| implementation of a sampling strategy to detect west nile virus in oral and cloacal samples in live song birds. | in 1999, west nile virus (wnv) first appeared in the united states and has subsequently infected more than a million people and untold numbers of wildlife. though primarily an avian virus, wnv can also infect humans and horses. the current status of wnv and its effects on wildlife in pennsylvania (pa) is sparsely monitored through sporadic testing of dead birds. in order to acquire a more comprehensive understanding of the status of wnv in wild birds, a study was designed and implemented to samp ... | 2015 | 25863262 |