| biochemical and molecular characterization of treponema phagedenis-like spirochetes isolated from a bovine digital dermatitis lesion. | bovine papillomatous digital dermatitis (dd) is the leading cause of lameness in dairy cattle and represents a serious welfare and economic burden. found primarily in high production dairy cattle worldwide, dd is characterized by the development of an often painful red, raw ulcerative or papillomatous lesion frequently located near the interdigital cleft and above the bulbs of the heel. while the exact etiology is unknown, several spirochete species have been isolated from lesion material. four ... | 2013 | 24304812 |