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penicillin-binding proteins in borrelia burgdorferi.penicillin-binding proteins were identified in borrelia burgdorferi membranes. a 94-kilodalton penicillin-binding protein was the first to be labeled with tritiated penicillin and was the first band to disappear in a competition experiment. its binding ability was destroyed when membranes were preboiled. in addition, several of these penicillin-binding proteins comigrated with bands previously identified as surface proteins.19902211530
the many faces and phases of borreliosis. i. lyme disease.lyme disease is increasingly being reported throughout the united states and many parts of the world. borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, is a spirochete that, not unlike the treponema of syphilis, can cause a spectrum of disease from the initial skin lesion, through widely varied symptoms and signs, to chronic neurologic and arthritic disability. the borrelial spirochete and lyme disease are the subject of this review. a subsequent article will review other definite and p ...19902212114
the many faces and phases of borreliosis ii.borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, has also been associated with other cutaneous conditions. acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans and lymphadenosis benigna cutis are also caused by b. burgdorferi. recent evidence links some cases of progressive facial hemiatrophy of parry-romberg, benign lymphocytic infiltrate of the skin (jessner-kanof), lichen sclerosus et atrophicus, morphea, and shulman syndrome with borreliae. this article reviews the manifestations of the diseases de ...19902212138
short-tailed shrews as reservoirs of the agents of lyme disease and human babesiosis.to determine whether short-tailed shrews (blarina brevicauda) serve as reservoir hosts for the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) and the agent of human babesiosis (babesia microti), we examined nymphal ticks that had fed as larvae on shrews collected from 3 enzootic sites in coastal massachusetts for evidence of infection by either or both of these agents. xenodiagnosis indicated that 11 of 14 shrews were infected by b. burgdorferi. one of 3 piroplasm-infected shrews also infected t ...19902213411
[an experimental quantitative assessment of the efficiency of borrelia persica transmission by ornithodoros papillipes ticks. 1. 2 forms of borreliemia in guinea pigs].experimental borreliosis in guinea pigs caused by ticks' bites assumed two forms--typical and mild, the latter being encountered in 40% of cases. mild form significantly differs from the typical one in some indices of borreliemia: intensity, duration, time of onset and cessation, absence of fluctuations in the number of borrelia. the form is not easily diagnosed by the analysis of animal blood preparations, which should be taken into consideration in experimental and clinical practice. in mild f ...19902215365
borrelia burgdorferi infection of the brain: characterization of the organism and response to antibiotics and immune sera in the mouse model.to learn more about the neurologic involvement in lyme disease, we inoculated inbred mice with the causative agent of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi. we cultured brains and other organs, and measured anti-b burgdorferi antibody titers. we further studied a brain isolate for its plasmid dna content and its response in vitro to immune sera and antibiotics. one strain of b burgdorferi, n40, was consistently infective for mice, and resulted in chronic infection of the bladder and spleen. sjl mic ...19902215944
bovine borreliosis: comparison of simple methods for detection of the spirochaete in the blood.natural borrelia infection occurring in a calf was followed up using stained blood and buffy coat smears and direct observation of blood and buffy coat in order to compare these spirochaete detection methods. direct examination of the platelet-plasma interface of the microhaematocrit capillary tubes after centrifugation allowed detection of two parasitaemias that were not seen in giemsa stained blood smears. an ascending babesia bigemina infection seemed to suppress the borrelia parasitaemia. sp ...19902219454
[dilated myocardial disease as sequela of chronic lyme carditis].a report is given on a 39-year-old man, who developed, after a tick bite, erythema, progressing symptoms and, after 3 years, showed the typical clinical and echocardiographic signs of a dilative cardiomyopathy. a serological test for lyme borreliosis was positive. most of the symptoms disappeared after high-dose penicillin therapy.19902220017
[the first results and objectives of the study of lyme disease in the ussr].results of research on the prevalence, etiology, laboratory diagnosis, epidemiology, epizootology, and other aspects of lyme's disease, which was initiated in this country in 1984, are summed up. this borrelia-caused condition is now suggested to be a lead in morbidity rate among human diseases of natural nidus. the most topical, priority directions of further research are discussed.19902220040
lyme borreliosis in the severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) mouse manifests predominantly in the joints, heart, and liver.the authors describe the histopathologic evolution of lyme disease in severe combined immunodeficiency (scid) and normal c.b-17 and c57bl/6 mice inoculated with borrelia burgdorferi. starting on day 7 after inoculation, all scid mice infected subcutaneously in the tail with a low-passage european tick isolate of b. burgdorferi had clinical evidence of arthritis characterized by reddening and swelling of tibiotarsal joints. later on, other joints, ie, metatarsal and ulnacarpal joints were also af ...19902221014
[how many peripheral facial paralyses are manifestations of lyme disease? a french multicenter study].the diagnosis of lyme disease is easy on the basis of clinical features only when it combines migrans chronic erythema, severe root pain affecting the limbs and facial paralysis, above all when bilateral. when pain is transient and slight and when erythema and the tick bite are absent facial paralysis may be mistaken for bell's palsy. the risk is that of failing to recognise lyme disease which may subsequently manifest itself as severe neurologic complications minimally sensitive to antibiotics. ...19902221718
childhood lyme borreliosis in europe.lyme borreliosis is a multisystem disorder common in childhood. it is an acute and persistent anthropozoonotic infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi (bb) which is transmitted by ixodes ticks. after the tick bite in summer, erythema migrans, meningoradiculoneuritis, or carditis may develop within the same season. later manifestations may be oligo-arthritis, progressive encephalomyelitis, or acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans. the most common course is probably asymptomatic. con ...19902226564
uveitis as a manifestation of borrelia burgdorferi infection in dogs. 19902228757
clinical and epizootiologic characteristics of dogs seropositive for borrelia burgdorferi in texas: 110 cases (1988).of 2,409 canine serum samples submitted to the texas veterinary medical diagnostic laboratory between jan 1, 1988 and dec 31, 1988 and tested by immunofluorescent antibody technique for antibody to borrelia borgdorferi, 132 (5.5%) had positive results. clinical and epizootiologic characteristics of seropositive dogs from texas (n = 110) were examined. male dogs were more likely than female dogs to be seropositive for b burgdorferi. the most frequent clinical sign of disease described in seroposi ...19902228777
methylated dna in borrelia species.the dna of borrelia species was examined for the presence of methylated gatc sequences. the relapsing-fever borrelia sp., b. coriaceae, and only 3 of 22 strains of b. burgdorferi contained adenine methylation systems. b. anserina lacked an adenine methylation system. fundamental differences in dna methylation exist among members of the genus borrelia.19902228977
western immunoblot and flagellum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis.western immunoblot with a whole-cell lysate was compared with an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with a purified flagellum antigen of borrelia burgdorferi for serodiagnosis of lyme borreliosis. the assays showed similar sensitivities and specificities in detecting immunoglobulin m and/or immunoglobulin g antibodies in sera from 68 patients with neuroborreliosis and 44 controls with meningitis and encephalitis or with multiple sclerosis. flagellum enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay is more easil ...19902229399
jessner-kanof lesion and borrelia infection. 19902229519
motility of lyme disease spirochetes in fluids as viscous as the extracellular matrix.when properties of extracellular fluids that might regulate the ability of the lyme disease spirochete to locomote were investigated, the rate of progression correlated with viscoelasticity. such spirochetes flexed and rotated but did not progress in relatively nonviscous fluids and migrated increasingly rapidly as the viscous characteristics of the medium increased. the viscoelastic properties of various kinds of hyaluronic acid resembled those of a methylcellulose standard. the maximum velocit ...19902230247
positive lyme serology in subacute bacterial endocarditis. a study of four patients.lyme borreliosis is a multisystem inflammatory disorder caused by the tick-borne spirochete borrelia burgdorferi. clinical manifestations are protean, involving the skin, joints, peripheral and central nervous systems, and the heart. however, the presentation of lyme disease often overlaps with that of other conditions. we describe four patients from a region endemic for lyme disease who had elevated levels of antibodies reactive to b burgdorferi and whose signs and symptoms were initially attri ...19902232087
[data on the epidemiology of lyme disease in bulgaria].134 patients with clinically, epidemiologically and serologically confirmed lyme's disease have been examined. 89.5% of them had erythema chronicum migrans, 112 patients (83.6%) were known to have had tick bites. the majority of patients were white-collar workers and townspeople. hungry ticks collected from plants were shown to contain b. burgdorferi. 497 foresters and animal farmers have been serologically examined, using an indirect immunofluorescence test. antibodies to b. burgdorferi in diag ...19902233527
antitumor activity of borrelia burgdorferi cultures.cultures of b. burgdorferi, their supernatants as well as washed cells revealed in vitro a considerable antitumor activity against cells of gardner lymphoma. németh-kellner lymphoma and lp-2 plasmacytoma. in in vivo tests an inhibition of tumor growth was evident, even if the treatment was started on day 4 after implantation of the tumor. the best results were obtained with the supernatants of the cultures.19902234219
chronic lyme disease with an expansive granulomatous lesion in the cerebellopontine angle.expansive granulomatous lesions in the posterior cranial fossa are rare and have not been reported in conjunction with lyme disease. we report a patient with verified borrelia burgdorferi infection who developed a tumor in the cerebellopontine angle. rapid growth of the tumor led to signs of cerebral compression and to hydrocephalus. surgical intervention was required despite florid meningitis. the histological examination showed inflammatory, nonspecific granulation tissue. the origin of this t ...19902234340
diagnosis of lyme arthritis. 19902235155
[a case from practice (194). relapsing fever]. 19902237068
protection of mice against the lyme disease agent by immunizing with recombinant ospa.lyme borreliosis is a tick-borne illness caused by borrelia burgdorferi. the gene for outer surface protein a (ospa) from b. burgdorferi strain n40 was cloned into an expression vector and expressed in escherichia coli. c3h/hej mice actively immunized with live transformed e. coli or purified recombinant ospa protein produced antibodies to ospa and were protected from challenge with several strains of b. burgdorferi. recombinant ospa is a candidate for a vaccine for lyme borreliosis.19902237407
[lyme disease in yugoslavia].presented are results of the last five-year period study of the lyme disease in yugoslavia. on the basis of published papers and professional communications over 2500 cases of lyme disease.were detected in our country within this period. presented are common epidemiologic and clinical features of the disease and particularly cases diagnosed in belgrade. since 1987 a group of various specialists has been working on the research project in collaboration with many centres in the country. indirect i ...19902238508
joint manifestations of lyme borreliosis in czechoslovakian patients.involvement of the musculoskeletal system in 50 lyme borreliosis patients seen in czechoslovakia is described. thirty-three patients reported tick bites or that they had removed a tick, four patients had been bitten by some other insect. skin reaction following tick bite were found in 29 patients. neurologic involvements have been described in 40 subjects. in one patient complete heart block developed after ecm, so that a permanent pacemaker was necessary for two weeks. mainly three types of inv ...19902238860
follow-up of antibiotically treated and untreated neuroborreliosis.follow-up of 57 patients who suffered from antibiotically untreated acute, monophasic neuroborreliosis 5 to 27 years ago shows no significant difference in comparison with the follow-up of 66 patients who suffered from antibiotically treated acute, monophasic neuroborreliosis during the last 5 years. in both groups, the involution of clinical symptoms and the normalization of pathological csf findings were nearly identical. we found no significant difference of sequelae between the groups. follo ...19902239139
diagnostic tests for lyme disease. 19902242146
[a case of cranial polyneuropathy presenting with prominent facial diplegia, elevated serum borrelia burgdorferi antibody and lymphocytic pleocytosis].a 54 year-old male patient developed acute cranial polyneuropathy including prominent facial diplegia and radicular++-neuritis. he was proven to have lymphocytic pleocytosis, and elevated serum borrelia burgdorferi antibody to x800 (normal; less than x200). a diagnosis of typical early neuro-borreliosis was made after these clinical and laboratory findings. this case is the first neuro-borreliosis showing the triad of neurological manifestations (meningitis, cranial neuritis, radicular++-neuriti ...19902242636
[cutaneous forms of lyme borreliosis in children].thirty-seven children with skin manifestations of lyme borreliosis (31 with erythema chronicum migrans and six with lymphadenosis benigna cutis) were treated and followed up prospectivelly for 1-24 months (mean 7.58 months). the diagnosis was confirmed serologically by the finding of increased levels of antiborrelial antibodies assessed by the elisa method, using antigen from borrelia recurrentis, in a total of 87% patients with erythema chronicum migrans and in all patients with lymphadenosis b ...19902249272
[pigeon tick dermatitis]. 19902251852
[lyme borreliosis in lithuania: its prevalence, clinical picture and treatment efficacy].in 1988 lyme borreliosis (la) was diagnosed in 376 patients in lithuania, including 101 patients who had the first stage of circular migrating erythema. of this latter group, in 40 patients (39.6%) specific antibodies to the causative agent of lb were detected. all 101 patients were intensively treated with antibiotics for 10-14 days. the effectiveness of treatment was evaluated 4-5 months later. information was collected only on 90 patients, including 82 patients who had undergone treatment. co ...19902251885
antigenic variation of a relapsing fever borrelia species. 19902252381
possible lyme carditis--not definite. 19902256989
[the taxonomic aspects of the transmission of the causative agent of lyme disease].according to world literature data 17 species of ixodid ticks have been studied for natural infection with the lyme disease agent. analysis of the data on the level of the infection, transovarial and transphase transmission has shown that main biological vectors of borrelia burgdorferi are the species of the subgenus ixodes s. str. - i. ricinus, i. persulcatus (eurasia), i. dammini, i. pacificus (north america). potential vectors are i. scapularis, i. dentatus, amblyomma americanum, dermacentor ...19902259524
an increased prevalence of anti-borrelia burgdorferi antibodies in ankylosing spondylitis: fact or artefact? 19902259885
morphological heterogeneity among spirochetes isolated from cases of swine dysentery.pathogenic and non-pathogenic spirochetes isolated from the intestines of pigs were examined by electron microscopy using the negative staining and ultrathin sectioning techniques. morphological differences were observed among cells of different strains. the cells differed in length as well as in width and in the number of flagella inserted at each end. in addition, the cells from different strains also varied in their resistance to the action of the detergents, teepol and sodium deoxycholate. t ...19902261061
spirochetal dysentery: a case report and review of literature.spiral shaped bacteria have frequently been demonstrated from human faeces. their role in causation of disease is, however, controversial; as they have been found to colonise the lower gastrointestinal tracts of both symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals. here we report a case in which spiral shaped motile, gram negative and nonflagellated bacteria, probably belonging to the genus borrelia, were demonstrated and associated with acute bloody diarrhea in a cardiac patient. the condition could s ...19902267674
[serologic studies of the occurrence of borrelia burgdorferi in domestic animals in berlin (west)].the prevalence of b. burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis in humans, was determined in domestic animals living in berlin. 189 dogs, 29 cats, 224 horses and 194 cows were investigated. using the indirect immunofluorescence test (ift) 5.8% of the dogs and 24.5% of the cows investigated showed a positive reaction at titres of 1:128 or higher. horses and cats gave negative results. elisa was more sensitive than ift. 10.1% of the dogs, 16.1% of the horses and 66% of the local cows sho ...19902268252
human intravenous immunoglobulin modulates monokine production in vitro.the effects of human immunoglobulin preparations for intravenous use (ivig) on in vitro-induced monokine production were studied. individual peripheral blood monocytes, obtained from healthy blood donors, which produced interleukin-6 (il-6) and tumour necrosis factor-alpha (tnf-alpha) after in vitro stimulation, were identified by cytokine-specific monoclonal antibodies (mab) and indirect immunofluorescence technique. lipopylosaccharide (lps) or borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes (bb) were used to ...19902269476
[a case of multiple cerebral palsy manifesting facial paralysis and positive borrelia burgdorferi antibody]. 19902269822
[serodiagnosis in dermatological diseases in borrelia burgdorferi infections].185 patients with dermatological symptoms of borrelia burgdorferi infection (erythema migrans, lymphadenosis cutis benigna, acrodermatitis chronica atrophicans) and morphea were examined for borrelia burgdorferi antibodies; in addition, sera from 173 patients were tested for exclusion of borrelia infection. commercially available immunofluorescence tests and enzyme immunoassays supplied by four different companies were evaluated. to investigate the specificity of these assays, sera of 34 patient ...19902272826
[the effect of the causative agent of tick-borne relapsing fever on the respiration of the vector ornithodoros papillipes (birula, 1895) (ixodoidea, argasidae)].a relatively low level of normal respiratory metabolism in o. papillipes has been observed as compared to most other invertebrates and even ixodid ticks. it is connected with biological peculiarities and habitat of this species. changes in respiratory metabolism under the influence of borrelia have been revealed. these changes vary at different stages of tick life cycle. in long-fasting infected individuals, respiration is further inhibited, and in nourished ones, is increased as compared to non ...19902273183
[lyme disease].lyme disease is a multisystem disorder caused by a tick-transmitted spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi. clinical manifestations typically begin with characteristic skin lesions, erythema (chronicum) migrans. weeks to months later, some patients develop the second stage of the illness characterized by neurologic abnormalities, migratory joint pain, cardiac involvement. months to years later, in many patients the disease progresses to the third stage of manifestation such as chronic arthritis, chron ...19902273565
lyme disease: neurologic and ophthalmic manifestations.lyme disease is tick-borne infection which produces early and late manifestations in many organ systems. prominent symptoms and signs occur in skin, heart, joints and nervous system. many ocular and neuro-ophthalmic abnormalities recently have been attributed to lyme disease, but some cases have not been well established as direct sequelae. this review of the contemporary state of knowledge about lyme disease was undertaken so that more rigorous criteria can be applied in future diagnosis.19902274849
[hypertension in borrelia infections].a patient with severe hypertension caused by borrelia burgdorferi-encephalitis is reported. the patient recovered from all symptoms following treatment with high dose cefuroxime. the diagnosis was not established until lumbar puncture was performed.19902275047
long-term persistence of specific t- and b-lymphocyte responses to borrelia burgdorferi following untreated neuroborreliosis.follow-up studies on 56 patients who suffered from antibiotically untreated, acute, monophasic neuroborreliosis five to 23 years ago revealed significant positive levels of igg antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi (bb) in the serum and cerebrospinal fluid (csf) of 20 patients (ift, elisa, bb-specific igg western blot, bb-specific ief-igg immunoblot). nine of 10 tested patients had a definitely positive t-cell proliferative response to whole b. burgdorferi, with a mean (+/- -sem) stimulation index ...19902276818
[polymerase chain reaction in the demonstration of borrelia burgdorferi dna].borrelia burgdorferi is the etiological agent of lyme disease. certain diagnostic problems associated with lyme disease could be solved if a sensitive detection method were available for the pathogen: the polymerase chain reaction for the sensitive detection of borrelia burgdorferi is a possible candidate. the latest methods for the amplification of borrelia burgdorferi dna are discussed. in particular, a method for the amplification of a borrelia burgdorferi flagellin (41 kda antigen) gene segm ...19902276912
the acute aseptic meningitis syndrome.the acute aseptic meningitis syndrome is an entity that presents a diagnostic challenge to the clinician. although many infectious and noninfectious etiologies exist for this syndrome, viruses, especially nonpolio enteroviruses, are the classic and most important agents encountered. the incidence of polio and mumps meningitis has declined dramatically in the vaccine era, but recently described pathogens, such as human immunodeficiency virus and borrelia burgdorferi (lyme disease agent) are now i ...19902277191
infectious but nonpathogenic isolate of borrelia burgdorferi.we document for the first time an infectious but nonarthritogenic variant of borrelia burgdorferi. strain 25015, previously isolated from an ixodes dammini larva collected in upstate new york, was infectious but failed to produce arthritis or carditis in laboratory rats and mice. by contrast, pathogenic strain n40 invariably caused arthritis. this nonarthritogenic variant, with proteins with molecular weights different from those of the standard b31 strain, was frequently isolated from normal jo ...19902280000
survey of birds and lizards for ixodid ticks (acari) and spirochetal infection in northern california.a total of 138 birds (24 species) was captured in an oak woodland between december 1988 and june 1989 at the university of california, sierra foothill range field station, yuba county, calif. ticks were not found on 71 birds captured between december 1988 and march 1989. five subadult ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls were removed from 3 of 67 birds caught between april and june 1989. these three birds, an orange-crowned warbler (vermivora celata (say], a lazuli bunting (passerina amoena (say], an ...19902280384
serum and cerebrospinal fluid examinations in the diagnosis of borrelia infection in bell's palsy.seventy-two consecutive patients with bell's palsy were investigated for evidence of tick-borne borrelia infection and to compare the merits of serum and cerebrospinal fluid examinations in the diagnosis of borrelia infection. serum was taken in the acute and convalescent stages from 72 patients, and cerebrospinal fluid was obtained from 35 of these. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (elisa) was used to analyse serum and cerebrospinal fluid samples for igg and igm antibodies against the borre ...19902284917
serum antibody levels to the borrelia spirochete in japanese patients with bell's palsy. 19902284923
cerebrospinal fluid immune complexes in patients exposed to borrelia burgdorferi: detection of borrelia-specific and -nonspecific complexes.we analyzed cerebrospinal fluid (csf) from 32 patients with neurological symptoms and evidence of borrelia burgdorferi infection (29 were seropositive as determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, 2 were cell-mediated immune positive, and 1 had been seropositive as shown by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 9 months previously). csf immune complexes were found in 22 (69%) of 32 patients; in 18, there was sufficient sample to isolate immune complexes. by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, i ...19902285261
lyme borreliosis: aspects of tick-borne borrelia burgdorferi infection from a dermatologic viewpoint.during this decade, lyme borreliosis has emerged as an important health problem, especially in europe and in the united states, and there has been an explosive growth of knowledge about this condition. the true incidence of lxodes-borne borrelial infection is probably increasing, at least in parts of the world, but the reported increase is also partly attributable to a greater recognition and awareness of this infection. this paper reviews the basic knowledge about borrelia burgdorferi, its vect ...19902285572
isolation of an outer membrane protein complex from borrelia burgdorferi by n-butanol extraction and high-performance ion-exchange chromatography.borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme disease, expresses two major membrane proteins, designated outer surface proteins a and b, which are of antigenic relevance, especially in the chronic phase of lyme disease. both proteins exhibit strain-related molecular weight variation. a method is described for obtaining these proteins from the bacterial membrane, without the use of detergents, by a combination of n-butanol extraction and cation-exchange chromatography on a mono s fast protein ...19902286640
a putative outbreak of equine lyme borreliosis in natal. 19902287001
[oculomotor paralysis and lyme disease].lyme disease is an infectious multi system disorder caused by the spirochète borrelia burgdorferi. neurologic syndromes occurring during the second stage of the illness are common and the neurologic feature is extremely variable. we report a case of lyme disease with diplopia. in contrast with most reported cases of ocular motor involvement in lyme disease, no other systemic symptoms were detected. the serodiagnosis, although mildly positive, was confirmed by western blot antibodies analysis and ...19902290005
prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in children with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis.lyme arthritis and juvenile rheumatoid arthritis (jra) share a number of clinical features. our study was performed in order to determine the prevalence of antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in 50 children with jra who reside in a nonendemic area. three patients were weakly reactive and one patient was reactive when tested using an enzyme immunoassay to detect serum antibody to b. burgdorferi. no patient, however, had definitive serologic evidence of b. burgdorferi infection by western blot analys ...19902290160
[a clinico-serological study of lyme disease in the northwestern ussr].to reveal clinical signs and symptoms of lyme's disease in the population of the endemic area, clinical and serological examinations of 416 persons have been performed. preliminary screening, using indirect immunofluorescence, has revealed in 230 persons (group i) antibodies to the agent of the disease at a titre of greater than or equal to 1:20. group ii consisted of 186 patients who had not been serologically examined. lyme's disease diagnosed in most cases by erythema annulare was found in 8 ...19902290396
lyme borreliosis. 19902292181
lyme disease in a shimla boy.a patient with lyme disease is described. he presented with meningitis-like picture, arthritis, and carditis (congestive cardiac failure and variable av blocks without valvular lesions). borrelia was present in the peripheral blood smear.19902292560
the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi seropositivity in an area endemic for lyme disease.we conducted a seroprevalence survey of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in west central wisconsin, an area endemic for lyme disease. one hundred and thirty-seven of 153 patients having blood drawn at the eau claire family medicine clinic and the associated rural augusta practice participated in the study and were tested for the presence of antibodies to b burgdorferi and questioned about lyme disease risk factors. an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay showed that 15 (10.9%) of the 137 persons ...19902293487
borrelia lymphocytoma: a possible north american case.borrelia lymphocytoma is a rare dermatologic manifestation of lyme disease, thus far reported only in european patients. a possible north american case is presented and the significance of the first north american case is discussed.19902293488
passive immunization prevents induction of lyme arthritis in lsh hamsters.we determined that sera obtained from hamsters infected with borrelia burgdorferi could prevent the induction of lyme arthritis. when irradiated hamsters were administered immune serum and subsequently challenged with b. burgdorferi, no evidence of infection was detected. recipients failed to develop swelling of the hind paws, and no histopathologic changes were detected. in addition, b. burgdorferi was not recovered from tissues of hamsters that were passively immunized. by contrast, irradiated ...19902294046
isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from the myocardium of a patient with longstanding cardiomyopathy. 19902294450
isolation of borrelia burgdorferi from the blood of seven patients with lyme disease.borrelia burgdorferi, the etiologic agent of lyme disease, has rarely been successfully cultured from blood. we report on seven patients from westchester county, new york, with b. burgdorferi bacteremia diagnosed between april 1987 and august 1987.19902294761
borrelia burgdorferi and babesia microti: efficiency of transmission from reservoirs to vector ticks (ixodes dammini).in endemic regions, peromyscus leucopus, the mouse reservoir of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) and the piroplasm causing human babesiosis (babesia microti), is nearly universally infected with both agents. paradoxically, spirochetal infection is nearly twice as prevalent as is babesial infection in populations of field-collected nymphal ixodes dammini, the tick vector. in the laboratory, a similarly disproportionate rate of infection was observed among nymphal ticks, feeding ...19902295326
cross-antigenicity between the major surface proteins (ospa and ospb) and other proteins of borrelia burgdorferi.two of the major surface ag of borrelia burgdorferi, the 31-kda ospa and 34-kda ospb proteins, are encoded by a 49-kb plasmid. in this study, mab and monospecific polyclonal antibodies were used to define cross-antigenicity of the ospa and ospb protein to each other and to other lower molecular mass proteins by western blot analysis. two mab studied, 105.5 and 184.1, were directed predominantly against the 31-kda ospa protein. however, each also reacted with other minor bands, though with differ ...19902295795
lyme disease in childhood: clinical and epidemiologic features of ninety cases.in 1982 and 1983 practicing pediatricians in a lyme disease-endemic county, reported 90 cases of lyme disease among children 19 years of age and younger (median age, 9 years). three-fourths of the children had initial symptom onset in the summer months, with peak incidence in july. infection occurred twice as often in boys than in girls, and tick bites were recalled by less than half (49%) of the children or parents. erythema chronicum migrans was present in two-thirds (67%) of the cases with me ...19902300409
attenuation of borrelia anserina by serial passage in liquid medium.borrelia anserina (sakharoff) was successfully grown in a liquid medium (barbour-stoenner-kelly) for 39 passages. by the 12th serial passage in medium, infectivity of b anserina for chicks was lost. electron microscopy did not reveal structural differences between non-infective and infective cultured organisms. changes in the protein profiles were found by electrophoresis as the organisms were passed in culture.19902300719
susceptibility of the western fence lizard (sceloporus occidentalis) to the lyme borreliosis spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi).attempts to infect juvenile and adult western fence lizards (sceloporus occidentalis) with the lyme borreliosis spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) were largely unsuccessful. spirochetes could not be isolated from the blood and various tissues of 14 lizards 21-32 days after they had been inoculated ip (n = 8) or sc (n = 6) with 10(6) or 10(8) b. burgdorferi representing 3 tick isolates, although 1 lizard apparently developed a transitory spirochetemia lasting 2 days. similarly, spirochetes could n ...19902301709
bird-feeding ticks transstadially transmit borrelia burgdorferi that infect syrian hamsters.bird-feeding ixodes dammini ticks were documented for the first time to successfully molt and transstadially pass borrelia burgdorferi spirochetes that were indistinguishable by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis from the type b31 strain. forty-six of 73 blood-engorged larvae and 50 of 66 fully-fed nymphs, removed from wild-caught birds, successfully molted. borreliae were isolated from 21 of 78 partially- and fully-fed larvae off birds, including six specimens that molted ...19902304189
survival of borrelia burgdorferi in different electroporation buffers.electroporation consists in the application of an electric field through a cell membrane until the membrane itself develops transient pores. this technique has been used to insert external macromolecules into both eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. in this study we investigated the survival ratio of borrelia burgdorferi, the lyme disease spirochete, under different electroporation conditions.19902308532
lyme borreliosis among danish patients with arthritis. 19902309106
isolation, preliminary chemical characterization, and biological activity of borrelia burgdorferi peptidoglycan.peptidoglycan (pg), an essential cell wall polymer of most bacteria, has been isolated from many species of spirochetes. our interest in the host response to borrelia burgdorferi led us to isolate and characterize its pg. extracted cells were solubilized with warm 1% sds followed by digestion with proteases. amino acid analysis of the isolated pg demonstrated the presence of alanine, glycine, glutamic acid, and ornithine as occurs in other spirochetes and bacteria. intense erythematous reactions ...19902310405
detection of borrelia burgdorferi dna by the polymerase chain reaction.dna amplification by the polymerase chain reaction (pcr) was used to detect dna of the lyme disease spirochaete borrelia burgdorferi. primers that specify the amplification of a 145 basepair dna fragment of the ospa gene of b. burgdorferi were used. the amplification product was detected by gel electrophoresis and ethidium bromide staining or by hybridization to a radiolabelled oligonucleotide probe. the hybridization method was found to be more sensitive. as little as 50 fg of purified b. burgd ...19902314397
possible lyme meningitis.lyme disease was first recognized in 1975 because of a cluster of patients with arthritis in the vicinity of lyme, connecticut. subsequently the arthritis was linked with erythema chronicum migrans (88%), cardiac (8%), and nervous system diseases (11%). by 1983, the etiology of the disease had been confirmed as an infection caused by a spirochete, borrelia burgdorferi, transmitted to man by the bite of a tick, ixodes dammini. then it became apparent that this was the same disease reported as far ...19902316438
systemic disease in peromyscus leucopus associated with borrelia burgdorferi infection.sixteen wild peromyscus leucopus, trapped for the establishment of a breeding colony, developed signs of neurological damage (trembling, incoordination, circling, head tilt, and lameness of the rear legs) 2-47 days after capture in southern wisconsin. spirochetes were cultured from the brain of 5/11 mice, and borrelia burgdorferi was cultured from 1 brain. a spirochete was isolated from the bladder of 1 mouse. the spirochete was identified by fluorescent antibody staining with the monoclonal ant ...19902316794
thermoregulation of protein synthesis in borrelia burgdorferi.borrelia burgdorferi, the etiological agent of lyme disease, infects humans via the bite of a tick. the microbe survives in at least two vastly different environments: an arthropod vector and a warm-blooded host. we examined protein synthesis in b. burgdorferi b31 in response to sudden heat stress, which is similar to that which occurs during the transmission from vector to host. proteins synthesized after shifts from 28 degrees c to higher temperatures and in pulse-chase experiments were labele ...19902318529
borrelia burgdorferi contains repeated dna sequences that are species specific and plasmid associated.borrelia burgdorferi, the causative agent of lyme borreliosis, contains linear and supercoiled circular (sc) plasmids. because sc plasmids are present in multiple copies, these plasmids were examined for species-specific sequences that could serve as high-copy-number target dnas for a diagnostic probe. three ecori fragments (4.3, 4.2, and 3.5 kilobase pairs [kb]) that hybridized with multiple dna fragments from b. burgdorferi were identified and cloned from a sc plasmid-enriched fraction. the 4. ...19902318533
immunogenic integral membrane proteins of borrelia burgdorferi are lipoproteins.the pathogenic spirochete borrelia burgdorferi contains a set of integral membrane proteins which were selectively extracted into the detergent phase upon solubilization of intact b. burgdorferi with the nonionic detergent triton x-114. virtually all of these hydrophobic proteins were recognized by antibodies in pooled sera from patients with chronic lyme arthritis, demonstrating that proteins partitioning into the detergent phase of triton x-114 encompass the major b. burgdorferi immunogens. fu ...19902318538
borrelia burgdorferi and ixodes dammini prevalent in the greater philadelphia area. 19902319174
borrelia burgdorferi myelitis presenting as a partial stiff man syndrome.eight weeks after a tick bite, a 33-year-old male patient presented with stiffness of one leg together with spasmodic painful jerks resembling stiff man syndrome. isolated myelitis of lumbosacral segments of the spinal cord, apparently confined to the grey matter, was diagnosed and its spirochaetal aetiology confirmed by serology and csf findings. oligoclonal igg bands in csf specific for borrelia burgdorferi were found. thus, there is evidence that b. burgdorferi ist able to cause a localized m ...19902319268
incidence of tick-bite in man in aland islands: reference to the spread of lyme borreliosis.the common tick ixodes ricinus is a vector both for the virus of tick-borne viral encephalitis (kumlinge disease, kd) and of borrelia burgdorferi (lyme borreliosis, lb). bites of the tick are believed to be common in aland, an island province of finland in the baltic sea. kd has been seen there for many years, and cases of lb have been diagnosed lately. the purpose of this study was to find the incidence of tick-bite among the population with possible implications for the spread of lb. a questio ...19902320965
lyme disease in outdoor workers: risk factors, preventive measures, and tick removal methods.a statewide cross-sectional study of risk factors for seropositivity for antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in outdoor workers in new jersey was performed in september and october 1988. the crude odds ratio associated with exposure to ticks on the primary state job was 2.2 (95% confidence interval (ci) 0.7-9.0). after adjustment for multiple confounding variables with logistic regression, the adjusted occupational tick exposure odds ratio was 5.1 (95% ci 1.1-23.6). additional analyses revealed tha ...19902321630
[meningo-encephalomyelitis in lyme disease].a case of isolated central nervous system involvement in lyme disease is described. a 13 year-old boy developed progressive spastic quadraparesis, chronic lymphocytic meningitis with a low csf glucose concentration and demyelinating lesions of the white matter on mri. the diagnosis was proved serologically by high antibody titers against borrelia burgdorferi (bb) in the serum (1:5, 120) and csf (1:1,280). there was evidence of specific intrathecal immune response against the bb antigen. the pati ...19902322077
[the borrelia titer in ent diseases].in 139 patients with facial paralysis, sudden hearing loss, vertigo, and lymphadenitis of the head and neck, the prevalence of borrelia burgdorferi serum antibodies was examined with the help of immunofluorescence assays for igg- and igm-antibodies, immunofluorescence assays after absorption of cross-reacting antibodies with treponema phagedenis, elisa, and western blot. six out of 22 patients with facial paralysis, 11 out of 72 with hearing loss, eight out of 45 with vertigo, and five out of 25 ...19902322358
cultivation and characterization of spirochetes from cerebrospinal fluid of patients with lyme borreliosis.attempts were made to culture spirochetes from cerebrospinal fluid samples of 105 patients suspected of having lyme borreliosis with neurological complications. at the final evaluation, only 38 patients fulfilled the criteria of neuroborreliosis. spirochetes were cultured from cerebrospinal fluid samples of four of these patients. all four patients had pleocytosis in their cerebrospinal fluid and a history of neurological symptoms of only 4 to 10 days in duration. two of them had no detectable a ...19902324275
detection of antibodies in late lyme disease. 19902324533
htlv-i-associated myelopathy, tropical spastic paraparesis, and borrelia burgdorferi. 19902327742
serologic tests for antibody to borrelia burgdorferi. another pandora's box for medicine? 19902327834
persistence of antibodies to borrelia burgdorferi in dogs of new york and connecticut.multiple blood samples were obtained from privately owned dogs living in tick-infested areas of new york (westchester county) and connecticut, where lyme disease in human beings has been reported. of the 175 dogs examined, 127 (72.6%) had limb/joint disorder, whereas the remaining 48 dogs were considered healthy. results of analysis of 419 serum samples revealed igm antibody to borrelia burgdorferi in healthy and lame dogs during all seasons. prevalence of seropositivity was significantly (p les ...19902329074
growth kinetics of the lyme disease spirochete (borrelia burgdorferi) in vector ticks (ixodes dammini).lyme disease spirochetes (borrelia burgdorferi) multiplied rapidly in larval ixodes dammini, reaching a mean density of 2,735 spirochetes/tick on day 15 post-repletion. a 5-fold drop in spirochete levels occurred during the subsequent premolting period. recently molted nymphs contained a mean of less than 300 spirochetes/tick. following nymphal repletion, spirochete multiplication renewed, reaching a mean abundance of 61,275 spirochetes/nymph on day 75 post-repletion. a 10-fold drop in spirochet ...19902331043
[a case of "neuralgic amyotrophy" with elevated serum antibody titer against borrelia burgdorferi].a 39-year-old man experienced an abrupt onset of right back pain. the pain improved spontaneously, but weakness of the right upper extremity developed. the weakness deteriorated during the next month, and he was admitted to our hospital. neurological examination disclosed impairment of superficial sensation in his right upper extremity. blood examination showed no abnormal data. the cerebrospinal fluid was normal. neuroradiological findings were also negative. electrophysiological examinations w ...19902331826
serologic survey for borrelia burgdorferi antibody in horses referred to a mid-atlantic veterinary teaching hospital.blood samples obtained from 13 of 100 (13%) and 6 of 91 (7%) horses at the george d. widener hospital for large animals in the months of june and october, respectively, had antibody to borrelia burgdorferi as determined by elisa. horses from the states of new york, maryland, delaware, new jersey, and pennsylvania were seropositive for b burgdorferi. the frequency of antibody response in horses from new jersey was greater (p less than 0.05) than the frequency of antibody response in horses from p ...19902332371
dna and protein analyses of tick-derived isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from california.nine isolates of borrelia burgdorferi from ixodid ticks collected in northern california were characterized. restriction endonuclease analysis, pulsed-field gel electrophoresis, and western blot (immunoblot) analysis were used in this study. four isolates were very similar to each other. the others shared some similarities but were classified as having unique genotypes. a strain from an ixodes neotomae tick displayed the greatest genetic and antigenic diversity when compared to the isolates coll ...19902332468
interaction between borrelia burgdorferi and endothelium in vitro.during the pathogenesis of lyme disease, borrelia burgdorferi spreads hematogenously from the site of a tick bite to several tissues throughout the body. the specific mechanism of spirochete emigration is presently unknown. using cultured human umbilical vein endothelial cells, we found that borrelia burgdorferi bound to the endothelial cells and to the subendothelial matrix. low passage isolates adhered 22-30-fold greater than a strain maintained in culture continuously. spirochete binding to s ...19902332509
host-seeking behavior of adult ixodes pacificus (acari: ixodidae) as determined by flagging vegetation.diurnal host-seeking by adults of the western black-legged tick, ixodes pacificus cooley & kohls in relation to vegetative habitat type and meterological factors was investigated at a coastal and an inland site in northern california. host-seeking behavior and relative tick abundance were determined with a tick drag method from late fall to midwinter 1987-1988. at the inland site, tick abundance usually was significantly greater in chaparral-grassland ecotones than in adjoining dense chaparral o ...19902332872
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