| characterization of fort morgan virus, an alphavirus of the western equine encephalitis virus complex in an unusual ecosystem. | an alphavirus isolated from nestling cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) and from cimicid bugs (oeciacus vicarius) in eastern colorado, for which we propose the name fort morgan (fm) virus, is sensitive to the action of sodium deoxycholate, unstable at ph 2.0-4.0, and demonstrates no characteristics of temperature-sensitive mutants. unpassaged field strains are nonpathogenic, or of low pathogenicity, for suckling mice; however, plaque-purified fm viru ... | 1980 | 7446830 |
| persistent west nile virus transmission and the apparent displacement st. louis encephalitis virus in southeastern california, 2003-2006. | west nile virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, wnv) invaded the colorado desert biome of southern california during summer 2003 and seemed to displace previously endemic st. louis encephalitis virus (family flaviviridae, genus flavivirus, slev, an antigenically similar flavivirus in the japanese encephalitis virus serocomplex). western equine encephalomyelitis virus (family togaviridae, genus alphavirus, weev), an antigenically distinct alphavirus, was detected during 2005 and 2006, ind ... | 2008 | 18533445 |
| a field study on the effects of fort morgan virus, an arbovirus transmitted by swallow bugs, on the reproductive success of cliff swallows and symbiotic house sparrows in morgan county, colorado, 1976. | we studied the transmission of fort morgan (fm) virus within colonies of nesting cliff swallows and house sparrows under three bridges in morgan county, colorado during 1976. nests were examined, and blood or brain specimens were collected from nestlings once or twice a week. flying birds and small mammals were also studied. we analyzed nesting activity, virus isolations from nestlings of both species, fledging success, multiple infections within a brood of nestlings, infection frequency by age ... | 1984 | 6091471 |
| seasonal blood-feeding behavior of culex tarsalis (diptera: culicidae) in weld county, colorado, 2007. | studies on culex tarsalis coquillett in colorado have shown marked seasonal variation in the proportion of blood meals from birds and mammals. however, limitations in the specificity of antibodies used in the precipitin test and lack of vertebrate host availability data warrant revisiting cx. tarsalis blood feeding behavior in the context of west nile virus (wnv) transmission. we characterized the host preference of cx. tarsalis during peak wnv transmission season in eastern colorado and estimat ... | 2009 | 19351092 |
| phylogeographical structure and evolutionary history of two buggy creek virus lineages in the western great plains of north america. | buggy creek virus (bcrv) is an unusual arbovirus within the western equine encephalitis complex of alphaviruses. associated with cimicid swallow bugs (oeciacus vicarius) as its vector and the cliff swallow (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrow (passer domesticus) as its amplifying hosts, this virus is found primarily in the western great plains of north america at spatially discrete swallow nesting colonies. for 342 isolates collected in oklahoma, nebraska, colorado and north dakota, from ... | 2008 | 18753221 |
| phylogenetic analysis of buggy creek virus: evidence for multiple clades in the western great plains, united states of america. | we present the first detailed phylogenetic analysis of buggy creek virus (bcrv), a poorly known alphavirus with transmission cycles involving a cimicid swallow bug (oeciacus vicarius) vector and cliff swallows (petrochelidon pyrrhonota) and house sparrows (passer domesticus) as the principal avian hosts. nucleotide sequences of a 2,075-bp viral envelope glycoprotein-coding region, covering the entire pe2 gene, were determined for 33 bcrv isolates taken from swallow bugs at cliff swallow colonies ... | 2006 | 16936062 |
| role of corvids in epidemiology of west nile virus in southern california. | the invasion of different southern california landscapes by west nile virus (wnv) and its subsequent amplification to epidemic levels during 2004 enabled us to study the impact of differing corvid populations in three biomes: the hot colorado desert with few corvids (coachella valley), the southern san joaquin valley (kern county) with large western scrub-jay but small american crow populations, and the cool maritime coast (los angeles) with a large clustered american crow population. similar su ... | 2006 | 16619622 |