by darkfield microscopy and immunoperoxidase techniques. the geometric mean antibody titer to b burgdorferi in the 34 dogs was 1:2,70 ...	1985	3997648
antigenic heterogeneity of european borrelia burgdorferi strains isolated from patients and ticks.		1985	2582217
heterogeneity of major proteins in lyme disease borreliae: a molecular analysis of north american and european isolates.	we examined 46 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease and related disorders, with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies. our attention was on the ospa proteins, which are major proteins of the spirochete. there were at least four discernible phenotypes of the ospa protein. while 25 north american isolates were, with one exception, homogeneous in the type of ospa protein that they produced, 21 european isolates were heterogeneous in the types ...	1985	2411827
antigen-specific proliferation of csf lymphocytes in lyme disease.	the neurologic manifestations of lyme disease include meningitis, radiculoneuritis, and cranial neuritis. in two patients, we investigated the proliferative response of csf and peripheral blood lymphocytes to protein antigens derived from the lyme disease spirochete. the response of csf lymphocytes was 5 to 10 times greater than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes. in contrast, in the one patient studied, lectin-induced proliferation was less in csf than in peripheral blood. these findings show ...	1985	2414686
meningoradiculitis associated with infections by borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	2862333
meningoradiculitis associated with infection by borrelia burgdorferi.		1985	2861356
[lyme disease without arthritis: presence of antiborrelia burgdorferi antibodies in meningoradiculitis following chronic erythema migrans].		1985	2931689
differences between lyme disease and european arthropod-borne borrelia infections.		1985	2857456
lyme disease in patients previously suspected of arbovirus infection.		1985	2861536
lyme disease spirochetes induce human and murine interleukin 1 production.	il 1 is a major immunoregulatory molecule produced by macrophages, and it appears to be the molecular orchestrator of nonspecific host defense mechanisms against a variety of environmental insults. many investigators have used artificial agents to stimulate macrophages to produce il 1. we now report production of large quantities of il 1 after a physiologic stimulus. the lyme disease spirochete, recently isolated and adapted for growth in vitro, was used to stimulate p388d1 cells or human periph ...	1985	2984284
[lyme disease: 2 new cases confirmed serologically].		1985	2933718
[meningoradiculitis caused by a spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) after arthropod bite].	eight cases of meningoradiculitis (garin-bujadoux-bannwarth's syndrome) are presented; the first case followed an "unidentified insect" bite and erythema chronicum migrans, whereas the second and third cases were not preceded by any documented insect bite or erythema; they occurred during summer in 1984 and 1985 and were characterized by cranial or radicular neuritis, lymphocytic meningitis, positive serology by immunofluorescence against borrelia burgdorferi and a good response to penicillin (2 ...	1985	3008294
[is lyme disease also in czechoslovakia?].		1985	4084956
[erythema migrans disease. 3 case examples with neurologic complications].	the erythema-migrans-disease is closely related to lyme-disease as described in the usa, and represents a tickborne spirochetosis with highest incidence during summer and autumn. besides nonspecific general symptoms in its earlier stages, it is characterized by a distinctive erythema migrans; later, additional neurological, cardiac and/or arthritic symptoms may develope. its typical neurologic complication, the lymphocytic meningoradiculitis garin-bujadoux-bannwarth, was observed in three childr ...	1985	4069115
[therapy of erythema migrans disease (lyme disease)].		1985	3928314
[diagnosis of erythema migrans disease (lyme disease)].		1985	2411491
gallium-positive lyme disease myocarditis.	in the course of a work-up for fever of unknown origin associated with intermittent arrhythmias, a gallium scan was performed which revealed diffuse myocardial uptake. the diagnosis of lyme disease myocarditis subsequently was confirmed by serologic titers. one month following recovery from the acute illness, the abnormal myocardial uptake completely resolved.	1985	4064440
serologic testing for lyme disease.		1985	4026091
leads from the mmwr. update: lyme disease and cases occurring during pregnancy.		1985	4009904
lyme disease in italy: first reported case.		1985	4026422
lyme disease: a case report from south carolina.		1985	3861912
erythema chronicum migrans and lyme disease.	lyme disease is an inflammatory disorder with a wide spectrum of clinical manifestations that involve the skin, joints, heart, and nervous system (1-4). initially described in 1977 and named after the rural town in connecticut where the first cases were detected in 1975, lyme disease has now been recognized in at least 24 states (5-7), canada (8), australia (9), france (10), switzerland (11), and germany (12), and in individuals who travel to or spend time in areas known to be endemic for this d ...	1985	4011504
clinical utility of assays for circulating immune complexes.	there are now many assays for the quantification of circulating immune complexes, each with distinct specificity and sensitivity. in a wide variety of rheumatic, infectious, neoplastic, and metabolic conditions, levels of circulating immune complexes may be elevated. in select situations, determination of circulating immune complex levels may help clinicians in the management of their patients. in lupus erythematosus, circulating immune complex levels, in conjunction with other immune parameters ...	1985	3903373
atypical lyme disease or forme fruste.		1985	3849656
update: lyme disease and cases occurring during pregnancy--united states.		1985	3925314
pseudotumor cerebri and lyme disease: a new association.		1985	4067752
[acute auriculo-ventricular block associated with lyme disease. a case confirmed by serology].		1985	2933731
[between the early stage of lyme disease and afzelius' erythema chronicum migrans lies the atlantic].		1985	4081432