Publications

prevalence of tick-borne encephalitis and lyme borreliosis in a defined swedish population.	sera from 346 individuals living on lisö, an area south of stockholm, endemic for tick-borne encephalitis (tbe) and lyme borreliosis, were tested for antibody activity to tbe-virus (tbev) and borrelia burgdorferi, using a sonicate antigen, by haemagglutination-inhibition and elisa, respectively. 10/346 (3%) individuals had a history of previous serologically confirmed tbe with encephalitic symptoms, and 33/346 (10%) had a history of previous erythema chronicum migrans (ecm). four individuals (1% ...	1990	2371545
aspects of the diagnosis of lyme borreliosis.	attempts were made to culture spirochetes from the cerebrospinal fluid of 105 patients with suspected lyme borreliosis with neurological complications. at the final evaluation, only 38 patients fulfilled the criteria of neuroborreliosis. spirochetes were cultured from the cerebrospinal fluid of four of these patients. all four had pleocytosis in their cerebrospinal fluid and a history of neurological symptoms of only four to ten days. two had no detectable antibodies in their cerebrospinal fluid ...	1990	2371553
borrelia burgdorferi: survival in experimentally infected human blood processed for transfusion.	the isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from blood raises the possibility of bloodborne transmission of lyme borreliosis through transfusions. to assess this possibility, the ability of b. burgdorferi to survive in human blood processed for transfusion was studied. human blood was inoculated with b. burgdorferi type strain b-31 (atcc 35210) at 0.2, 20, or 2000 viable cells/ml, processed by conventional blood banking procedures, stored at 4 degrees c, and cultured for b. burgdorferi at 12, 23, 36, ...	1990	2373880
[occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi in ixodes ricinus in the netherlands].	in a 1989 surveillance to study the infection rate of ixodes ricinus ticks with borrelia burgdorferi, a total of 1838 nymphal and adult ixodes ricinus ticks were collected from 20 locations in the netherlands. by means of a culture method using modified barbour-kelly-stoenner medium nymphs were examined in pools of 4 and adults were examined individually. with 63 out of 75 isolates propagation and serological identification were possible. all of these 63 isolates were identified as borrelia burg ...	1990	2374615
neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations of lyme disease.	lyme disease is a tick-borne spirochetal infection characterized by skin rash, neurologic, cardiac, and arthritic findings. the authors report six patients with lyme disease who had neuro-ophthalmologic manifestations. one patient had meningitis with papilledema, two had optic neuritis, and one had neuroretinitis. three patients had sixth nerve paresis, two of whom cleared quickly, whereas multiple cranial nerve palsies and subsequent optic neuropathy developed in another. early recognition of n ...	1990	2374674
lyme disease in alabama.		1990	2375275
lyme disease. employee education and treatment.	lyme disease is a complex multisystem disorder that begins with the bite from the ixodes tick. the ixodes tick carries the spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, and infects humans with the spirochete. the initial symptoms of lyme disease are the erythema chronicum migrans, or "bull's eye" rash, and flu-like symptoms. stage iii of lyme disease can occur weeks to months after the initial infection when more serious complications may develop, such as neurologic, cardiac, or ophthalmologic problems. if ...	1990	2375798
[infestation of ticks with borrelia burgdorferi and francisella tularensis in slovakia].	examination of ticks for the presence of f. tularensis resulted in the isolation of 29 strains, predominantly from the species d. reticulatus (19x), further from i. ricinus (8x) and from h. concinna (2x). the results confirmed the activity of the known endemic focus in the area of podunajské biskupice and revealed three new foci in the localities smolenice (district of trnava), olichov (district of nitra), and plást'ovce (district of levice). in the focus of podunajské biskupice the mean infesta ...	1990	2376012
[choriocapillaritis (so-called pigment epitheliitis) in borrelia burgdorferi seroconversion].	a significant b. burgdorferi seroconversion with an igm of 1:80 was observed in a patient complaining of loss of vision in his right eye. the finding correlated morphologically with hyperpigmentation and depigmentation in the macular region, similar to pigment epitheliitis or choriocapillaritis. in the course of the following four weeks the igm decreased by four titer steps. the visual acuity of the patient's right eye recovered from 0.4 on admission to 1.0 on discharge. the angiogram did not re ...	1990	2376946
simultaneous infection with an ehrlichia and borrelia burgdorferi in a child.		1990	2378481
cross-reactivity of nonspecific treponemal antibody in serologic tests for lyme disease.	serum samples obtained from 59 persons who had acute necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis, periodontitis, syphilis, or lyme disease were tested against treponema phagedenis biotype reiter, treponema denticola, treponema vincentii, and treponema scoliodontum by indirect fluorescent-antibody staining methods. although there were positive reactions for sera representing each of these study groups and for 20 (13%) of 156 samples collected from the general population (premarital screening for syphilis), ...	1990	2380356
reactivity of human lyme borreliosis sera with a 39-kilodalton antigen specific to borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi is the causative agent of lyme borreliosis, a spirochetal illness with a variety of acute clinical manifestations that may lead to debilitating neurological and arthritic complications. diagnosis is difficult because symptoms mimic a variety of unrelated clinical conditions, spirochetes cannot always be isolated from infected patients, and current serological tests are frequently inconclusive because of the presence of cross-reacting non-b. burgdorferi antibodies. to identif ...	1990	2380361
the 83-kilodalton antigen of borrelia burgdorferi which stimulates immunoglobulin m (igm) and igg responses in infected hosts is expressed by a chromosomal gene.	we report the cloning and characterization of a chromosomal gene from borrelia burgdorferi expressing an 83-kilodalton protein antigen in escherichia coli. the antigen reacted strongly with antisera from two human lyme disease patients. the chromosomal gene was expressed in a 6.5-kilobase-pair clai fragment cloned into a variable-reading-frame plasmid vector.	1990	2380391
time of repletion of subadult ixodes ricinus ticks feeding on diverse hosts.	for a comparison of the times of day at which the subadult stages of ixodes ricinus detach from nocturnal vs diurnal hosts, these ticks were placed on a variety of indigenous and experimental animals. the time of detachment appears to depend more on properties of the host than on the periodicity of tick behavior. ticks on rodents, regardless of host periodicity, tended to detach late in the afternoon; those on the hedgehog detached around midnight, and those on lizards and birds, during the morn ...	1990	2381897
ceftriaxone therapy of chronic inflammatory arthritis. a double-blind placebo controlled trial.	to determine whether chronic inflammatory arthritis may respond to antibiotic therapy (implying a bacterial origin), we conducted a placebo-controlled, double-blind study. sixty patients with inflammatory arthritis and antibody titers to borrelia burgdorferi 1:64 or more were randomized to receive placebo (n = 20) or 2 g/d of ceftriaxone intravenously (n = 40) for 2 weeks. two of 20 placebo- and 19 of 40 antibiotic-treated patients improved. at 1 month, the placebo-treated patients could elect t ...	1990	2383162
lyme disease: prevention and control.		1990	2385369
psychological impact of media coverage of lyme disease.		1990	2385370
lyme disease in new jersey.	lyme disease is a spirochetal infection endemic throughout new jersey. case reports from 1984 through 1986 suggest different high-risk groups and different disease severity than had been observed in earlier cases in the state. both sexes now appear equally at risk, while younger age groups, particularly children less than ten years old, appear to be at increased risk. mild disease is usual, although classic rheumatologic and neurologic complications can occur. informal surveys suggest lyme disea ...	1990	2385371
lyme disease--1988.		1990	2386663
status of ixodes dammini (acari: ixodidae) in illinois.	ixodes dammini spielman, clifford, piesman & corwin was found for the first time in illinois in november 1987, when two adult females were collected from two deer in jo daviess county in the northwestern corner of the state. in 1988, in a study of six state parks in northern illinois, questing adults and nymphs were encountered in one park in ogle county. during the firearm deer hunt in november 1988, adult female and male ticks were found in several counties, with a high rate of infestation (gr ...	1990	2388231
intrinsic competence of three ixodid ticks (acari) as vectors of the lyme disease spirochete.	we compared the intrinsic vector competence of ixodes dammini spielman et al., dermacentor variabilis (say), and amblyomma americanum (l.) for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi johnson et al.) on prudence island, rhode island, a lyme disease-endemic site where all three ticks occur together. natural and experimental spirochete infection rates were determined in those ticks and their degree of contact with white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus), the principal reservoir host, was ...	1990	2388239
computer simulation of rocky mountain spotted fever transmission by the american dog tick (acari: ixodidae).	a computer model was developed for simulation of the transmission of rickettsia rickettsii, the causative agent of rocky mountain spotted fever (rmsf), by the american dog tick, dermacentor variabilis (say). the model of rmsf was combined with a model for population dynamics of the american dog tick and included simulation of infection and transmission of rickettsiae between ticks and host mammals and transmission of rmsf to humans. the model simulated the effects of biotic and environmental var ...	1990	2388242
the role of medium-sized mammals as reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi in southern new york.	the ability of raccoons (procyon lotor), striped skunks (mephitis mephitis) and opossums (didelphis virginiana) to serve as reservoirs of borrelia burgdorferi, the spirochetal agent of lyme disease, was compared with that of white-footed mice (peromyscus leucopus). twenty-eight (28) medium-sized mammals and 34 white-footed mice were captured in westchester county, new york (usa) in summer 1986. animals were caged over pans of water for 1 to 2 days to recover engorged tick larvae (ixodes dammini) ...	1990	2388356
[multiple sclerosis or lyme disease? a diagnosis problem of exclusion].	there is no diagnostic biological marker in multiple sclerosis. thus, its diagnosis is based on clinical criteria. these criteria can also be found in other conditions. lyme disease is currently among them. in a late period of the disease demyelinating involvement of central nervous system can develop, and multiple sclerosis can be erroneously diagnosed. we have evaluated a series of 55 patients with a definite diagnosis of multiple sclerosis, and we have found evidence of infection by the causa ...	1990	2388492
cloning and sequence analysis of linear plasmid telomeres of the bacterium borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease agent, has double-stranded linear plasmids with covalently closed ends. dna at the ends, or telomeres, of two linear plasmids of b. burgdorferi strain b31 was examined. telomeric sequences from both ends of a 16 kb linear plasmid and from one end of a 49 kb linear plasmid were cloned and sequenced. an 18 bp at-rich inverted repeat was found at each end of the 16 kb linear plasmid. the sequences of the two ends of this plasmid were different beyond these sho ...	1990	2388560
lyme borreliosis-associated encephalopathy.	borrelia burgdorferi infection (lyme disease) is frequently accompanied by cns dysfunction. particularly common is a mild confusional state, the mechanism of which is unknown. since cns infection with b burgdorferi is usually accompanied by intrathecal synthesis of specific antibody, we studied csf in 73 patients referred for presumed cns lyme, manifested primarily as this confusional state. of 30 seropositive patients evaluated, only 5 had intrathecal antibody production. seven seronegative pat ...	1990	2392213
lyme disease.		1990	2392409
[determination of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in patients with morphea, lichen sclerosus et atrophicus and erythema chronicum migrans].	several cutaneous entities described in europe as chronic migrans erythema (cme), mild cutis lymphadenosis (mcl) and chronic atrophyc acrodermatitis (caa) constitute clinical manifestations of a borrellia burgdorferi. the presence of clinical and hystologic lesions similar to those of liquen esclerosus and atrophyc (lea) and localized esclerodermia (morphea) in patients with caa has driven to several authors to demonstrate the aethiologic participation of b. burgdorferi in patients carrying thos ...	1990	2392594
spirochetal forms in the dermal lesions of morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus.	morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus are cutaneous diseases that are manifest by an early edematous stage, followed later by sclerosis and atrophy. they share features with acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and erythema chronicum migrans, diseases that have been linked to infection by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. a modified silver stain was used to identify the presence of spirochetes in skin biopsy specimens of patients with morphea and lichen sclerosus et atrophicus. spirocheta ...	1990	2393064
lyme disease.	a 29-year-old male tennis player was examined for neck pain, limited mobility, and right elbow pain. the patient was treated for cervical facet syndrome by chiropractic manipulative therapy (cmt) for a period of 6 weeks. after this time the patient had a relapse of cervical pain, spinal myofascitis, dermatitis and migratory arthropathy. several specialists were consulted throughout the case including a rheumatologist, and a tentative diagnosis of psoriatic arthritis and fibromyalgia was made. a ...	2008	2394950
lyme disease in chronic renal failure: capd therapy.		1990	2396860
lyme disease.		1990	2398790
two genomic species in borrelia burgdorferi.	a total of 13 borrelia burgdorferi strains (responsible for lyme borreliosis) and representatives of 3 other borrelia species (b. hermsii, b. parkeri, b. turicatae) associated with relapsing fever were studied by dna/dna hybridization and rrna gene-restriction patterns. two genomic dna hybridization groups were observed which could be differentiated by rrna gene-restriction patterns. moreover, the number and size of restriction fragments suggest the existence of a single set of 16 and 23 s rrna ...	1990	2399368
lyme disease in new jersey outdoor workers: a statewide survey of seroprevalence and tick exposure.	to evaluate the spread of lyme disease in new jersey, we conducted a statewide cross-sectional study of lyme disease seroprevalence in a high-risk occupational group of outdoor employees. of the 689 employees who participated in the study, 39 (5.7 percent) were positive for antibody to b. burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease. seroprevalence varied markedly by county; unexpectedly high seroprevalence rates were found in several northern counties (sussex, hudson, and hunterdon). furthe ...	1990	2400034
detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna in museum specimens of ixodes dammini ticks.	in order to investigate the potential for borrelia burgdorferi infection before the recognition of lyme disease as a clinical entity, the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to examine museum specimens of ixodes dammini (deer ticks) for the presence of spirochete-specific dna sequences. one hundred and thirty-six archival tick specimens were obtained representing various continental u.s. locations; dna sequences characteristic of modern day isolates of b. burgdorferi were detected in 13 194 ...	1990	2402635
lyme disease presenting with bilateral facial nerve palsy.	facial palsy bilateral, or recurrent, suggests a myriad of diagnostic possibilities. an 11-year-old boy is described whose diagnosis remained elusive for several months. clinical evolution and subsequent laboratory studies confirmed that he had lyme disease. literature review suggests that this disorder is ubiquitous in its manifestations. the diagnosis should be remembered in unexplained neurologic disorders, particularly in cranial and peripheral neuropathies.	1990	2403282
comparison of indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and western immunoblot for the diagnosis of lyme disease in dogs.	enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa), indirect immunofluorescent-antibody assay (ifa), and western immunoblot were used to test serum samples from 128 dogs for the presence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. sera included 72 samples from dogs suspected of having lyme disease, 32 samples from dogs residing in areas in which lyme disease was not considered endemic, and 24 samples from dogs with clinical and serologic evidence of immune-mediated disease (n = 10), rocky mountain spotted fever ...	1990	2405018
lyme disease.	lyme disease is an infectious, immune-mediated, multisystem disease. recent epidemiologic data confirms that in the united states, lyme disease is spreading faster than any other infectious disease except aids. the bacteria that causes lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted to humans by the bite of the deer tick, ixodes dammini. if diagnosed and treated in its early stages, lyme disease is less likely to result in later cardiac, neurologic, and arthritic complications. arthritic comp ...	1990	2407990
[recurrent and relapsing course of borreliosis of the nervous system].	the clinical variability of chronic infections due to borrelia burgdorferi is greater than previously thought. three personal cases are presented in an overview, together with cases from the literature. chronic spastic para- and quadriparesis, transverse myelitis and recurrent hemiparesis have been noted in such cases. frequently, there is additional involvement of the cranial nerves. chronic polyneuritis, mononeuritis multiplex, as well as plexus neuritis can also occur. psychiatric manifestati ...	1990	2408240
[diagnosis of erythema migrans disease (lyme disease)].		1985	2411491
heterogeneity of major proteins in lyme disease borreliae: a molecular analysis of north american and european isolates.	we examined 46 isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease and related disorders, with polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and monoclonal antibodies. our attention was on the ospa proteins, which are major proteins of the spirochete. there were at least four discernible phenotypes of the ospa protein. while 25 north american isolates were, with one exception, homogeneous in the type of ospa protein that they produced, 21 european isolates were heterogeneous in the types ...	1985	2411827
antigen-specific proliferation of csf lymphocytes in lyme disease.	the neurologic manifestations of lyme disease include meningitis, radiculoneuritis, and cranial neuritis. in two patients, we investigated the proliferative response of csf and peripheral blood lymphocytes to protein antigens derived from the lyme disease spirochete. the response of csf lymphocytes was 5 to 10 times greater than that of peripheral blood lymphocytes. in contrast, in the one patient studied, lectin-induced proliferation was less in csf than in peripheral blood. these findings show ...	1985	2414686
lyme disease during pregnancy.	lyme disease is an increasingly recognized tick-borne illness caused by a spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. because the etiologic agent of lyme disease is a spirochete, there has been concern about the effect of maternal lyme disease on pregnancy outcome. we reviewed cases of lyme disease in pregnant women who were identified before knowledge of the pregnancy outcomes. nineteen cases were identified with onset between 1976 and 1984. eight of the women were affected during the first trimester, se ...	1986	2423719
erythema chronicum migrans of lyme disease: diagnosis by monoclonal antibodies.	we demonstrated spirochetes from a skin lesion of the erythema chronicum migrans in a patient with lyme disease by the murine monoclonal antibody (h9724). frozen skin biopsy specimens reacted with murine monoclonal antibodies (h5332, h9724, and h4825) and were examined by indirect immunofluorescence assay. the spirochetes stained with monoclonal antibody h9724 and fluorescein isothiocyanate-conjugated second antibody (goat antimouse igg). the antibody h9724 is specific for the periplasmic flagel ...	1986	2426315
comparative prevalence of babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in four populations of ixodes dammini in eastern massachusetts.	we determined the prevalence of babesia microti and borrelia burgdorferi in four populations of ixodes dammini in eastern massachusetts. the feulgen's reaction was more sensitive than the giemsa method for detecting salivarian babesia. a combination of darkfield and direct-fluorescent-antibody examination proved more sensitive than either method alone for detecting spirochetal infection. the prevalence of spirochetes was greater than the prevalence of babesia in each of the tick populations stud ...	1986	2430433
acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans in association with lichen sclerosus et atrophicans: tubulo-interstitial nephritis and urinary excretion of spirochete-like organisms.	we report about a 38-year-old male patient with coexisting acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans, lichen sclerosus et atrophicans and recurrent diabetic metabolic disorders since 9 years. serologically igg antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi could be detected. moveless winded structures, morphologically resembling borreliae could be demonstrated in the urine sediment by dark field microscopy. additionally a tubulo-interstitial nephritis was diagnosed by the presence of a dysmorphic hematuria, ...	1987	2436416
isolation of the outer envelope from borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi consists of an inner protoplasmic cylinder, containing the genome and cytoplasmic elements, surrounded by a number of axial filaments, all completely encased within a multiple-layered outer envelope structure (oe). in this study, a sodium dodecyl sulfate-mediated technique was used to isolate the oe from borrelia burgdorferi in an attempt to better understand this structure in terms of its antigenic reactivity to lyme disease patient sera. electron microscopic evidence sugge ...	1986	2437735
an ige response to spirochete antigen in patients with lyme disease.	most but not all lyme disease patients produce specific ige antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi. development of ige antibodies paralleled that of other immunologic classes and appeared to be directed against a polypeptide with a molecular weight of 41,000. total serum ige levels in lyme disease patients were usually within the normal range in all stages of the disease. however, highly elevated total serum ige in certain patients were not correlated to any particular disease stage nor to specific ...	1986	2437736
diagnosis of lyme disease by demonstration of spirochetes in tissue biopsies.	in 14 patients with lyme disease skin biopsies, synovial specimens and a lymphnode showed lymphohistiocytic infiltrates, often perivascular. obliterative alterations of blood vessels and fibrinoid were characteristic for infection of synovium. spirochetes were demonstrated in all specimens by the bosma-steiner silver impregnation method. spirochetes were localized in dermal papilles and subepidermal zones of skin sections of ecma, in lymph vessels and collagen fibres. in synovia of patients with ...	1986	2437737
polymorphisms of major surface proteins of borrelia burgdorferi.	forty-five isolates of borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, were examined with monoclonal antibodies directed against the surface proteins, ospa and ospb. eighteen of 21 strains of european origin could be distinguished from 24 north american strains on the basis of their reactivities with two antibodies, one specific for an ospa protein and one specific for an ospb protein. differences in antibody reactivities were associated with differences in the electrophoretic migrati ...	1986	2437738
immunochemical and immunological analysis of european borrelia burgdorferi strains.	borrelia burgdorferi strains (n = 23), isolated from patients (n = 8) and ticks (n = 14), were analyzed by sds page and western blotting with monoclonal antibodies and polyclonal sera (rabbit immune serum and sera from patients). testing the 23 strains by sds page 9 different patterns of major protein bands were observed. in contrast to us strains some of our strains showed only weak or negative reactivity with the ospa specific monoclonal antibody h5332. analysis with polyclonal sera gave furth ...	1986	2437739
demonstration of spirochaetes in patients with lyme disease with a modified silver stain.	spirochaetes were demonstrated in material from patients with lyme disease by short-time high-concentrate silver impregnation after treatment with amylase. removal of mucoid material was essential to visualise borrelia burgdorferi. lyme spirochaetes were demonstrated in material from 23 patients with lyme disease--erythema chronicum migrans (ecm) 10, lymphadenosis benigna cutis (labc) 7, arthritis 4 and bannwarth's syndrome 2. spirochaetes were localised in the subepidermal zone, peri- and intra ...	1987	2438410
evidence for spirochetal origin of circumscribed scleroderma (morphea).	acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans (aca) and morphea are clinically distinct skin diseases with some common features and possible coexistence. we found antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in eight of fifteen patients with morphea. six of them had igg antibodies and two both igg and igm antibodies. four of the eight seropositive and five of the seven seronegative patients had been treated with high dose penicillin previously. spirochetal organisms could be cultured in barbour-stoenner-kelly's med ...	1987	2442935
a murine igm monoclonal antibody binds an antigenic determinant in outer surface protein a, an immunodominant basic protein of the lyme disease spirochete.	a hybridoma cell line formed by the fusion of the p3x63-ag8.653 myeloma cell line with splenocytes from balb/c mice immunized with borrelia burgdorferi produced an igm monoclonal antibody (mab-11g1) with kappa-light chains which detected an antigenic determinant in a major spirochetal protein of m.w. approximately 31,000, also known as outer surface protein a (osp-a). apparent saturation was reached in approximately 35 min with 34 ng of mab-11g1 binding to 5 x 10(7) spirochetes giving an estimat ...	1988	2447170
[primary lymphoma of the nervous system following radiculoneuritis caused by borrelia burgdorferi: study of a case].	a 50-year-old man had a primary lymphoma of the central nervous system one year after a tick bite and a radiculoneuritis secondary to borrelia burgdorferi infection. determination of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi revealed increasing igm and igg titers, and the autopsy showed a primary b-cell immunoblastic lymphoma of the brain without evidence of extraneural lymphoproliferative disorder. lymphoma of the brain is a rare type of central nervous system cancer, and sporadic cases appear wi ...	1988	2451279
antibodies to myelin basic protein in lyme disease.		1988	2457637
biological activity of borrelia burgdorferi antigens.	osp-a (approximately 31 kda) and flagellins (approximately 41 kda) are prominent antigens of borrelia burgdorferi. both osp-a and flagellins are immunogenic in patients and in experimentally infected mice and hamsters, but the kinetics of antibody formation to each vary considerably between the species. the role of eluted osp-a and flagellins in the cellular immune response, chemotaxigenesis, and cytoadherence was measured. eluted osp-a and flagellins stimulated the proliferation of normal and i ...	1988	2461134
antigenic variability of borrelia burgdorferi.	borrelia burgdorferi strains (six isolates from north america and 28 isolates from europe) were analyzed by physicochemical and immunological methods. by sds-page, all borrelia burgdorferi strains tested had two major proteins with constant molecular weights of 60 and 41 kda and one, two, or three variable low molecular weight proteins (ospa = 30-32 kda, ospb = 34-36 kda, pc = 21-22 kda). all combinations--except ospb alone or ospb/pc--were observed. borrelia burgdorferi strains were different f ...	1988	2461135
demonstration of antigen-specific t cells and histopathological alterations in mice experimentally inoculated with borrelia burgdorferi.	antigen-specific t-cell responses and histopathological changes were studied in mice experimentally inoculated with borrelia burgdorferi b31. inbred mice with different h-2 haplotypes and/or different genetic backgrounds were inoculated with b. burgdorferi organisms and tested for antigen-specific t-cell responses in vivo (delayed-type hypersensitivity [dth]) and in vitro (t-cell proliferation). comparable dth responses were found after inoculation with either inactivated (in the presence of adj ...	1989	2462540
isolation and characterization of borrelia burgdorferi-specific and autoreactive t-cell lines from the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lyme meningoradiculomyelitis.		1988	2462820
lyme disease.	lyme disease is of interest to the neurologist and neuroscientist for a variety of reasons. as more arthropod hosts throughout the world are infected with the causative organism, borrelia burgdorferi, the illness in humans is becoming more prevalent; in addition, recognition of the disease in humans and susceptible animals is increasing. the neurological manifestations include acute and chronic forms, and it has become clear that b. burgdorferi has joined treponema pallidum, herpes simplex virus ...	1989	2472690
shared flagellar epitopes of borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia anserina.	antigenic cross-reactivity between borrelia burgdorferi and borrelia anserina was studied using mouse immune sera and monoclonal antibodies. with immune sera, significant cross-reactivity between b. burgdorferi and b. anserina was demonstrated by indirect immunofluorescent assay. in immunoblots, most of the cross-reactivity was shown to be associated with the periplasmic flagella. using monoclonal antibodies in immunoblots, it was shown that b. burgdorferi and b. anserina shared at least two fla ...	1989	2473569
immune responses to borrelia burgdorferi in patients with reactive arthritis.	in reactive arthritis (rea), including reiter's syndrome, a close relationship between chronic enteric and genitourinary infections and the clinical features of enthesitis has been described. in contrast, in lyme arthritis, a distinct clinical entity, chronic infection with the tick-transmitted spirochete borrelia burgdorferi has been associated with the disease. in a prospective study, 51 patients with rea were tested for evidence of chlamydial and spirochetal infection. the presence of chlamyd ...	1989	2476133
temporary pacing in complete heart block due to lyme disease: a case report.	the authors present the case of a 44-year-old man who was admitted with complete heart block and signs of severe bradycardia. after steroid administration and temporary pacemaker treatment the complete heart block resolved. during this therapy transient st segment and t wave abnormalities occurred. the positive borrelia burgdorferi antibody titer arrived only after therapy had been completed. this is regarded as the first case of lyme carditis with complete heart block diagnosed in eastern europ ...	1989	2476769
evidence for spirochetal origin of sudeck's atrophy (algodystrophy, reflex sympathetic dystrophy).	four female patients with sudeck's atrophy (sa) were evaluated at our department. sera of all patients were investigated for antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi. in all patients elevated igg antibody titers and in one patient also elevated igm titer were found. in one patient structures identical with b. burgdorferi could be detected on histological sections from the skin of the affected limb. our data and those of other authors suggest that a spirochetal infection can be regarded as an impo ...	1989	2476974
bilateral keratitis in lyme disease.	lyme disease, caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi, has ophthalmic manifestations. the authors describe two cases of lyme keratitis characterized by multiple focal, nebular opacities at varying levels of the stroma which may progress to edema, neovascularization, and scarring. close observation, in addition to systemic antibiotic therapy, may be sufficient if the visual axis is not involved, and the patient is asymptomatic.	1989	2477779
molecular mimicry and lyme borreliosis: a shared antigenic determinant between borrelia burgdorferi and human tissue.	the pathogenesis of chronic manifestations in lyme borreliosis, a disease induced by borrelia burgdorferi, is at present unresolved. by testing monoclonal antibodies directed against various borrelia antigens, we found an antigenic determinant shared by the 41 kda flagella protein and human tissue, especially prominent on myelinated fibers of human peripheral nerve, on nerve cells and axons of the central nervous system, as well as on certain epithelial cells (including joint synovia) and on hea ...	1989	2481425
structural features of borrelia burgdorferi--the lyme disease spirochete: silver staining for nucleic acids.	borrelia burgdorferi--the lyme disease spirochete--was grown in modified kelly medium and characterized by transmission and by scanning electron microscopy. using silver staining procedures which preferentially bind to nuclear components of eukaryotic cells, signal could be detected by backscattered electron imaging throughout the length of the prokaryotic spirochete. interestingly, however, the highest levels of backscattered signal were observed in naturally elaborated membrane blebs that were ...	1989	2482525
[lymphocytic meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome). neurologic involvement of lyme disease].	we describe a patient with lyme's disease who showed neurologic symptoms of meningoradiculitis (bannwarth's syndrome) and had no previous history of exposure to tick bite or chronic erythema migrans. he had longterm fever and bilateral facial paralysis. antibody titres for borrelia burgdorferi in serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) were increased. the csf changes showed an intrathecal production of immunoglobulins (presence of plasmatic cells and immunoblasts; igg-csf: igg-serum ratio much highe ...	1989	2490177
[prevalence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi among the population of seville].	in order to determine the prevalence of antibodies against borrelia burgdorferi in the area of sevilla, we have studied 300 healthy subjects of different age and sex groups by means of iif. of the 300 studied sera, only 4% had antibodies at titers greater than or equal to 1:16, a fact that shows the low prevalence of antibodies against this microorganism in the area. such titers were mainly found among subjects over 40 years (p less than 0.001).	1989	2490479
[new advances in rheumatology].	(1) molecular pharmacology which is a starting to reach the market place, what is expected to be the next big step in the biotechnology revolution: the creation of complex compounds that are custom-designed to meet human needs. the new technology known as protein engineering promises to take us one step further by modifying natural proteins or by creating new ones especially by using somatic gene transfer and germ gene transfer and its influence on progeny. by doing this we hope to control some ...	1989	2491405
autoimmunity in lyme disease: molecular cloning of antigens recognized by antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid.	in inflammatory disease of the central nervous system (cns), oligoclonal bands of immunoglobulin with restricted heterogeneity can often be observed in cerebrospinal fluid (csf) samples. these antibodies can be directed against the disease inducing pathogen or might be autoreactive and involved in the process of brain inflammation and demyelination. we used a molecular biology approach to characterize these antibody responses in patients with lyme disease. this disorder is caused by infections w ...	1989	2491615
another swedish family with complete properdin deficiency: association with fulminant meningococcal disease in one male family member.	inherited deficiency of the complement component properdin is described in a swedish family without any previous history of meningococcal infections. the properdin-deficient index patient died from a fulminant infection caused by neisseria meningitidis serogroup y. family investigation revealed properdin deficiency in the patient's half-brother and in the maternal grandfather. the half-brother had a history of pneumococcal pneumonia and meningitis probably caused by borrelia burgdorferi. opsonic ...	1989	2502833
lyme disease--united states, 1987 and 1988.		1989	2506418
lyme disease--canada.		1989	2506419
infected ticks feeding on persons in areas endemic for lyme disease and rocky mountain spotted fever.		1989	2507649
lyme disease facial palsy: differentiation from bell's palsy.		1989	2508822
lyme disease facial palsy.		1989	2508957
triple-phase bone image abnormalities in lyme arthritis.	arthritis is a frequent manifestation of lyme disease. limited triple-phase tc-99m mdp bone imaging of the wrists and hands with delayed whole-body images was performed in a patient with lyme arthritis. this demonstrated abnormal joint uptake in the wrists and hands in all three phases, with increased activity seen in other affected joints on delayed whole-body images. these findings are nonspecific and have been previously described in a variety of rheumatologic conditions, but not in lyme dise ...	1989	2509122
prevalence of antibody indicating lyme disease in farmers in wigtownshire.		1989	2510849
clinical and microbiologic findings in six patients with erythema migrans of lyme disease.	the clinical course of six patients with erythema migrans of lyme disease was viewed in the context of antibiotic susceptibility studies of their own borrelia burgdorferi isolates. an initial poor response by two patients to antibiotic therapy suggested the possibility of b. burgdorferi resistance to these agents. minimum bactericidal concentration determinations of eight antimicrobial agents against these isolates did not support this suggestion.	1989	2511231
comparison of western blot and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for diagnosis of lyme borreliosis.	the usefulness of western blot in the serological diagnosis of lyme borreliosis was evaluated compared with an elisa using a whole cell sonicate antigen. fifty-three of 68 (78%) patients with neuroborreliosis had positive igm and/or igg immunoblots and 40 of 68 (59%) had positive igm and/or igg elisa titers in serum. eight of 44 (18%) controls with meningitis/encephalitis of non-borrelia etiology had positive igm and/or igg immunoblots and 4 of 44 (9%) had positive igm and/or igg elisa titers in ...	1989	2512131
prevalence of antibody indicating lyme disease in farmers in wigtownshire.		1989	2513072
prevalence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in forestry workers and blood donors from the same region in switzerland.	sera from 259 forestry workers and 100 blood donors in the canton of solothurn, switzerland, were tested for igg antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in two eias using as antigen either sonic extract of whole organisms or purified flagella. applying a 95% specific cut-off value based on results in the sera of 100 blood donors, 86 (33%) and 91 (35%) of the forestry workers respectively showed an elevated specific igg level in the two eias. none of the 259 forestry workers had clinical signs of acti ...	1989	2513202
a serological survey of ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia equi, rickettsia rickettsii, and borrelia burgdorferi in dogs in oklahoma.	serum samples from 259 dogs were tested for antibodies to ehrlichia canis, ehrlichia equi, rickettsia rickettsii, and borrelia burgdorferi using the indirect fluorescent antibody test. the sera were obtained from submissions to the oklahoma animal disease diagnostic laboratory during a 14-month period from june 1986 through july 1987. the rate for positive antibody titers to e. canis was 53%, to e. equi was 33%, to r. rickettsii was 38%, and to b. burgdorferi was 18%. higher percentages of sera ...	1989	2518693
[lyme disease in chile].		1989	2519461
lyme disease.		1989	2522487
[meningo-radiculitis in lyme disease resistant to penicillin g].		1989	2523059
[isolation of borrelia burgdorferi in the cerebrospinal fluid in a patient treated with penicillin].		1989	2524738
ocular disease in caribbean patients with serologic evidence of lyme borreliosis.	four patients from caribbean and central american countries with ocular disease and serologic evidence of lyme borreliosis are discussed. to our knowledge this is the first report of lyme disease from this geographic area. two patients exhibited ocular inflammatory disease, and two patients developed optic neuropathy. a brief discussion of lyme borreliosis, its serologic diagnosis, and its treatment is presented.	1989	2526160
panuveitis with positive serological tests for syphilis and lyme disease.	the treponema pallidum hemagglutination test and the fluorescent treponemal antigen absorption test are commonly considered highly specific serologic tests for syphilis. we describe a patient with panuveitis and a positive serologic result for syphilis; however, in the absence of clinical findings, additional tests for lyme disease (borreliosis) were positive as well, although by western blot test the diagnosis was tentative. the clinical appearance of the panuveitis was similar to that of syphi ...	1989	2526161
the prevalence of lyme disease in a nonendemic area. a comparative serologic study in a south florida eye clinic population.	serologic tests for lyme borreliosis and for syphilis were performed on 75 patients seen in a 1-week period at the bascom palmer eye institute in miami. the incident of syphilis was 8% and of lyme borreliosis 3% in this study in a nonendemic area. the most common cause for a high titer serologic response for lyme borreliosis in this group was a prior treponema pallidum infection. the importance of getting vdrl, fta-abs, lyme ifa, and lyme elisa tests in all suspected cases was emphasized.	1989	2529271
reversible horner's syndrome and lyme disease.	neurologic manifestations of lyme disease are common, often debilitating, and potentially treatable. we document a case of borrelia infection of the nervous system manifesting as a reversible horner's syndrome. the search for lyme disease should be part of the evaluation of an isolated central or preganglionic horner's syndrome or any unexplained pupillary abnormality.	1989	2531158
lyme neuroborreliosis: central nervous system manifestations.	we evaluated 85 patients with serologic evidence of borrelia burgdorferi infection. manifestations included encephalopathy (41), neuropathy (27), meningitis (2), multiple sclerosis (ms) (6), and psychiatric disorders (3). we performed lumbar punctures in 53, brain mri in 33, and evoked potentials (eps) in 33. only patients with an ms-like illness had abnormal eps, elevated igg index, and oligoclonal bands in the cerebrospinal fluid. twelve of 18 patients with encephalopathy, meningitis, or focal ...	1989	2542840
comparative antimicrobial activity of the new macrolides against borrelia burgdorferi.	the in vitro and in vivo activity of the new macrolides azithromycin, clarithromycin and roxythromycin was compared with that of erythromycin against borrelia burgdorferi. in in vitro tests using ten clinical isolates all macrolides were highly active against borrelia burgdorferi (mic90 0.015-0.06 micrograms/ml). azithromycin was more potent than the other macrolides in experimental animal infection, eradicating the organism in all animals tested at a dosage of 8 mg/kg.	1989	2550233
nervous system manifestations of lyme disease.	neurologic involvement is commonplace in lyme borreliosis. neuropathies can be acute or chronic, focal or disseminated, but are predominantly axonal. cns infection can also be acute or indolent, focal or disseminated; meningitis, encephalitis, and cranial nerve palsies occur. a mild encephalopathy is also common, but only occasionally due to cns infection.	1989	2555847
the pathogenesis of lyme disease.	lyme disease affects several major organ systems and leads to chronic illness. the pathogenesis of this disease appears to be centered around the long-term persistence of the organisms in tissues. in lyme disease, isolations of b. burgdorferi are rare. it is thought that few organisms actually invade the host and that host mediators amplify the inflammatory response. immune and nonimmune phagocytosis leading to bacterial killing occurs in lyme disease. this organism shows preference for cell sur ...	1989	2555848
treatment of lyme borreliosis.	the infectious process of lyme disease can appear as chronic dermatologic, rheumatologic, or neurologic. to rationally select a treatment regimen, the physician must have an appreciation of the clinical manifestations of the illness and of the systemic nature of the infection. the authors discuss the proper treatment protocols for each stage in the progression of lyme disease.	1989	2555849
lyme borreliosis in europe. neurologic disorders.	in europe the tick-transmitted neurologic disorders mpn-gbb or bannwarth's syndrome and aca-associated neuropathy have been identified as clinical entities long before their causative agent was discovered. when lyme disease and its neurologic manifestations were recognized in the united states, differences in the clinical pattern between north american and european cases with lyme borreliosis were described in the initial reports. in the same way with the availability of serodiagnostic tests as ...	1989	2555850
restriction endonuclease analysis of four borrelia burgdorferi strains.	a restriction endonuclease analysis was performed on four strains of borrelia burgdorferi: one isolated from man (sf), one from ixodes dammini (b31) and two from i. ricinus (bits in italy and b45 in germany). digestion by taq i and hae iii gave the best resolution of the dna fragments. three different restriction patterns were obtained: bits and b45 showed only one band difference. these results correlate with the reactivity of the four strains with monoclonal antibodies.	1989	2560664