| avian influenza: the canadian experience. | reports of sporadic avian influenza outbreaks involving domestic poultry date back to the 1960s. with the exception of a/turkey/ontario/7732/1966 (h5n9), which was isolated from a turkey breeding establishment, all viruses characterised prior to 2004 fit the criteria of low pathogenic avian influenza (lpai). only in retrospect was a/turkey/ontario/7732/1966 shown to meet the criteria of a highly pathogenic avian influenza (hpai). in 2004, canada reported its first case of hpai to the world organ ... | 2009 | 19618638 |