| cell-mimicking nanodecoys neutralize sars-cov-2 and mitigate lung injury in a non-human primate model of covid-19. | coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), has grown into a global pandemic, and only a few antiviral treatments have been approved to date. angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ace2) plays a fundamental role in sars-cov-2 pathogenesis because it allows viral entry into host cells. here we show that ace2 nanodecoys derived from human lung spheroid cells (lscs) can bind and neutralize sars-cov-2 and protect the host lung cells from inf ... | 2021 | 34140674 |
| plant-produced receptor-binding domain of sars-cov-2 elicits potent neutralizing responses in mice and non-human primates. | the emergence of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has affected global public health and economy. despite the substantial efforts, only few vaccines are currently approved and some are in the different stages of clinical trials. as the disease rapidly spreads, an affordable and effective vaccine is urgently needed. in this study, we investigated the immunogenicity of plant-produced receptor-binding domain (rbd) of sars-cov- ... | 2021 | 34054909 |
| sars-cov-2 in animals: potential for unknown reservoir hosts and public health implications. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2, previously 2019-ncov) is suspected of having originated in 2019 in china from a coronavirus infected bat of the genus rhinolophus. following the initial emergence, possibly facilitated by a mammalian bridge host, sars-cov-2 is currently transmitted across the globe via efficient human-to-human transmission. results obtained from experimental studies indicate that animal species such as cats, ferrets, raccoon dogs, cynomolgus macaques, ... | 2021 | 33892621 |
| animal models of covid-19. i. comparative virology and disease pathogenesis. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic has fueled unprecedented development of animal models to understand disease pathogenesis, test therapeutics, and support vaccine development. models previously developed to study severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (sars-cov) have been rapidly deployed to study sars-cov-2. however, it has become clear that despite the common use of ace2 as a receptor for both viruses, the host range of the 2 viruses does not entirely overlap. distinct ac ... | 2021 | 33836527 |
| therapy for argentine hemorrhagic fever in nonhuman primates with a humanized monoclonal antibody. | the covid-19 pandemic has reemphasized the need to identify safe and scalable therapeutics to slow or reverse symptoms of disease caused by newly emerging and reemerging viral pathogens. recent clinical successes of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) in therapy for viral infections demonstrate that mabs offer a solution for these emerging biothreats. we have explored this with respect to junin virus (junv), an arenavirus classified as a category a high-priority agent and the causative agent of argenti ... | 2021 | 33836604 |
| sars-cov-2 aerosol exhaled by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. | we analyzed size of severe acute respiratory coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) aerosol particles shed by experimentally infected cynomolgus monkeys. most exhaled particles were small, and virus was mainly released early during infection. by postinfection day 6, no virus was detected in breath, but air in the isolator contained large quantities of aerosolized virus. | 2021 | 34152969 |
| pharmacokinetic profiles of a sars-cov-2 neutralizing antibody bd-604 in cynomolgus monkeys. | currently, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) has spread worldwide as a severe pandemic and effective therapeutic medications are urgently needed. as reported previously, bd-604 is a fully human monoclonal antibody with strong in vitro and in vivo neutralizing activity to sars-cov-2. | 2021 | 34215019 |
| in vitro characterization of fitness and convalescent antibody neutralization of sars-cov-2 cluster 5 variant emerging in mink at danish farms. | in addition to humans, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) can transmit to animals that include hamsters, cats, dogs, mink, ferrets, tigers, lions, cynomolgus macaques, rhesus macaques, and treeshrew. among these, mink are particularly susceptible. indeed, 10 countries in europe and north america reported sars-cov-2 infection among mink on fur farms. in denmark, sars-cov-2 spread rapidly among mink farms and spilled-over back into humans, acquiring mutations/deletions wi ... | 2021 | 34248922 |
| comparison of nonhuman primates identified the suitable model for covid-19. | identification of a suitable nonhuman primate (nhp) model of covid-19 remains challenging. here, we characterized severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) infection in three nhp species: old world monkeys macaca mulatta (m. mulatta) and macaca fascicularis (m. fascicularis) and new world monkey callithrix jacchus (c. jacchus). infected m. mulatta and m. fascicularis showed abnormal chest radiographs, an increased body temperature and a decreased body weight. viral genomes wer ... | 2020 | 32814760 |
| comparison of rhesus and cynomolgus macaques as an infection model for covid-19. | a novel coronavirus, sars-cov-2, has been identified as the causative agent of the current covid-19 pandemic. animal models, and in particular non-human primates, are essential to understand the pathogenesis of emerging diseases and to assess the safety and efficacy of novel vaccines and therapeutics. here, we show that sars-cov-2 replicates in the upper and lower respiratory tract and causes pulmonary lesions in both rhesus and cynomolgus macaques. immune responses against sars-cov-2 are also s ... | 2021 | 33627662 |
| immunogenicity and efficacy of mrna covid-19 vaccine mrt5500 in preclinical animal models. | emergency use authorization of covid vaccines has brought hope to mitigate pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). however, there remains a need for additional effective vaccines to meet the global demand and address the potential new viral variants. mrna technologies offer an expeditious path alternative to traditional vaccine approaches. here we describe the efforts to utilize an mrna platform for rational design and evaluations of mrna vaccine candidates based on the spike (s) glycop ... | 2021 | 33875658 |
| development of a coronavirus disease 2019 nonhuman primate model using airborne exposure. | airborne transmission is predicted to be a prevalent route of human exposure with sars-cov-2. aside from african green monkeys, nonhuman primate models that replicate airborne transmission of sars-cov-2 have not been investigated. a comparative evaluation of covid-19 in african green monkeys, rhesus macaques, and cynomolgus macaques following airborne exposure to sars-cov-2 was performed to determine critical disease parameters associated with disease progression, and establish correlations betw ... | 2021 | 33529233 |
| two-component spike nanoparticle vaccine protects macaques from sars-cov-2 infection. | the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) pandemic is continuing to disrupt personal lives, global healthcare systems, and economies. hence, there is an urgent need for a vaccine that prevents viral infection, transmission, and disease. here, we present a two-component protein-based nanoparticle vaccine that displays multiple copies of the sars-cov-2 spike protein. immunization studies show that this vaccine induces potent neutralizing antibody responses in mice, rabbits, ... | 2021 | 33577765 |
| cova1-18 neutralizing antibody protects against sars-cov-2 in three preclinical models. | one year into the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), effective treatments are still needed 1-3 . monoclonal antibodies, given alone or as part of a therapeutic cocktail, have shown promising results in patients, raising the hope that they could play an important role in preventing clinical deterioration in severely ill or in exposed, high risk individuals 4-6 . here, we evaluated the prophylactic and therapeutic ef ... | 2021 | 33619476 |
| the neutralizing antibody, ly-cov555, protects against sars-cov-2 infection in nonhuman primates. | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (sars-cov-2) poses a public health threat for which preventive and therapeutic agents are urgently needed. neutralizing antibodies are a key class of therapeutics that may bridge widespread vaccination campaigns and offer a treatment solution in populations less responsive to vaccination. here, we report that high-throughput microfluidic screening of antigen-specific b cells led to the identification of ly-cov555 (also known as bamlanivimab), a pot ... | 2021 | 33820835 |
| comparative pathogenesis of covid-19, mers, and sars in a nonhuman primate model. | the current pandemic coronavirus, severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2), was recently identified in patients with an acute respiratory syndrome, coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19). to compare its pathogenesis with that of previously emerging coronaviruses, we inoculated cynomolgus macaques with sars-cov-2 or middle east respiratory syndrome (mers)-cov and compared the pathology and virology with historical reports of sars-cov infections. in sars-cov-2-infected macaques, v ... | 2020 | 32303590 |
| characteristic and quantifiable covid-19-like abnormalities in ct- and pet/ct-imaged lungs of sars-cov-2-infected crab-eating macaques (macaca fascicularis). | severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) is causing an exponentially increasing number of coronavirus disease 19 (covid-19) cases globally. prioritization of medical countermeasures for evaluation in randomized clinical trials is critically hindered by the lack of covid-19 animal models that enable accurate, quantifiable, and reproducible measurement of covid-19 pulmonary disease free from observer bias. we first used serial computed tomography (ct) to demonstrate that bilate ... | 2020 | 32511338 |
| development of an inactivated vaccine candidate, bbibp-corv, with potent protection against sars-cov-2. | the coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (sars-cov-2) threatens global public health. the development of a vaccine is urgently needed for the prevention and control of covid-19. here, we report the pilot-scale production of an inactivated sars-cov-2 vaccine candidate (bbibp-corv) that induces high levels of neutralizing antibodies titers in mice, rats, guinea pigs, rabbits, and nonhuman primates (cynomolgus monkeys and rhesus maca ... | 2020 | 32778225 |